View source for Engineering:Meteor III

{{short description|American-built yacht}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=''Meteor III''}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image = Meteor-III yacht launching.tif
|Ship caption = ''Meteor III'' yacht launching
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag={{flagcountry|German Empire}}
|Ship builder=Archibald Cary Smith
|Ship launched=
|Ship owner=German Emperor Wilhelm II
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Ship tonnage =
|Ship displacement = 314 tonnes<ref name=GermanWebsite_MeteorIII/> 
|Ship length=*{{convert|161|ft|abbr=on}}
*{{convert|120|ft|abbr=on}} (water-line)
|Ship beam={{convert|27|ft|abbr=on}} 
|Ship draft={{convert|15|ft|abbr=on}} 
|Ship sail plan=Schooner {{convert|11,612|sqft|abbr=on}}
}}
|}
{{italic title|noerror}}
'''''Meteor III''''' was a [[Engineering:Schooner|schooner]]-rigged [[Engineering:Yacht|yacht]] built in the United States for the German Emperor Wilhelm II. She was third in a series of ''Meteor'' pleasure crafts Wilhelm had. Launched in 1902 it was the world's largest yacht built at the time. The yacht was mainly a pleasure craft, but did participate in races. She was christened by the daughter of US President [[Biography:Theodore Roosevelt|Theodore Roosevelt]], who was in attendance with Prince Henry of Prussia and two thousand spectators. The yacht had a 40-year career with twelve owners, some of who upgraded the yacht. She was requisitioned by the United States Navy during World War II for service and became the property of the United States government. Ultimately the yacht was sold out for scrap. 

== History ==

''Meteor III'', designed by naval architect Archibald Cary Smith, was an improved and enlarged version of the yacht ''[[Engineering:Yampa (yacht)|Yampa]]'' which was originally built by Smith for Chester W. Chapin, a United States Congressman from Massachusetts.<ref name=Built4Chapin> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= The Yacht Tampa [sic]: Mr. Chapin's Steel Schooner Receiving the Finishing Touches  |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17156629/|newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle |page=16  |location=Brooklyn, New York |date= December 18, 1887|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> ''Yampa'' had several owners and was eventually purchased by the German emperor. It was renamed ''Iduna'' and participated in European regattas. The emperor was so pleased with the performance of ''Iduna'' that he placed an order with Smith for the construction of a larger and improved version.{{sfn|Kenealy|1902|p=128}}{{sfn|Leslie|1901|p=540}} The new schooner yacht was named ''Meteor III''  following the scheme the emperor had of naming his pleasure craft, as she was the next sequenced ''Meteor.''{{sfn|SA|1902|p=141}}{{sfn|Stephens|1902|p=121}} 

''Meteor III'' was built by Townsend-Downey Shipbuilding Company at Shooters Island in New York City and launched February 25, 1902.<ref name=LJS02_25_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kaiser's New Yacht takes to the Water |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17532026/ |newspaper=Lincoln Journal Star| page =1  |location=Lincoln, Nebraska|date=February 25, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} |quote=She is to be the largest schooner yacht afloat...}} </ref> It took four months to construct from Smith's architectural drawings.{{sfn|Thompson|1907|p=435}} Alice Roosevelt, US President Theodore Rooselvelt's 18 year old daughter, christened the yacht upon launch.<ref name=NYT01_19_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Plan of the Emperor William of Germany's new schooner yacht ''Meteor'' now at Shooter's Island, N.Y. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17505796/the_new_york_times/ |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}| page= 2  |location=New York, New York |date= January 19, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}| quote=Emperor Wlllliam's new Meteor, which Miss Roosevelt is to christen, will, when launched, be the largest schooner yacht afloat, and probably one of the fastest ever built. }} </ref> The emperor's younger brother, Prince Henry, traveled from Europe to New York City to attend as the German emperor's personal representative.<ref name=BDE02_22_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= The Emperor's Yacht, Meteor III, to be Launched next Tuesday |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/50416300/?terms=%22Meteor+III%22+American++%22water+line%22 |work= The Brooklyn Daily Eagle| page =10 |location=Brooklyn, New York |date= February 22, 1902|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}}} </ref> Two thousand spectators were at the 10:30 a.m. launching including President Roosevelt and Prince Henry.{{sfn|Seitz|Miller|2011|p=319}}{{sfn|Hallock|1902|p=194}}

[[File:Miss Roosevelt breaking champagne bottle.tif|thumb|left|Alice Roosevelt breaking a champagne bottle upon launching of ''Meteor III'' yacht]]
Alice christened the schooner by breaking a bottle of champagne against the steel side of the yacht. She proclaimed in a loud clear voice, ''I christen thee Meteor.'' Up to that point the yacht was just labeled job No. 24 by the shipyard.<ref name=SLH02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Daughter of President christens Kaiser's Yacht / Miss Alice Roosevelt Breaks the Bottle of Wine on Bow of Meteor III |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17649648/ |newspaper=The Salt Lake Herald| page=1  |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |date=February 26, 1902 |via = Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> Alice then cut the holding cord to a key block of weights that held the yacht in place on the dock support cradle, using a silver-looking nickel hatchet.<ref name=IO02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kaiser's Yacht is Launched |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17648277/|newspaper=The Inter Ocean| page =1  |location=Chicago, Illinois |date= February 26, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=BE02_25_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Meteor Launching |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17651119/ |work=  The Buffalo Enquirer| page= 7 |location=Buffalo, New York|date=February 25, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> Cannons were fired, brass bands played and there was a twenty-one gun salute.<ref name=WH02_27_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meteor Launched |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17623020/ |work= The Wyandott Herald| page =1  |location=Kansas City, Kansas |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=SLR02_25_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Miss Alice Roosevelt will christen Meteor III today |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17627502/ |newspaper=The St Louis Republic| page= 4  |location=St. Louis, Missouri |date=February 25, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref>

Alice struck the bow of the yacht with her palm as it started moving into the water leaving its supports. President Roosevelt and Prince Henry followed her example. Nearby German officers did the same, with some nearly being knocked off their feet as the yacht was picking up speed. Immediately after the yacht was launched into the water, a message was cabled to [[Place:Berlin|Berlin]] from Prince Henry  to the emperor saying, ''Yacht just launched under brilliant auspices. Christened by Miss Roosevelt's hand. Beautiful craft. Great enthusiasm. I congratulate you'' – Heinrich.<ref name=TTPP02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Miss Roosevelt name the Meteor |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17620088/ |newspaper=The Times| page= 4  |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date= February 26, 1902|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=CT02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Miss Roosevelt enjoys scene |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17621953/|work= Chicago Tribune| page= 2  |location=Chicago, Illinois |date=February 26, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=BP02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meteor Christened by Miss Roosevelt |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17622539/ |work= Boston Post| page =10  |location=Boston, Massachusetts |date=February 26, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref>
[[File:Meteor leaving Ways.jpg|thumb|''Meteor III'' yacht leaving the slip way after christening by Alice Roosevelt.]]
In 1909, ''Meteor III'' was put up for sale by the emperor. She eventually was sold to professor Carl Harries of the University of Kiel.<ref name=TheSun02_03_1910> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Emperor sells Meteor III |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17588447/ |newspaper=The Sun| page =8  |location=New York, New York |date= February 3, 1910 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> She was renamed ''Nordstern'' and took part in the Kiel Regatta. Harries put the yacht up for sale in 1921 in [[Place:Barcelona|Barcelona]], Spain.<ref name=DAG02_23_1921> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ex-Kaiser sells Yacht |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17561595/ |newspaper=Daily Arkansas Gazette| page=5  |location= Little Rock, Arkansas|date=February 23, 1921 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> It was bought by Maurice Bunau-Varilla, owner of the Paris newspaper ''Le Matin.''<ref name=NYH03_17_1922> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Former German Schooner has had a varied and exciting Career |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17595103/ |newspaper=New York Herald| page =12 |location=New York, New York |date=March 17, 1922|via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref>  In 1924 Bunau-Varilla sold ''Meteor III'' to Italian baron Alberto Fassini. In 1932 Fassini sold the vessel to a Mr. Gillet, who turned her over to Camper and Nicholsons, British yacht brokers. After being on the market for awhile she was sold to the American Francis Lenn Taylor, father of Elizabeth Taylor. Taylor used her for several years as a pleasure craft. He then sold her to Sterling Hayden. It was later repossessed because Hayden defaulted on the financial arrangements. In 1940 Taylor then resold her to Gerald S. Foley who later sold her to a Mr. David Feinburg, who sold her to Nicholas Allen. The last owner gave the schooner yacht the name ''Aldebaran.'' The United States Navy requisitioned her during World War II for service and the craft became the property of the War Shipping Administration (WSA).{{sfn|NYM|1946|p=66}}

The yacht had ultimately passed through twelve owners, some of who updated the yacht. The vessel during this time had received new engines, radio equipment and a third mast. The yacht at one time was used as a fishing vessel.  In 1942 she was taken to Shooters Island by the WSA since they then owned her. ''Aldebaran,'' previously the German emperor's ''Meteor III'', in 1945 was sold for $2,100 to John Witte, an iron salvager at Staten Island who did business a short distance from where ''Meteor III'' was originally constructed in 1902. Witte then took the craft apart for scrap iron.<ref name=GermanWebsite_MeteorIII> {{cite web |url=http://www.arbeitskreis-historischer-schiffbau.de/mitglieder/modelle/meteor3/ |title=METEOR III |last=Schwibode |first= Jürgen  |year= 2015|website=Guardian Yacht METEOR III |publisher=arbeitskreis-historischer-schiffbau |access-date=February 19, 2018 }} </ref><ref name=MN07_13-1946> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kaiser's Yacht Scrapped |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17553645/ |newspaper=The Morning News| page= 8  |location=Wilmington, Delaware |date=July 13, 1946 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=MN07_14-1946> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Yacht Now Scrap |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17596286/ |newspaper=Oakland Tribune| page =11  |location=Oakland, California |date=July 14, 1946 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref>

== Description ==
[[File:Meter III.jpg|thumb|''Meteor III'' (circa 1902) was based on the ''Yampa'' design.]]
''Meteor III'' had a overall length of {{convert|161|ft}} with {{convert|120|ft}} on the water line and a width of {{convert|27|ft}}. The draft was {{convert|15|ft}} and the sail area was {{convert|11,612|sqft}}.<ref name=BDE02_13_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Work on Meteor III almost finished |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17534922/ |newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle| page =17  |location= Brooklyn, New York |date=February 13, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=TheSun> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= Sail Plan of the Meteor III |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17630536/ |work= The Sun| page= 2  |location=New York, New York|date=February 13, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> Her cost was $150,000.{{sfn|White|1902|p=569}} ''Meteor III'' was the largest yacht in the world when made for the emperor.{{sfn|SA|1902|p=141}}<ref name=LJS02_25_1902/><ref name=DFP03_09_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meteor III tops them all. Kaiser's New Yacht is Largest in the World - He Has Instilled a Love for the Sea - Meteor III's Lines are Very Fast |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17533444/|newspaper=Detroit Free Press| page =18  |location=Detroit, Michigan |date=March 9, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}}|quote=Our yachts have not been equaled anywhere else, and by coming here for his latest yacht, which is the largest schooner yacht in the world, he has secured a specimen ship for his naval architects to study. }} </ref> The overall boat layout design was left to Smith, but the emperor participated in the interior arrangements.<ref name=TDD02_26_1902> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Meteor III / The Yankee-built yacht for the Emperor of Germany |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17630092/ |newspaper=Quad-City Times| page= 1  |location=Davenport, Iowa |date=February 26, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> The interior rooms were paneled with mahogany and decorated in colonial Adam's style.<ref name=TheSun2> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Decoration of Meteor III |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17648142/|work= The Sun| page=2  |location=New York, New York |date=February 26, 1902 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref> ''Meteor III,'' although mainly a pleasure craft with luxury accommodations, did participate in race events.<ref name=NYT11_7_1903> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Emperor's Yacht Coming |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17530859/ |work= The New York Times|  page=2  |location=New York, New York |date=November 7, 1903 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=DandC02_10_1905> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Four more Boats for Ocean Race |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17532549/ |newspaper=Democrat and Chronicle| page = 14  |location=Rochester, New York |date=February 10, 1905 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref><ref name=BS06_27_1904> {{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kaiser and King at Kiel |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17532846/ |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun| page=1 |location= Baltimore, Maryland |date= June 27, 1904 |via=Newspapers.com {{open access}} }} </ref>

[[File:Meteor III plan.jpg|thumb|center|upright=4|''Meteor III'' schooner yacht deck plan layout as shown in ''The New York Times'', January 4, 1902]]

== See also ==
*[[Engineering:Jefferson (yacht)|''Jefferson'' (yacht)]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite magazine|editor-last=Hallock|editor-first=Charles |title=German Emperor's New Schooner |magazine=Forest and Stream |publisher=Forest and Stream Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtwwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA194 |year=1902 |pages=194{{ndash}}196 }}
* {{cite magazine|editor-last1=Sleicher|editor-first1=John Albert |magazine=Leslie's Weekly |volume=XCIV |issue=2422 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=maErAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA128 |date=February 6, 1902 |publisher=F. Leslie |first1=A.J. |last1=Kenealy |title=Kaiser William's New Yacht |page=128 }}
* {{cite book|last=Leslie|first=Frank |work=The American Magazine |volume=53 |title=An Imperial American Yacht|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8RZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA540|year=1901|publisher=Frank Leslie Publishing House}}
* {{cite magazine|last=NYM|title=Article |magazine=The New Yorker |volume=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1FcQAAAAIAAJ |year=1946 |publisher=New Yorker Magazine, Incorporated}}
* {{cite magazine|last=SA|title=The Emperor's Yacht {{ndash}} "Meteor III" |volume=86 |magazine=Scientific American |date=March 1, 1902 |page=141 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6kzAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA141}}
* {{cite book|last=Seitz|first=Sharon |last2=Miller|first2=Stuart |title=Other Islands of New York City: A History and Guide |chapter=Prall's Island, Shooter's Island, and Isle of Meadow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRjMPZW4heMC&pg=PA319 |page=319 |date=2011 |publisher=Countryman Press |isbn=9781581578867}}
* {{cite magazine|editor-last1=Bigelow|editor-first1=Poultney|title=The Yachting Outlook |magazine=Outing |first1=W.P. |last1=Stephens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P1NhAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA121|year=1902 |publisher=Outing Publishing Company }}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Day|editor-first1=Thomas Fleming |title=The Rudder, Volume XVIII |first1=Winfield M. |last1=Thompson |chapter=Royal Yachts and Yachtsmen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CojAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA435 |page=435 |year=1907 |publisher=The Rudder Publishing Company |location=New York}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=White|editor-first=Trumbull |chapter=The German Emperor's American Yacht |title=Our Wonderful Progress |url=https://archive.org/details/ourwonderfulpro00whitgoog |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ourwonderfulpro00whitgoog/page/n507 568]{{ndash}}569 |year=1902 }}

== External links ==
{{Commons|Category:Meteor III (ship 1902)|Meteor III yacht}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ac6XJyXKh2k Video of launching ''Meteor III'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meteor III}}
[[Category:Schooners]]

{{Sourceattribution|Meteor III|1}}