View source for Engineering:Mil Mi-1

{{Short description|Soviet light utility helicopter}}
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  |name= Mi-1
  |image= File:Mil Mi-1 Московский вертолетный завод.jpg
  |caption= Mil Mi-1 in flight 
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
  |type= [[Engineering:Helicopter|Helicopter]]
  |manufacturer= Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and other Soviet national plants,<br> WSK PZL-Świdnik,
  |designer=
  |first flight= 20 September 1948<ref name=ugolok>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/uh/mi1.html|title=Миль Ми-1|website=www.airwar.ru}}</ref>
  |introduction= 1950
  |retired=
  |status=
  |primary user= {{wipe|Soviet Air Force}}
  |more users= 
  |produced =1950–1965
  |number built= >2,594 
  |unit cost=
  |developed from=
  |variants with their own articles = [[Engineering:PZL SM-2|PZL SM-2]]
}}
|}

The '''Mil Mi-1''' (USAF/DoD reporting name '''"Type 32"''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html|title=Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles|website=designation-systems.net}}</ref> NATO reporting name '''"Hare"'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Helicopter|title = Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles}}</ref>)  was a [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet]] three- or four-seat light utility [[Engineering:Helicopter|helicopter]]. It was the first Soviet helicopter to enter serial production. It is powered by one {{cvt|575|hp|kW}} Ivchenko AI-26V radial piston engine. It entered service in 1950 and was first seen on the 1951 Soviet Aviation Day, Tushino and was produced for 16 years.  More than 1,000 were built in the USSR and 1,594 in Poland, as '''SM-1'''.

==Development==
Mikhail Mil began work on rotary-winged aircraft before 1930, but the Mi-1, his first production helicopter, was begun in 1946, under a designation '''EG-1'''. In 1947 Mil became a head of OKB-4 design bureau in Tushino, and works were intensified. A final design was named '''GM-1''' (for ''Gyelikopter Mila'', Mil's Helicopter). Soviet engineers tried to create a completely original design. So, they made a rotor hub with spaced vertical and horizontal hinges. This design increased the efficiency of helicopter control and was much simpler than that used on American helicopters. The prototype completed first free flight on 20 September 1948 (pilot Mikhail Baikalov).<ref name=ugolok/> In 1949 it underwent official state trials. Despite crashes of two prototypes,<ref>On 24 November 1948, in which Mikhail Baikalov bailed out, and on 7 March 1949, in which Baikalov died</ref> the design was an overall success, and after further work, was ordered for a production, under a new designation '''Mi-1''', for Mil initials. The production was initially limited — the first series of only 15 machines was ordered on 21 February 1950, in factory No.3 in Moscow. Only after presentation to {{wipe|Joseph Stalin}} in 1951, the authorities decided to increase production. In 1952–1953, 30 Mi-1 were manufactured in Kazan, and from 1954 a mass production started in Orenburg and from 1956 in Rostov (current Rostvertol).<ref name=ugolok/> The design was a subject of further improvements during production, mostly increasing reliability (especially as rotor technology was changing). Period between repair increased to 300 hours in Mi-1T (hence a letter T for ''trekhsotchasovoi'', 300-hour), 600 in Mi-1A, then to 1,000 and 3,000 hours by the end of production.
[[File:07-Yellow at the IHM (9569696520).jpg|thumb|Early three-seater Mi-1 variant in The Helicopter Museum]]
[[File:Mi-1m museum.jpg|thumb|Mil Mi-1M]]
All early variants seated the pilot in front and two passengers behind him, in a common cabin.<ref name=tbu>Grzegorzewski, 1975 and [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/uh/mi1.html Mi-1 at Ugolok neba]</ref> The first production variant was Mi-1, quickly replaced by improved '''Mi-1T''', that carried extra operational equipment including full radio and blind-flying instruments, and had more reliable engine AI-26V.<ref name=tbu-t>Grzegorzewski, 1975 and [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/uh/mi1t.html Mi-1T at Ugolok neba]</ref> The next basic variant was the '''Mi-1A''' of 1957, with further increased reliability and provisions for one 160 L external fuel tank.<ref name=tbu-a>Grzegorzewski, 1975 and [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/uh/mi1a.html Mi-1A at Ugolok neba]</ref>

A new major variant, '''Mi-1M''' in 1957 introduced an enlarged cabin and the more powerful AI-26VF engine, which allowed the accommodation of three passengers on a bench behind the pilot. Cabin height increased from 1.22 to 1.26 m and width from 1.01 to 1.2 m. A noticeable difference was horizontal bottom windows line instead of slanted, with bigger rear side windows, and a less pointed fuselage nose. It could also be fitted with two external side capsules for the injured or mail.<ref name=tbu-m>Grzegorzewski, 1975 and [http://www.airwar.ru/enc/uh/mi1m.html Mi-1M at Ugolok neba]</ref> There were trials of an armed anti-tank variant '''Mi-1MU''' carried in 1961, being the first Soviet attack helicopter, but it did not enter production due to having a small payload and the cessation of production of the basic variant.<ref name=vert>Jakubovich, Nikolay. ''Boevye vertolety Rossii. Ot "Omegi" do "Alligatora"''. Moscow, Yuza & Eksmo, 2010, {{ISBN|978-5-699-41797-1}}, pp.30-33.</ref>

Well over 1,000 of all variants were built in the USSR, including a proportion of dual-control trainers (with U suffix): '''Mi-1U, TU, AU, MU''', with the instructor seated behind a trainee. 15 were produced in Moscow in 1950, 30 in Kazan in 1952–1953, 597 in Orenburg in 1954–1958 and 370 in Rostov in 1956–1960.<ref name=ugolok/> In 1956, license-production of the four-seat model began in Poland, at WSK PZL-Świdnik, where 1,594 were built until 1965, under the designation '''SM-1'''.<ref>Krzyżan, Marian. ''Samoloty w muzeach polskich''. Warsaw, WKiŁ, 1983. {{ISBN|978-83-206-0432-0}}, p.124.</ref> Several new versions were developed at Świdnik, including the [[Engineering:PZL SM-2|SM-2]] five-seater, with a new fuselage.

Several international records in its class were broken with the Mi-1 or SM-2.<ref name=tbu0>Grzegorzewski, 1975.</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Mil Mi-1M General Purpose Light Helicopter, at the Ukrainian State Aviation Museum.jpg|thumb|Soviet Mil Mi-1M]]
;GM-1
:The original designation of the Mil Mi-1 prototypes, powered by a AI-26GR {{cvt|500|-|550|hp|kW}} radial engine (later AI-26GRF).
;Mi-1
:Three-seat light general-purpose helicopter, seating a pilot and two passengers, powered by a AI-26GRF {{cvt|575|hp|kW}} radial piston engine. Initial production model.
;Mi-1T
[[File:SM-1 RB2.jpg|right|thumb|SM-1W (Polish produced Mi-1M)]]
:Three-seat general-purpose transport helicopter, seating a pilot and two passengers, powered by a AI-26V radial piston engine.
;Mi-1KR (TKR)
:Light reconnaissance and liaison helicopter of 1956, basing on Mi-1T.<ref name=tbu-t/>
;Mi-1NKh
:Three-seat general-purpose utility helicopter, basing on Mi-1T. Designed to be used as an agricultural aircraft, air ambulance, passenger transport, air mail, freight transport helicopter (NKh—''narodnoye khozyastvo—''National Economy).
;Mi-1A
:Three-seat general-purpose transport helicopter of 1957, seating a pilot and two passengers, with increased reliability.
;Mi-1AKR
:Light reconnaissance and liaison helicopter, basing on Mi-1A.<ref name=tbu-a/>
;Mi-1U/TU/AU/MU
:Dual-control training helicopter variants (respectively, of basic Mi-1, T, A and M models).
;Mi-1M
:Four-seat light general-purpose helicopter of 1957, seating a pilot and three passengers. Visible changes are: raised roof above a cabin, blunter nose shape, and horizontal bottom windows' line instead of slanted.
;Mi-1M Moskvich
:Civil transport helicopter for Aeroflot, with better cabin soundproofing, equipped with hydraulic controls and an all-metal rotor.
;Mi-1MNKh
[[File:Mi-1.jpg|thumb|Four-seater Mi-1M]]
:Four-seat general-purpose utility helicopter, basing on Mi-1M. Designed to be used as an agricultural aircraft, air ambulance, passenger transport, air mail, freight transport helicopter (NKh—n''arodnoye khozyastvo—''National Economy).
;Mi-1MG
:Float-equipped version of the Mi-1M for whaling ships, of 1958 (2 made).<ref name=tbu-m/>
;Mi-1MRK
:Prototype of a liaison helicopter, basing on Mi-1M (''razvedyvatelno-korrektirovochnoi—''reconnaissance-artillery correcting), tested in 1960-1962.<ref name=vert/>
;Mi-1MU
:Prototype of an armed variant, tested from 1961, with four 3M11 Falanga (''AT-2'') or six 9M14 Malyutka (''AT-3'') anti-tank missiles.<ref name=vert/>
;SM-1 (SM-1/300)
:Polish production version, powered by a LiT-3 radial piston engine. The Mil Mi-1 helicopter built by WSK PZL-Świdnik under licence in Poland.
;SM-1/600
:Polish production version with increased reliability of 600 hours, of 1957 (factory designation).<ref name=tbu0/>
;SM-1Sz
:Dual-control training helicopter.
;SM-1W
:Polish production version of the Mi-1M, of 1960.
;SM-1Wb
:Polish production version of the Mi-1M, of 1963, with increased reliability of 800 hours (factory designation).<ref name=tbu0/>
;SM-1WS
:Air ambulance helicopter.
[[File:Sm-2.JPG|thumb|right|SM-2]]
;SM-1WSz
:Dual-control training helicopter.
;SM-1WZ
:Agricultural helicopter.
;[[Engineering:PZL SM-2|SM-2]]
:Improved Polish version with a stretched fuselage, seating a pilot and four passengers.
;Mi-3
:Improved version with four bladed main rotor. Designation reused for a planned [[Engineering:Mil Mi-2|Mi-2]] derivative.<ref name=JAWA58-59>{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1958-59 |editor1-last=Bridgman |editor1-first=Leonard |year=1958 |publisher=Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Co. Ltd. |location=London |page=225}}</ref>

==Operators==
; {{flagicon|Kingdom of Afghanistan}} Afghanistan
* {{wipe|Afghan Air Force}}<ref name=" 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 575">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202086.html|title = 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 575|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref> 
; {{ALB}}
* Albanian Air Force<ref name="1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 575"/>
; {{DZA}}
* {{wipe|Algerian Air Force}}<ref name="1972 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 749">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%203130.html|title = 1972 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 749 |publisher= Flight |access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{flagicon|People's Republic of Bulgaria}} Bulgaria
* {{wipe|Bulgarian Air Force}}<ref name="1972 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 749"/>
[[File:Belarus-Vitsebsk-Aeroclub-Mi-1-4.jpg|thumb|Some early three-seater Mi-1 variant]]
; {{CHN}}
* {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202086.html|title= 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 576|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{CUB}}
* {{wipe|Cuban Air Force}}<ref name="WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%201258.html |title = WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 1967|access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{CZS}}
* {{wipe|Czechoslovakian Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%202001.html |title=1973 World Air Forces pg. 144 |publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{DDR}}
* East German Air Force<ref name=" 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 577">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202091.html|title = 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 577|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{EGY}}
* {{wipe|Egyptian Air Force}}<ref name=" 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 577"/>
; {{FIN}}
* {{wipe|Finnish Air Force}}<ref name=" WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967"/>
[[File:Mil Mi-1fi.jpg|thumb|Mil Mi-1 of the Finnish Air Force]]
; {{flagicon|HPR}} Hungary
* {{wipe|Hungarian Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202092.html|title= 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 578|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{INA}}
* {{wipe|Indonesian Air Force}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/TNIAUOfficial/videos/perjalanang-sang-legendaris/2093649943994281/|title=Perjalanang Sang Legendaris - TNI Angkatan Udara|via=www.facebook.com}}</ref>
; {{flag|Iraq|1963}}
* {{wipe|Iraqi Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%201259.html|title=Helicopter World Market 1967 |publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{MGL}}
* {{wipe|Mongolian People's Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202093.html|title= 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 579|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Mil Mi-1 Hun 1.jpg|thumb|Mi-1M with side capsules for the injured]]
; {{PRK}}
* {{wipe|North Korean Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1972/1972%20-%203137.html |title= 1972 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 752|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{flagicon|PPR}} {{wipe|Poland}}
* {{wipe|Polish Air Force}}<ref name=" 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 580">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202094.html |title = 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 580|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2014 |access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref> 
;{{flagicon|RSR}} [[Place:Socialist Republic of Romania|Socialist Republic of Romania]]
* {{wipe|Romanian Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%202012.html|title=1973 World Air Forces pg. 155 |publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
; {{USSR}}
* Aeroflot<ref name="WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967 pg. 65">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%201263.html|title = WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967 pg. 65|publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 1967|access-date= 21 October 2014}}</ref>
* {{wipe|Soviet Air Force}}<ref name=" 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 580"/>
; {{SYR}}
* {{wipe|Syrian Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url=  http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201211.html|title=Helicopter World Market 1968 pg. 55|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
;{{flag|United Arab Republic}}
*[[Place:United Arab Republic|UAR Air Force]]<ref name=" WORLD HELICOPTER MARKET 1967 pg. 65"/>
;{{VNM}}
*{{wipe|Vietnam People's Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%202097.html|title= 1971 Military Helicopter Market Pg. 581|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>
;{{flag|Yemen|1927}}
*{{wipe|Yemeni Air Force}}<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%201269.html|title=Helicopter World Market 1967 pg. 71|publisher=flight |access-date=21 October 2014}}</ref>

==Specifications (SM-1W)==
[[File:Mil Mi-1 schema.png|400px|right|3-view line drawing of the Mil Mi-1]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1965–66<ref name="jawa65p115">{{harvnb|Taylor|1965|p=115}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|capacity=3 passengers 
|length m=12.10
|length note=(fuselage length), {{convert|17.00|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (overall length)
|height m=3.30
|height note=
|airfoil=NACA 230 (rotor blades)
|empty weight kg=1760
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=2460
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|240|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Ivchenko AI-26V
|eng1 type=seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine
|eng1 hp=575
|eng1 note=

|rot number=1
|rot dia m=14.35
|rot area sqm=161.7
|rot area note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=170
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=600
|range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=3000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=1043
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|more performance=
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
*Mil Mi-3
|similar aircraft=
*[[Engineering:Sikorsky H-5|Sikorsky H-5]]
*Bristol Sycamore
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*Grzegorzewski, Jerzy: ''Śmigłowiec Mi-1'', Typy Broni i Uzbrojenia nr.38, MON, Warsaw, 1975 {{in lang|pl}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Taylor |editor-first=John W. R. |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1965–1966 |year=1965 |location=London |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060514065019/http://www.aviation.ru/Mi/#1 Mil]

==External links==
{{Commons|Mil Mi-1}}
* [http://worldweapon.ru/vertuski/mi1.php Drawings of Mi-1 variants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226042716/http://worldweapon.ru/vertuski/mi1.php |date=2009-02-26 }}
* [http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_233.html Walkaround Mi-1 (Kiev's Aviation Museum, Ukraine)]

{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}


[[Category:Military helicopters|Mi-01]]
[[Category:Single-engined piston helicopters]]

{{Sourceattribution|Mil Mi-1}}