View source for Engineering:NOAA-19

{{Short description|Weather satellite}}
{{Infobox spaceflight|auto=all
| name              = NOAA-19
| names_list        = NOAA-N'<br/>NOAA-N Prime
| image             = NOAA-N' satellite in Vandenberg AFB clean room.jpg
| image_caption     = NOAA-19 before launch
| image_size        = 300px

| mission_type      = [[Engineering:Weather satellite|Weather]]
| operator          = [[Organization:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
| COSPAR_ID         = 2009-005A
| SATCAT            = 33591
| mission_duration  = 2 years (planned) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/noaa-n.htm|title=NOAA 18, 19 (NOAA N, N')|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=December 9, 2013}}</ref><br/>{{time interval|February 6, 2009|show=ymd|sep=,}} (elapsed)

| spacecraft_type   = [[Engineering:Television Infrared Observation Satellite|TIROS]]
| spacecraft_bus    = Advanced TIROS-N
| manufacturer      = [[Company:Lockheed Martin|Lockheed Martin]]

| launch_mass       = {{cvt|1440|kg}} <ref name="nssdc">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-005A|title=Display: NOAA 19 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020 |access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| dry_mass          = 
| payload_mass      = 
| dimensions        = {{cvt|4.19|m}} of long<br/>{{cvt|1.88|m}} of diameter
| power             =

| launch_date       = 6 February 2009,<br/>10:22:00 [[Physics:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]<ref name="launchlog">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|first=Jonathan |last=McDowell|publisher=Jonathan's Space Report|access-date=December 9, 2013}}</ref>
| launch_rocket     = [[Engineering:Delta II|Delta II]] 7320-10C<br/>(Delta D338) <ref name=ULA>{{cite web|title=NOAA-N Prime Mission Overview Booklet |url=http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Mission_Booklets/DII/dii_noaanprime_mob.pdf|website=ulalaunch.com|publisher=United Launch Alliance|access-date=June 6, 2015|date=2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051358/http://www.ulalaunch.com/uploads/docs/Mission_Booklets/DII/dii_noaanprime_mob.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| launch_site       = {{wipe|Vandenberg Air Force Base}}, SLC-2W
| launch_contractor = [[Company:United Launch Alliance|United Launch Alliance]]

| entered_service   = 6 June 2009 <ref name="OSPO-NOAA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Operations/POES/status.html|title=POES Operational Status|date=22 March 2019|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref> 
| disposal_type     = 
| deactivated       = 
| last_contact      =

| orbit_reference   = [[Astronomy:Geocentric orbit|Geocentric orbit]]<ref name="Trajectory">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/displayTrajectory.action?id=2009-005A|title=Trajectory: NOAA-19 2020-005A |publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
| orbit_regime      = [[Astronomy:Sun-synchronous orbit|Sun-synchronous orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis   = {{cvt|846|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis    = {{cvt|866|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 98.70°
| orbit_period      = 102.00 minutes
| apsis             = gee

| instruments_list = {{Infobox spaceflight/Instruments
  | acronym1 = AVHRR/3       | name1 = Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
  | acronym2 = HIRS/4        | name2 = High Resolution Infrared Sounder
  | acronym3 = SEM-2         | name3 = Space Environment Monitor
  | acronym4 = Argos ADCS    | name4 = Advanced Data Collection System
  | acronym5 = SARSAT        | name5 = Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System
  | acronym6 = SBUV/2        | name6 = Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer
  | acronym7 = AMSU-A        | name7 = Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit
  | acronym8 = MHS           | name8 = Microwave Humidity Sounder
}}

| programme         = [[Engineering:Television Infrared Observation Satellite|TIROS program]]
| previous_mission  = [[Engineering:NOAA-18|NOAA-18]]
| next_mission      = [[Engineering:Suomi NPP|Suomi NPP]]
}}

'''NOAA-19''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NOAA-N-Prime/overview/index.html|title=NOAA-N Prime Overview|publisher=NASA|access-date=February 6, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> known as '''NOAA-N'''' (NOAA-N Prime) before launch, is the last of the American [[Organization:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA) series of weather satellites. NOAA-19 was launched on 6 February 2009. NOAA-19 is in an afternoon [[Astronomy:Sun-synchronous orbit|Sun-synchronous orbit]] and is intended to replace NOAA-18 as the prime afternoon spacecraft.<ref name="Display">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2009-005A|title=Display: NOAA-19 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=6 January 2021}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Launch ==
On 4 November 2008, NASA announced that the satellite had arrived at Vandenberg aboard a [[Engineering:Lockheed C-5 Galaxy|Lockheed C-5 Galaxy]] military transport aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2008/release-20081104b.html|title=NOAA-N Prime Satellite Arrives At Vandenberg For Launch|date=November 4, 2008|publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Installation of the payload fairing took place 27 January 2009; second stage propellant was loaded on 31 January 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/status/2009/elvstatus-20090123.html|title=Expendable Launch Vehicle Status Report|date=January 23, 2009|publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

Several attempts were made to conduct the launch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2009/release-20090204b.html|title=NASA - NOAA-N Prime Satellite Launch Reset for February 5 |website=nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|access-date=August 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2009/release-20090205.html|title=NASA - NOAA-N Prime Satellite Launch Rescheduled for Friday, February 6|website=nasa.gov|access-date=August 19, 2017}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> The first attempt, 4 February 2009, was scrubbed after a failure was detected in a [[Engineering:Launch pad|launch pad]] gaseous nitrogen pressurization system. The second attempt, 5 February 2009, was scrubbed after the failure of a payload fairing air conditioning compressor, which is also part of the [[Engineering:Ground support equipment|ground support equipment]] at the launch pad.

The satellite was successfully launched at 10:22 UTC on 6 February 2009 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osd.noaa.gov/Spacecraft%20Systems/Pollar_Orbiting_Sat/NOAA_N_Prime/noaanprime.html|title=NOAA-N Prime (NOAA-19) Satellite|publisher=NOAA|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224183422/http://www.osd.noaa.gov/Spacecraft%20Systems/Pollar_Orbiting_Sat/NOAA_N_Prime/noaanprime.html|archive-date=February 24, 2015}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> aboard a [[Engineering:Delta II|Delta II]] flying in the [[Engineering:Delta II#Naming system|7320-10C configuration]] from {{wipe|Vandenberg Air Force Base}} (VAFB).

== Instruments ==
NOAA-N Prime carries a suite of eight instruments that provides data for weather and climate predictions. Like its predecessors, NOAA-N Prime provides global images of clouds and surface features and vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity for use in numerical weather and ocean forecast models, as well as data on ozone distribution in the upper part of the atmosphere, and near-Earth space environments — information important for the marine, aviation, power generation, agriculture, and other communities. The NOAA-N Prime primary instruments — the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3), High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4), and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A) — were all designed for a three-year mission. The Space Environment Monitor (SEM/2) is fitted to the satellite and is composed of Total Energy Detector (TED) and MEPED (Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector). The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral Radiometer (SBUV/2) was designed for a two-year mission, and the Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) instrument was designed for a five-year mission.<ref name="GSFC">{{cite web|title=NOAA-N Prime|work=NP-2008-10-056-GSFC|publisher=NASA Goddard Space Flight Center|date=December 16, 2008|url=http://www.osd.noaa.gov/Spacecraft%20Systems/Pollar_Orbiting_Sat/NOAA_N_Prime/NOAA_NP_Booklet.pdf|access-date=October 8, 2010|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216120005/http://www.osd.noaa.gov/Spacecraft%20Systems/Pollar_Orbiting_Sat/NOAA_N_Prime/NOAA_NP_Booklet.pdf|archive-date=February 16, 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> NOAA-19 also hosts [[Organization:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme|Cospas-Sarsat]] payloads.<ref name="Instrument8"/>

=== Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3) ===
The [[Engineering:Advanced very-high-resolution radiometer|Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3]] (AVHRR/3) is the primary imaging system and consists of [[Physics:Visible spectrum|visible]], [[Physics:Infrared|near infrared]] (IR) and [[Physics:Thermal radiation|thermal IR]] channels. The AVHRR, built by [[Company:ITT Inc.|ITT]], observes vegetation, clouds, and the surface of bodies of water, shorelines, snow, aerosols and ice. The instrument has a scan mirror that continuously rotates and scans the [[Astronomy:Earth|Earth]] at six revolutions per second to provide continuous coverage.<ref name="Instrument1">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-01|title=AVHRR/3 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV/2) ===
The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer/2 (SBUV/2) instrument is both an imager and a sounder. As an imager, it produces total column ozone maps. As a sounder, it obtains and measures the ozone distribution in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. The SBUV, built by Ball Aerospace, is a long-term monitoring device that takes global measurements and observes how elements in the atmosphere change over time. Each channel on the [[Nadir|nadir-pointing]] SBUV detects a particular [[Physics:Ultraviolet|near-ultraviolet]] wavelength whose intensity depends on the ozone density at a particular height in the atmosphere. The SBUV includes a Cloud Cover Radiometer that provides information on the amount of cloud cover in an image and removes the effects of the clouds from the data.<ref name="Instrument2">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-02|title=SBUV/2 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) ===
The [[Engineering:Microwave humidity sounder|Microwave Humidity Sounder]] (MHS), built by [[Company:Astrium|EADS Astrium]] and donated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), is a five-channel microwave instrument intended primarily to measure profiles of atmospheric humidity.<ref name="Instrument3">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-03|title=MHS 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/4) ===
HIRS/4, built by ITT, has 19 infrared channels and one visible channel. The instrument principally measures [[Chemistry:Carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide]], [[Chemistry:Water|water]] and [[Chemistry:Ozone|ozone]]. These measurements allow scientists to determine the amount of each of these gases in the atmosphere and the altitude at which they appear.<ref name="Instrument4">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-04 |title=HIRS/4 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A) ===
AMSU-A, built by [[Company:Northrop Grumman|Northrop Grumman]], has 15 channels and continuously scans the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, measuring naturally emitted microwave signals radiated by the Earth's surface and atmosphere.<ref name="Instrument5">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-05|title=AMSU-A 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Space Environment Monitor (SEM-2) ===
The Space Environment Monitor (SEM-2) was built by Panametrics, now Assurance Technology Corporation. It provides measurements to determine the intensity of the Earth's radiation belts and the flux of charged particles at satellite altitude. The SEM-2 consists of two separate sensor units and a common Data Processing Unit (DPU). The sensor units are the Total Energy Detector (TED) and the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED).<ref name="Instrument6">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-06|title=SEM-2 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) ===
The [[Engineering:Argos (satellite system)|Advanced Data Collection System]] (ADCS), provided by [[Organization:CNES|CNES]] in France, measures environmental factors such as atmospheric temperature and pressure and the velocity and direction of ocean and wind currents. Data is collected from various transmitting devices on platforms (e.g., buoys, free-floating balloons and remote weather stations). Transmitters are even placed on migratory animals, sea turtles, bears, and other animals. Data is transmitted to the spacecraft for storage and subsequent transmission from the satellite to the ground. The stored data is transmitted once per orbit.<ref name="Instrument7">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-07|title=ADCS 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

=== SARSAT ===
The [[Organization:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme|Search And Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking]] (SARSAT) system. The Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR), built by the Department of National Defense in Canada, and the Search and Rescue Processor (SARP), built by Centre National d'Études Spatiales ([[Organization:CNES|CNES]]), detect distress calls sent from emergency beacons on-board aircraft and boats and carried by people in remote areas. The instruments on the spacecraft transmit the data to ground receiving stations or local user terminals where the location of the emergency signals is determined by [[Physics:Doppler effect|Doppler processing]].<ref name="Instrument8">{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=2009-005A-08|title=SARSAT 2009-005A|publisher=NASA|date=14 May 2020|access-date=26 December 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

== Damage during manufacture ==
[[File:NOAA-N' accident.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|NOAA-N Prime after falling over during construction, on 6 September 2003.]]

On 6 September 2003 at 15:28 UTC, the satellite was badly damaged while being worked on at the [[Company:Lockheed Martin Space|Lockheed Martin Space Systems]] factory in Sunnyvale, California. The spacecraft fell to the floor as it reached 13° of tilt while being rotated. The satellite fell as a team was turning it from a vertical to a horizontal position. A [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] inquiry into the mishap determined that it was caused by a lack of procedural discipline throughout the facility. While the turn-over cart used during the procedure was in storage, a technician removed twenty-four bolts securing an adapter plate to it without documenting the action. The team subsequently using the cart to turn the satellite failed to check the bolts, as specified in the procedure, before attempting to move the satellite.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=15189|date=October 4, 2004|title=NOAA-N-Prime Satellite Mishap Investigation Report Released|publisher=SpaceRef|access-date=June 14, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NOAA N-Prime Mishap Investigation Final Report |url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/65776main_noaa_np_mishap.pdf |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> Repairs to the satellite cost US$135 million. Lockheed Martin agreed to forfeit all profit from the project to help pay for repair costs; they later took a US$30 million charge relating to the incident. The remainder of the repair costs were paid by the United States government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.space.com/417-lockheed-martin-profits-pay-noaa-prime-repairs.html|title=Lockheed Martin Profits To Pay for NOAA N-Prime Repairs|publisher=space.com|author=Bates, Jason|access-date=June 19, 2016|date=October 11, 2004}}</ref>

== Replacement ==
The NOAA series was scheduled to be replaced by a next-generation [[Engineering:NPOESS|NPOESS]] series before that project was cancelled. Instead [[Engineering:Suomi NPP|Suomi NPP]] was launched in 2011 as a bridge to the [[Engineering:Joint Polar Satellite System|Joint Polar Satellite System]] (JPSS). The first JPSS satellite was launched in 2017.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/65776main_noaa_np_mishap.pdf NOAA N-PRIME Mishap Investigation Final Report], 13 September 2004
* [https://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/%7Emap/weather/notes/2003-06-03_noaa-n_prime_anomaly.jpg Picture of accident]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/NOAA-N-Prime/main/index.html NASA webpage for the NOAA-N' Mission]
* [https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Operations/POES/status.html#noaa19 NOAA Satellite Status Information]
* [https://www.karhukoti.com/webtracker?s=33591 Complete Orbital Tracking Location Details For Users]
* [https://uphere.space/satellites/33591 Orbital Tracking]

{{TIROS}}

[[Category:Weather satellites of the United States]]
[[Category:Argos (satellite system)]]

{{Sourceattribution|NOAA-19}}