View source for Engineering:Ohio-class submarine

{{short description|Class of US nuclear ballistic missile submarines}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
|+''Ohio''-class submarine
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = SSBN726 Ohio.svg
| Ship caption = ''Ohio''-class SSBN profile
}}
|-
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:Good Luck Ohio.JPEG|border|300px]]
|Ship caption={{USS|Ohio|SSGN-726|6}}, during her commissioning ceremony in 1981.}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Ohio'' class
|Builders=General Dynamics Electric Boat<ref name="FAS">{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/slbm/ssbn-726.htm |title=Ohio-class SSGN-726 Overview |publisher=[[Organization:Federation of American Scientists|Federation of American Scientists]] |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314030321/https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/slbm/ssbn-726.htm |archive-date=14 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|Operators={{navy|United States}}<ref name="FAS" />
|Class before={{sclass|Benjamin Franklin|submarine|4}}
|Class after={{sclass|Columbia|submarine|4}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2016/07/28/ohio-replacement-sub-class-named-d-c|title=New U.S. Navy Nuclear Sub Class to Be Named for D.C.|date=28 July 2016|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730225102/https://news.usni.org/2016/07/28/ohio-replacement-sub-class-named-d-c|archive-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
|Subclasses=
|Cost=$2 billion (late 1990s)<ref name="Frost"/> 
(${{format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|2e9|1997}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars{{Inflation-fn|US-GDP}})
|Built range=1976–1997
|In service range=
|In commission range= 1981–present
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=24
|Total ships completed=18
|Total ships cancelled=6
|Total ships active=18
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=SSBN/SSGN (hull design SCB-304)<ref name="Adcock440">{{cite book |last=Adcock |first=Al. |title=U.S. Ballistic Missile Submarines |publisher=Squadron Signal |place=Carrolltown, Texas |year=1993 |pages=4, 40 |isbn=978-0-89747-293-7}}</ref>
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|16764|t|LT}} surfaced<ref name="FAS" /><ref name="Frost">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-local_subs_0424apr24,0,5810806.story |title=Newport News contract awarded |newspaper=Daily Press |last=Frost |first=Peter |access-date=2011-09-27 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426041620/http://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-local_subs_0424apr24,0,5810806.story |archive-date=26 April 2009}}</ref>
*{{convert|18750|t|LT}} submerged<ref name="FAS" />
|Ship length={{convert|560|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAS" />
|Ship beam={{convert|42|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FAS" />
|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft={{convert|35.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} maximum<ref name="Adcock_p40">{{cite book |last=Adcock |first=Al |title=U.S. Ballistic Missile Submarines |publisher=Squadron Signal |place=Carrolltown, Texas |year=1993 |page=40 |isbn=978-0-89747-293-7}}</ref>
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*1× S8G [[Engineering:Pressurized water reactor|PWR]] nuclear reactor<ref name="FAS" />
*2× geared turbines; {{convert|35000|shp|MW|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite book |section=Part II.6 Trident |title=Appendices: Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy |date=June 1975 |volume=IV: Appendix K: Adequacy of Current Organization: Defense and Arms Control |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_cGt811AcQC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |pages=177–179 |access-date=14 January 2023 |quote= The projected boat would have a 30,000 ton displacement and would be powered by two 30,000 shp reactors... ...both the submarine and the missile grew incrementally in size to their current dimensions — the missile by six inches in diameter and four to five feet in length; the submarine by 5,000 shp in reactor output...}}</ref>
*1x [[Company:Fairbanks Morse|Fairbanks Morse]] auxiliary diesel<ref name="Adcock_p40" />
*1× {{convert|325|hp|kW|abbr=on}} auxiliary motor
*1 shaft with seven-bladed screw<ref name="Adcock_p40" />
|Ship speed=*{{convert|12|kn}} surfaced<ref name="FAS" />
*{{convert|20|kn}} submerged (official)<ref name="FAS" />
*{{convert|25|kn}} submerged (reported)<ref name="FAS" />
|Ship range=Limited only by food supplies
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=+{{convert|800|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://navalpost.com/how-deep-can-a-submarine-dive/ |title=How deep can a submarine dive?|publisher=navalpost.com|date=26 April 2021|access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
|Ship complement=15 officers, 140 enlisted<ref name="FAS" /><ref name="Frost" />
|Ship sensors=*BQQ-6 passive bow-mounted array<ref name="FAS" /> (which includes BQS-13 fire control array)<ref name="Adcock_p41">{{cite book |last=Adcock |first=Al |title=U.S. Ballistic Missile Submarines |publisher=Squadron Signal |place=Carrolltown, Texas|year=1993 |page=41 |isbn=978-0-89747-293-7}}</ref>
*BQR-19 navigation<ref name="FAS" />
*TB-16<ref name="FAS" /> or BQR-23 towed array<ref name="Adcock_p41" />
*BQR-25 conformal array<ref name="Adcock_p41" />
*The AN/BPS-15J [https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2166767/anbps-1516-radar/]
|Ship armament=4 × 21 inch (533 mm) Mark 48 torpedo tubes (Forward Compartment 4th level)
|Ship EW=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=(SSBN-726 to SSBN-733 from construction to refueling)
|Ship armament=20{{efn|name=reduction|Each hull initially started out with 24 missile tubes. This number was reduced to 20 in 2017 due to the New START treaty}} × Trident I C4 SLBM with up to 8 MIRVed 100&nbsp;kt<sub>TNT</sub> W76 nuclear warheads each, range {{convert|4000|nmi|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=(SSBN-734 and subsequent hulls upon construction, SSBN-730 to SSBN-733 since refueling)
|Ship armament=20{{efn|name=reduction|Each hull initially started out with 24 missile tubes. This number was reduced to 20 in 2017 due to the New START treaty}} × Trident II D5 SLBM with up to 12 MIRVed W76 or W88 (475&nbsp;kt<sub>TNT</sub>) nuclear warheads each, range {{convert|6100|nmi|abbr=on}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=(SSGN conversion)
|Ship armament=22 tubes, each with 7 Tomahawk cruise missiles, totaling 154
}}
|}

The '''''Ohio'' class''' of [[Engineering:Nuclear submarine|nuclear-powered submarines]] includes the United States Navy's 14 [[Engineering:Ballistic missile submarine|ballistic missile submarine]]s (SSBNs) and its four cruise missile submarines (SSGNs). Each [[Engineering:Displacement (ship)|displacing]] 18,750 tons submerged, the ''Ohio''-class boats are the largest submarines ever built for the U.S. Navy. They are also the third-largest submarines ever built, behind the Russian Navy's [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet]] era 48,000-ton {{sclass2|Typhoon|submarine|4}}, the last of which was retired in 2023,{{efn|The last boat of the Typhoon-class, ''Dmitriy Donskoi'', was confirmed by Russia, in February 2023, as deactivated.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Russia loses world's largest nuclear submarine |first=Brendan |last=Cole |date=2023-02-06 |magazine=Newsweek |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donskoy-submarine-russia-nuclear-donskoy-1779194 |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120020309/https://www.newsweek.com/donskoy-submarine-russia-nuclear-donskoy-1779194 |archive-date=2023-11-20 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/941.htm|title=941 Typhoon|publisher=Fas.org|work=[[Organization:Federation of American Scientists|Federation of American Scientists]]|date=25 August 2000|access-date=27 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811175029/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/941.htm|archive-date=11 August 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> and 24,000-ton {{sclass|Borei|submarine|4}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/935.htm|title=935 Borei|publisher=Fas.org|work=[[Organization:Federation of American Scientists|Federation of American Scientists]]|date=13 July 2000|access-date=27 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119154001/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/slbm/935.htm|archive-date=19 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Capable of carrying 24 Trident II missiles apiece, the ''Ohio'' class are equipped with just as many missiles, if not more, than either the Borei class (16) or the deactivated ''Typhoon'' class (20).

Like their predecessors the {{sclass|Benjamin Franklin|submarine|5}} and {{sclass|Lafayette|submarine|0}},{{sfn|Chant|2005|p=33}} the ''Ohio''-class SSBNs are part of the United States' nuclear-deterrent triad, along with {{wipe|U.S. Air Force}} [[Engineering:Strategic bomber|strategic bomber]]s and intercontinental ballistic missiles.{{sfn|Chinworth|2006|p=2}} The 14 SSBNs together carry about half of U.S. active strategic [[Engineering:Thermonuclear weapon|thermonuclear]] warheads. Although the Trident missiles have no preset targets when the submarines go on patrol,<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Croddy |editor1-first=Eric A. |editor2-last=Wirtz |editor2-first=James J. |title=Weapons of Mass Destruction: Nuclear weapons |date=2005 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-490-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlNgS70OHAC |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|392}} they can be given targets quickly, from the United States Strategic Command based in Nebraska,{{sfn|Genat|Genat|1997|p=39}} using secure and constant [[Physics:Communication with submarines|radio communications links]], including [[Physics:Very low frequency|very low frequency]] systems.

All the ''Ohio''-class submarines, except for {{USS|Henry M. Jackson|SSBN-730|6}}, are named for U.S. states, which U.S. Navy tradition had previously reserved for [[Engineering:Battleship|battleship]]s and later [[Engineering:Cruiser|cruiser]]s. The ''Ohio'' class is to be gradually replaced by the {{sclass|Columbia|submarine|4}} beginning in 2031.

== Description ==
The ''Ohio''-class submarine was designed for extended strategic deterrent patrols. Each submarine is assigned two complete crews, called the Blue crew and the Gold crew, each typically serving 70-to-90-day deterrent patrols. To decrease the time in port for crew turnover and replenishment, three large logistics hatches have been installed to provide large-diameter resupply and repair access. These hatches allow rapid transfer of supply pallets, equipment replacement modules, and machinery components, speeding up replenishment and maintenance of the submarines. Moreover, the "stealth" ability of the submarines was significantly improved over all previous ballistic-missile subs.'' Ohio'' was virtually undetectable in her sea trials in 1982, giving the U.S. Navy extremely advanced flexibility.<ref>D. Douglas Dalgleish and Larry Schweikart, Trident. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. 1984.</ref>

[[File:USS Michigan (SSBN-727).jpg|thumb|left|USS ''Michigan'' (SSBN-727) at a dry-dock in November 2002, before its conversion to an SSGN]]
The class's design allows the boat to operate for about 15 years between major overhauls. These submarines are reported to be as quiet at their cruising speed of {{convert|20|kn|lk=in}} or more as the previous {{sclass|Lafayette|submarine|1}}s at {{convert|6|kn}}, although exact information remains classified.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lee|first=T. W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nrZqzQs3jMC&q=Ohio+class+submarine+noise&pg=PA343|title=Military Technologies of the World [2 volumes]|date=2008-12-30|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-275-99536-2|page=344|language=en}}</ref> Fire control for their Mark 48 torpedoes is carried out by Mark 118 Mod 2 system,<ref name="Adcock_p41" /> while the Missile Fire Control system is a Mark 98.<ref name="Adcock_p41" />

The ''Ohio''-class submarines were constructed from sections of hull, with each four-deck section being {{convert|42|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter.<ref name="Adcock_p40" /><ref name="Adcock_p41" /> The sections were produced at the General Dynamics Electric Boat facility, Quonset Point, Rhode Island, and then assembled at its shipyard at Groton, Connecticut.<ref name="Adcock_p40" />

The US Navy has a total of 18 ''Ohio''-class submarines which consist of 14 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), and four cruise missile submarines (SSGNs). The SSBN submarines provide the sea-based leg of the U.S. nuclear triad. Each SSBN submarine is armed with up to 20 Trident II [[Engineering:Submarine-launched ballistic missile|submarine-launched ballistic missile]]s (SLBM). Each SSGN is capable of carrying 154 Tomahawk [[Engineering:Cruise missile|cruise missile]]s, plus a complement of Harpoon missiles to be fired through their torpedo tubes.

== History ==

The ''Ohio'' class was designed in the 1970s to carry the concurrently designed Trident [[Engineering:Submarine-launched ballistic missile|submarine-launched ballistic missile]]. The first eight ''Ohio''-class submarines were armed at first with 24 Trident I C4 SLBMs.<ref name="Adcock_p40" /> Beginning with the ninth Trident submarine, {{USS|Tennessee|SSBN-734|2}}, the remaining boats were equipped with the larger, three-stage Trident II D5 missile.<ref name="Adcock_p41" /> The Trident I missile carries eight [[Engineering:Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle]]s, while the Trident II missile carries 12, in total delivering more destructive power than the Trident I missile and with greater accuracy. Starting with {{USS|Alaska|SSBN-732|2}} in 2000, the Navy began converting its remaining ballistic missile submarines armed with C4 missiles to carry D5 missiles. This task was completed in mid-2008. The first eight submarines had their home ports at Bangor, Washington, to replace the submarines carrying Polaris A3 missiles that were then being decommissioned. The remaining 10 submarines originally had their home ports at Kings Bay, Georgia, replacing the Poseidon and Trident Backfit submarines of the Atlantic Fleet.

=== SSBN/SSGN conversions ===
[[File:SSGN726 Ohio.svg|thumb|left|Ohio-class SSGN profile]]
[[File:OHIOSSGNCONVERSION.JPG|thumb|right|USS ''Ohio'' being converted from an SSBN to an SSGN in March 2004|alt=Black submarine with orange paint from cheatline down in drydock at nightfall]]

In 1994, the Nuclear Posture Review study determined that, of the 18 ''Ohio'' SSBNs the U.S. Navy would be operating in total, 14 would be sufficient for the strategic needs of the U.S. The decision was made to convert four ''Ohio''-class boats into SSGNs capable of conducting conventional land attack and [[Social:Special forces|special operations]]. As a result, the four oldest boats of the class—''Ohio'', ''Michigan'', ''Florida'', and ''Georgia''—progressively entered the conversion process in late 2002 and were returned to active service by 2008.<ref name=USNF>{{Cite web|title=Guided Missile Submarines&nbsp;– SSGN|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4100&tid=300&ct=4|publisher=Navy.mil|work=U.S. Navy|date=10 November 2011|access-date=27 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108080936/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4100&tid=300&ct=4|archive-date=8 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The boats could thereafter carry 154 Tomahawk cruise missiles and 66 special operations personnel, among other capabilities and upgrades.<ref name=USNF/> The cost to refit the four boats was around US$1&nbsp;billion (2008 dollars) per vessel.<ref name=Nuclear_lives>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RS21007.pdf |title=Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress |last=O'Rourke |first=Ronald |date=22 May 2008 |work=[[Social:Congressional Research Service|Congressional Research Service]] |via=Fas.org|access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106064952/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RS21007.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the conversion of these four submarines to SSGNs (see below), five of the remaining submarines, {{USS|Pennsylvania|SSBN-735|2}}, {{USS|Kentucky|SSBN-737|2}}, {{USS|Nebraska|SSBN-739|2}}, {{USS|Maine|SSBN-741|2}}, and {{USS|Louisiana|SSBN-743|2}}, were transferred from Kings Bay to Bangor.{{cn|date=April 2023}} Further transfers occur as the strategic weapons goals of the United States change.

[[File:Ohio-class submarine launches Tomahawk Cruise missiles (artist concept).jpg|thumb|left|Artist's concept of an ''Ohio''-class SSGN launching Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles]]
In 2011, ''Ohio''-class submarines carried out 28 deterrent patrols. Each patrol lasts around 70 days. Four boats are on station ("hard alert") in designated patrol areas at any given time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/publications1/TrimmingNuclearExcess.pdf|title=Trimming Nuclear Excess: Options for Further Reductions of U.S. and Russian Nuclear Forces Special Report No 5 |date=December 2012 |first=Hans M. |last=Kristensen |website=[[Organization:Federation of American Scientists|Federation of American Scientists]] |access-date=25 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918170156/http://fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/publications1/TrimmingNuclearExcess.pdf |archive-date=18 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> From January to June 2014, ''Pennsylvania'' carried out a 140-day-long patrol, the longest to date.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/06/30/uss-pennsylvania-sets-patrol-record.html |title=USS Pennsylvania Sets Patrol Record |website=Military.com |date=30 June 2014 |first=Ahron |last=Arendes |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061215/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/06/30/uss-pennsylvania-sets-patrol-record.html |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The conversion modified 22 of the 24 {{convert|88|in|m|adj=on}} diameter Trident missile tubes to contain large [[Engineering:Vertical launching system|vertical launch systems]], one configuration of which may be a cluster of seven Tomahawk cruise missiles. In this configuration, the number of cruise missiles carried could be a maximum of 154, the equivalent of what is typically deployed in a surface battle group. Other payload possibilities include new generations of supersonic and [[Physics:Hypersonic|hypersonic]] cruise missiles, and Submarine Launched Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/slirbm.htm |title=Submarine Launched Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile |publisher=Global Security |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421030009/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/slirbm.htm |archive-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Engineering:Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicle]]s, the ADM-160 MALD, sensors for antisubmarine warfare or intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions, counter mine warfare payloads such as the [[Engineering:Long-Term Mine Reconnaissance System|AN/BLQ-11 Long Term Mine Reconnaissance System]], and the broaching universal buoyant launcher and stealthy affordable capsule system specialized payload canisters.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

[[File:US Navy 100308-N-9588L-023 Machinist's Mate 3rd Class Joan Valles, left, mans the helm of the Ohio-class guided-missile submarine USS Florida (SSGN 728).jpg|thumb|right|The helm of the ''Ohio''-class guided-missile submarine, USS ''Florida'' (SSGN-728), in March 2010]]
The missile tubes also have room for stowage canisters that can extend the forward deployment time for special forces. The other two Trident tubes are converted to swimmer lockout chambers. For special operations, the Dry Combat Submersible (which replaced the Advanced SEAL Delivery System), as well as the [[Engineering:Dry deck shelter|dry deck shelter]], can be mounted on the lockout chamber and the boat will be able to host up to 66 special-operations sailors or Marines, such as Navy SEALs, or USMC MARSOC teams. Improved communications equipment installed during the upgrade allows the SSGNs to serve as a forward-deployed, clandestine Small Combatant Joint Command Center.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gdeb.com/news/ebnews/ebnews0206.pdf|type=Newsletter |title=USS Ohio Returns To Service As Navy's First SSGN |work=Electric Boat News |publisher=General Dynamics Electric Boat |date=February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090731060602/http://www.gdeb.com/news/ebnews/ebnews0206.pdf |archive-date=2009-07-31}}</ref>

On 26 September 2002, the Navy awarded General Dynamics Electric Boat a US$442.9 million contract to begin the first phase of the SSGN submarine conversion program. Those funds covered only the initial phase of conversion for the first two boats on the schedule. Advance procurement was funded at $355 million in [[Physics:Fiscal year|fiscal year]] 2002, $825 million in the FY 2003 budget and, through the five-year defense budget plan, at $936 million in FY 2004, $505 million in FY 2005, and $170 million in FY 2006. Thus, the total cost to refit the four boats is just under $700 million per vessel.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

In November 2002, ''Ohio'' entered a dry-dock, beginning her 36-month refueling and missile-conversion overhaul. Electric Boat announced on 9 January 2006 that the conversion had been completed. The converted ''Ohio'' rejoined the fleet in February 2006, followed by ''Florida'' in April 2006. The converted ''Michigan'' was delivered in November 2006. The converted ''Ohio'' went to sea for the first time in October 2007. ''Georgia'' returned to the fleet in March 2008 at Kings Bay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlanta.navyleague.us/ |title=Navy Marks USS Georgia's Return To Service |publisher=CBS 4 News Jacksonville |access-date=2008-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305110754/http://atlanta.navyleague.us/ |archive-date=5 March 2009}}</ref>{{Failed verification |date=September 2011}} These four SSGNs are expected to remain in service until about 2023–2026. At that point, their capabilities will be replaced with Virginia Payload Module-equipped {{sclass|Virginia|submarine}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=O'Rourke|first=Ronald|url=https://opencrs.com/document/RL32418/2012-03-01/?26752|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121217165724/https://opencrs.com/document/RL32418/2012-03-01/?26752|archive-date=17 December 2012|title=CRS-RL32418 Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress|agency=Congressional Research Service|publisher=Open CRS|date=1 March 2012|access-date=2012-11-21}}</ref>

===Missile tube reduction===
As part of the New START treaty, four tubes on each SSBN were deactivated in 2017, reducing the number of missiles to 20 per boat.<ref>{{cite web|author=Hans M. Kristensen|url=https://fas.org/blogs/security/2018/01/new-start-full-data/|title=New Data Shows Detail About Final Phase of US New START Treaty Reductions|publisher=fas.org|date=13 January 2018|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201191747/https://fas.org/blogs/security/2018/01/new-start-full-data/|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Detailed cross-section===
{{Panorama
| image = File:Trident-Ohio class submarine 3D drawing.svg
| height = 300
| alt = Line drawing of submarine with circled numbers denoting different submarine components and compartments.
| caption = Line drawing of the ''Ohio'' class in its original SSBN configuration. (1)&nbsp;Sonar dome, (2)&nbsp;Main [[Engineering:Ballast tank|ballast tank]]s, (3)&nbsp;Computer room, (4)&nbsp;Integrated radio room, (5)&nbsp;Sonar room, (6)&nbsp;Command and control center, (7)&nbsp;Navigation center, (8)&nbsp;Missile control center, (9)&nbsp;Engine room, (10)&nbsp;[[Engineering:Nuclear marine propulsion#Power plants|Reactor]] compartment, (11)&nbsp;Auxiliary machinery room no.&nbsp;2, (12)&nbsp;Crew's berthing,
(13)&nbsp;Auxiliary machinery room no.&nbsp;1, (14)&nbsp;Torpedo room, (15)&nbsp;Wardroom, (16)&nbsp;Chief petty officer quarters, (17)&nbsp;Missile compartment
}}

==List of boats==
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! Boat !! Hull number !! <small>Ordered</small> !! <small>Laid down</small> !! <small>Launched</small> !! <small>Delivered</small> !! <small>Commissioned</small> !! Homeport !! style="text-align:center;"|Service life<br /><small>(status)</small><!----as boats become decommissioned, switch to this template: |{{Age in years, months and days|yyyy1|mm1|dd1|yyyy2|mm2|dd2}}, to calculate final value for service life----> !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
!colspan=10 style="background: #D4E6F1"| '''Guided-missile submarines (SSGN)'''
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Engineering:USS Ohio (SSGN-726)|Ohio]]'' 
| SSGN-726 || 1 July 1974 || 10 April 1976 || 7 April 1979 || 28 October 1981 || 11 November 1981 || Naval Base Kitsap, {{wipe|Washington (state)}} ||style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1981|month= 11|day= 11}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small> || style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Ohio (SSGN 726)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSGN726}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Engineering:USS Michigan (SSGN-727)|Michigan]]''
| SSGN-727 || 28 February 1975 || 4 April 1977 || 26 April 1980 || 28 August 1982 || 11 September 1982 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1982|month= 09|day= 11}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Michigan (SSGN 727)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSGN727}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=24 February 2006|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Florida'' 
| SSGN-728|| 28 February 1975 || 19 January 1981 || 14 November 1981 || 17 May 1983 || 18 June 1983 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1983|month= 06|day= 18}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Florida (SSGN 728)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSGN728}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=13 September 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Georgia''
| SSGN-729 || 20 February 1976 || 7 April 1979 || 6 November 1982 || 17 January 1984 || 11 February 1984 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia ||style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1984|month= 02|day= 11}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Georgia (SSGN 729)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSGN729}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=17 December 2007|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=10 style="background: #D4E6F1"| '''Ballistic missile submarines (SSBN)'''
|-
! scope="row" |''Henry M. Jackson''<br />{{small|(ex ''Rhode Island'')}} 
| SSBN-730 || 6 June 1977 || 19 November 1981 || 15 October 1983 || 11 September 1984 || 6 October 1984 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1984|month= 10|day= 6}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Henry M. Jackson (SSBN 730)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN730}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Alabama''
| SSBN-731 || 27 February 1978 || 27 August 1981 || 19 May 1984 || 23 April 1985 || 25 May 1985 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1985|month= 05|day= 25}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Alabama (SSBN 731)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN731}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Alaska''
| SSBN-732 || 27 February 1978 || 9 March 1983 || 12 January 1985 || 26 November 1985 || 25 January 1986 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1986|month= 01|day= 25}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Alaska (SSBN 732)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN732}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Engineering:USS Nevada (SSBN-733)|Nevada]]''
| SSBN-733 || 7 January 1981 || 8 August 1983 || 14 September 1985 || 7 August 1986 || 16 August 1986 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1986|month= 08|day= 16}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Nevada (SSBN 733)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN733}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Tennessee''
| SSBN-734 || 7 January 1982 || 9 June 1986 || 13 December 1986 || 18 November 1988 || 17 December 1988 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1988|month= 12|day= 17}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Tennessee (SSBN 734)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN734}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=23 August 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Pennsylvania''
| SSBN-735 || 29 November 1982 || 2 March 1987 || 23 April 1988 || 22 August 1989 || 9 September 1989 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1989|month= 09|day= 09}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Pennsylvania (SSBN 735)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN735}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''West Virginia''
| SSBN-736 || 21 November 1983 || 18 December 1987 || 14 October 1989 || 10 September 1990 || 20 October 1990 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1990|month= 10|day= 20}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS West Virginia (SSBN 736)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN736}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=22 August 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Kentucky''
| SSBN-737 || 13 August 1985 || 18 December 1987 || 11 August 1990 || 27 June 1991 || 13 July 1991 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1991|month= 07|day= 13}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Kentucky (SSBN 737)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN737}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Maryland''
| SSBN-738 ||14 March 1986 || 22 April 1986 || 10 August 1991 || 31 May 1992 || 13 June 1992 ||Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1992|month= 06|day= 13}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Maryland (SSBN 738)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN738}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''[[Engineering:USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)|Nebraska]]''
| SSBN-739 || 26 May 1987 || 6 July 1987 || 15 August 1992 || 18 June 1993 || 10 July 1993 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1993|month= 07|day= 10}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Nebraska (SSBN 739)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN739}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" |''Rhode Island''
| SSBN-740 || 15 January 1988 || 15 September 1988 || 17 July 1993 || 22 June 1994 || 9 July 1994 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1994|month= 07|day= 09}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Rhode Island (SSBN 740)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN740}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=27 October 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''Maine''
| SSBN-741 || 5 October 1988 || 3 July 1990 || 16 July 1994 || 21 June 1995 || 29 July 1995 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington || style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1995|month= 07|day= 19}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Maine (SSBN 741)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN741}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=23 August 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Engineering:USS Wyoming (SSBN-742)|Wyoming]]''
| SSBN-742 || 18 October 1989 || 8 August 1991 || 15 July 1995 || 20 June 1996 || 13 July 1996 || Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia ||style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1996|month= 07|day= 13}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS Wyoming (SSBN 742)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN742}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=23 August 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | ''[[Engineering:USS Louisiana (SSBN-743)|Louisiana]]''
| SSBN-743 || 19 December 1990 || 23 October 1992 || 27 July 1996 || 14 August 1997 || 6 September 1997 || Naval Base Kitsap, Washington ||style="text-align:center;"| {{Age in years, months and days|year= 1997|month= 09|day= 06}}<br /><small>(in active service)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=NVR_743>{{Cite web|title=USS Louisiana (SSBN 743)|url={{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=SSBN743}}|work=Naval Vessel Register|publisher=Navy.mil|date=26 July 2011|access-date=27 January 2012}}</ref>
|}
Note: Boats based at Naval Base Kitsap, {{wipe|Washington (state)}} are operated by the U.S. Pacific Fleet, while boats based at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia are operated by U.S. Fleet Forces Command, (formerly the U.S. Atlantic Fleet).

==Replacement==
{{main|Engineering:Columbia-class submarine}}

The U.S. Department of Defense anticipated a continued need for a sea-based strategic nuclear force.<ref name="GS">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/ssbn-x.htm |title=SSBN-X Future Follow-on Submarine |website=Global Security |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421025959/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/ssbn-x.htm |archive-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first of the current ''Ohio''-class SSBNs was expected to be retired by 2029,<ref name="GS" /> so the replacement submarine would need to be seaworthy by that time. A replacement was expected to cost over $4 billion per unit compared to ''Ohio''{{'}}s $2 billion.<ref name="Frost" /> The U.S. Navy explored two options. The first option was a variant of the {{sclass|Virginia|submarine|0}} nuclear-powered attack submarines. The second option was a dedicated SSBN, either with a new hull or based on an overhaul of the current ''Ohio''-class.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Columbia-Class SSBN-X Future Follow-on Submarine |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/ssbn-x.htm |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>

With the cooperation of both Electric Boat and Newport News Shipbuilding, in 2007, the U.S. Navy began a cost-control study.<ref name="GS" /> Then in December 2008, the U.S. Navy awarded Electric Boat a contract for the missile compartment design of the ''Ohio''-class replacement, worth up to $592 million. Newport News is expected to receive close to 4% of that project. In April 2009, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates stated that the U.S. Navy was expected to begin such a program in 2010.<ref name="Frost" /> The new vessel was scheduled to enter the design phase by 2014. If a new hull design was to be used, the program needed to be initiated by 2016 to meet the 2029 deadline.<ref name="GS" />{{update after|2014|1|1}}

The ''Columbia''-class was officially designated on 14 December 2016, by Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus, and the lead submarine will be {{USS|District of Columbia|SSBN-826}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2016/12/13/secnav-mabus-to-officially-designate-first-orp-boat-uss-district-of-columbia-ssbn-826|title=SECNAV Mabus to Officially Designate First ORP Boat USS ''Columbia'' (SSBN-826)|website=USNI News|date=13 December 2016|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> The Navy wants to procure the first ''Columbia''-class boat in FY2021,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2020/05/19/report-columbia-class-nuclear-ballistic-missile-submarine-program|title=Report on the Columbia-class Nuclear Ballistic Missile Submarine Program|website=USNI News|date=20 May 2020|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref> though it is not expected to enter service until 2031.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://media.defense.gov/2018/Feb/02/2001872886/-1/-1/1/2018-NUCLEAR-POSTURE-REVIEW-FINAL-REPORT.PDF| title = Nuclear Posture Review - Final Report|publisher=media.defense.gov|date=February 2018|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="senedia.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.senedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Ohio-Replacement-Program-Defense-Innovation-Days-5-Sep-2014-Final.pdf |title=SENEDIA Defense Innovation Days |date=5 September 2014 |website=Senedia.org |access-date=20 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2020, Navy officials first publicly discussed the idea of extending the lives of select ''Ohio''-class boats at the Naval Submarine League's 2020 conference. During the 2022 conference, Rear Admiral Scott Pappano, the program executive officer for strategic submarines, and Rear Admiral Douglas G. Perry, the director of undersea warfare on the Chief of Naval Operations' staff, discussed the ''Columbia''-class program, and also touched on the possibility of finding ''Ohio''-class boats that had sufficient remaining nuclear fuel and were in good enough material state to be given a further extension to their lives.<ref name="2022-11-03_DN">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2022/11/02/us-navy-wants-to-avoid-shortfall-of-nuke-armed-subs-in-2030s/|title=US Navy wants to avoid shortfall of nuke-armed subs in 2030s|publisher=defensenews.com|date=2 November 2022|access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
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As ballistic-missile submarines, the ''Ohio'' class has occasionally been portrayed in fiction books and films.
* Tom Clancy wrote ''Ohio'' class submarines into several novels,<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Jack Ryan Agenda: Policy and Politics in the Novels of Tom Clancy: An Unauthorized Analysis|last=Terdoslavich|first=William|publisher=Forge Books|year=2006|isbn=0-7653-1248-4|page=95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mUpzsTwmGVAC&q=ohio&pg=PA95}}</ref> such as {{USS|Maine|SSBN-741}} in ''The Sum of All Fears'' (1991).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/more-patriot-games-played-in-jack-ryan/Content?oid=3593294|title=More patriot games played in Jack Ryan.|last=Akers|first=Greg|website=Memphis Flyer|language=en|access-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126061212/https://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/more-patriot-games-played-in-jack-ryan/Content?oid=3593294|archive-date=26 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The fictional USS ''Montana'' is featured in the 1989 film ''The Abyss.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usnavymuseum.org/pdf/teacher_help-10.pdf|title=Usnavymuseum.org|website=www.usnavymuseum.org|access-date=27 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227110031/http://www.usnavymuseum.org/pdf/teacher_help-10.pdf|archive-date=27 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{USS|Alabama|SSBN-731|6}} is the setting for the 1995 submarine film, ''Crimson Tide''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112740/ |title=Crimson Tide |publisher=Internet Movie Database |access-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713211638/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0112740/ |archive-date=13 July 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The fictional ballistic missile submarine, USS ''Colorado'' (SSBN-753), is the primary setting for the ABC television series ''Last Resort''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thedeadbolt.com/1003027711-last-resort-co-creator-explains-submarine-story-development.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001111956/http://www.thedeadbolt.com/1003027711-last-resort-co-creator-explains-submarine-story-development.html |archive-date=1 October 2013 |title=Last Resort Co-Creator Explains Submarine Story Development |date=27 September 2012 |access-date=2011-09-27 |website=The Dead Bolt}}</ref>
*{{USS|Wyoming|SSBN-742|6}} is featured in Season 1, Episode 13 of the American television series'' The Brave''.<ref>{{cite web |work=TVLine |title=The Brave Finale Recap: Man Down! |first=Kimberly |last=Roots |date=29 January 2018 |access-date=2018-02-14 |url=http://tvline.com/2018/01/29/the-brave-finale-recap-season-1-episode-13-preach-hurt/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215034042/https://tvline.com/2018/01/29/the-brave-finale-recap-season-1-episode-13-preach-hurt/ |archive-date=15 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* List of submarine classes of the United States Navy
* List of submarines of the United States Navy
* [[Engineering:List of submarine classes in service|List of submarine classes in service]]
* Submarines in the United States Navy
* [[Engineering:Submarine-launched ballistic missile|Submarine-launched ballistic missile]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |last=Chant |first=Chris |year=2005 |title=Submarine Warfare Today |location=Leicester, United Kingdom |publisher=Silverdale Books |isbn=1-84509-158-2 |oclc=156749009}}
* {{Cite thesis |last=Chinworth |first=William C. |date=15 March 2006 |url=http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/ksil306.pdf |title=The Future of the Ohio Class Submarine |location=Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania |publisher=U.S. Army War College |oclc=70852911|degree=Master of Strategic Studies}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Genat |first1=Robert |last2=Genat |first2=Robin |year=1997 |title=Modern U.S. Navy Submarines |location=Osceola, Wisconsin |publisher=Motorbooks International |isbn=0-7603-0276-6 |oclc=36713050 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/modernusnavysubm00gena}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last1=Dalgleish |first1=D. Douglas |first2=Larry |last2=Schweikart |title=Trident |location=Carbondale, IL |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |date=1984}}
* {{cite book |last=Hutchinson |first=Robert |date=2006 |title=Jane's Submarines War Beneath the Waves: From 1776 to the Present Day |publisher=New Line Books |isbn=978-1-59764-181-4}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R41129.html |title=Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress |last=O'Rourke |first=Ronald |work=[[Social:Congressional Research Service|Congressional Research Service]] |via=Every CRS Report}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/ssbn-726.htm SSBN-726 Ohio-class page on Globalsecurity.org]
* [http://www.chonday.com/Videos/pen1usnav1 Chonday video: The Largest Submarine in the U.S. Navy]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohio Class Submarine}}
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Nuclear-powered submarines]]
[[Category:Ballistic missile submarines]]

{{Sourceattribution|Ohio-class submarine}}