View source for Engineering:Saab JAS 39 Gripen

{{short description|Light single-engined multirole fighter aircraft}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2019}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name= JAS 39 Gripen
| image= File:Saab JAS 39 Gripen at Kaivopuisto Air Show, June 2017 (altered) copy.jpg <!--Please discuss image changes on talk page to gain consensus -->
| caption= A {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} JAS 39 Gripen at Kaivopuisto Air Show
| alt= 
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type= Multirole fighter
| national origin= Sweden
| manufacturer= Saab AB
| design group= Industrigruppen JAS, FMV
| designer= 
| first flight= 9 December 1988
| introduced= 9 June 1996<ref name="Milestones">{{cite web |url= https://www.fmv.se/WmTemplates/Page.aspx?id=802 |date= 14 May 2009 |access-date= 4 March 2019 |title= Försvarets materielverk – Gripen – milstolpar |trans-title= The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration – Gripen – milestones |language=sv |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100821122933/https://www.fmv.se/WmTemplates/Page.aspx?id=802 |archive-date= 21 August 2010}}</ref><!-- Date the aircraft entered or will enter military or revenue service -->
| retired= 
| status= In service
| primary user= {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}}<!-- Limit one primary user. Top 4 users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of their fleets. -->
| more users= {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}} <br />{{wipe|South African Air Force}} <br />{{wipe|Hungarian Air Force}}<!-- Limit is three (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />. See Operators section for others. -->
| produced= 1987–present
| number built= ~300 (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roblin |first=Sebastien |title=A Swedish-made fighter jet could tip the scales against Russia in Ukraine, but it might not get there any time soon |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/swedish-jas39-gripen-fighter-jet-could-help-ukraine-against-russia-2023-2 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=6 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006165619/https://www.businessinsider.com/swedish-jas39-gripen-fighter-jet-could-help-ukraine-against-russia-2023-2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| developed from= 
| variants with their own articles= 
| developed into= 
}}
|}

The '''Saab JAS 39 Gripen''' ({{IPA-sv|ˈɡrǐːpɛn|IPA}} {{Pronunciation|Sv-JAS 39 Gripen.ogg}}; English: ''griffin''){{#tag:ref|Literally "''the'' Griffin", as the names of Swedish combat aircraft, like Viggen or Draken, are in the definite form while non-combat aircraft like Saab Safir are in indefinite form.|group= Nb|name= "Naming"}}{{Sfn|Nilsson|2012}} is a light single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft manufactured by the Swedish [[Earth:Aerospace|aerospace]] and defence company Saab AB. The Gripen has a [[Engineering:Delta wing|delta wing]] and [[Engineering:Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] configuration with [[Physics:Relaxed stability|relaxed stability]] design and [[Fly-by-wire|fly-by-wire]] flight controls. Later aircraft are fully NATO interoperable. {{As of|2020}}, more than 271&nbsp;Gripens of all models, A–F, have been delivered.{{#tag:ref |Comprising 204 (30 Batch I, 110 Batch II, 64 Batch III) Gripens built and delivered to Sweden, 1 to Brazil, 14 to Czech Republic, 14 to Hungary, 26 to South Africa, and 12 to Thailand. This figure does not include those of the Empire Test Pilots School, but does include the transfers from the Swedish Airforce to foreign clients.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://saab.com/gripen/our-fighters/users/ |work= Gripen Multirole Fighter |title= In Use |publisher= Saab |access-date= 28 May 2020 |year= 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180708020227/https://saab.com/gripen/our-fighters/users/ |archive-date= 8 July 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref> |group= "Nb" |name= aircraft_produced}}

In 1979, the Swedish government began development studies for "an aircraft for fighter, attack, and [[Social:Aerial reconnaissance|reconnaissance]]" (''ett jakt-, attack- och spaningsflygplan'', hence "JAS") to replace the [[Engineering:Saab 35 Draken|Saab 35 Draken]] and [[Engineering:Saab 37 Viggen|37 Viggen]] in the {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}}. A new design from Saab was selected and developed as the JAS&nbsp;39. The first flight took place in 1988, with delivery of the first serial production airplane in 1993.<ref name="Milestones" /> It entered service with the Swedish Air Force in 1996.<ref name="Milestones" /> Upgraded variants, featuring more advanced avionics and adaptations for longer mission times, began entering service in 2003.

To market the aircraft internationally, Saab formed partnerships and collaborative efforts with overseas aerospace companies. On the export market, early models of the Gripen achieved moderate success, with sales to nations in Central Europe, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. Bribery was suspected in some of these procurements, but Swedish authorities closed the investigation in 2009.<ref name="Kwast">{{cite web |url= http://www.aklagare.se/Media/Nyheter/Jas-Gripen-utredning-laggs-ned/ |title= Jas Gripen-utredning läggs ned |trans-title= Jas Gripen investigation closed down |publisher= The Swedish Prosecution Authority |date= 16 June 2009 |language=sv|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090622063715/http://www.aklagare.se/Media/Nyheter/Jas-Gripen-utredning-laggs-ned |archive-date= 22 June 2009}}</ref>

A major redesign of the Gripen series, previously referred to as ''Gripen NG'' (Next Generation) or ''Super JAS'', now designated ''JAS 39E/F Gripen''<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url= http://www.thelocal.se/20120727/42260 |title= 'Super-Jas' costlier than expected: report |work= The Local |location= SE |date= 27 July 2012 |access-date= 13 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140113035555/http://www.thelocal.se/20120727/42260 |archive-date= 13 January 2014}}</ref> began deliveries to the Swedish Air Force and {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}} in 2019. Changes from the JAS&nbsp;C to JAS&nbsp;E include a larger fuselage, a more powerful engine, an increased weapons payload capability, and new cockpit, avionics architecture, electronic warfare system and other improvements.

==Development==
===Origins===
In the late 1970s, Sweden sought to replace its aging [[Engineering:Saab 35 Draken|Saab 35 Draken]] and [[Engineering:Saab 37 Viggen|Saab 37 Viggen]].{{Sfn|Frawley|2002|p= 147}} The {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} required an affordable Mach&nbsp;2 aircraft with good short-field performance for a defensive dispersed basing plan in the event of invasion; the plan included 800&nbsp;m long by 17&nbsp;m wide rudimentary runways that were part of the Bas 90 system.<ref>{{cite web |trans-title= Swedish military flight bases |url= https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/5-information-och-fakta/historia/vagbaserna/fortv-2007-1.pdf |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/5-information-och-fakta/historia/vagbaserna/fortv-2007-1.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title= Svenska militära flygbaser |last= Törnell |first=Bernt |date= 5 February 2007 |language=sv|website= Försvarsmakten}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |trans-title= Air base system 90 |language=sv|url= http://www.fht.nu/Dokument/Flygvapnet/flyg_publ_dok_flygbassystem_90.pdf |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.fht.nu/Dokument/Flygvapnet/flyg_publ_dok_flygbassystem_90.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title= Flygbassystem 90 |last= Rystedt |first= Jörgen|date= 25 April 2009 |website= FHT}}</ref>{{Sfn |Altaya|2011|loc= ''Características especiais''|ps=: 'O Gripen foi concebido conforme as diretivas da força aérea sueca – a Base 90 – que previa a utilização de pistas rudimentares de 800&nbsp;m de comprimento e 9&nbsp;m de largura… [The Gripen was conceived according to the Base 90 Swedish Air Force directives that foresaw the use of rudimentary runways 800&nbsp;m long and 9&nbsp;m wide…]'}} One goal was for the aircraft to be smaller than the Viggen while equalling or improving on its payload-range characteristics.{{Sfn|Spick|2000|pp= 426–27}} Early proposals included the Saab 38, also called B3LA, intended as an attack aircraft and trainer,{{Sfn|Björeman|2009|pp= 139–49}} and the A 20, a development of the Viggen that would have capabilities as a fighter, attack and sea reconnaissance aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |language= sv |place= Sweden |title= Om anslaget Flygvapenförband: Forskning och utveckling |type= government bill |year= 1977–1978 |id= 95 |trans-title= On the appropriation of Air Force Regiments: Research and development |publisher= Riksdagen |url= http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/prop-19777895-om-anslaget-Fl_G10395/ |access-date= 30 June 2013 |archive-date= 4 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194924/http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/prop-19777895-om-anslaget-Fl_G10395/ |url-status= dead}}</ref> Several foreign designs were also studied, including the [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]], the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet,{{Sfn |Williams|2003|p= 72}} the [[Engineering:Northrop F-20 Tigershark|Northrop F-20 Tigershark]] and the [[Engineering:Dassault Mirage 2000|Dassault Mirage 2000]].{{Sfn|Green|Swanborough|1987|p= 225}} Ultimately, the Swedish government opted for a new fighter to be developed by Saab.{{Sfn |Williams|2003|p= 72}}

In 1979, the government began a study calling for a versatile platform capable of "JAS", standing for ''Jakt'' ([[Social:Aerial warfare|air-to-air]]), ''Attack'' (air-to-surface), and ''Spaning'' (reconnaissance), indicating a multirole, or swingrole, fighter aircraft that can fulfill multiple roles during the same mission.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 72}} Several Saab designs were reviewed, the most promising being "Project 2105" (redesignated "Project 2108" and, later, "Project 2110"), recommended to the government by the Defence Materiel Administration (''Försvarets Materielverk'', or FMV).{{Sfn |Williams|2003|p= 72}} In 1980, ''Industrigruppen JAS'' (''IG JAS'', "JAS Industry Group") was established as a joint venture by Saab-Scania, LM Ericsson, Svenska Radioaktiebolaget, Volvo Flygmotor and Försvarets Fabriksverk, the industrial arm of the Swedish armed forces.<ref>{{Citation |publisher= Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek |url= http://www.smb.nu/index.php/svenska-flygplan/jaktflygplan/612 |place= NU |title= JAS 39A, B 1992– |language= no |url-status= dead |access-date= 30 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219233125/http://www.smb.nu/index.php/svenska-flygplan/jaktflygplan/612 |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref>

The preferred aircraft was a single-engine, lightweight single-seater, embracing [[Fly-by-wire|fly-by-wire]] technology, canards, and an aerodynamically unstable design.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 73}} The powerplant selected was the [[Engineering:Volvo RM12|Volvo-Flygmotor RM12]], a licence-built derivative of the [[Engineering:General Electric F404|General Electric F404]]−400; engine development priorities were weight reduction and lowering component count.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 73}}{{Sfn |Cross|1986|p= 27}} On 30 June 1982, with approval from the Riksdag,<ref name= grip_so_far>{{cite web |url= http://www.gripen.com/en/GripenFighter/GripenStory.htm |title= Gripen: The Story So Far |work= Gripen International |publisher= Saab |access-date= 14 October 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100127182209/http://www.gripen.com/en/GripenFighter/GripenStory.htm |archive-date= 27 January 2010 |quote= Swedish Parliament approves the program for the development of a new fighter aircraft}}</ref> the FMV issued contracts worth SEK 25.7&nbsp;billion to Saab, covering five prototypes and an initial batch of 30 production aircraft.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|pp= 73, 88}}{{Sfn|Keijsper|2003|p= 12}} By January 1983, a Viggen was converted to a flying test aircraft for the JAS&nbsp;39's intended avionics, such as the fly-by-wire controls.<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Flight International |date= 2–8 January 1983 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1983/1983%20-%200048.html |title= Viggens test Gripen avionics |location= Surrey, UK |publisher= IPC Transport Press |issue= 3844 |volume= 123 |pages= 64–65 |issn= 0015-3710 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103061346/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1983/1983%20-%200048.html |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |access-date= 19 January 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The JAS&nbsp;39 received the name ''Gripen'' (griffin) via a public competition,<ref name= fmv>{{cite web |url= https://www.fmv.se/en/Projects/JAS-39-Gripen/Milestones/ |title= Milestones JAS 39 Gripen |work= Projects |date= 13 January 2012 |publisher= Swedish Defence Materiel Administration |access-date= 14 October 2010 |quote= The new aircraft is named Gripen after a prize competition |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071158/https://www.fmv.se/en/Projects/JAS-39-Gripen/Milestones/ |archive-date= 22 February 2014}}</ref> which is the heraldry on Saab's logo.{{#tag:ref |Griffin is the animal<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/griffin |title= Griffin |date= 25 January 2019 |publisher= Merriam-Webster |access-date= 4 March 2019 |work= Dictionary |archive-date= 16 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170416195001/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/griffin |url-status= live }}</ref> on the coat of arms of Östergötland, the province where Saab&nbsp;AB is headquartered (Linköping).<ref>{{Citation |year= 2010 |url= http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/blazon?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=blazon&sa=Search#906 |type= definition |contribution= Blazon |publisher= Webster's |edition= online |title= Dictionary |access-date= 20 July 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101215222003/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/blazon?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=blazon&sa=Search#922 |archive-date= 15 December 2010}}</ref>|group= Nb}}

===Testing, production, and improvements===

Saab rolled out the first Gripen on 26&nbsp;April 1987, marking the company's 50th anniversary.{{Sfn|Winchester|2004|p= 216}} Originally planned to fly in 1987,{{Sfn|Cross|1986|p= 27}} the first flight was delayed by 18&nbsp;months due to issues with the flight control system. On 9&nbsp;December 1988, the first prototype (serial number 39-1) took its 51-minute maiden flight with pilot Stig Holmström at the controls.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 73}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Flight International |date= 11–17 December 1988 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%203589.html |title= Gripen flies unstable |location= London, UK |publisher= Reed Business Information |page= 3 |access-date= 12 January 2013 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |issn= 0015-3710 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112021157/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%203589.html |archive-date= 12 January 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref> During the test programme, concern surfaced about the aircraft's avionics, specifically the fly-by-wire flight control system (FCS), and the relaxed stability design. On 2 February 1989, this issue led to the crash of the prototype during an attempted landing at Linköping; the test pilot Lars Rådeström walked away with a broken elbow. The cause of the crash was identified as pilot-induced oscillation, caused by problems with the FCS's pitch-control routine.{{Sfn|Williams |2003|p= 73}}<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= Gaines |first= Michael 'Mike' |magazine= Flight International |date= 19–25 March 1989 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200734.html |title= Software fault caused Gripen crash |location= London, UK |publisher= Reed Business Information |page= 4 |access-date= 12 January 2013 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |issn= 0015-3710 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112021205/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200734.html |archive-date= 12 January 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Flight International |date= 11 February 1989 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200333.html |title= Saab/Gripen prototype crashes |location= London, UK |publisher= Reed Business Information |pages= 2–3 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |access-date= 12 December 2013 |issn= 0015-3710 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121113182620/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1989/1989%20-%200333.html |archive-date= 13 November 2012 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

In response to the crash, Saab and US firm Calspan introduced software modifications to the aircraft. A modified Lockheed NT-33A was used to test these improvements, which allowed flight testing to resume 15&nbsp;months after the accident. On 8&nbsp;August 1993, production aircraft 39102 was destroyed in an accident at an aerial display for the [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]] Water Festival. Test pilot Rådeström lost control of the aircraft during a roll at low altitude when the aircraft stalled, forcing him to eject. Saab later found the problem was high amplification of the pilot's quick and significant stick command inputs. The ensuing investigation and flaw correction further delayed test flying by several months, resuming in December 1993.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 73}}

The first order included an option for another 110, which was exercised in June 1992. Batch&nbsp;II consisted of 96&nbsp;one-seat JAS&nbsp;39As and 14&nbsp;two-seat JAS&nbsp;39Bs.{{Sfn|Keijsper|2003|pp= 12, 21}}{{Sfn|Matláry|Ø̈sterud|2007|p= 150}} The JAS&nbsp;39B variant is 66&nbsp;cm (26&nbsp;in) longer than the JAS&nbsp;39A to accommodate a second seat, which also necessitated the deletion of the cannon and a reduced internal fuel capacity.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p=88}} By April 1994, five prototypes and two series-production Gripens had been completed; but a [[Engineering:Beyond-visual-range missile|beyond-visual-range missile]] (BVR) had not yet been selected.{{Sfn|Forsberg|1994|p= 223}} A third batch was ordered in June 1997, composed of 50&nbsp;upgraded single-seat JAS&nbsp;39Cs and 14&nbsp;JAS&nbsp;39D two-seaters,{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}} known as 'Turbo Gripen', with NATO compatibility for exports.{{Sfn|Altaya|2011|loc=''Diversas versões'' 1a|ps=: "A necessidade de adaptar o Gripen às especificidades da Otan, para estimular as vendas no estrangeiro, levou ao desenvolvimento de uma nova versão chamada 'Turbo Gripen'. [The need to adapt the Gripen to the Nato specificities, to stimulate foreign sales, led to the development of a new version called 'Turbo Gripen'.]"}} Batch&nbsp;III aircraft, delivered between 2002 and 2008, possess more powerful and updated avionics, in-flight refuelling capability via retractable probes on the aircraft's [[Port and starboard|starboard side]], and an on-board oxygen-generating system (OBOGS) for longer duration missions.<ref name= last_swaf /> In-flight refuelling was tested via a specially equipped prototype (39‐4) used in successful trials with a {{wipe|Royal Air Force}} [[Engineering:Vickers VC10|VC10]] in 1998.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}}

===Teaming agreements===
[[File:Flares (5598703900).jpg|thumb|upright|Czech Gripen deploying defensive flares, 2011|alt=Head on view of fighter jet banking right while releasing flares against a background of green woodland]]

During the 1995 Paris Air Show, Saab Military Aircraft and British Aerospace (BAe, now BAE Systems) announced the formation of the joint-venture company Saab-BAe Gripen&nbsp;AB with the goal of adapting, manufacturing, marketing and supporting Gripen worldwide.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}}{{Sfn|Lorell|2002|p= 147}} The deal involved the conversion of the A and B&nbsp;series aircraft to the "export" C&nbsp;and D&nbsp;series, which developed the Gripen for compatibility with NATO standards.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|p= 256}} This co-operation was extended in 2001 with the formation of Gripen International to promote export sales.{{Sfn|Lorell|2002|pp= 147–48}} In December 2004, Saab and BAE&nbsp;Systems announced that BAE was to sell a large portion of its stake in Saab, and that Saab would take full responsibility for marketing and export orders of the Gripen.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Reece |first=Damian |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/bae-cuts-saab-stake-after-gripen-revamp-6156400.html |title= BAE cuts Saab stake after Gripen revamp |newspaper=The Independent |date=8 December 2004 |access-date= 2 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217000028/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/bae-cuts-saab-stake-after-gripen-revamp-6156400.html |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> In June&nbsp;2011, Saab announced that an internal investigation revealed evidence of acts of corruption by BAE&nbsp;Systems, including [[Finance:Money laundering|money laundering]] in South Africa, one of the Gripen's customers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Page |first= Lewis |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/20/saab_sa_fighter_accusation/ |title= Saab fingers BAE over South African fighter deal |work= The Register |date= 20 June 2011 |place= United Kingdom |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131106103506/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/06/20/saab_sa_fighter_accusation/ |archive-date= 6 November 2013}}</ref>

On 26 April 2007, Norway signed a NOK150 million joint-development agreement with Saab to co-operate in the development programme of the Gripen, including the integration of Norwegian industries in the development of future versions of the aircraft.<ref name=nla>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---4/gripen---agreement-in-norway/ |title= Gripen – agreement in Norway |publisher= Saab |date= 26 April 2007 |access-date= 2 November 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120329130100/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---4/gripen---agreement-in-norway/ |archive-date= 29 March 2012}}</ref> In June of the same year, Saab also entered an agreement with Thales Norway A/S concerning the development of communications systems for the Gripen fighter. This order was the first awarded under the provisions of the Letter of Agreement signed by the Norwegian Ministry of Defence and Gripen International in April 2007.<ref name=nla/> As a result of the United States diplomatic cables leak in 2010, it was revealed that US diplomats had become concerned with co-operation between Norway and Sweden on the topic of the Gripen, and had sought to exert pressure against a Norwegian purchase of the aircraft.<ref name="Norway gripen local"/>

In December 2007, as part of Gripen International's marketing efforts in Denmark, a deal was signed with Danish technology supplier Terma A/S that let them participate in an Industrial Co-operation programme over the next 10–15 years. The total value of the programme was estimated at over [[Finance:Danish krone|DKK]]10&nbsp;billion, and was partly dependent on a procurement of the Gripen by Denmark.<ref name=dla>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---12/gripen--a-catalyst-for-danish-industry/ |title= Gripen – A Catalyst for Danish Industry |publisher= Saab |date= 4 December 2007 |access-date= 2 November 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120329130140/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---12/gripen--a-catalyst-for-danish-industry/ |archive-date= 29 March 2012}}</ref> Subsequently, Denmark elected to procure the F-35&nbsp;Joint Strike Fighter.

===Controversies, scandals, and costs===
Developing an advanced multi-role fighter was a major undertaking for Sweden. The predecessor 37&nbsp;Viggen had been criticized for occupying too much of Sweden's military budget and was branded "a cuckoo in the military nest" by critics as early as 1971. At the 1972 party congress of the Socialdemokraterna, the dominant party in Swedish politics since the 1950s, a motion was passed to stop any future projects to develop advanced military aircraft.<ref name=P3Dok>{{cite web |language=sv|publisher=Sveriges Radio |work= P3 Dokumentär |type= radio broadcast |url= http://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/91822?programid=2519 |title= JAS-projektet |trans-title= JAS project |date= 23 March 2008 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219044311/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/91822?programid=2519 |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref> In 1982, the Gripen<!-- to avoid confusion with the S motion forementioned --> project passed in the Riksdag by a margin of 176 for and 167 against, with the entire Social Democratic party voting against the proposal due to demands for more studies. A new bill was introduced in 1983<ref>{{cite web |language= sv |title= Regeringens proposition 1982/83:119 om riktlinjer för JAS-projektet |type= government bill |year= 1982–1983 |number= 119 |trans-title= on guidelines for the JAS project |url= http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/prop-198283119-om-riktlinjer_G603119/ |publisher= Riksdagen |place= Sweden |access-date= 30 June 2013 |archive-date= 19 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219220647/http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/prop-198283119-om-riktlinjer_G603119/ |url-status= dead}}</ref> and a final approval was given in April&nbsp;1983 with the condition that the project was to have a predetermined fixed-price contract,{{Sfn|Björeman|2009|pp= 137–49}} a decision that would later be criticized as unrealistic due to later cost overruns.<ref name="P3Dok" />

According to Annika Brändström, in the aftermath of the 1989 and 1993 crashes, the Gripen risked a loss of credibility and the weakening of its public image. There was public speculation that failures to address technical problems exposed in the first crash had directly contributed to the second crash, which thus had been avoidable.{{Sfn|Brändström|2003|pp= 61, 72}} Brändström observed that media elements had called for greater public accountability and explanation of the project; ill-informed media analysis had also distorted public knowledge of the Gripen.{{Sfn|Brändström|2003|pp= 57–62}} The sitting Conservative government quickly endorsed and supported the Gripen&nbsp;– Minister of Defense Anders Björck issued a public reassurance that the project was very positive for Sweden.{{Sfn|Brändström|2003|pp=58–62, 72–73}} In connection to the Gripen's marketing efforts to multiple countries, including South Africa, Austria, the Czech Republic and Hungary, there were reports of widespread bribery and corruption by BAE&nbsp;Systems and Saab.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/07/bae-chiefs-linked-bribes-conspiracy |title= BAE chiefs 'linked to bribes conspiracy' |newspaper= The Observer |place= United Kingdom |publisher= The Guardian |date= 7 February 2010 |access-date= 3 November 2013 |first1= David |last1= Leigh |first2= Rob |last2= Evans |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104220310/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/feb/07/bae-chiefs-linked-bribes-conspiracy |archive-date= 4 November 2013}}</ref><ref name= "saab clean" />  In 2007, Swedish journalists reported that BAE had paid bribes equivalent to millions of dollars.<ref>{{Cite news |language= sv |url= http://www.svt.se/ug/slutet-pa-jas-harvan |title= Greven som sätter punkt för JAS-härvan |trans-title= Count which closes the JAS-scandal |place= SE |publisher= SVT |date= 12 March 2013 |access-date= 18 June 2013 |archive-date= 2 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170802084110/http://www.svt.se/ug/slutet-pa-jas-harvan |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13813281 |title= Call for new South African arms deal investigation |date= 17 June 2011 |access-date= 18 June 2013 |publisher= BBC |work= News |place= United Kingdom |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121223173023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13813281 |archive-date= 23 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/07/31/hawks-reveal-arms-deal-bombshell |title= Hawks reveals Arms deal bombshell |place= {{wipe|South Africa}} |newspaper= The Sunday Times |date= 31 July 2011 |access-date= 18 June 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103161203/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2011/07/31/hawks-reveal-arms-deal-bombshell |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> Following criminal investigations in eight countries, only one individual in Austria, Alfons Mensdorf-Pouilly, was prosecuted for bribery. The scandal tarnished the international reputation of the Gripen, BAE&nbsp;Systems, Saab, and Sweden.<ref name="saab clean">{{Cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-corrupt.4.5672628.html |title= Sweden's squeaky-clean image sullied by scandals |newspaper= The New York Times |date= 11 May 2007 |access-date= 12 January 2014 |first= Ivar |last= Ekman |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130702015257/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-corrupt.4.5672628.html |archive-date= 2 July 2013}}</ref>

The Gripen's cost has been subject to frequent attention and speculation. In 2008, Saab announced reduced earnings for that year, partly attributing this to increased marketing costs for the aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |last1= Lindstroem |first1= Jakob |first2= Steve |last2= Rothwell |editor-last= Jasper |editor-first= Chris |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aY7i3Jy3VrDM |title= Saab Says 'Turmoil' in Swedish Budget Hurts Earnings |publisher= Bloomberg |date= 5 September 2008 |access-date= 2 November 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102121308/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aY7i3Jy3VrDM |archive-date= 2 November 2013}}</ref> In 2008, Saab disputed Norway's cost calculations for the Gripen&nbsp;NG as overestimated and in excess of real world performance with existing operators.<ref name="Norway calculations" /> A 2007 report by the European Union Institute for Security Studies stated the total research and development costs of Gripen were €1.84&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/occ69.pdf |series= Occasional Paper |number= 69 |title= Lessons learned from European defence equipment programmes |publisher= European Union Institute for Security Studies |date= October 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102225130/http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/occ69.pdf |archive-date= 2 November 2013}}</ref> According to a study by Jane's Information Group in 2012, the Gripen's operational cost was the lowest among several modern fighters; it was estimated at $4,700 per flight hour.<ref name="SP.com operational cost">{{cite web |last= Joshi |first= Saurabh |url= http://www.stratpost.com/gripen-operational-cost-lowest-of-all-western-fighters-janes |title= Gripen operational cost lowest of all western fighters: Jane's |work= Strat Post |date= 4 July 2012 |access-date= 27 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102135024/http://www.stratpost.com/gripen-operational-cost-lowest-of-all-western-fighters-janes |archive-date= 2 November 2013}}</ref> The Swedish Ministry of Defense estimated the cost of the full system, comprising 60&nbsp;Gripen&nbsp;E/F, at SEK&nbsp;90&nbsp;billion distributed over the period 2013–42. The Swedish Armed Forces estimated that maintaining 100 C/D-model aircraft until 2042 would cost SEK&nbsp;60 billion (€6.6&nbsp;billion in 2013), while buying aircraft from a foreign supplier would cost SEK&nbsp;110&nbsp;billion (€12.1&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{Cite news |language=sv|place= SE |url= http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/1.1122835-forsvaret-minst-60-super-jas-behovs |title= Försvaret: Minst 60 Super-Jas behövs |trans-title= Defense: At least 60 Super-Jas needed |work= Göteborgs-Posten |date= 17 November 2012 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131102172440/http://www.gp.se/nyheter/sverige/1.1122835-forsvaret-minst-60-super-jas-behovs |archive-date= 2 November 2013}}</ref>

==== Operational costs ====
Price of purchase is what gets most attention during the procurement process, but over the lifetime of an aircraft system the operating costs will take the larger part of the total budget. It is not uncommon that pilots and aircraft remain on the ground because the allocated funds for training have run out. Without sufficient practice, pilots cannot use the abilities of the aircraft to their full potential, which means a state of the art aircraft with poorly trained pilots can be expected to perform worse than trained pilots in slightly less capable aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stratpost.com/why-fighter-operating-costs-matter/ |title=Why fighter operating costs matter |access-date=6 April 2022 |author=Saurabh Joshi |date=12 September 2014 |work=StratPost |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531063414/https://stratpost.com/why-fighter-operating-costs-matter/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name= "Flygrevyn"/>

{| class="wikitable" |
|+ Cost per flight hour (CPFH)
|-
! Source|| JAS{{nbsp}}39 || F-35 || Eurofighter || Rafale || F/A-18{{nbsp}}E/F || F-16 Block{{nbsp}}40/50
|-
! IHS Jane's <br/>2012<ref>{{cite web |url= https://stratpost.com/gripen-operational-cost-lowest-of-all-western-fighters-janes/ |title= Gripen operational cost lowest of all western fighters: Jane's |access-date= 6 April 2022 |author= Saurabh Joshi |date= 4 July 2012 |work= StratPost |archive-date= 16 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140216090306/http://www.stratpost.com/gripen-operational-cost-lowest-of-all-western-fighters-janes |url-status= live }}</ref>
| 39C: US$5,800 || F-35A:{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}US$25,950 <br/>F-35B/C:{{nbsp}}US${{nbsp}}38,300 || US${{nbsp}}22,200, <br/>whereof fuel US${{nbsp}}10,100 || US${{nbsp}}20,400 || US${{nbsp}}13,600 || US${{nbsp}}8,700
|-
! ÖB Micael{{nbsp}}Bydén <br/>2014<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.svd.se/a/aae2f923-f182-3dd9-ad85-97a42056ece2/pressade-kostnader-kritiskt-for-gripen |title= Pressade kostnader kritiskt för Gripen |access-date= 6 April 2022 |author= Thomas Augustsson |date= 24 March 2014 |newspaper= Svenska Dagbladet |language= sv |quote= Det kostar oss 48 000 kronor per timme att flyga med Gripen, inklusive bränsle. Om planet inte haft så låg driftkostnad skulle flygvapnet aldrig ha råd med ett så stort system, säger Micael Bydén. |trans-quote= It costs us 48 000 SEK per hour to fly Gripen, including fuel. If the aircraft hadn't such a low operating cost, the airforce could never afford such a large fleet, Micael Bydén said |archive-date= 6 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220406152752/https://www.svd.se/a/aae2f923-f182-3dd9-ad85-97a42056ece2/pressade-kostnader-kritiskt-for-gripen |url-status= live }}</ref>
| SEK{{nbsp}}54,300 ||  ||  ||  || || 
|-
! Flygrevyn <br/>2021<ref name="Flygrevyn">{{cite magazine |title= Höga flygtimkostnader? Inte med Gripen |url= https://www.flygrevyn.se/tidigare-nummer/flygrevyn-8-2021/ |year= 2021 |magazine= Flygrevyn |location= Stockholm |publisher= Flygrevyn Förlags AB |issue= 8 |page= 23 |language= sv |access-date= 26 April 2022 |archive-date= 16 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220516151900/https://www.flygrevyn.se/tidigare-nummer/flygrevyn-8-2021/ |url-status= live }}</ref>
| SEK{{nbsp}}32,100 || SEK{{nbsp}}144,900 || SEK{{nbsp}}125,200 || SEK{{nbsp}}114,900 || SEK{{nbsp}}76,600 || SEK{{nbsp}}48,600
|-
| colspan="7" |All values are compensated for inflation and given in 2022 year's currency value rounded to neared hundreds.<br/>
Note that each source has used their own calculation model and thus are not directly comparative with each other.
|}

===JAS 39E/F and other developments {{anchor|Gripen NG|NG}}===
[[File:Saab JAS-39 of the Swedish Air Force undergoing inflight refuelling from a TP 84 Hercules (6803019594).jpg|thumb|A Swedish Air Force Gripen undergoing in-flight refuelling]]

A two-seat aircraft, designated "Gripen Demo", was ordered in 2007 as a testbed for various upgrades.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---6/gripen-demo--trail-blazing-the-future/ |title= Gripen Demo − Trail-blazing the future |publisher= Saab |date= 19 June 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103090849/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---6/gripen-demo--trail-blazing-the-future/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref><ref name= FI_Saab_reveals_Demo>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-saab-reveals-gripen-demo-aircraft-223212/ |title= Pictures: Saab reveals Gripen Demo aircraft |work= FlightGlobal |date= 23 April 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233856/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-saab-reveals-gripen-demo-aircraft-223212/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was powered by the [[Engineering:General Electric F414#Variants|General Electric F414G]], a development of the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet's engine.<ref name= NG_capabilities>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 25 April 2008 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saabs-demo-aircraft-to-highlight-gripen-ng-capabilities-223299/ |title= Saab's Demo aircraft to highlight Gripen NG capabilities |work= FlightGlobal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233859/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saabs-demo-aircraft-to-highlight-gripen-ng-capabilities-223299/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Gripen&nbsp;NG's maximum takeoff weight was increased from 14,000 to 16,000&nbsp;kg (30,900–35,300&nbsp;lb), internal fuel capacity was increased by 40&nbsp;per&nbsp;cent by relocating the undercarriage, which also allowed for two additional hardpoints be added on the fuselage underside. Its combat radius was {{Convert|1,300|km}} when carrying six&nbsp;AAMs and [[Engineering:Drop tank|drop tank]]s.<ref name= FI_Saab_reveals_Demo /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.jsfnieuws.nl/wp-content/NLGRIPENPRESSBRIEFAug08.pdf |title= Gripen NG for the RNLAF |place= Netherlands |newspaper= JSF nieuws |date= August 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103202954/http://www.jsfnieuws.nl/wp-content/NLGRIPENPRESSBRIEFAug08.pdf |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> The PS-05/A radar is replaced by the new Raven&nbsp;ES-05<ref>{{Citation |title= Raven |publisher= Selex ES |url= http://www.selex-es.com/-/raven-1 |access-date= 8 June 2015 |archive-date= 18 March 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150318140433/http://www.selex-es.com/-/raven-1 |url-status= live }}</ref> [[Engineering:Active electronically scanned array|active electronically scanned array]] (AESA) radar, which is based on the Vixen AESA radar family from Selex ES (since 2016 Finmeccanica, then Leonardo S.p.A.).<ref>{{Cite news |last= Schaerlaeckens |first= Leander |url= http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2009/04/16/Gripen-NG-to-carry-new-Finmeccanica-Selex-radar/UPI-74931239892716/ |title= Gripen NG to carry new Finmeccanica-Selex radar |work= United Press International |date= 16 April 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104082426/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2009/04/16/Gripen-NG-to-carry-new-Finmeccanica-Selex-radar/UPI-74931239892716/ |archive-date= 4 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="flight radar">{{cite web |last=Trimble |first=Stephen |date= 7 July 2012 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-saab-gripen-features-new-aesa-radar-373868/ |place= Farnborough |title= Saab Gripen features new AESA radar |work=FlightGlobal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103061610/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-saab-gripen-features-new-aesa-radar-373868/ |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Gripen Demo's [[Engineering:Maiden flight|maiden flight]] was conducted on 27 May 2008.<ref name= gripen_demo>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---5/saabs-maiden-flight-with-gripen-demo/ |title= Saab's maiden flight with Gripen Demo |publisher= Saab |date= 27 May 2007 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103090927/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---5/saabs-maiden-flight-with-gripen-demo/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |access-date= 21 July 2011}}</ref> On 21&nbsp;January 2009, the Gripen Demo flew at Mach&nbsp;1.2 without reheat to test its [[Engineering:Supercruise|supercruise]] capability.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-celebrates-supercruise-test-success-for-gripen-321428/ |title= Saab celebrates 'supercruise' test success for Gripen Demo |work= FlightGlobal |date= 22 January 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103232829/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-celebrates-supercruise-test-success-for-gripen-321428/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Gripen Demo served as a basis for the Gripen&nbsp;E/F, also referred to as the Gripen&nbsp;NG (Next Generation) and MS&nbsp;(Mission System) 21.<ref name= AW_Sweetman1>{{cite web |last= Sweetman |first= William 'Bill' |date= 14 June 2010 |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:34903d28-5d5a-4d03-99cc-6c12038c0ab4 |title= New Gripen Firms Up |work= Aviation Week |publisher= Penton Media |location= New York |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112030210/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog:27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post:34903d28-5d5a-4d03-99cc-6c12038c0ab4 |archive-date= 12 January 2014 |issn= 0005-2175}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title= Sweden will buy new Gripen |url= http://www.dailyairforce.com/175/sweden-will-buy-new-gripen/ |newspaper= Daily Air Force |quote= …a common configuration known as Materiel Standard (MS)… |access-date= 8 June 2015 |archive-date= 6 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006091744/http://www.dailyairforce.com/175/sweden-will-buy-new-gripen/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

Saab studied a variant of the Gripen capable of operating from aircraft carriers in the 1990s. In 2009, it launched the Sea Gripen project in response to India's request for information on a [[Engineering:Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based aircraft]]. Brazil may also require new carrier aircraft.<ref name= naval_Gripen /><ref name= DID_BRAZIL>{{Cite news |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/brazil-embarking-upon-f-x2-fighter-program-04179/ |title= F-X2: Brazil Picks Saab's JAS-39 Gripen-NG over Rafale, Super Hornet |date= 13 July 2014 |work= Defense Industry Daily |orig-year= 7 April 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111132446/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/brazil-embarking-upon-f-x2-fighter-program-04179/ |archive-date= 11 January 2014}}</ref> Following a meeting with Ministry of Defence (MoD) officials in May 2011, Saab agreed to establish a development center in the UK to expand on the Sea Gripen concept.<ref name= sea_gripen_1411>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-to-complete-sea-gripen-design-work-in-uk-357137/ |title= Saab to complete Sea Gripen design work in UK |work=FlightGlobal |date= 14 May 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104012000/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-to-complete-sea-gripen-design-work-in-uk-357137/ |archive-date= 4 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, Saab's Lennart Sindahl stated that development of an optionally manned Gripen&nbsp;E capable of flying unmanned operations was being explored by the firm; further development of optionally manned and carrier versions would require customer commitment.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Pocock |first1=Chris |first2= David |last2= Donald |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/paris-air-show/2013-06-19/defense-primes-discuss-fighter-updates-paris-2013 |title= Defense Primes Discuss Fighter Updates at Paris 2013 |work= AIN Online |date= 19 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217063152/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/paris-air-show/2013-06-19/defense-primes-discuss-fighter-updates-paris-2013 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="UAV">{{cite web |title= Sweden: Saab mulls development of Gripen UCAV |url= http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7092:sweden-saab-mulls-development-of-gripen-ucav&catid=1:europe&Itemid=57 |work= Defense Market Intelligence |date= 21 June 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217071107/http://dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7092:sweden-saab-mulls-development-of-gripen-ucav&catid=1:europe&Itemid=57 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> On 6 November 2014, the Brazilian Navy expressed interest in a carrier-based Gripen.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/158748/brazilian-navy-sees-possible-sea-gripen.html |title= FAB Signs Acquisition Agreement for Gripen NG Which Will Benefit the Navy of Brazil |date= 6 November 2014 |website= Defense-aerospace |publisher= Brazilian navy |access-date= 12 November 2014 |archive-date= 7 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142228/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/158748/brazilian-navy-sees-possible-sea-gripen.html |url-status= dead}}</ref>

In 2010, Sweden awarded Saab a four-year contract to improve the Gripen's radar and other equipment, integrate new weapons, and lower its operating costs.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sweden-funds-new-weapons-radar-boost-for-saab-gripen-339526/ |title= Sweden funds new weapons, radar boost for Saab Gripen |work=FlightGlobal |date= 16 March 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233623/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sweden-funds-new-weapons-radar-boost-for-saab-gripen-339526/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2010, Saab stated that Sweden planned to order the Gripen&nbsp;NG, designated JAS&nbsp;39E/F, and was to enter service in 2017 or earlier dependent on export orders.<ref name= AW_Sweetman1 /> On 25&nbsp;August 2012, following Switzerland's intention to buy 22 of the E/F variants, Sweden announced it planned to buy 40–60&nbsp;Gripen E/Fs.<ref name= DID>{{cite web |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/switzerland-replacing-its-f-5s-04624/ |title= Switzerland Replacing Old F-5 Fighters with New Gripen |work= Defense Industry Daily |date= 12 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103170231/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/switzerland-replacing-its-f-5s-04624/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> On 17&nbsp;January 2013, the Swedish government decided to purchase 60&nbsp;Gripen&nbsp;Es.<ref name="e order">{{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |date=17 January 2013 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/swedish-government-approves-60-aircraft-gripen-e-programme-381184/ |title=Swedish government approves 60-aircraft Gripen E programme |work=FlightGlobal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103062834/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/swedish-government-approves-60-aircraft-gripen-e-programme-381184/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |publisher= Reuters |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/saab-idUSL6N0AM3BG20130117 |date= 17 January 2013 |title= Swedish government OKs purchase of 60 Saab Gripen jets |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104014223/https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/17/saab-idUSL6N0AM3BG20130117 |archive-date= 4 November 2013}}</ref> Subsequent to a national referendum in 2014 Switzerland decided not to procure replacement fighters and postponed their procurement process.

In July 2013, assembly began on the first pre-production Gripen&nbsp;E.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-defense-perspective/2013-07-12/gripen-fires-production-meteor-gripen-e-assembly-begins |title= Gripen Fires Production Meteor; Gripen E Assembly Begins |last= Donald |first= David |publisher= AIN online |date= 12 July 2013 |access-date= 3 April 2014 |archive-date= 5 September 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140905120603/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/ain-defense-perspective/2013-07-12/gripen-fires-production-meteor-gripen-e-assembly-begins |url-status= dead}}</ref> Originally 60 JAS 39Cs were to be retrofitted as JAS 39Es by 2023,<ref>{{Cite press release |publisher= Saab |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/About-Saab/Newsroom/Press-releases--News/2013---12/Saab-far-serieproduktionsbestallning-pa-Gripen-E-for-Sverige/ |title= Saab får serieproduktionsbeställning på Gripen E för Sverige |date= 18 December 2013 |language=sv|trans-title= Saab receives order for series production Gripen E for Sweden |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131226222454/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/About-Saab/Newsroom/Press-releases--News/2013---12/Saab-far-serieproduktionsbestallning-pa-Gripen-E-for-Sverige/ |archive-date= 26 December 2013 |access-date= 26 December 2013}}</ref> but this was revised to Gripen&nbsp;Es having new-built airframes and some reused parts from JAS&nbsp;39Cs.<ref>{{cite news |first= Monica |last= Kleja |title= Nya Gripen utmanar ryska stridsflygplanen |url= http://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/nya-gripen-utmanar-ryska-stridsflygplanen-6574644 |date= 17 May 2016 |work= Ny Teknik |language= sv |access-date= 23 May 2016 |archive-date= 24 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124040239/http://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/nya-gripen-utmanar-ryska-stridsflygplanen-6574644 |url-status= live }}</ref> In March 2014, Saab revealed the detailed design and indicated plans to receive military type certification in 2018.<ref name= "Hoyle 2014‐03‐13">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-reveals-full-gripen-e-design-cost-savings-396977/ |title= Saab reveals full Gripen E design, cost savings |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 13 March 2014 |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 13 March 2014 |archive-date= 13 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170313200034/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-reveals-full-gripen-e-design-cost-savings-396977/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The first Gripen&nbsp;E was rolled out on 18&nbsp;May 2016.<ref>{{cite web |work= Thai military & Asia region |date= 18 May 2016 |publisher= Word press |url= https://thaimilitaryandasianregion.wordpress.com/2016/05/18/pictures-saab-rolls-out-first-gripen-e-fighter/ |title= Saab rolls out first Gripen E fighter – with video |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180813072613/https://thaimilitaryandasianregion.wordpress.com/2016/05/18/pictures-saab-rolls-out-first-gripen-e-fighter/ |archive-date= 13 August 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref> Saab delayed the first flight from 2016 to 2017 to focus on civilian-grade software certification;<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |title= Gripen E flight slips into 2017 as Saab puts software first |work= FlightGlobal |date= 24 November 2016 |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-flight-slips-into-2017-as-saab-puts-softwar-431790/ |place= London |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 18 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170118052211/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-flight-slips-into-2017-as-saab-puts-softwar-431790/ |url-status= live }}</ref> high speed taxi tests began in December 2016.<ref>{{Citation |title= Gripen E programme: taxi tests |publisher= Saab |type= video |work= YouTube |url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=QrDdawFwpMY |date= 14 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title= Saab begins taxi tests of first Gripen E Fighter |work= Defense Aerospace |via= FMV |date= 21 December 2016 |url= http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/179800/saab-begins-taxi-tests-of-first-gripen-e-fighter.html |access-date= 11 February 2020 |archive-date= 25 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220225194720/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/179800/saab-begins-taxi-tests-of-first-gripen-e-fighter.html |url-status= dead}}</ref>  In September 2015, Saab Aeronautics head Lennart Sindahl stated that an [[Social:Electronic warfare|Electronic Warfare]] version of the Gripen F two-seater could be developed.{{Sfn|Mader|2015 |ps=: 'One of the ideas, once we have that F-model […] is that the future market will need a dedicated electronic-attack version…'}} On 15&nbsp;June 2017, Saab completed the Gripen&nbsp;E's first flight.<ref>{{cite news |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |place= London |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-saabs-gripen-e-makes-flight-debut-438259/ |title= Saab's Gripen E makes flight debut |publisher= Reed Business Information |work= FlightGlobal |date= 15 June 2017 |access-date= 15 June 2017 |archive-date= 15 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170615182351/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-saabs-gripen-e-makes-flight-debut-438259/ |url-status= live }}</ref> By May 2018, the Gripen&nbsp;E had attained supersonic flight and was to commence load tests.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen E ready for weapons carriage trials |work= FlightGlobal |place= London |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 17 May 2018 |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-ready-for-weapons-carriage-trials-448691/}}</ref> On 24&nbsp;November 2021, Saab announced that the first six Gripen&nbsp;Es were ready to be delivered to the Swedish and Brazilian air forces. The flight test programme with pre-production Gripen&nbsp;Es continued even after initial deliveries to both the Swedish and Brazilian Air Forces.<ref name= "gripen_e_serial_delivery">{{cite web |url= https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/aircraft-propulsion/saab-begins-serial-gripen-e-deliveries-brazil-sweden/ |title= Saab Begins Serial Gripen E Deliveries to Brazil, Sweden |date= 24 November 2021 |website= Aviation Week |publisher= Informa PLC |access-date= 7 December 2021 |archive-date= 7 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211207213757/https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/aircraft-propulsion/saab-begins-serial-gripen-e-deliveries-brazil-sweden |url-status= live }}</ref>

==Design==

===Overview===
[[File:Saab JAS-39C Gripen, Sweden - Air Force AN2279593.jpg|thumb|Underside of a Gripen in flight, 2012|alt=Jet aircraft performing rolls while climbing.]]

The Gripen is a multirole fighter aircraft, intended as a light-weight and agile aerial platform with advanced, highly adaptable avionics. It has [[Engineering:Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] control surfaces that contribute a positive lift force at all speeds, while the generous lift from the [[Engineering:Delta wing|delta wing]] compensates for the rear stabiliser producing negative lift at high speeds, increasing induced drag.<ref>{{Citation |last= Karlsson |first= Arne |language=sv|title= Kompendium till 4E1201 Flygteknik |trans-title= Compendium to 4E1201 Aeronautical Engineering |year= 1998 |place= Sweden |publisher= KTH}}</ref> Being intentionally unstable and employing digital fly-by-wire flight controls to maintain stability removes many flight restrictions, improves [[Social:Supermaneuverability|manoeuvrability]], and reduces drag.{{Sfn|Lindqvist|Widfeldt|2003|pp= 50–60, 133–37}}<ref name="saab tech specs"/> The Gripen also has good short takeoff performance, being able to maintain a high sink rate and strengthened to withstand the stresses of short landings.{{Sfn|Green|Swanborough |1987|pp= 227–28}} A pair of air brakes are located on the sides of the rear fuselage; the canards also angle downward to act as air brakes and decrease landing distance.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|pp= 81–82}} It is capable of flying at a 70–80&nbsp;degrees angle of attack.<ref>{{Citation |publisher= Mach flyg |title= JAS |url= http://www.mach-flyg.com/utg80/80jas_uc.html |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141127200736/http://www.mach-flyg.com/utg80/80jas_uc.html |archive-date= 27 November 2014}}</ref>

To enable the Gripen to have a long service life, roughly 50&nbsp;years, Saab designed it to have low maintenance requirements.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|pp= 125, 130|ps=: 'extremely low-cost maintenance, or even “maintenance-free design” […] To reduce maintenance costs of aircraft & aircraft engines, sensors are increasingly used to monitor the health of the different functions that make up the whole.'}} Major systems such as the RM12&nbsp;engine and PS-05/A&nbsp;radar are [[Modularity|modular]] to reduce operating cost and increase reliability.<ref name="saab tech specs"/> The Gripen was designed to be flexible, so that newly developed sensors, computers, and armaments could be integrated as technology advances.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=791 |title= Fighter Aircraft Design: Then and Now |website= Gripen: the smart fighter |type= [[World Wide Web]] log |publisher= Saab |date= 10 December 2013 |access-date= 12 January 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140111035631/http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=791 |archive-date= 11 January 2014}}</ref> The aircraft was estimated to be roughly 67%&nbsp;sourced from Swedish or European suppliers and 33%&nbsp;from the US.<ref name=dn>{{cite web |last= Tran |first= Pierre |url= http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3627265&c=EUR&s=TOP |title= Buy Now, Save a Bundle on the F-35 |work= Defense News |date= 15 July 2008 |publisher= Gannett |location= Springfield, VA |issn= 0884-139X}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

One key aspect of the Gripen programme that Saab have been keen to emphasize has been technology-transfer agreements and industrial partnerships with export customers.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/Industrial-partnership/ |title= Gripen and Switzerland: Industrial Partnership |publisher= Saab |access-date= 6 January 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131220070215/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/Industrial-partnership/ |archive-date= 20 December 2013}}</ref> The Gripen is typically customized to customer requirements, enabling the routine inclusion of local suppliers in the manufacturing and support processes. A number of South African firms provide components and systems – including the communications suite and electronic warfare systems – for the Gripens operated by the South African Air Force.{{Sfn|Henk|2006|p= 73}} Operators also have access to the Gripen's source code and technical documentation, allowing for upgrades and new equipment to be independently integrated.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.swedenabroad.com/SelectImageX/115931/071024_Gripen_Press_Hand_Out.pdf |title= Facts on the Bilateral Cooperation Program between Thailand and Sweden by the Swedish Government |publisher= Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Sweden) |access-date= 3 September 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217011145/http://www.swedenabroad.com/SelectImageX/115931/071024_Gripen_Press_Hand_Out.pdf |archive-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some export customers intend to domestically assemble the Gripen; it has been proposed that Brazilian aerospace manufacturer [[Company:Embraer|Embraer]] may produce Gripens for other export customers as well.<ref name="Braz build">{{Cite news |last= Trevisani |first= Paulo |url= https://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20131220-710814.html |title= New Gripen Fighter to Be Built at Brazil-Based Plant, Saab Executive Says |work= The Wall Street Journal |date= 20 December 2013 |access-date= 12 January 2014 |archive-date= 26 February 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140226081357/https://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20131220-710814.html |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Grip e value">{{cite web |last= O'Dwyer |first= Gerald |url= http://www.defensenews.com/article/20131224/DEFREG01/312240006/Swedish-Government-Looks-Add-Value-Gripen-E-Sale-Talks |title= Swedish Government Looks to Add Value to Gripen-E Sale Talks |work= Defense News |date= 24 December 2013 |publisher= Gannett |location= Springfield, VA |issn= 0884-139X |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140111225334/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20131224/DEFREG01/312240006/Swedish-Government-Looks-Add-Value-Gripen-E-Sale-Talks |archive-date= 11 January 2014 |access-date= 11 January 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

===Avionics and sensors===
All of the Gripen's avionics are fully integrated using five [[MIL-STD-1553]]B digital [[Engineering:Bus (computing)|data buses]], in what is described as "[[Sensor fusion|sensor fusion]]".<ref name="saab tech specs" /> The total integration of the avionics makes the Gripen a "programmable" aircraft, allowing software updates to be introduced over time to increase performance and allow for additional operational roles and equipment.{{Sfn|Frédriksen|2001|p= 280}} The Ada programming language was adopted for the Gripen, and is used for the primary flight controls on the final prototypes from 1996 onwards and all subsequent production aircraft.{{Sfn|Frisberg|1998|p= 288}} The Gripen's software is [[Continuous delivery|continuously being improved]] to add new capabilities, as compared to the preceding Viggen, which was updated only in an 18-month schedule.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|p= 125|ps=: 'The Viggen software was updated every 18 months on average. The Gripen software is updated […] continuously.'}}

Much of the data generated from the onboard sensors and by cockpit activity is digitally recorded throughout the length of an entire mission. This information can be replayed in the cockpit or easily extracted for detailed post-mission analysis using a data transfer unit that can also be used to insert mission data to the aircraft.<ref name="gripen mission"/><ref name="saab cockpit"/> The Gripen, like the Viggen, was designed to operate as one component of a networked national defence system, which allows for automatic exchange of information in [[Real-time data|real-time]] between Gripen aircraft and ground facilities.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|p= 126}} According to Saab, the Gripen features "the world's most highly developed data link".<ref name="saab tech specs" /> The Gripen's Ternav tactical navigation system combines information from multiple onboard systems such as the [[Engineering:Air data computer|air data computer]], [[Earth:Radar altimeter|radar altimeter]], and [[Engineering:GPS|GPS]] to continuously calculate the Gripen's location.<ref>{{cite web |last= Sherman |first= Ron |url= http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/The-Gripens-NATO-ized-NINS_12891.html |title= The Gripen's NATO-ized Nins |work= Aviation Today |date= 1 October 2002 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217013108/http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/The-Gripens-NATO-ized-NINS_12891.html |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref>

The Gripen entered service using the PS-05/A&nbsp;[[Physics:Pulse-Doppler radar|pulse-Doppler]] [[Physics:X band|X band]] multi-mode [[Engineering:Radar|radar]], developed by [[Company:Ericsson|Ericsson]] and GEC-Marconi, which is based on the latter's advanced [[Engineering:Blue Vixen|Blue Vixen]] radar for the Sea Harrier that also served as the basis for the Eurofighter's [[Engineering:Euroradar CAPTOR|CAPTOR]] radar.{{Sfn |Lake|2008|p= 2}}<ref name="saab tech specs" /> The all-weather radar is capable of locating and identifying targets 120&nbsp;km (74&nbsp;mi) away,{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 74}} and automatically tracking multiple targets in the upper and lower spheres, on the ground and sea or in the air. It can guide several beyond visual range [[Engineering:Air-to-air missile|air-to-air missile]]s to multiple targets simultaneously.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title= Aircraft systems designs driven by pilots, versatility |magazine= Signals |year= 1994 |volume=49 |quote= The radar can guide several air to missiles to targets located beyond visual range simultaneously. |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4Ig-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA41 |page=32 |publisher= Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association |location= Fairfax, VA |issn=0037-4938}}</ref> Saab stated the PS-05/A is able to handle all types of air defence, air-to-surface, and reconnaissance missions,<ref name="saab tech specs" /> and is developing a Mark&nbsp;4 upgrade to it.<ref>{{cite web |title= Saab sees growing Gripen fighter demand amid Russia tensions |date= 27 April 2015 |place= Linköping, SE |work= Reuters |url= http://reuters.com/article/idUSL8N0XO2RK20150427 |access-date= 2 May 2015 |archive-date= 1 March 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210301163212/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL8N0XO2RK20150427 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= Sweetman |first= William 'Bill' |date= 27 April 2015 |title= Gripen radar upgrade aimed at Sweden & exports |url= http://m.aviationweek.com/defense/gripen-radar-upgrade-aimed-sweden-and-exports |place= Linköping, SE |work= Aerospace Daily & Defense Report |publisher= Aviation Week |access-date= 2 May 2015 |quote= …the Saab PS-05/A Mk.&nbsp;4 bucks the trend toward electronically scanned arrays in radar design by retaining a mechanically scanned antenna. A prototype made its first flight in a Gripen in December, on a JAS&nbsp;39D, and the radar is being offered to the Swedish air force and to export customers. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170207081150/http://m.aviationweek.com/defense/gripen-radar-upgrade-aimed-sweden-and-exports |archive-date= 7 February 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The Mark&nbsp;4 version has a 150%&nbsp;increase in high-altitude air-to-air detection ranges, detection and tracking of smaller targets at current ranges, 140%&nbsp;improvement in air-to-air mode at low altitude, and full integration of modern weapons such as the AIM-120C-7 AMRAAM, AIM-9X Sidewinder, and MBDA Meteor missiles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=29 April 2015 |title= Saab reveals enhanced radar for Gripen C/D fighter |url= http://www.janes.com/article/51080/saab-reveals-enhanced-radar-for-gripen-c-d-fighter |access-date=2 May 2015 |work=IHS Jane's International Defence Review |place= Linköping, SE |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151220010101/http://www.janes.com/article/51080/saab-reveals-enhanced-radar-for-gripen-c-d-fighter |archive-date=20 December 2015 |url-status=dead |quote=The upgraded radar, designated PS-05/A Mk4, features a new hardware and software, with the primary changes being in the system's 'back end'. A mechanically scanned radar, the Mk4 will offer a 150 % increase in high-altitude air-to-air detection ranges over the current Mk3 radar… In the air-to-air mode at low altitude, the Mk4 will provide a 140 % improvement over current capabilities by 2017… In addition to improving detection ranges, the Mk4 will allow for the full integration of modern weapon systems, such as the Raytheon Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) C-7, the Raytheon AIM-9X Sidewinder, and the MBDA Meteor beyond-visual-range missile.}}</ref>

The future Gripen&nbsp;E/F will use a new AESA radar, Raven&nbsp;ES-05, based on the Vixen AESA radar family from Selex ES.<ref name="flight radar" /> Among other improvements, the new radar is to be capable of scanning over a greatly increased field of view and improved range.<ref name="stratpost">{{cite web |last= Joshi |first= Saurabh |url= http://www.stratpost.com/gripen-hardsells-new-aesa-radar-low-cost-for-mmrca |title= Gripen hardsells new AESA radar, low cost for MMRCA |work= Strat Post |date= 10 September 2009 |access-date= 23 March 2010 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103132052/http://www.stratpost.com/gripen-hardsells-new-aesa-radar-low-cost-for-mmrca |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> In addition, the new Gripen integrates the Skyward-G [[Physics:Infra-red search and track|Infra-red search and track]]&nbsp;(IRST) sensor, which is capable of passively detecting thermal emissions from air and ground targets in the aircraft's vicinity.<ref name="other sensors">{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Other-sensors/ |work= The Gripen Solution |title= Other Sensors |publisher= Saab |access-date= 4 January 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219235627/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Other-sensors/ |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref> The sensors of the Gripen&nbsp;E are claimed to be able to detect low [[Physics:Radar cross-section|radar cross-section]] (RCS) targets at beyond visual range.<ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/AW_03_17_2014_p28-671791.xml |title= Gripen Sensors Claim Counter-Stealth Performance |newspaper= Aviation week |date= 17 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140318220144/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2FAW_03_17_2014_p28-671791.xml |archive-date= 18 March 2014 |access-date= 19 January 2021 |url-status= live}}</ref> Targets are tracked by a "best sensor dominates" system, either by onboard sensors or through the Transmitter Auxiliary Unit (TAU) data link function of the radar.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://sesam.smart-lab.se/seminarier/Hostsem07/Gripen.pdf |title= Saab History of Aircraft Data Links |last= Lundqvist |first= Anders |date= 31 October 2007 |website= Smart-lab |place= SE |publisher= Saab |access-date= 17 March 2014 |archive-date= 18 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140318193249/http://sesam.smart-lab.se/seminarier/Hostsem07/Gripen.pdf |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1556 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140318210311/http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1556|url-status= dead|archive-date= 18 March 2014 |title= PS 05/A – Fighter Radar Total Situation Awareness |year= 2014 |publisher= Saab |access-date= 17 March 2014}}</ref>

===Cockpit===
[[File:Saab JAS-39C Gripen MFD at ADAS 2018.jpg|thumb|JAS 39C Gripen cockpit]]
[[File:Saab Gripen NG cabina.png|thumb|Cockpit of Brazilian Gripen NG with Wide Area Display]]

The primary flight controls are compatible with the Hands On Throttle-And-Stick ([[Engineering:HOTAS|HOTAS]]) control principle&nbsp;– the centrally mounted stick, in addition to flying the aircraft, also controls the cockpit displays and weapon systems. A triplex, digital fly-by-wire system is employed on the Gripen's flight controls,<ref name="saab tech specs">{{cite web|url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen/Gripen/Technical-specifications |work=Gripen fighter system |title=Technical Specifications |publisher=Saab |date=3 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200337/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen/Gripen/Technical-specifications/ |archive-date= 29 October 2013}}</ref> with a mechanical backup for the throttle.<ref name="Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se">{{cite web |language=sv|url= http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.174315 |title= Reaktionsmotor 12 – både vacker och stark |trans-title= Reaction Engine 12 – both beautiful and strong |publisher= IDG |work= Tech World |date= 8 January 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140107044556/http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.174315 |archive-date= 7 January 2014}}</ref> Additional functions, such as communications, navigational and decision support data, can be accessed via the Up Front Control Panel, directly above the central cockpit display.<ref name="annotated cockpit">{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Saab_Gripen_Cockpit.jpg |work= The Gripen |title= Human Machine Interface |publisher= Saab |type= product sheet |format= [[JPEG]] |access-date= 3 September 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131030084410/http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Saab_Gripen_Cockpit.jpg |archive-date= 30 October 2013}}</ref> The Gripen includes the EP-17&nbsp;cockpit display system, developed by Saab to provide pilots with a high level of situational awareness and reduces pilot workload through intelligent information management. The Gripen features a sensor fusion capability, information from onboard sensors and databases is combined, automatically analysed, and useful data is presented to the pilot via a wide field-of-view Head-Up Display, three large multi-function colour displays, and optionally a Helmet Mounted Display System (HMDS).<ref name="saab cockpit">{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Avionics_Systems/Avionics_Equipment/EP_17_Gripen_Display_System_HUD/Features/ |title= Ep-17 Gripen Display System |publisher= Saab |access-date= 3 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092341/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Avionics_Systems/Avionics_Equipment/EP_17_Gripen_Display_System_HUD/Features/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Of the three multi-function displays&nbsp;(MFD), the central display is for navigational and mission data, the display to the left of the center shows aircraft status and electronic warfare information, and the display to the right of the center has sensory and fire control information.<ref name="annotated cockpit" /> In two-seat variants, the rear seat's displays can be operated independently of the pilot's own display arrangement in the forward seat. Saab has promoted this capability as being useful during electronic warfare and reconnaissance missions, and while carrying out command and control activities.<ref name="saab cockpit"/> In May 2010, Sweden began equipping their Gripens with additional onboard computer systems and new displays.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/05/26/Saab-to-develop-new-Gripen-avionics/UPI-73771274898005/ |title= Saab to develop new Gripen avionics |work= United Press International |date= 26 May 2010 |access-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092248/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2010/05/26/Saab-to-develop-new-Gripen-avionics/UPI-73771274898005/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> The MFDs are interchangeable and designed for redundancy in the event of failure, flight information can be presented on any of the displays.<ref name="Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se" />

Saab and BAE developed the Cobra HMDS for use in the Gripen, based on the Striker HMDS used on the Eurofighter.{{Sfn|Larsson|Ekrot|2010|p=1}} By 2008, the Cobra HMDS was fully integrated on operational aircraft, and is available as an option for export customers; it has been retrofitted into older Swedish and South African Gripens.{{Sfn|Larsson|Ekrot|2010|p=1}} The HMDS provides control and information on target cueing, sensor data, and flight parameters, and is optionally equipped for night time operations and with chemical/biological filtration.<ref name="gripen mission"/> All connections between the HMDS and the cockpit were designed for rapid detachment, for safe use of the ejection system.{{Sfn|Larsson|Ekrot|2010|pp=2, 4}}

===Engine===
[[File:Klargoring av JAS 39 Gripen pa F17, Kallinge Sverige (4).jpg|thumb|A technician inspecting a Gripen's [[Engineering:Volvo RM12|RM12]] engine in-situ|alt= Headphone-wearing technician in green uniform, inspecting the engine nozzle of a single-engine fighter jet]]
{{further|Engineering:Volvo RM12}}

All in-service Gripens as of January 2014 are powered by a Volvo RM12 [[Engineering:Turbofan|turbofan]] engine (now GKN Aerospace Engine Systems), a licence-manufactured derivative of General Electric F404, fed by a Y-duct with splitter plates; changes include increased performance and improved reliability to meet single engine use safety criteria, as well as a greater resistance to bird strike incidents.<ref name="Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se"/><ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine= Flight International |date= 2–8 February 1994 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%200261.html |title= Resonance problem hits Gripen Engine |location= London, UK |publisher= Reed Business Information |issue= 4406 |volume= 145 |page= 15 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |access-date= 16 December 2013 |issn= 0015-3710 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216031824/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1994/1994%20-%200261.html |archive-date= 16 December 2013}}</ref> Several subsystems and components were also redesigned to reduce maintenance demands.<ref name="Volvo 10000">{{cite web |title= Gripen surpasses 100,000 flight hours – Volvo Aero's engine safest in the world |url= http://www.vfsco.com/financialservices/hungary/hu-hu/news_media/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=36253&News.Language=en-gb |publisher= Volvo Aero |date= 31 January 2008 |access-date= 12 January 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140110084849/http://www.vfsco.com/financialservices/hungary/hu-hu/news_media/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=36253&News.Language=en-gb |archive-date= 10 January 2014}}</ref> By November 2010, the Gripen had accumulated over 143,000 flight hours without a single engine-related failure or incident; Rune Hyrefeldt, head of Military Program management at Volvo Aero, stated: "I think this must be a hard record to beat for a single-engine application".<ref name="Volvo 10000"/>

Like the Gripen, test models of the Dassault Rafale used F404&nbsp;engines until replaced by the [[Engineering:Snecma M88|SNECMA M88-2]]&nbsp;engine on production aircraft.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51213421 |title=Superfighters: the next generation of combat aircraft |date=2002 |publisher=AIRtime Pub |author=Mel Williams |isbn=1-880588-53-6 |location=Norwalk, Conn. |pages=92 |oclc=51213421}}</ref>  A JAS 39C variant powered by a new {{cvt|80|–|93|kN|kgf lbf}} thrust SNECMA M88-3 engine was proposed.<ref name="FI19910410">{{cite magazine |last1=Norris |first1=Guy |last2=Sedbon |first2=Gilbert |title=Power to progress |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%200941.html |date=10–16 April 1991 |magazine= Flight International |location=London, UK |publisher=Reed Business Information |issue=4262 |volume=139 |pages=32–36 [https://web.archive.org/web/20100113171440/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%200942.html] |issn= 0015-3710 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113154346/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%200941.html |archive-date=13 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="FI19940921">{{cite magazine |surname=Elliott |given=Simon |title=Nerve centre: Sweden prepares to open its tactical training and conversion center for the JAS39 Gripen |magazine=Flight International |volume=146 |number=4439 |publication-date=21 September 1994 |pages=40+ |id={{Gale|A16135865}} |issn=0015-3710}}</ref> The M88-3&nbsp;variant would have a new low pressure compressor (LPC) with a new variable [[Engineering:Stator|stator]] vane stage and an increased mass flow of {{cvt|73.4|kg/s}}.<ref name="FI19990609">{{cite magazine |issn=0015-3710 |magazine=Flight International |title=Snecma M88 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/snecma-m88/26559.article |access-date=10 July 2020 |publication-date=9 June 1999 |page=90 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919164459/https://www.flightglobal.com/snecma-m88/26559.article |url-status=live }}</ref>

The JAS&nbsp;39E and F variants under development are to adopt the F414G powerplant, a variant of the General Electric F414. The F414G can produce 20%&nbsp;greater thrust than the current RM12&nbsp;engine, enabling the Gripen to supercruise at a speed of Mach&nbsp;1.1 while carrying an air-to-air combat payload.<ref name= NG_capabilities/> In 2010, Volvo Aero stated it was capable of further developing its RM12&nbsp;engine to better match the performance of the F414G, and claimed that developing the RM12 would be a less expensive option.<ref name="karl 19">{{Cite news |last= Karlberg |first= Lars Anders |url= http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article2510693.ece |language=sv|title= Volvo vill trimma Gripens motor |trans-title= Volvo wants to trim the Gripen's engine |work= Ny Teknik |date= 19 November 2010 |place= SE |access-date= 15 June 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140110085415/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article2510693.ece |archive-date= 10 January 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref> Prior to Saab's selection of the F414G, the [[Engineering:Eurojet EJ200|Eurojet EJ200]] had also been under consideration for the Gripen; proposed implementations included the use of [[Engineering:Thrust vectoring|thrust vectoring]].<ref>{{cite web |date= 27 May 1998 |title= Eurojet aims EJ200 variant at thrust vectored Gripen |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurojet-aims-ej200-variant-at-thrust-vectored-gripen-37567/ |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 13 January 2014 |archive-date= 27 December 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161227140557/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurojet-aims-ej200-variant-at-thrust-vectored-gripen-37567/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Equipment and armaments===
The Gripen is compatible with a number of different armaments, beyond the aircraft's single 27&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Mauser BK-27|Mauser BK-27]] cannon (omitted on the two-seat variants),<ref>{{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nato-exercises-test-gripen-credentials-316841/ |title= NATO exercises test Gripen credentials |work=FlightGlobal |date= 7 October 2008 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217031220/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nato-exercises-test-gripen-credentials-316841/ |archive-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> including air-to-air missiles such as the [[Engineering:AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9 Sidewinder]], air-to-ground missiles such as the AGM-65 Maverick, and [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]s such as the [[Engineering:RBS-15|RBS-15]].<ref>{{Cite journal |first= Martin |last= Waligorski |date= April 2000 |url= http://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2000/04/stuff_eng_detail_gripen_08.htm |title= JAS 39 Gripen in Detail – Underwing Stores and Armament |journal= IPMS |place= Stockholm |access-date= 22 September 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217013212/http://www.ipmsstockholm.org/magazine/2000/04/stuff_eng_detail_gripen_08.htm |archive-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref> In 2010, the Swedish Air Force's Gripen fleet completed the MS19&nbsp;upgrade process, enabling compatibility with a range of weapons, including the long-range MBDA Meteor missile, the short-range IRIS-T missile and the GBU-49&nbsp;laser-guided bomb.<ref name= View_from_Sweden>{{Cite journal |title= Saab Gripen: The View from Sweden |type= supplement |journal= Combat Aircraft Monthly |publisher= Ian Allan Publishing |location= Shepperton, Middlesex |date= December 2010}}</ref> Speaking on the Gripen's selection of armaments, Saab's campaign director for India, Edvard de la Motte stated that: "If you buy Gripen, select where you want your weapons from: Israel, Sweden, Europe, US… South America. It's up to the customer".<ref name="stratpost" />

In flight, the Gripen is typically capable of carrying up to {{convert |14330|lb|kg|abbr=on|order=flip}} of assorted armaments and equipment.{{Sfn|Frédriksen|2001|p= 280}} Equipment includes external sensor pods for reconnaissance and target designation, such as Rafael's LITENING targeting pod, Saab's Modular Reconnaissance Pod System, or Thales' Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saairforce.co.za/the-airforce/weapons/71/litening-iii-targeting-pod |title= Litening III targeting pod |publisher=The South African Air Force (unofficial website)|access-date= 2 September 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130501003731/http://www.saairforce.co.za/the-airforce/weapons/71/litening-iii-targeting-pod |archive-date= 1 May 2013}}</ref> The Gripen has an advanced and integrated electronic warfare suite, capable of operating in an undetectable passive mode or to actively jam hostile radar; a missile approach warning system passively detects and tracks incoming missiles.<ref name="other sensors"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Survivability/ |work= The Gripen Solution |title= Survivability |publisher= Saab |access-date= 5 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219235551/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Survivability/ |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref> In November 2013, it was announced that Saab will be the first to offer the BriteCloud expendable Active jammer developed by Selex ES.<ref>{{Citation |title= Brite cloude launch |publisher= Selex ES |url= http://www.selex-es.com/-/britecloudlaunch |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131107223213/http://www.selex-es.com/-/britecloudlaunch |archive-date= 7 November 2013 |access-date= 9 December 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref> In June 2014, the Enhanced Survivability Technology Modular Self Protection Pod, a defensive missile countermeasure pod, performed its first flight on the Gripen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=978 |title=Introducing The ESTL Modular Self Protection Pod |date=11 August 2014 |website=Gripen blogs |publisher=Saab |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102857/http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=978 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Saab describes the Gripen as a "swing-role aircraft", stating that it is capable of "instantly switching between roles at the push of a button". The human/machine interface changes when switching between roles, being optimized by the computer in response to new situations and threats.<ref name="gripen mission">{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/The_Gripen_Mission.pdf |work= The Gripen |title= Mission |publisher= Saab |access-date= 4 September 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217020258/http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/The_Gripen_Mission.pdf |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> The Gripen is also equipped to use a number of different communications standards and systems, including SATURN secure radio, Link-16, ROVER, and satellite uplinks.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Communication/ |work= The Gripen Solution |title= Communications |publisher= Saab |access-date= 5 January 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219235634/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Communication/ |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref> Equipment for performing long range missions, such as an air-to-air refuelling probe and Onboard Oxygen Generation System (OBOGS), was integrated on the Gripen C/D.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Versions/ |work= The Gripen Solution |title= Versions |publisher= Saab |access-date= 5 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219235610/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-and-Switzerland/The-Gripen-Solution/Versions/ |archive-date=19 December 2013}}</ref>

===Usability and maintenance===
[[File:Gripen taking off from road runway.jpg|thumb|Gripen taking off from a road runway, that were part of the Bas 90 system.]]

During the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]], the Swedish Armed Forces were to be ready to defend against a possible invasion. This scenario required defensive force dispersal of combat aircraft in the Bas 90 system to maintain an air defence capacity.{{Sfn|Spick|2000|p= 426}} Thus, a key design goal during the Gripen's development was the ability to operate from snow-covered landing strips of only {{Convert |500|m|ft}};{{sfn|Lindqvist|Widfeldt|2003}}{{page needed|date= April 2022}} furthermore, a short-turnaround time of just ten minutes (attack mission preparations is double that time), during which a team composed of a technician and five conscripts would be able to re-arm, refuel, and perform routine inspections and servicing inside that time window before returning to flight for air-to-air missions. For air-to-ground missions this turnaround time using the same resource is slightly longer at twenty minutes.{{Sfn |Williams|2003|p= 82}}{{Sfn|Chant|Taylor|1999|p= 48}}

During the design process, great priority was placed on facilitating and minimizing aircraft maintenance; in addition to a maintenance-friendly layout, many subsystems and components require little or no maintenance at all.{{Sfn |Eliasson|2010|p= 130|ps=: 'To reduce maintenance costs of aircraft & aircraft engines, sensors are increasingly used to monitor the health of the different functions that make up the whole.'}} Aircraft are fitted with a Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) that monitors the performance of various systems, and provides information to technicians to assist in servicing it.<ref>{{cite web |work= Mission support systems |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Mission_Support_Systems/Maintenance_Ground_Support/Maintenance_Ground_Support_System/Features/ |title= Maintenance Ground Support System |publisher= Saab |access-date= 5 September 2012 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217105625/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Mission_Support_Systems/Maintenance_Ground_Support/Maintenance_Ground_Support_System/Features/ |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> Saab operates a continuous improvement programme; information from the HUMS and other systems can be submitted for analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Sandberg |first1= Anna |first2= Ulrika |last2= Strömberg |url= http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=843247 |title= Gripen: with focus on availability, performance and life support cost over the product life cycle |journal= Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering |year= 1999 |volume= 5 |issue= 4 |pages= 325–35 |issn= 1355-2511 |doi= 10.1108/13552519910298082 |access-date= 5 September 2012 |archive-date= 17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217110138/http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=843247 |url-status= live }}</ref> According to Saab, the Gripen provides "50% lower operating costs than its best competitor".<ref name="saab tech specs" />

A 2012 ''Jane's Aerospace and Defense Consulting'' study compared the operational costs of a number of modern combat aircraft, concluding that Gripen had the lowest ''cost per flight hour'' (CPFH) when fuel used, pre-flight preparation and repair, and scheduled airfield-level maintenance together with associated personnel costs were combined. The Gripen had an estimated CPFH of US$4,700 whereas the next lowest, the F-16&nbsp;Block 40/50, had a 49% higher&nbsp;CPFH at $7,000.<ref name="SP.com operational cost" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ftm.nl/upload/content/files/IHS%20Jane%27s%20Jet%20Operating%20Costs%20White%20Paper%20FINAL%2013th%20March%202012%281%29.pdf |place= NL |publisher= FMT |date= March 2012 |title=Fast jet operating cost per flight hour |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160816011111/https://www.ftm.nl/upload/content/files/IHS%20Jane%27s%20Jet%20Operating%20Costs%20White%20Paper%20FINAL%2013th%20March%202012%281%29.pdf |archive-date= 16 August 2016 |url-status=live |access-date= 6 April 2021}}</ref>

==Operational history==

===Sweden===
[[File:Gripen - RIAT 2010 (5737186379).jpg|thumb|Two-seater JAS 39B Gripen in flight]]

The {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} placed a total order for 204 Gripens<ref>{{cite web |date= 7 December 2003 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-uses-dubai-as-launchpad-for-world-sales-175985/ |title= Gripen uses Dubai as launchpad for world sales |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 19 January 2014 |quote= …the 204 Gripens on order from the Royal Swedish Air Force |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217061314/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-uses-dubai-as-launchpad-for-world-sales-175985/ |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> in three batches. The first delivery occurred on 8&nbsp;June 1993, when 39102 was handed over to the Flygvapnet during a ceremony at Linköping;<ref>{{Cite magazine |last= Elliott |first= Simon |date= 16–22 June 1993 |title= Swedish air force in air defense revamp |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%201477.html |magazine= Flight International |page= 30 |access-date= 19 January 2014 |via= Flightglobal/Archive |archive-date= 22 October 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141022065155/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1993/1993%20-%201477.html |url-status= live }}</ref> the last of the first batch was handed over on 13 December 1996.{{Sfn |Matláry|Ø̈sterud|2007|p= 150}} The Air Force received its first Batch&nbsp;II example on 19 December 1996.{{Sfn |Keijsper|2003|p= 30}} Instead of the fixed-price agreement of Batch&nbsp;I, Batch&nbsp;II aircraft were paid as a "target price" concept: any cost underruns or overruns would be split between FMV and Saab.{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}}

The JAS&nbsp;39 entered service with the Skaraborg Wing (F 7) on 1&nbsp;November 1997.{{Sfn|Eden|2004|p= 390}}{{Sfn |Spick|2000|p= 431}} The final Batch&nbsp;III aircraft was delivered to FMV on 26&nbsp;November 2008.<ref name= last_swaf /> This was accomplished at 10%&nbsp;less than the agreed-upon price for the batch, putting the JAS&nbsp;39C [[Finance:Flyaway cost|flyaway cost]] at under US$30&nbsp;million.<ref name=last_swaf>{{cite press release |last= Bjarke |first= Louise Wileen |url= http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/forsvarets_materielverk__fmv/pressreleases/stark-milstolpe-av-gripenprojektet-258602 |title= Stark milstolpe av Gripenprojektet |trans-title= Strong milestone by the Gripen project |language=sv|publisher= Swedish Defence Materiel Administration |date= 27 November 2008 |access-date= 12 February 2013 |quote= Kostnaden för hela delserien om 64 flygplan blev hela 1500 miljoner lägre än vad som avtalats [The cost of whole series of 64 aircraft became 1.5 billion lower than what has been agreed]. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140225031831/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/forsvarets_materielverk__fmv/pressreleases/stark-milstolpe-av-gripenprojektet-258602 |archive-date= 25 February 2014}}</ref> This batch of Gripens was equipped for in-flight refuelling from specially equipped [[Engineering:Lockheed C-130 Hercules|TP84s]].{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}} In 2007, a programme was started to upgrade 31 of the air force's JAS&nbsp;39A/B fighters to JAS&nbsp;39C/Ds.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---10/contract-finalized-on-gripens-future/ |title= Contract Finalized on Gripen's Future |publisher= Saab |date= 17 October 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092819/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2007---10/contract-finalized-on-gripens-future/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> The SwAF had a combined 134 JAS 39s in service in January 2013.<ref name= 2013_Aerospace>{{Cite journal |title= World Military Aircraft Inventory |journal= Aviation Week & Space Technology |publisher= Penton Media |location= New York |date= January 2013 |issn= 0005-2175}}</ref> In March 2015, the Swedish Air Force received its final JAS&nbsp;39C.<ref>{{cite web |first= Craig |last= Hoyle |place= London |date= 25 March 2015 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-swedish-air-force-receives-its-last-gripen-410525// |title= Swedish air force receives its last Gripen C |publisher= Reed |work= FightGlobal |access-date= 22 April 2015 |archive-date= 29 March 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150329004556/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-swedish-air-force-receives-its-last-gripen-410525/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 29 March 2011, the Swedish parliament approved the Swedish Air Force for a 3-month deployment to support the UN-mandated no-fly zone over Libya. Deployment of eight Gripens, ten pilots, and other personnel began on 2&nbsp;April.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/libya-sweden-sends-gripens-to-join-unified-protector-355099/ |title=Libya: Sweden sends Gripens to join Unified Protector |work=FlightGlobal |date=4 April 2011 |access-date=16 December 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131021210632/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/libya-sweden-sends-gripens-to-join-unified-protector-355099/ |archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> On 8&nbsp;June 2011, the Swedish government announced an agreement to extend the deployment for five of the Gripens.<ref>{{Cite news |date= 8 June 2011 |url= http://www.thelocal.se/20110608/34228 |title= Sweden reaches new deal on Libya mission |newspaper= The Local |place= SE |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216115140/http://www.thelocal.se/20110608/34228 |archive-date=16 December 2013}}</ref> By October 2011, Gripens had flown more than 650&nbsp;combat missions, almost 2,000&nbsp;flight hours, and delivered approximately 2,000&nbsp;reconnaissance reports to NATO.<ref>{{cite web |last=Silwer |first=Anders |place=SE |date=24 October 2011 |url= http://blogg.forsvarsmakten.se/flygvapenbloggen/2011/10/24/sista-uppdraget-over-libyen/ |title=Sista uppdraget över Libyen |language=sv|trans-title= Last mission over Libya |work=Flygvapenbloggen |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216103513/http://blogg.forsvarsmakten.se/flygvapenbloggen/2011/10/24/sista-uppdraget-over-libyen/ |archive-date=16 December 2013}}</ref> Journalist Tim Hepher suggested that the Libyan operations might stimulate sales of the Gripen and other aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Hepher |first= Tim |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/oukwd-uk-libya-arms-idAFTRE7331OW20110404 |type= special report |title= How Libya is a showcase in the new arms race |work= Reuters |date= 4 April 2011 |access-date= 16 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216103828/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/04/oukwd-uk-libya-arms-idAFTRE7331OW20110404 |archive-date= 16 December 2013}}</ref>

[[File:1025448 A Swedish JAS-39 Gripen returns to the play areas of the Arctic Challenge exercise Sept. 24, 2013.jpg|thumb|left|A Swedish Gripen during an exercise, 2013]]
In November 2012, Lieutenant Colonel Lars Helmrich of the Swedish Air Force testified to the Riksdag regarding the Gripen&nbsp;E. He stated that the then-current version of the Gripen would be outdated in air-to-air combat by 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |first= Monica |last=Kleja|url= http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3578741.ece |title= Gripen måste moderniseras för att klara flygstrider |trans-title=Gripen has to be modernized to meet air battles |work= Ny Teknik |date= 8 November 2013|access-date=18 December 2013 |language=sv|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112120537/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3578741.ece |archive-date= 12 January 2014}}</ref> With 60 Gripens having been judged to be the minimum required to defend Swedish Airspace, the Swedish Air Force wanted to have 60–80 Gripens upgraded to the E/F&nbsp;standard by 2020.<ref name="Riksdagen">{{cite web |url= http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Utskott-EU-namnd/Forsvarsutskottet/Oppna-utfragningar/Oppen-utfragning/?did=H0C220121108ou2&doctype=samtr |title= Öppen utfrågning om nästa generation JAS Gripen |trans-title= Open hearing on the next generation of the JAS Gripen |language= sv |publisher= Riksdagen |place= SE |date= 8 November 2012 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |archive-date= 22 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222082150/http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Utskott-EU-namnd/Forsvarsutskottet/Oppna-utfragningar/Oppen-utfragning/?did=H0C220121108ou2&doctype=samtr |url-status= dead}}</ref>

On 25 August 2012, the Swedish government announced that 40–60&nbsp;JAS&nbsp;39E/F Gripens were expected to be procured and in service by 2023.<ref name=DID /><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.svt.se/nyheter/varlden/sverige-koper-nya-super-jas |title= Det här tjänar skattebetalarna på |language=sv|trans-title= This serves taxpayers |place= SE |publisher= SVT |date= 28 August 2012 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103122407/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/varlden/sverige-koper-nya-super-jas |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> On 11&nbsp;December 2012, the Riksdag approved the purchase of 40 to 60 JAS&nbsp;39E/Fs with an option to cancel if at least 20 aircraft are not ordered by other customers.<ref name="en.europeonline-magazine.eu">{{cite web |url= http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/swedish-jet-fighter-maker-saab-receives-order-to-upgrade-jets_264731.html |title= Swedish jet fighter maker Saab receives order to upgrade jets |date= 15 February 2013 |work= Europe Online |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217225326/http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/swedish-jet-fighter-maker-saab-receives-order-to-upgrade-jets_264731.html |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> on 17&nbsp;January 2013, the government approved the deal for 60 JAS&nbsp;39Es to be delivered between 2018 and 2027.<ref name="e order" /> On 3&nbsp;March 2014, the Swedish defence minister stated that another 10 JAS&nbsp;39Es might be ordered; this was later confirmed by the government.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.svt.se/nyheter/val2014/forsvarsministern-vill-miljardsatsa-pa-flygvapnet |title= Försvarsministern vill miljardsatsa på flygvapnet |newspaper= SVT Nyheter |trans-title= Defence Minister wants a billion bet on the Air Force |language= sv |year= 2014 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140403180525/http://www.svt.se/nyheter/val2014/forsvarsministern-vill-miljardsatsa-pa-flygvapnet |archive-date= 3 April 2014 |url-status= live |access-date= 3 April 2014|last= Knutson |first= Mats}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last= Rosén |first= Hans |title= Så vill regeringen stärka försvaret |date= 22 April 2014 |newspaper= DN |language= sv |place= SE |trans-title= So the Government wants to strengthen the defense |url= http://www.dn.se/nyheter/politik/sa-vill-regeringen-starka-forsvaret/ |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140503023150/http://www.dn.se/nyheter/politik/sa-vill-regeringen-starka-forsvaret/ |archive-date= 3 May 2014 |access-date= 3 May 2014 |url-status= live}}</ref>

There are also plans to keep some of the Gripen C/D active after 2025. This was recommended by the Swedish defence advisory committee in 2019.<ref>{{Citation |title= Försvars departementet |language=sv|publisher= Regeringen |contribution= DS 2019-8 varnkraft inriktningen av säkerhetspolitiken och utformningen av det militära försvaret 2021–25 |url= https://www.regeringen.se/49a3de/globalassets/regeringen/dokument/forsvarsdepartementet/forsvarsberedningen/slutrapport-14-maj/ds-2019_8-varnkraft---inriktningen-av-sakerhetspolitiken-och-utformningen-av-det-militara-forsvaret-2021-2025.pdf |access-date= 19 September 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190605154938/https://www.regeringen.se/49a3de/globalassets/regeringen/dokument/forsvarsdepartementet/forsvarsberedningen/slutrapport-14-maj/ds-2019_8-varnkraft---inriktningen-av-sakerhetspolitiken-och-utformningen-av-det-militara-forsvaret-2021-2025.pdf |archive-date= 5 June 2019 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

In 2006, Swedish Gripen aircraft participated in Red Flag – Alaska, a multinational air combat exercise hosted by the United States Air Force. Gripen flew simulated combat sorties against F-16&nbsp;Block&nbsp;50, Eurofighter Typhoon and F-15C and scored ten kills, including a Eurofighter Typhoon and five F-16&nbsp;Block&nbsp;50s on day one of the exercises with no losses.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |date= 7 January 2021 |title= Saab Gripen shines in Alaska Red Flag exercise |url= https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/01/07/gripen/ |access-date= 14 July 2021 |website= Global Defense Corp |language= en-US |archive-date= 14 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210714234357/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/01/07/gripen/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Three Swedish Gripen&nbsp;C also participated in a war game against five Royal Norwegian Air Force's F-16&nbsp;Block&nbsp;50 fighters in Sweden. Swedish Gripen&nbsp;C and Norwegian F-16 flew three combat sorties; Gripen&nbsp;C scored five kills in each sortie against Norwegian F-16, on the last sortie F-16 scored a kill against Gripen.<ref name="auto"/>

In December 2022 Sweden ordered an upgrade package from Saab for a number of their Gripen&nbsp;C/D fighters.  The upgrade includes new engines, a new radar and a new electronic warfare system. The order value is approximately SEK&nbsp;3.5 billion and the contract period is 2023–29.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2022/saab-receives-order-for-upgrade-of-gripen-cd |title=Saab Receives Order for Upgrade of Gripen C/D |publisher=Saab |access-date=16 December 2022 |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216225617/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2022/saab-receives-order-for-upgrade-of-gripen-cd |url-status=live }}</ref>  In September 2023 Swedish FMV and Saab signed additional orders for the Gripen E and C/D versions. The new orders enables the C/D version to continue serving after 2030 parallel with the introduction of the E.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2023/saab-receives-order-for-additional-functionality-for-gripen-e |title= Saab receives order for additional functionality for Gripen E |publisher= Saab |access-date= 28 September 2023 |archive-date= 28 September 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230928143900/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2023/saab-receives-order-for-additional-functionality-for-gripen-e |url-status= live }}</ref>

{|
|-----
| valign="top" width=15% |
;Index of the 204 Gripen delivered to Sweden:<ref>{{cite web|access-date=19 February 2014 | trans-title = Leasing will save Gripen |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230218143518/https://www.nyteknik.se/saab-gripen/uthyrning-ska-radda-gripen/583695 |archive-date= 18 February 2023|url-status=live |title= Uthyrning ska rädda Gripen | language = sv |url= https://www.nyteknik.se/saab-gripen/uthyrning-ska-radda-gripen/583695 |work= Nyteknik |date= 19 February 2014 |place= SE}}</ref>
*98 Gripens operative C/D-version aircraft.
*32 Gripens disassembled or destroyed. JAS 39D required two 39A hulls to build.
*28 Gripens leased to the Czech Republic and Hungary.
*24 Gripens in hangar storage awaiting decommission.
*12 Gripens sold to Thailand.
*4 Gripens returned to Saab to be used as test aircraft.
*4 Gripens lost in accidents.
*2 Gripens donated to Flygvapenmuseum in Sweden and {{wipe|Royal Thai Air Force Museum}} in Thailand.
|}

===Czech Republic===
[[File:Air-to-air with a Czech Saab Gripen with AFB Čáslav in the background.jpg|thumb|left|Czech Gripen with Čáslav AFB in the background]]

When the [[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]] became a NATO member in 1999, they needed to replace their existing Soviet-built MiG-21 fleet with aircraft compatible with NATO standards. In 2000, the Czech Republic began evaluating a number of aircraft, including the F-16, F/A-18, Mirage 2000, [[Engineering:Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Typhoon]] and the Gripen. One major procurement condition was the industrial [[Earth:Offset agreement|offset agreement]], set at 150% of the expected purchase value.<ref>{{cite news |language= sv |newspaper= Dagens Industri |url= http://www.di.se/artiklar/2000/10/17/tjeckien-tar-in-jas-offert/ |title= Tjeckien tar in JAS-offert |trans-title= Czech Republic receives the JAS quote |date= 17 October 2000 |access-date= 7 January 2014 |archive-date= 18 April 2013 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130418033817/http://www.di.se/artiklar/2000/10/17/tjeckien-tar-in-jas-offert/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In December 2001, having reportedly been swayed by Gripen International's generous financing and offset programme, the Czech government announced that the Gripen had been selected.{{Sfn|Spreen|2007|p= 77}} In 2002, the deal was delayed until after parliamentary elections had taken place; alternative means of air defence were also studied, including leasing the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.di.se/artiklar/2002/9/13/tjeckien-stoppar-jas-kop/ |title= Tjeckien stoppar Jas-köp |trans-title= Czech Republic concludes Jas buy |newspaper= Dagens Industri |date= 13 September 2002 |language= sv |access-date= 7 January 2014 |archive-date= 19 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160419084047/http://www.di.se/artiklar/2002/9/13/tjeckien-stoppar-jas-kop/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Czech JAS-39 Gripen over the Curonian Spit in 2012.jpg|thumb|Pair of Czech Gripens during a Baltic Air Policing mission in Lithuania|alt= Three-quarter bottom view of two jet aircraft inn flight against a blue sky]]
On 14 June 2004, it was announced that the Czech Republic was to lease 14 Gripens, modified to comply with NATO standards.<ref>{{cite news |language= sv |newspaper= Dagens Industri |url= http://www.di.se/artiklar/2004/6/14/tjeckien-leasar-jas/ |title= Tjeckien leasar Jas |trans-title= Czech leases JAS |date= 16 June 2004 |access-date= 7 January 2014 |archive-date= 18 April 2013 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130418132633/http://www.di.se/artiklar/2004/6/14/tjeckien-leasar-jas/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The agreement also included the training of Czech pilots and technicians in Sweden. The first six were delivered on 18 April 2005.<ref>{{cite press release |last= Bjarke |first= Louise Wileen |language=sv|url= http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/forsvarets_materielverk__fmv/pressreleases/gripenleverans-klar-paa-rekordtid-98677 |title= Gripenleverans klar på rekordtid |trans-title= Gripen delivery ready in record time |publisher= Defence Materiel Administration |date= 31 August 2005 |quote= Den första leveransen, av sex flygplan, skedde den 18 april… [The delivery of the first six aircraft took place on 18 April…] |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140225031243/http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/forsvarets_materielverk__fmv/pressreleases/gripenleverans-klar-paa-rekordtid-98677 |archive-date= 25 February 2014}}</ref> The lease was for an agreed period of 10 years at a cost of €780&nbsp;million; the 14 ex-Swedish Air Force aircraft included 12 single-seaters and two JAS&nbsp;39D two-seat trainers.<ref>{{cite news |date= 26 August 2013 |work= Hosted news |url= https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSPTiidfwQlT3TAxxekm1cn5zsaA?docId=CNG.81e5196f023e349caa01047cfe4cd490.3b1 |title= Czechs to extend Swedish Gripen fighter jet lease |agency= Agency France-Presse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303104722/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSPTiidfwQlT3TAxxekm1cn5zsaA?docId=CNG.81e5196f023e349caa01047cfe4cd490.3b1 |archive-date=3 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Gripen_Family/> In September 2013, the Defence and Security Export Agency announced that a follow-up agreement with the Czech Republic had been completed to extend the lease by 14 years, until 2029; leased aircraft shall also undergo extensive modernization, including the adoption of new datalinks.<ref>{{cite news |language=sv|work=Ny Teknik |url= http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3761359.ece |title=Tjeckien: Ja till Gripen |trans-title=Czech Republic: Yes for the Gripen |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140107152424/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3761359.ece |archive-date= 7 January 2014}}</ref> The lease also has an option of eventually acquiring the fighters outright.<ref name= Gripen_Family>{{Cite journal |title= The Gripen Family |type= supplement |journal= Combat Aircraft Monthly |location= Shepperton, Middlesex |publisher= Ian Allan |date= December 2010}}</ref> In 2014, the lease was extended to 2027 and the Saab service contract was extended to 2026.<ref name= fg2014-05>{{cite news |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-government-signs-gripen-lease-extension-399415/ |title= Czech government signs Gripen lease extension |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 19 May 2014 |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 19 May 2014 |archive-date= 11 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170311164620/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-government-signs-gripen-lease-extension-399415/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name= fg2015-05>{{cite news |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-air-force-looks-to-the-future-with-enhanced-gripens-412162/ |title= Czech air force looks to the future with enhanced Gripens |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 12 May 2015 |work=FlightGlobal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150513222257/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-air-force-looks-to-the-future-with-enhanced-gripens-412162/ |archive-date= 13 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2014, Czech Air Force commander General Libor Štefánik proposed leasing a further six Gripens due to {{wipe|Russia}} deteriorating relationship with the West;<ref>{{Citation |newspaper= České noviny |place= Prague |language=cs |date= 11 November 2014 |title= Czech military wants to raise number of Gripen fighters |url= http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/zpravy/czech-military-wants-to-raise-number-of-gripen-fighters/1146065 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141112125914/http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/zpravy/czech-military-wants-to-raise-number-of-gripen-fighters/1146065|url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 November 2014}}</ref> a Ministry of Defence spokesperson stated that the notion was the commander's personal vision and fleet expansion was not on the agenda for years to come.<ref>{{cite news |title= Armáda chce více gripenů. Kvůli bezpečnosti v Evropě |language= cs |trans-title= The army wants more Gripens. For security in Europe |url= https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/armada-bude-mit-vice-gripenu-kvuli-bezpecnosti-v-evrope/r~f4ac556469a011e4a10c0025900fea04 |work= Aktuálně |agency= Economia |date= 11 November 2014 |access-date= 3 May 2017 |archive-date= 5 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805020635/https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/armada-bude-mit-vice-gripenu-kvuli-bezpecnosti-v-evrope/r~f4ac556469a011e4a10c0025900fea04/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2015, the service decided to upgrade its fleet to the MS20 configuration.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-air-force-looks-to-the-future-with-enhanced-gripens-412162/ |title= Czech air force looks to the future with enhanced Gripens |first= Craig |last= Hoyle |work= FlightGlobal |date= 12 May 2015 |access-date= 13 May 2015 |archive-date= 13 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150513222257/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/czech-air-force-looks-to-the-future-with-enhanced-gripens-412162/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The MS20 upgrade was completed in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2018/czech-air-force-gripen-fleet-completes-ms20-upgrade-giving-enhanced-operational-capabilities |title=Czech Air Force Gripen fleet completes MS20 upgrade |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210404160942/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2018/czech-air-force-gripen-fleet-completes-ms20-upgrade-giving-enhanced-operational-capabilities |archive-date=4 April 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Hungary===
[[File:Hungarian Air Force Saab JAS-39C Gripen Lofting-2.jpg|thumb|{{wipe|Hungarian Air Force}} Gripen during inverted flight, 2007. Note the painted false canopy|alt= Jet aircraft with centerline external fuel tank during invert flight against blue sky]]
Following Hungary's membership of NATO in 1999, there were several proposals to achieve a NATO-compatible fighter force. Considerable attention went into studying second-hand aircraft options as well as modifying the nation's existing MiG-29 fleet. In 2001, Hungary received several offers of new and used aircraft from various nations, including Sweden, Belgium, [[Place:Israel|Israel]], [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]], and the US.<ref>{{cite news |language= sv |newspaper= Dagens Industri |date= 28 August 2001 |url= http://www.di.se/artiklar/2001/8/28/ungern-pa-vag-rata-jas/ |title= Ungern på väg rata JAS |trans-title= Hungary on the road to JAS |access-date= 12 January 2014 |archive-date= 19 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160419084724/http://www.di.se/artiklar/2001/8/28/ungern-pa-vag-rata-jas/ |url-status= live }}</ref> Although the Hungarian government initially intended to procure the F-16, in November 2001 it was in the process of negotiating a 10-year lease contract for 12 Gripen aircraft, with an option to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease period.<ref>{{cite news |language= sv |newspaper= Dagens Industri |date= 12 November 2011 |url= http://www.di.se/artiklar/2001/11/23/jas-avtalet-vart-5-mdr/ |title= Jas-avtalet värt 5 mdr |trans-title= Jas agreement worth 5 billion |access-date= 12 January 2014 |archive-date= 19 April 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160419095057/http://www.di.se/artiklar/2001/11/23/jas-avtalet-vart-5-mdr/ |url-status= live }}</ref>{{Sfn|Larrabee|2003|p= 24}}

As part of the procurement arrangements, Saab had offered an offset deal valued at 110 per cent of the cost of the 14 fighters.{{Sfn|Stohl |Grillot|2009|p= 46}} Initially, Hungary had planned to lease several Batch II aircraft; however, the inability to conduct aerial refuelling and weapons compatibility limitations had generated Hungarian misgivings.{{Sfn|Larrabee|2003|p= 25}} The contract was renegotiated and was signed on 2 February 2003 for a total of 14 Gripens, which had originally been A/B standard and had undergone an extensive upgrade process to the NATO-compatible C/D&nbsp;'Export Gripen' standard.<ref name="JAS 39C">{{cite web |language= sv |url= http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/Materiel-och-teknik/Flyg/Stridsflygplan-JAS-39-C/ |publisher= Försvarsmakten |title= Stridsflygplan JAS 39 C/D |trans-title= Fighter aircraft JAS 39C/D |date= 21 March 2011 |access-date= 12 February 2014 |archive-date= 4 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170704122958/http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/Materiel-och-teknik/Flyg/Stridsflygplan-JAS-39-C/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The last aircraft deliveries took place in December 2007.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.fmv.se/WmTemplates/page.aspx?id=1726 |work= Hällekis-Kuriren |publisher= Defence Materiel Administration (Sweden) |title= Gripen överlämnad till Ungern |language=sv|trans-title= Gripen handed over to Hungary |access-date= 12 February 2014 |date= 30 March 2006 |quote= …nio flygplanen kommer att ske successivt fram till december 2007 […nine aircraft will take place in stages up until December 2007]. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100823001722/https://www.fmv.se/WmTemplates/page.aspx?id=1726 |archive-date= 23 August 2010}}</ref>

While the {{wipe|Hungarian Air Force}} operates a total of 14 Gripen aircraft under lease,<ref name=Gripen_Family/> in 2011, the country reportedly intended to purchase these aircraft outright.<ref name="treddje">{{cite news |language=sv|url= http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/indien-vill-inte-ha-gripen_6121187.svd |title= Indien vill inte ha Gripen |trans-title= India does not want Gripen |newspaper= Svenska Dagbladet |date= 28 April 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140107164246/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/indien-vill-inte-ha-gripen_6121187.svd |archive-date= 7 January 2014}}</ref> However, in January 2012, the Hungarian and Swedish governments agreed to extend the lease period for a further ten years; according to Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende, the agreement represented considerable cost savings.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bbj.hu/politics/sweden-approves-10-year-extension-of-hungary-gripen-lease---paper_62472 |title= Sweden approves 10-year extension of Hungary Gripen lease |date= 24 January 2012 |newspaper= BBJ |place= Hungary |quote= The government of Sweden approved and ratified a ten-year extension of Hungary's lease of Gripen fighter aircraft… Hungarian Defence Minister Csaba Hende said earlier that extending the lease until 2026 would save the state HUF 63bn. |access-date= 7 January 2014 |archive-date= 12 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170212152320/http://www.bbj.hu/politics/sweden-approves-10-year-extension-of-hungary-gripen-lease---paper_62472 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Two Gripens were lost in crashes in May and June 2015,<ref name="crash201505B">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/QFqscJybTPk Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022533/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFqscJybTPk Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |place= [[Place:Czech Republic|CZ]] |format= YouTube |type= video |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFqscJybTPk |title= Gripen crash at Čáslav Air Force Base LKCV |website= [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] |access-date= 11 June 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="crash201506A">{{Citation |title=Hungary: Pilot stable after crash landing Gripen fighter jet |date=10 June 2015 |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-hungary-pilot-stable-after-crash-landing-gripen-2015jun10-story.html |work=The Big Story |publisher=AP |language=en-US |access-date=18 January 2021 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122184815/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-hungary-pilot-stable-after-crash-landing-gripen-2015jun10-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name= crash201506B>{{Citation |url= http://mno.hu/belfold/orokre-bucsut-mondhatunk-a-gripennek-1290167 |title= Örökre búcsút mondhatunk a Gripennek? |publisher= MNO |newspaper= Magyar Nemzet Online |access-date= 10 June 2015 |language= hu |trans-title= Do we bid farewell to the Gripen forever? |archive-date= 4 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041609/http://mno.hu/belfold/orokre-bucsut-mondhatunk-a-gripennek-1290167 |url-status= dead}}</ref> leaving 12 Gripens in operation.<ref>{{cite news |date= 19 May 2015 |last1= Dull |first1= Szabolcs |last2= Spirk |first2= Jozsef |last3= Bőtös |first3= Botond |last4= Kolbert |first4= András |trans-title= A Hungarian Gripen crashed in the Czech Republic |title= Lezuhant egy magyar Gripen Csehorszagban |newspaper= Index |place= HU |language= hu |url= http://index.hu/belfold/2015/05/19/lezuhant_egy_magyar_gripen_csehorszagban/ |access-date= 20 May 2015 |archive-date= 14 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170314112241/http://index.hu/belfold/2015/05/19/lezuhant_egy_magyar_gripen_csehorszagban/ |url-status= live }}</ref> From 2017, Hungary is back to operating 14 fighters.<ref name= Fleet_complete>{{cite news |url= http://www.honvedelem.hu/cikk/60942 |title= Honvedelem |place= HU |year= 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170214004609/http://www.honvedelem.hu/cikk/60942 |archive-date= 14 February 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

In August 2021, a contract was signed with Saab to modernize the Gripen fleet of the Hungarian Air Force. The radar will be upgraded to ''PS-05/Mk4'' and the software will be upgraded to ''MS 20 Block 2'' level. New weapons would be added to the arsenal of the Hungarian Gripens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kezdődik a második félidő |work= Aranysas |url= https://aranysas.hu/cikk_kezdodik_a_masodik_felido.php}}</ref> The IRIS-T missiles have been ordered in December 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title= Hungary to Acquire IRIS-T Air-to-Air Missiles |work= The defence post |date= 21 December 2022 |url= https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/12/21/hungary-iris-missile/ |access-date= 21 December 2021 |archive-date= 21 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211221160258/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/12/21/hungary-iris-missile/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

===South Africa===
[[File:SAAF-Gripen-001.jpg|thumb|A {{wipe|South African Air Force}} JAS 39C Gripen in flight]]

In 1999, {{wipe|South Africa}} signed a contract with BAe/Saab for the procurement of 26 Gripens (C/D standard) with minor modifications to meet their requirements.{{Sfn |Eliasson|2010|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=ISgwc1BGN40C&pg=PA256 256] |ps=: 'BAe/Saab & the South African government signed a contract to produce 26 Gripen&nbsp;C & D aircraft (the export version), including additional modifications for the South African version & support systems (logistics, ILS &c).'}} Deliveries to the {{wipe|South African Air Force}} commenced in April 2008.<ref name= FltGlob_South_Africa/> By April 2011, 18 aircraft (nine two-seater aircraft and nine single-seaters) had been delivered.<ref>{{cite web |last= Wingrin |first= Dean |place= {{wipe|South Africa}} |url= http://www.saairforce.co.za/news-and-events/984/saaf-takes-delivery-of-three-more-gripens |title= SAAF takes delivery of three more Gripens |work= Defence Web |date= 10 April 2011 |access-date= 28 April 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217022005/http://www.saairforce.co.za/news-and-events/984/saaf-takes-delivery-of-three-more-gripens |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> While the establishment of a Gripen Fighter Weapon School at {{wipe|Overberg Air Force Base}} in South Africa had been under consideration, in July 2013 Saab ruled out the option due to a lack of local support for the initiative; Thailand is an alternative location being considered,<ref>{{cite web |last= Jennings |first= Gareth |url= http://www.janes.com/article/24705/lack-of-positive-response-forces-saab-to-axe-south-africa-based-gripen-school |title= Lack of 'positive response' forces Saab to axe South Africa-based Gripen school |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |date= 17 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130722143514/http://www.janes.com/article/24705/lack-of-positive-response-forces-saab-to-axe-south-africa-based-gripen-school |archive-date=22 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as the Čáslav Czech air base.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://airheadsfly.com/2015/05/11/czech-to-train-future-international-gripen-pilots/ |last= Burger |first= Marcel |date= 11 May 2015 |work= Air heads fly |title= Czechs to train future international Gripen pilots |access-date= 14 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150515063518/http://airheadsfly.com/2015/05/11/czech-to-train-future-international-gripen-pilots/ |archive-date= 15 May 2015 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Between April 2013 and December 2013, South African contractors held prime responsibility for maintenance work on the Gripen fleet as support contracts with Saab had expired; this arrangement led to fears that extended operations may not be possible due to a lack of proper maintenance.<ref>{{cite web |first= Guy |last= Martin |url= http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31235:saaf-has-no-gripen-support-contract&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108 |title= SAAF has no Gripen support contract |publisher= Defence Web |place= ZA |date= 17 July 2013 |access-date= 17 December 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217021429/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31235:saaf-has-no-gripen-support-contract&catid=55:SANDF&Itemid=108 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> In December 2013, Armscor awarded Saab a long-term support contract for the company to perform engineering, maintenance, and support services on all 26 Gripens through 2016.<ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33123:saaf-receives-gripen-support-contract&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107 |title= SAAF receives Gripen support contract |newspaper= Defence Web |place= ZA |date= 20 December 2013 |access-date= 20 December 2013 |archive-date= 22 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160322091130/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33123:saaf-receives-gripen-support-contract&catid=35:Aerospace&Itemid=107 |url-status= live }}</ref> On 13 March 2013, South African Defense Minister Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula stated that "almost half of the SAAF Gripens" have been stored because of an insufficient budget to keep them flying.<ref>{{Cite news |first= Wyndham |last= Hartley |url= http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2013/03/13/almost-half-of-sas-gripens-in-storage |place= ZA |title= Almost Half of SA's Gripens 'in Storage' |work= Business Day |date= 13 March 2013 |access-date= 17 December 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217023742/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2013/03/13/almost-half-of-sas-gripens-in-storage |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> In September 2013, the SAAF decided not to place a number of its Gripens in long-term storage; instead all 26 aircraft would be rotated between flying cycles and short-term storage.<ref>{{cite web |first= Helmoed-Römer |last= Heitman |url= http://www.janes.com/article/26736/saaf-to-rotate-gripens |title= SAAF to rotate Gripens |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |date= 5 September 2013 |access-date= 18 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131109132536/http://www.janes.com/article/26736/saaf-to-rotate-gripens |archive-date=9 November 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Speaking in September 2013, Brigadier-General John Bayne testified that the Gripen met the SAAF's minimum requirements, as the country faced no military threats.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Arms Deal Commission hears fighter jets met Air Force requirements |publisher= [[Company:South African Broadcasting Corporation|SABC]] |place= ZA |date= 2 September 2013 |url= http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/b0a99b8040f36d81b324b3434f2981a1/Fighter-jets-met-Airforce-requirements-20130209 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217021035/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/b0a99b8040f36d81b324b3434f2981a1/Fighter-jets-met-Airforce-requirements-20130209 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref>

===Thailand===
[[File:RTAF Jas 39 Gripen.jpg|thumb|Royal Thai Air Force Gripen|alt=Three-quarter hind bottom view of jet aircraft in flight generating wingtip vortices, against a blue cloudy sky.]]

In 2007, Thailand's Parliament authorized the {{wipe|Royal Thai Air Force}} (RTAF) to spend up to 34&nbsp;billion baht (US$1.1 billion) as part of an effort to replace Thailand's existing [[Engineering:Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5]] fleet.<ref name="thai grip dip">{{cite web |last= Keck |first= Zackary |url= https://thediplomat.com/2013/09/thailands-air-force-a-leading-power-in-asean/ |title= Thailand's Air Force: A Leading Power in ASEAN? |work= The Diplomat |date= 13 September 2013 |access-date= 12 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140108071055/https://thediplomat.com/2013/09/thailands-air-force-a-leading-power-in-asean/ |archive-date= 8 January 2014}}</ref> In February 2008, the RTAF ordered six Gripens (two single-seat C-models and four two-seat D-models) from Saab; deliveries began in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailand-signs-contract-for-six-saab-gripen-fighters-221552/ |title= Thailand signs contract for six Saab Gripen fighters |work=FlightGlobal |date= 15 February 2008 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131213163538/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailand-signs-contract-for-six-saab-gripen-fighters-221552/ |archive-date= 13 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thailand ordered six more Gripen Cs in November 2010; deliveries began in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailand-signs-for-more-gripen-fighters-anti-ship-missiles-350080/ |title= Thailand signs for more Gripen fighters, anti-ship missiles |work=FlightGlobal |date= 23 November 2010 |access-date=17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131213165503/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailand-signs-for-more-gripen-fighters-anti-ship-missiles-350080/ |archive-date= 13 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thailand may eventually order as many as 40 Gripens.{{Sfn|Acharya|2009|p= 163}} In 2010, Surat Thani Airbase was selected as the RTAF's main Gripen operating base.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rtaf.mi.th/news/n07/gripen/080213_PurchaseAgreement_en.pdf |title= Signing of Gripen 39 C/D Purchase Agreement |publisher= Royal Thai Air Force |access-date= 28 October 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100815132526/http://www.rtaf.mi.th/news/n07/gripen/080213_PurchaseAgreement_en.pdf |archive-date= 15 August 2010}}</ref>

The first of the six aircraft were delivered on 22 February 2011.<ref name= FI_Thai_first_6>{{cite web |last= Waldron |first= Greg |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailands-first-six-gripens-arrive-in-asia-353549/ |publisher= Reed Business Information |title= Thailand's first six Gripens arrive in Asia |work=FlightGlobal |date= 23 February 2011 |access-date= 23 February 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131213163336/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thailands-first-six-gripens-arrive-in-asia-353549/ |archive-date= 13 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Saab delivered three Gripens in April 2013, and three more in September 2013.<ref name="Thai2">{{Cite news |url= http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/gripenplan-traffades-av-blixtnedslag/ |work= Dagens Nyheter |place= Sweden |date= 5 September 2013 |language=sv|title= Gripenplan träffades av blixtnedslag |trans-title= Gripen aircraft was hit by lightning |access-date= 12 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131008034658/http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/gripenplan-traffades-av-blixtnedslag/ |archive-date= 8 October 2013}}</ref> In September 2013, RTAF Marshal Prajin Jantong stated that Thailand is interested in purchasing six aircraft more in the near future, pending government approval.<ref name="thai grip dip" /><ref name="Th vill">{{cite news |language=sv|url= http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/nyheter/varlden/thailand-vill-kopa-fler-gripen_8631518.svd |title= Thailand vill köpa fler Gripen |trans-title= Thailand wants to buy more Gripen |date= 22 October 2013 |newspaper= Svenska Dagbladet |access-date= 17 December 2013 |place= Sweden |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131019134852/http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/nyheter/varlden/thailand-vill-kopa-fler-gripen_8631518.svd |archive-date= 19 October 2013|last1= Nygårds |first1= Olle}}</ref> Thai Supreme Commander General Thanasak Patimapragorn has stated that the RTAF intends for the Gripen's information systems to be integrated with Army and Navy systems. The armed forces were to officially inaugurate the Gripen Integrated Air Defence System during 2014.<ref name="thai grip dip" />

===United Kingdom===
[[File:Gripen - RIAT 2008 (2689597919).jpg|thumb|An ETPS Gripen at RIAT 2008]]

The Empire Test Pilots' School (ETPS) in the United Kingdom has used the Gripen for advanced fast jet training of test pilots under a "wet lease" arrangement since 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-for-ETPS/Backgroud/ |title= Gripen for ETPS, Partnership for Excellence |publisher= Saab |access-date= 21 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092815/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/Gripen-for-ETPS/Backgroud/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> It operates a Gripen&nbsp;D aircraft.<ref name=Cavas-2015>{{cite web |last=Cavas |first=Christopher P. |date=3 May 2015 |title=Saab's Gripen Enters a New High-fly Zone |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/strike/2015/05/03/saabs-gripen-enters-a-new-high-fly-zone/26692269/ |work=Defense News |quote=Seven air forces operate or are committed to operating Gripens, along with one British Gripen D test aircraft. […] ″We know Colombia is going to replace their Kfir fleet, we've had questions from them,″ Ahlqvist said. |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210117121925/https://www.defensenews.com/air/2015/05/03/saab-s-gripen-enters-a-new-high-fly-zone/ |archive-date=17 January 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref>

===Brazil===
In October 2008, Brazil selected three finalists for its F-X2 fighter programme: the [[Engineering:Dassault Rafale#Failed bids|Dassault Rafale B/C]], the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, and the Gripen NG.<ref>{{cite web |last= Trimble |first= Stephen |date= 6 October 2008 |work= FlightGlobal |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazil-names-three-finalists-for-f-x2-contract-rejects-three-316814/ |title= Brazil names three finalists for F-X2 contract, rejects three others |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131020012626/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazil-names-three-finalists-for-f-x2-contract-rejects-three-316814/ |archive-date= 20 October 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref> The {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}} initially planned to procure at least 36 and possibly up to 120 later,<ref>{{Citation |last= Wall |first= Robert |title= Brazil may buy over 100 Gripen jets |url= http://wsj.com/articles/brazil-may-buy-over-100-gripen-jets-1416330991 |date= 18 November 2014 |newspaper= The Wall Street Journal |publisher= Dow Jones & Co |url-access= subscription |access-date= 18 November 2014 |archive-date= 31 December 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141231223141/http://www.wsj.com/articles/brazil-may-buy-over-100-gripen-jets-1416330991 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name= "24h 2013">{{Citation |language= fr |title= Le Brésil choisit le Gripen E |trans-title= Brazil chose the Gripen E |date= 18 December 2013 |url= http://psk.blog.24heures.ch/tag/gripen+brazil |place= Switzerland |newspaper= 24 heures |access-date= 16 January 2014 |archive-date= 28 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220228140943/http://psk.blog.24heures.ch/tag/gripen+brazil |url-status= dead}}</ref> to replace its [[Engineering:Northrop F-5#Brazil|Northrop F‐5EM]] and [[Engineering:Dassault Mirage 2000#Mirage 2000C|Dassault Mirage 2000C]] aircraft.<ref name= Flightglobal_Brazil/> In February 2009, Saab submitted a tender for 36 Gripen&nbsp;NGs.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2009---2/saab-offers-gripen-to-brazil/ |title= Saab offers Gripen to Brazil |publisher= Saab |date= 2 February 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216053140/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2009---2/saab-offers-gripen-to-brazil/ |archive-date= 16 December 2013}}</ref> In early 2010, the Brazilian Air Force's final evaluation report reportedly placed the Gripen ahead, a decisive factor being lower unit cost and operational costs.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u674679.shtml |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120524195218/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u674679.shtml |url-status= dead |archive-date= 24 May 2012 |trans-title= Brazilian air force prefers Swedish fighter to the French one |title= FAB prefere caça sueco a francês |language=pt |newspaper= Folha de S. Paulo |publisher= Folha da Manhã |date= 5 January 2010}}</ref> After delays due to financial constraints,<ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= Mantega says the country has no money to buy fighters |url= http://economia.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2011/02/28/mantega-diz-que-pais-nao-tem-dinheiro-para-comprar-cacas.jhtm |title= Mantega diz que país não tem dinheiro para comprar caças |language=pt |newspaper= Economia |publisher= UOL |date= 28 February 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131020021341/http://economia.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2011/02/28/mantega-diz-que-pais-nao-tem-dinheiro-para-comprar-cacas.jhtm |archive-date= 20 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= Amorim expects decision on fighter in the first semester |url= http://reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idBRSPE80I05Z20120119 |title= Amorim espera decisão de caça no 1º semestre |language=pt |work= Reuters |date= 19 January 2012 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216042450/http://br.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idBRSPE80I05Z20120119 |archive-date= 16 December 2013}}</ref> on 18 December 2013, President Dilma Rousseff announced the Gripen NG's selection.<ref name=Flightglobal_Brazil>{{cite web |last= Salles |first= Felipe |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-wins-brazils-f-x2-fighter-contest-with-gripen-ng-394289/ |title= Saab wins Brazil's F-X2 fighter contest with Gripen NG |work=FlightGlobal |date= 18 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219030232/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-wins-brazils-f-x2-fighter-contest-with-gripen-ng-394289/ |archive-date= 19 December 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= After more than 10 years, Dilma chooses Swedish fighters to FAB |url= http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2013/12/1387333-dilma-decidiu-pela-aquisicao-de-cacas-suecos-para-a-fab.shtml |title= Após mais de dez anos, Dilma escolhe caças suecos para a FAB |language=pt |work= Folha de S. Paulo |date= 18 December 2013 |publisher= Folha da manhã |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131228165147/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2013/12/1387333-dilma-decidiu-pela-aquisicao-de-cacas-suecos-para-a-fab.shtml |archive-date= 28 December 2013}}</ref> Key factors were domestic manufacturing opportunities, full Transfer of Technology&nbsp;(ToT), participation in its development, and potential exports to Africa, Asia and Latin America;<ref name="Braz build" /><ref name="lease">{{Cite news |title= Rio 2016 Olympics: Sweden to lend Brazil fighter jets |place= Rio de Janeiro |date= 21 December 2013 |url= http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sweden-to-lend-brazil-fighter-jets-for-2016-olympics/1/332261.html |work= India Today |quote= The jets will be loaned to Brazil by the Swedish Air Force, since the 36 purchased won't be ready for delivery until 2023 […] Company Vice President Lennart Sindahl, in an interview with Brazilian daily ''O Globo'', said Saab will set up a factory in São José dos Campos, São Paulo state, to produce the Gripen jets… the plant could go on to build planes for export to Latin America, Africa and Asia. |access-date= 16 January 2014 |archive-date= 16 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140116203808/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sweden-to-lend-brazil-fighter-jets-for-2016-olympics/1/332261.html |url-status= live }}</ref> Argentina and Ecuador are interested in procuring Gripens via Brazil,<ref name= EC /> and Mexico is considered an export target.{{Sfn|Jasper |Rolander |2014 |ps=: 'A carrier version of the plane may be an option for Brazil, with Argentina, Ecuador and Mexico among possible export targets.'}} Another factor was the distrust of the US due to the NSA surveillance scandal.<ref name="nsa">{{Cite news |title= Saab wins Brazil jet deal after NSA spying sours Boeing bid |place= Brasília, São Paulo |date= 18 December 2013 |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-jets-idUSBRE9BH11C20131218 |publisher= Reuters |quote= But revelations of spying by the US National Security Agency in Brazil, including personal communication by Rousseff, led Brazil to believe it could not trust a US company. |access-date= 1 July 2017 |archive-date= 24 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191835/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/18/us-brazil-jets-idUSBRE9BH11C20131218 |url-status= live}}</ref> The Gripen is not immune to foreign pressure: the UK may use their 30% component percentage in the Gripen to veto an Argentinian sale over the Falkland Islands dispute; thus Argentina is considering other fighters instead.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.defensenews.com/article/20141130/DEFREG05/311300010 |title= Argentina's Jet Fighter Replacement Options Narrow |last1= Higuera |first1= José |last2= Ansari |first2= Usman |date= 30 November 2014 |work= Defense News |publisher= Gannett |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141130192844/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20141130/DEFREG05/311300010 |archive-date= 30 November 2014 |access-date= 30 November 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

[[File:Brazilian Gripen F-39E (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Brazil's first F-39E Gripen flies over [[Engineering:Brasília|Brasília]] in October 2020]]
On 24 October 2014, Brazil and Sweden signed a 39.3 billion&nbsp;SEK (US$5.44 bn, R$13&nbsp;bn) contract for 28 Gripen&nbsp;E (single-seat version) and eight Gripen&nbsp;F (dual-seat version) fighters for delivery from 2019 to 2024 and maintained until 2050;<ref name= SaabBR>{{cite press release |title= Saab & Brazil sign contract for Gripen NG |date= 27 October 2014 |publisher= Saab |url= http://saabgroup.com/Media/news-press/news/2014-10/Saab-and-Brazil-sign-contract-for-Gripen-NG |quote= Gripen NG deliveries to the Brazilian Air Force will be undertaken from 2019 to 2024. […] The commitments by Sweden and Brazil secure Gripen's industrial and operational future into the 2050 timeframe. |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 30 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170630131546/http://saabgroup.com/Media/news-press/news/2014-10/Saab-and-Brazil-sign-contract-for-Gripen-NG |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=Thisdell-2014>{{cite web |last=Thisdell |first=Dan |date=27 October 2014 |work=FlightGlobal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-brazil-finalise-gripen-ng-deal-405288/ |title=Saab, Brazil finalise Gripen NG deal |access-date=7 April 2015 |archive-date=28 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428204852/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-brazil-finalise-gripen-ng-deal-405288/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the Swedish government will provide a subsidized 25-year, 2.19%&nbsp;interest rate loan for the buy.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/53480/brazilian-senate-approves-gripen-financing-deal |title=Brazilian Senate approves Gripen financing deal |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=5 August 2015 |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160612174018/http://www.janes.com/article/53480/brazilian-senate-approves-gripen-financing-deal |archive-date=12 June 2016 |url-status=dead |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly}}</ref> At least 15 aircraft are to be assembled in Brazil, Brazilian companies shall be involved in its production; Gripen&nbsp;Fs are to be delivered later. An almost US$1&nbsp;billion price increase since selection is due to developments requested by Brazil,<ref>{{Citation |title= 15 caças Gripen serão montados no Brasil, diz executivo da Saab |newspaper= G1 |publisher= Globo |date= 28 October 2014 |language= pt |first= Tahiane |last= Stochero |place= São Paulo |trans-title= 15 Gripen fighters will be assembled in Brazil, says Saab executive |url= http://g1.globo.com/economia/negocios/noticia/2014/10/15-cacas-gripen-serao-montados-no-brasil-diz-executivo-da-saab.html |quote= Os aviões bipostos devem ficar para o final do plano de entrega. […] a mudança no valor refere-se a 'adaptações para as necessidades brasileiras' da aeronave, como modificações na […] aviônica e exigências para a comunicação eletrônica e via rádio. |access-date= 28 October 2014 |archive-date= 27 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170827212629/http://g1.globo.com/economia/negocios/noticia/2014/10/15-cacas-gripen-serao-montados-no-brasil-diz-executivo-da-saab.html |url-status= live }}</ref> such as the "Wide Area Display" (WAD), a panoramic 19 by 8 inches touchscreen display.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/15984/AEL_Delivers_Wide_Area_Display_Software_For_Brazilian_Gripen_Jets |title=AEL Delivers Wide Area Display Software for Brazilian Gripen Jets |date=6 May 2016 |work=Defense World |access-date=24 July 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820024733/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/15984/AEL_Delivers_Wide_Area_Display_Software_For_Brazilian_Gripen_Jets |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Barreira |first=Vítor |date=4 September 2015 |place=Constantinople |url= http://www.janes.com/article/54032/ael-sistemas-delivers-avionics-systems-for-brazilian-gripen-ngs |title= AEL Sistemas delivers avionics systems for Brazilian Gripen NGs |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151231213214/http://www.janes.com/article/54032/ael-sistemas-delivers-avionics-systems-for-brazilian-gripen-ngs |archive-date=31 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The compensation package is set at US$9&nbsp;billion, or 1.7&nbsp;times the order value.<ref>{{Citation |last1= de Martini |first1= Fernando |last2= Santos |first2= Phac |title= Acordo de compensação da compra do Gripen supera 9 bilhões de dólares |newspaper= Aéreo |date= 28 October 2014 |language= pt |trans-title= Compensation deal for Gripen acquisition surpasses 9 billion dollars |url= http://www.aereo.jor.br/2014/10/28/acordo-de-compensacao-da-compra-do-gripen-supera-9-bilhoes-de-dolares/ |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 5 October 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231005121540/https://www.aereo.jor.br/2014/10/28/acordo-de-compensacao-da-compra-do-gripen-supera-9-bilhoes-de-dolares/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The Brazilian Navy is interested in the Gripen Maritime to replace its [[Engineering:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk#Brazil|Douglas A-4KU Skyhawk]] carrier-based fighters.<ref name= DID_BRAZIL /><ref name=Jennings-2013>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first= Gareth |date=18 December 2013 |place=London |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |title= Brazilian F-X2 gives fresh impetus to Saab's Sea Gripen concept |via=IHS Jane's 360 |url=http://www.janes.com/article/31778/brazilian-f-x2-deal-gives-fresh-impetus-to-saab-s-sea-gripen-concept |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140130230702/http://www.janes.com/article/31778/brazilian-f-x2-deal-gives-fresh-impetus-to-saab-s-sea-gripen-concept |archive-date=30 January 2014 |url-status=dead |quote=: 'the deal for 36 aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force "opens up a whole new realm of possibilities" for the Sea Gripen, with the Navy having a notional requirement for 24 aircraft to operate from its São Paulo aircraft carrier. […] discussions with India have been taking place behind the scenes. "There has been a conversation with the Indian Navy, which is looking at the Sea Gripen separate to the [Indian Air Force] MMRCA [Medium MultiRole Combat Aircraft requirement]," he said, adding: "The Indian Navy [interest in Sea Gripen] never went away."'}}</ref> In 2015, Brazil and Sweden finalised the deal to develop the Gripen F, designated F-39 by Brazil.<ref>{{cite web |date= 10 September 2015 |first= Stephen |last= Trimble |title= Brazil finalises $4.68bn Gripen NG deal |work= Flight Global |place= Washington, DC |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazil-finalises-468bn-gripen-ng-deal-416586/ |access-date= 10 September 2015 |archive-date= 13 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165518/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazil-finalises-468bn-gripen-ng-deal-416586/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name= FG_F-39_designation>{{cite news |last=Trimble |first=Stephen |date=27 October 2015 |work=FlightGlobal |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/kc-390-resumes-flight-tests-as-defence-unit-rebaseli-418271/ |title=KC-390 resumes flight tests as defence unit rebaselines |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627215212/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/kc-390-resumes-flight-tests-as-defence-unit-rebaseli-418271/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first Brazilian F-39E Gripen flight took place on 26 August 2019, from Saab's facility in Linköping, Sweden.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://saabgroup.com/media/news-press/news/2019-08/first-brazilian-gripen-e-completes-its-first-flight |title= First Brazilian Gripen E Completes its First Flight |date= 26 August 2019 |publisher= Saab|url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191202142056/https://saabgroup.com/media/news-press/news/2019-08/first-brazilian-gripen-e-completes-its-first-flight/ |archive-date= 2 December 2019}}</ref> It was handed over to the Brazilian Air Force on 10&nbsp;September 2019 for flight testing.<ref name= presents>{{cite news |url= https://saab.com/gripen/news/blog/gripen-blog/2019/saab-presents-first-gripen-e-to-brazil |title= Saab Presents First Gripen E to Brazil |date= 10 September 2019 |publisher= Saab |access-date= 12 September 2019 |archive-date= 20 May 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200520064950/https://saab.com/gripen/news/blog/gripen-blog/2019/saab-presents-first-gripen-e-to-brazil/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The fighter arrived in Brazil on 20&nbsp;September 2020,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/gripen-e-fab4100-nm-elke-chegou-ao-porto-de-navegantes |title= Gripen E FAB4100: NM Elke chegou ao Porto de Navegantes |date= 20 September 2020 |work= Defesa Aérea e Naval |language= pt |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 21 June 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230621045327/https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/gripen-e-fab4100-nm-elke-chegou-ao-porto-de-navegantes |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{YouTube |id=xfvY—P5pEc |title= Gripen's arrival in Brazil}}</ref> and then was transported by land to Navegantes International Airport. On 24 September, it took off to the Embraer unit in Gavião Peixoto, in São Paulo state, for the test program for flight control systems, weapon integration, communication systems and others. The fighters will be part of the 1st Air Defense Group&nbsp;(1º GDA), based at the Anápolis Air Force Base.<ref name= aeroflap>{{cite press release |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2020/september/first-fab-gripen-e-flies-in-brazil |title= First FAB Gripen E Flies in Brazil |publisher= Saab AB |date= 25 September 2020 |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 28 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220528140306/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2020/september/first-fab-gripen-e-flies-in-brazil |url-status= live }}</ref> The deliveries of operational fighters will begin in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.airway.com.br/novo-caca-da-fab-primeiro-gripen-deve-chegar-ao-brasil-em-outubro |title= Brasil receberá caça Gripen em 2020 |date= 24 June 2020 |work= Airway |language= pt |access-date= 1 July 2020 |archive-date= 2 July 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200702172811/https://www.airway.com.br/novo-caca-da-fab-primeiro-gripen-deve-chegar-ao-brasil-em-outubro/ |url-status= live }}</ref> According to Saab executive Eddy De La Motte, the first F-39F will be delivered in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-ready-to-step-up-tempo-of-gripen-e-testing-456945 |title= Saab ready to step up tempo of Gripen E testing |date= 27 March 2019 |work= Flight Global |access-date= 5 May 2019 |archive-date= 30 March 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190330195345/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-ready-to-step-up-tempo-of-gripen-e-testing-456945/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In 2021, Brazil started F-39E supersonic flight tests at high altitude above 16,000 feet.<ref>{{cite web|date=7 March 2021|title=Brazilian Gripen E Starts Supersonic Flight Test|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/03/08/brazilian-gripen-e-starts-supersonic-flight-test/|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712065704/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/03/08/brazilian-gripen-e-starts-supersonic-flight-test/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Saab executive Mikael Franzén, Brazil will start receiving production aircraft with IRST from November 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title= FAB receberá mais quatro caças Gripen E da Saab|url= https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/fab-recebera-mais-quatro-cacas-gripen-e-da-saab|date= 16 September 2021|website= Defesa Aérea e Naval|language= pt-BR|access-date= 18 September 2021|archive-date= 18 September 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210918104422/https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/fab-recebera-mais-quatro-cacas-gripen-e-da-saab|url-status= live}}</ref> The service has a requirement for 108 Gripens, to be delivered in three batches.<ref name= FlightGlobal-2014>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-air-force-confirms-gripen-acquisition-numbers-406213/ |title= Brazilian air force confirms Gripen acquisition numbers |work= Flight Global |date= 18 November 2014 |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 27 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190427201557/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-air-force-confirms-gripen-acquisition-numbers-406213/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Brazilian Saab Gripen E (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Front view of a Brazilian Gripen during an exercise, October 2022]]
On 1 February 2022, the Brazilian Air Force commander Carlos de Almeida Baptista Júnior told newspaper ''Folha de S. Paulo'' that Brazil is in initial planning phase for negotiations with Saab for a new batch of 30 Gripen&nbsp;E/Fs,<ref name= "2nd Brazilian batch">{{cite news |url= https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/02/forca-aerea-brasileira-compra-novos-misseis-e-quer-mais-30-cacas-gripen.shtml |title= Força Aérea Brasileira compra novos mísseis e quer mais 30 caças Gripen |trans-title= Brazilian Air Force buys new missiles and wants 30 more Gripen fighters |date= 1 February 2022 |website= Folha de S. Paulo |first= Igor |last= Gielow |language= pt |access-date= 1 February 2022 |archive-date= 1 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220201102342/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/02/forca-aerea-brasileira-compra-novos-misseis-e-quer-mais-30-cacas-gripen.shtml |url-status= live }}</ref> "our capacity planning takes us today, by our employment assumptions, to 66 Gripens in operation"; this planning phase is expected to be finished by mid-2022.<ref name= "2nd Brazilian batch" /> The negotiation and Brazilian intention was confirmed by the Saab's chief executive Håkan Buskhe in February 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-enters-serial-production-as-saab-targets-sa-455831/ |title= Gripen E enters serial production as Saab targets sales |date= 15 February 2019 |work= Flight Global |access-date= 10 September 2019 |archive-date= 20 June 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190620215657/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-enters-serial-production-as-saab-targets-sa-455831/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The confirmation comes after media rumors that the service saw the Lockheed Martin&nbsp;F-35 as an ideal candidate to continue the modernization process in the coming years, after Gripen's recent failed bids in Finland and Switzerland, rumors that Baptista denied.<ref name="2nd Brazilian batch"/><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.defesanet.com.br/nfab/noticia/43140/FAB-Notas-Estrategicas-III---Ajuste-de-curso-na-FAB/ |title= FAB Notas Estratégicas III – Ajuste de curso na FAB |trans-title= Strategic Notes III – Course adjustment at FAB |date= 23 December 2021 |website= Defesanet |language= pt |access-date= 1 February 2022 |archive-date= 1 February 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220201112040/https://www.defesanet.com.br/nfab/noticia/43140/FAB-Notas-Estrategicas-III---Ajuste-de-curso-na-FAB/ |url-status= live }}</ref>  On 1&nbsp;April 2022, Brazil received the first two series produced F-39E.<ref>{{cite press release |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2022/the-first-serial-production-gripen-e-fighters-are-in-brazil |title= The First Serial Production Gripen E Fighters are in Brazil |publisher= Saab AB |date= 2 April 2022 |access-date= 12 April 2022 |archive-date= 11 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220411190033/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2022/the-first-serial-production-gripen-e-fighters-are-in-brazil |url-status= live }}</ref> On 22&nbsp;April 2022, the Brazilian Air Force announced the purchase of four more Gripens&nbsp;E/F for the first batch, totaling 40 aircraft, and the ongoing studies for a second batch.<ref name="4 more aircraft 2022">{{cite news |url= https://www.fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/38957/DIA%20DA%20AVIA%C3%87%C3%83O%20DE%20CA%C3%87A%20-%20No%20Dia%20da%20Avia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Ca%C3%A7a%20FAB%20ganha%20mais%204%20aeronaves%20F-39%20Gripen |title= No Dia da Aviação de Caça FAB ganha mais 4 aeronaves F-39 Gripen |trans-title= On Fighter Aviation Day FAB wins 4 more F-39 Gripen aircraft |date= 22 April 2022 |publisher= FAB |language= pt |access-date= 23 April 2022 |archive-date= 22 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220422224512/https://www.fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/38957/DIA%20DA%20AVIA%C3%87%C3%83O%20DE%20CA%C3%87A%20-%20No%20Dia%20da%20Avia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Ca%C3%A7a%20FAB%20ganha%20mais%204%20aeronaves%20F-39%20Gripen |url-status= live }}</ref> On 23 May 2022, Commander Baptista Júnior announced at a press conference that the second batch will consist of 26 Gripens, priced around US$85 million per unit (US$2.2 billion); these new units plus the four ordered in April 2022 will be assembled at the Embraer factory in Gavião Peixoto.<ref name="2nd batch 26 units">{{cite news |url= https://www.defensa.com/brasil/mas-cazas-gripen-fuerza-ayrea-brasilena-encima-60-costa-reducir |title= Más cazas Gripen en la Fuerza Aérea Brasileña, por encima de 60, a costa de reducir los KC-390 |trans-title= More Gripen fighters in the Brazilian Air Force, above 60, at the cost of reducing the KC-390 |date= 25 May 2022 |work= Defensa |language= es |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 29 September 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220929201549/https://www.defensa.com/brasil/mas-cazas-gripen-fuerza-ayrea-brasilena-encima-60-costa-reducir |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="2nd batch 26 units 2">{{cite news |url= https://aeroin.net/fab-quer-esquadrao-extra-com-mais-26-cacas-gripen-por-ate-r10-bilhoes/ |title= FAB quer esquadrão extra com mais 26 caças Gripen por até R$10 bilhões |trans-title= FAB wants extra squadron with 26 more Gripen fighters for up to R$ 10 billion |date= 23 May 2022 |work= Aeroin |language= pt |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 21 June 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230621102930/https://aeroin.net/fab-quer-esquadrao-extra-com-mais-26-cacas-gripen-por-ate-r10-bilhoes/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="2nd batch 26 units 3">{{cite news |url= https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3767045/radiografia-fuerza-aerea-brasilena-siglo-xxi-primera-parte |title= Brasil fija en 26 aviones el segundo lote de cazas Gripen y paraliza el desarrollo del misil A-Darter |trans-title= Brazil sets the second batch of Gripen fighters at 26 aircraft and paralyzes the development of the A-Darter missile |date= 25 May 2022 |work= Infodefensa |language= es |access-date= 8 January 2024 |archive-date= 23 June 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230623035600/https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3767045/radiografia-fuerza-aerea-brasilena-siglo-xxi-primera-parte |url-status= live }}</ref>  On 1 August 2022, the Saab's chief executive Micael Johansson, confirmed that Brazil has initiated formal negotiations for 26 more Gripen fighters.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.defensa.com/brasil/brasil-comienza-negociar-segundo-lote-cazas-gripen-ng-para-aerea |title= Brasil comienza a negociar un segundo lote de cazas Gripen NG para su Fuerza Aérea |trans-title= Brazil begins the negotiation of a second batch of Gripen NG aircraft for its Air Force |date= 1 August 2022 |work= Defensa |language= es |access-date= 2 August 2022 |archive-date= 2 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220802145228/https://www.defensa.com/brasil/brasil-comienza-negociar-segundo-lote-cazas-gripen-ng-para-aerea |url-status= live }}</ref>

Saab and Embraer inaugurated the production line for Gripen E in Brazil on 9 May 2023.<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Saab |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2023/gripen-e-production-line-inaugurated-in-brazil |title=Gripen E production line inaugurated in Brazil |type= press release |archive-url= https://archive.today/20230509202634/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2023/gripen-e-production-line-inaugurated-in-brazil |archive-date=9 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 November 2023, the newspaper ''Folha de S. Paulo'' reported ongoing negotiations between the Brazilian and Swedish governments, for a deal involving 14 more Gripens for the Brazilian Air Force, in exchange of four Embraer C-390 Millennium transport aircraft for the Swedish Air Force, according to sources, the deal will be finalized in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2023/11/lula-discute-negocio-casado-de-avioes-militares-com-a-suecia.shtml |title= Lula discute negócio casado de aviões militares com a Suécia |trans-title= Lula discusses military aircraft deal with Sweden |date= 23 November 2023 |website= Folha de S. Paulo |first= Igor |last= Gielow |language= pt |access-date= 23 November 2023 |archive-date= 23 November 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231123184311/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2023/11/lula-discute-negocio-casado-de-avioes-militares-com-a-suecia.shtml |url-status= live }}</ref>

===Potential operators===
====Austria====
Starting in the 1990s, the Gripen was one candidate to replace the {{wipe|Austrian Air Force}}'s aging [[Engineering:Saab 35 Draken|Saab 35 Drakens]]; the [[Engineering:Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Typhoon]] was selected in 2003.<ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article28.html |work= F-16.net |title= Cancelled Orders |access-date= 5 March 2014 |archive-date= 13 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170713202146/http://www.f-16.net/f-16_users_article28.html |url-status= live }}</ref> During the mid-2010s, Austria started considering replacing their Typhoons with Gripens due to obsolescence and cost, as they are all Tranche&nbsp;1 and need upgrades to be retained.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://orf.at/stories/3181145/ |title= Saab bietet "den perfekten Jet für Österreichs Bundesheer" |website= ORF |date= 13 September 2020 |access-date= 29 August 2021 |archive-date= 29 August 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210829201422/https://orf.at/stories/3181145/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name= Jennings-2015 />

====Botswana====
In 2014, Saab opened an office in Botswana.<ref>{{Cite press release |title= Saab expands its African footprint |url= http://saabgroup.com/sv/media/news-press/news/2014-03/saab-expands-its-african-footprint/ |publisher= Saab |date= March 2014 |access-date= 24 May 2016 |archive-date= 24 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124040012/http://saabgroup.com/sv/media/news-press/news/2014-03/saab-expands-its-african-footprint/ |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |place= {{wipe|South Africa}} |date= 13 March 2014 |url= http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33973:saab-opens-botswana-office&catid=7:Industry&Itemid=116 |title= Saab opens Botswana office |last= Martin |first= Guy |website= Defence Web |access-date= 24 May 2016 |archive-date= 24 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124040428/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33973:saab-opens-botswana-office&catid=7:Industry&Itemid=116 |url-status= live }}</ref> The country is interested in buying eight surplus Gripen&nbsp;C/Ds, with possible extension to 16, to replace the Botswana Defence Force Air Wing's (BDF) 14 ex-Royal Canadian Air Force [[Engineering:Canadair CF-5|CF-5]]&nbsp;fighters used since 1996.<ref>{{cite web |date= 13 May 2016 |title= Eventuell Gripen-affär med Botswana |work= Sydsvenskan |language= sv |trans-title= Possible Gripen deal with Botswana |place= SE |url= http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2016-05-13/eventuell-gripen-affar-med-botswana |access-date= 24 May 2016 |archive-date= 1 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170201175242/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2016-05-13/eventuell-gripen-affar-med-botswana |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher= Intelligence briefs |url= http://intelligencebriefs.com/botswana-to-acquire-16-saab-jas-39cd-gripen-multirole-fighters/ |title= Botswana to Acquire 16 Saab JAS-39C/D Gripen Multirole Fighters |work= Strategic Intelligence Service |date= 17 May 2016 |access-date= 24 May 2016 |archive-date= 24 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124040111/http://intelligencebriefs.com/botswana-to-acquire-16-saab-jas-39cd-gripen-multirole-fighters/ |url-status= live }}</ref>  BDF officials reportedly believe the Gripen acquisition is a done deal.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.businessweekly.co.bw/3536-2/ |title= Drama of the Gripen jet |last= Motlogelwa |first= Tshireletso |place= BW |date= 10 June 2016 |website= Business Weekly & Review |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170805022154/http://www.businessweekly.co.bw/3536-2/ |archive-date= 5 August 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43951:botswana-going-for-gripen--report |title= Botswana going for Gripen |type= report |last= Helfrich |first= Kim |date= 20 June 2016 |website= Defence Web |place= ZA |access-date= 21 June 2016 |archive-date= 24 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124040411/http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43951:botswana-going-for-gripen--report |url-status= live }}</ref>

====Colombia====
Saab has offered 15<ref>{{cite web |work= Saab seminar |url= https://saab-seminar.creo.se/dl/o/okfMkzKJ8OP-LtkhHjBYqg |title= Gripen Seminar 210608 |publisher= Creo |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210609225756/https://saab-seminar.creo.se/dl/o/okfMkzKJ8OP-LtkhHjBYqg |archive-date= 9 June 2021 |url-status= live}}</ref> Gripen&nbsp;C/D or E/F<ref name="Jennings-2015" /> to Colombia, with possible deliveries during 2018–21, depending on variant selected.<ref>{{cite web |last= Saumeth |first= E |language= es |title= Saab está en disposición de sumministrar su Gripen C/D a Colombia en 18 meses |work= Info defensa |date= 24 May 2016 |trans-title= Saab can deliver its Gripen C/D to Colombia in 18 months |url= http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2016/05/24/noticia-primera-ofrece-colombia-gripen-plazos-entrega-meses.html |access-date= 12 June 2016 |archive-date= 3 November 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161103025607/http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2016/05/24/noticia-primera-ofrece-colombia-gripen-plazos-entrega-meses.html |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Cavas-2015" />

====Philippines====
In September 2016, Saab announced its intention to open an office in [[Place:Manila|Manila]] to support its campaign to sell the Gripen to fill the {{wipe|Philippine Air Force}}'s requirement for 12 multirole fighters; Saab also intends to offer ground infrastructure, integrated C2 systems and datalinks, similar to the capabilities of the Royal Thai Air Force.<ref name="PAFOfferJanes5340">{{cite magazine |last1= Grevatt |first1=Jon |title= Saab targets Gripen at Philippine Air Force |magazine=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date=5 October 2016 |volume=53 |issue=40 |page= 8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= PAF Flight Plan 2028 |url= http://www.paf.mil.ph/flightplan2028/ |publisher= Philippine Air Force |access-date= 21 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171202130337/http://www.paf.mil.ph/flightplan2028/ |archive-date= 2 December 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref> In 2018, Saab renewed its sales push.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grevatt |first1= Jon |title= Saab's Gripen positioned for Philippines fighter requirement |url= https://www.janes.com/article/80943/saab-s-gripen-positioned-for-philippines-fighter-requirement |work=IHS Jane's Defence Industry |via=Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180614175349/https://www.janes.com/article/80943/saab-s-gripen-positioned-for-philippines-fighter-requirement |archive-date=14 June 2018 |location= Bangkok |date=13 June 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The Department of National Defense is reportedly more likely to buy six Gripen C/D MS20 over the US offer of F-16V Block 70/72.<ref>{{cite news |title=DND plans to buy Sweden-made jets |date=16 October 2018 |first=Ben |last=Cal |newspaper=Manila Standard |url=http://manilastandard.net/news/top-stories/278089/dnd-plans-to-buy-sweden-made-jets.html |archive-date=16 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016125951/http://manilastandard.net/news/top-stories/278089/dnd-plans-to-buy-sweden-made-jets.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first= Ben |last= Cal |date= 15 October 2018 |website= Philippines News Agency |url= http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051097 |title= DND likely to acquire Swedish-made fighter jets |access-date= 16 October 2018 |archive-date= 15 October 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181015140421/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1051097 |url-status= live }}</ref> According to Swedish newspaper ''Aftonbladet'', Swedish ISP Exportkontrollrådet (Export Control Council) ruled in November 2022 to approve export to the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=3 December 2022 |title=Sweden Agrees On Multi-billion Deals To Sale Gripen Fighter Jets To Colombia And Philippines |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/12/03/sweden-agrees-on-multi-billion-deals-to-sale-gripen-fighter-jets-to-colombia-and-philippines/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US |url-access=subscription |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203101625/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/12/03/sweden-agrees-on-multi-billion-deals-to-sale-gripen-fighter-jets-to-colombia-and-philippines/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/xglE9V/uppgifter-isp-godkanner-export-av-jas-gripen-till-filippinerna |title=Uppgifter: ISP godkänner export av Jas Gripen till Filippinerna |date=December 2022 |language=swedish |trans-title=Information: Inspectorate of Strategic Products (ISP) approves export of Jas Gripen to the Philippines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201121615/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/xglE9V/uppgifter-isp-godkanner-export-av-jas-gripen-till-filippinerna |archive-date=1 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> They also raise the option of providing leased JAS 39 Gripens as a counter-offer to the F-16V offer of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikolov |first=Boyko |date=28 December 2022 |title=Gripen vs F-16 for the Philippines: JAS-39 may have the edge |url=https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/12/28/gripen-vs-f-16-for-the-philippines-jas-39-may-have-the-edge/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230101085149/https://bulgarianmilitary.com/2022/12/28/gripen-vs-f-16-for-the-philippines-jas-39-may-have-the-edge/ |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=BulgarianMilitary.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Orpiano |first=Pitz |date=12 February 2023 |title=Weighing the SAAB's JAS-39 Gripen Lease Option to the Philippine Air Force |url=https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2023/02/weigh-saabs-jas-39-gripen-lease-paf.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pitz Defense Analysis |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325100503/https://www.pitzdefanalysis.net/2023/02/weigh-saabs-jas-39-gripen-lease-paf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In June 2023, The Philippines and Sweden signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) during the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, paving the way for a potential agreement that would see Sweden supplying 12 Gripen C/D MS20 multirole fighter aircraft to the Philippine Air Force (PAF). The MOU on defence materiel cooperation was signed by Acting Defence Secretary Carlito Galvez Jr. and Swedish Defence Minister Pål Jonson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defence-industry.eu/philippines-and-sweden-sign-mou-for-potential-gripen-fighter-jet-deal/|title=Philippines and Sweden Sign MOU for potential Gripen fighter jet deal|date=6 June 2023|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726092300/https://defence-industry.eu/philippines-and-sweden-sign-mou-for-potential-gripen-fighter-jet-deal/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2023/06/saab-gripen-gets-ahead-in-the-philippines-bid-for-a-new-fighter/|title=Saab Gripen gets ahead in the Philippines' bid for a new fighter|first=Gastón|last=Dubois|date=7 June 2023|website=Aviacionline.com|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726092304/https://www.aviacionline.com/2023/06/saab-gripen-gets-ahead-in-the-philippines-bid-for-a-new-fighter/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/philippine-air-force-saab-jas-39-gripen-fighter-jets-sweden-a00203-20230605|title=The Philippines Is Acquiring Swedish Fighter Jets Saab Jas-39 Gripen|access-date=26 July 2023|archive-date=26 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726092300/https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/philippine-air-force-saab-jas-39-gripen-fighter-jets-sweden-a00203-20230605|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Ukraine ====
In July 2022, the Minister of Defence Oleksii Reznikov announced the JAS&nbsp;39 Gripen as a candidate aircraft for the {{wipe|Ukrainian Air Force}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=13 November 2022 |title=UK Think Tanks Recommended Supplying 'Sukhoi Killer' Gripen Fighter Jets To Ukraine For Next Phase Of Battle |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/11/13/uk-think-tanks-recommended-supplying-gripen-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-for-next-phase-of-battle/ |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202173059/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2022/11/13/uk-think-tanks-recommended-supplying-gripen-fighter-jets-to-ukraine-for-next-phase-of-battle/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jets for Ukrainian Air Force Have Already Been Decided And It Is Not the F-16: Tips From the Pentagon And Copenhagen {{!}} Defense Express |url=https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/the_aircraft_for_ukrainian_air_force_have_already_been_decided_and_it_is_not_the_f_16_tips_from_the_pentagon_and_copenhagen-4022.html |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=en.defence-ua.com |language=en |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827115955/https://en.defence-ua.com/analysis/the_aircraft_for_ukrainian_air_force_have_already_been_decided_and_it_is_not_the_f_16_tips_from_the_pentagon_and_copenhagen-4022.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2023 after visiting Sweden's Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that "Ukrainian pilots had already begun training on the planes".<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-zelenskiy-visits-sweden-meet-pm-royal-family-2023-08-19/ |website= reuters.com |title= Ukraine's Zelenskiy asks Sweden for Gripen jets in first visit since Russian invasion |first1= Dan |last1= Peleschuk |first2= Supantha |last2= Mukherjee |date= 19 August 2023 |access-date= 20 August 2023 |archive-date= 20 August 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230820001030/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-zelenskiy-visits-sweden-meet-pm-royal-family-2023-08-19/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In early December 2023, it was reported that there were fruitful bilateral discussions about the possible transfer of Gripen aircraft to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3797578-ukraine-sweden-discuss-potential-provision-of-gripen-aircraft-to-uaf.html|title=Ukraine, Sweden discuss potential provision of Gripen aircraft to UAF|work=Ukrinform|date=8 December 2023|access-date=8 December 2023|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208223836/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3797578-ukraine-sweden-discuss-potential-provision-of-gripen-aircraft-to-uaf.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Others====
Other countries that have expressed interest in Gripen include:
{{Div col|colwidth=27em}}
* {{wipe|Argentina}} (E/F from Brazil)<ref>{{Citation |title= Argentina quiere comprar 24 cazas supersónicos |newspaper= Ámbito |language=es |trans-title= Argentine wants to buy 24 supersonic fighters |date= 21 October 2014 |first= Edgardo |last= Aguilera |quote= Se trata de los aviones Saab Gripen. Se firmará en San Pablo una declaración conjunta, ratificando la intención del país de sumarse a la renovación de la flota iniciada por Brasil [It concerns the Saab Gripen aircraft. In São Paulo a joint declaration will be signed ratifying the intention of the country {Argentina} to joint the fleet renewal Brazil started]. |place= São Paulo, {{wipe|Brazil}} |url= http://www.ambito.com/noticia.asp?id=763752}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |newspaper= Clarín |title= Preocupa en Londres que Argentina busca comprar aviones de combate |language= es |url= http://www.clarin.com/politica/Malvinas-Reino_Unido-soberania-guerra-aviones-Londres_0_1238276555.html |place= AR |first= Natasha |last= Niebieskikwiat |date= 28 October 2014 |trans-title= Worries at London that Argentine wants to buy combat aircraft |access-date= 30 October 2015 |archive-date= 24 September 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924155724/http://www.clarin.com/politica/Malvinas-Reino_Unido-soberania-guerra-aviones-Londres_0_1238276555.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
* Ecuador<ref name= EC>{{Citation |newspaper= Taringa |language= es |title= Argentina compraría cazas Gripen NG a Brasil |trans-title= Argentine would buy Gripen NG fighters from Brazil |date= 22 October 2014 |quote= También existen negociaciones muy avanzadas para ofrecerlo en Ecuador, donde también se ofrecen aviones de medio uso Gripen C, que pueden ser repotenciados en el futuro al nivel del nuevo Gripen NG, en que podría convertirse en el avión de primera línea de batalla en la Fuerza Aérea Ecuatoriana y el más moderno en su inventario [There are also very advanced negotiations to offer it to the Ecuador, also offering half-life Gripen C aircraft that could in the future be upgraded to the new Gripen NG level, which could become the Ecuatorian Air force first battle line aircraft, the most modern in its inventory] |url= http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/18215747/Argentina-compraria-cazas-Gripen-NG-a-Brasil.html |access-date= 22 October 2014 |archive-date= 2 February 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063827/http://www.taringa.net/posts/noticias/18215747/Argentina-compraria-cazas-Gripen-NG-a-Brasil.html |url-status= dead}}</ref> (C/D, or E/F<ref name= Jennings-2015 /> from Brazil)
* Estonia<ref name=Jennings-2014/>
* Ireland<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/irish-commission-recommends-fighter-procurement|title=Irish commission recommends fighter procurement|website=Janes.com|access-date=3 May 2022|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325161501/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/irish-commission-recommends-fighter-procurement|url-status=live}}</ref> 
* Kenya<ref>{{Citation |first= Olle |last= Nygårds |url= http://www.svd.se/kenya-intresserat-av-gripen |newspaper= SvD |place= SE |language= sv |trans-title= Three African countries interested in the Gripen |date= 16 June 2015 |title= Tre afrikanska länder intresserade av Gripen |quote= Under den pågående flygmässan i Paris pekar Saab nu ut tre nya länder som visar intresse för bolagets flygplan. Det rör sig om Botswana, Namibia och Kenya [During the ongoing Paris Air Show, Saab points out three new countries showing interest in the company's aircraft. They are Botswana, Namibia and Kenya]. |access-date= 16 June 2015 |archive-date= 19 June 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150619124254/http://www.svd.se/kenya-intresserat-av-gripen |url-status= live }}</ref> (C/D)<ref name= Jennings-2015/>
* Latvia<ref name=Jennings-2014/>
* Lithuania<ref name=Jennings-2014/>
* Malaysia<ref name=Jennings-2014/> (C/D)<ref name=Jennings-2015/>
* Mexico{{Sfn|Jasper|Rolander|2014|ps=: 'A carrier version of the plane may be an option for Brazil, with Argentina, Ecuador and Mexico among possible export targets.'}} (C/D, or E/F<ref name=Jennings-2015/> from Brazil)
* Namibia<ref name=Cavas-2015/> (C/D)<ref name=Jennings-2015/>
* Peru<ref name=Jennings-2014/> (C/D, or E/F<ref name=Jennings-2015/> from Brazil)
* Portugal<ref name=Jennings-2014/> (C/D)<ref name=Jennings-2015/>
* Serbia<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/serbia-airforce-idUSL6E7NG2G020111216 |title= Serb air force seeks new fighter jets |last1= Vasovic |first1= Aleksandar |last2= Fletcher |first2= Philippa |date= 16 December 2011 |work= Reuters |access-date= 4 January 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032208/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/12/16/serbia-airforce-idUSL6E7NG2G020111216 |archive-date= 6 January 2014}}</ref>
* Slovenia<ref>{{cite web |last= Kucic |first= Dino |title= Croatia, Slovenia to pursue joint fighter deal |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/croatia-slovenia-to-pursue-joint-fighter-deal-348996/ |work=FlightGlobal |date= 27 October 2010 |access-date= 17 December 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217023432/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/croatia-slovenia-to-pursue-joint-fighter-deal-348996/ |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref>
* {{wipe|Vietnam People's Air Force}}<ref>{{Citation |last= Phong |first= Dao |language= vi |place= VN |title= Việt Nam sẽ thay thế toàn bộ Mig-21 bằng JAS-39 Gripen |date= 25 August 2013 |trans-title= Vietnam will replace the entire MiG-21 fleet by JAS-39 Gripen |url= http://www.nguoiduatin.vn/viet-nam-se-thay-the-toan-bo-mig-21-bang-jas-39-gripen-a99373.html |newspaper= Người đưa tin |access-date= 19 May 2014 |archive-date= 21 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170321234115/http://www.nguoiduatin.vn/viet-nam-se-thay-the-toan-bo-mig-21-bang-jas-39-gripen-a99373.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
{{div col end}}

Saab's head of exports Eddy de La Motte has stated in 2013 that Gripen's chances have improved as nations waver in their commitments to the F-35.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Wall |first= Robert |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-19/saab-says-gripen-export-chances-rise-as-f-35-buyers-review-plans.html |title= Saab Says Gripen Export Chances Rise as F-35 Buyers Review Plans |publisher= Bloomberg |date= 20 March 2013 |access-date= 3 November 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103154453/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-19/saab-says-gripen-export-chances-rise-as-f-35-buyers-review-plans.html |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> In September 2013, Saab's CEO Håkan Buskhe said he envisioned Gripen sales to reach 400 or 450 aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |language=no |url= http://e24.no/boers-og-finans/spaar-ny-vaar-for-gripen-produsent/21607396 |title= Spår ny vår for Gripen-produsent |trans-title= Prediction of new Spring for Gripen manufacturer |newspaper= E24 Næringsliv |place= {{wipe|Norway}} |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131220025122/http://e24.no/boers-og-finans/spaar-ny-vaar-for-gripen-produsent/21607396 |archive-date= 20 December 2013}}</ref>

===Failed bids===
====Bulgaria====

In response to the {{wipe|Bulgarian Air Force}}'s interest in the Gripen, the Gerdzhikov caretaker cabinet announced in April 2017 the fighter's section by a state commission and plans for an initial batch of eight Gripens at up to 1.5 billion BGN (ca. 745 million [[Finance:Euro|euro]]), to be delivered around 2018–2020, along with a second batch of eight later. Competing bids were used USAF F-16A/Bs to be modernised to MLU standard by the Portuguese OGMA (similar to Bulgaria's neighbour Romania) and used {{wipe|Italian Air Force}} Tranche 1 Eurofighter Typhoons, with the US/Portuguese offer finishing second and the Italian offer third.<ref>{{Citation |title= Официално: България избра Gripen |date= 26 April 2017 |newspaper= Aeropress |language=bg |trans-title= Official: Bulgaria chose Gripen |url= http://aeropress-bg.com/news/bulgaria/4394-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0-gripen |access-date= 4 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170429050448/http://aeropress-bg.com/news/bulgaria/4394-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0-gripen |archive-date= 29 April 2017 |url-status= dead}}</ref> According to the deputy prime minister and minister of defence Stefan Yanev, the Gripen's selection was primarily due to Saab's offer of favourable financial terms, such as a lease option and offset agreements, accounting for about one billion BGN for the aircraft alone ($834 million),<ref>{{cite web|last= Jennings |first= Gareth |date= 26 April 2017 |title= Bulgaria opts for Gripen |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |url= http://www.janes.com/article/69855/bulgaria-opts-for-gripen |access-date= 29 April 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170429015838/http://www.janes.com/article/69855/bulgaria-opts-for-gripen |archive-date= 29 April 2017 |location= London}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= Tsolova |first1= Tsvetelia |last2= Krasimirov |first2= Angel |last3= Mahlich |first3= Greg |title= Bulgaria opts for Swedish Gripen combat jets |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/bulgaria-defence-airplane-idUSL8N1HY3L8 |publisher= Reuters |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170429020010/http://www.reuters.com/article/bulgaria-defence-airplane-idUSL8N1HY3L8 |archive-date= 29 April 2017 |date= 26 April 2017}}</ref> while the US/Portuguese bid accounted a price of about one and a half billion BGN for the aircraft alone. The second-place offer was retained as a back-up option if negotiations with Saab failed; program finances were budgeted through to 2017. It would replace both the MiG-29 fighters of Graf Ignatievo Air Base and the Su-25 attack aircraft of Bezmer Air Base, as well as the already retired Su-22 reconnaissance aircraft.<ref>{{Citation |date= 27 April 2017 |url= https://www.24chasa.bg/novini/article/6191954 |trans-title= Tsvetanov: GERB does not participate in backstage negotiations for Gripen fighters |title= Цветанов: ГЕРБ не участва в задкулисни преговори за изтребителите "Грипен" |language= bg |newspaper= 24 Цаса |access-date= 26 April 2017 |archive-date= 19 May 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519174645/https://www.24chasa.bg/novini/article/6191954 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title= Правителството прие като най-изгодна офертата за шведските изтребители "Грипен" |newspaper= Дневник |date= 26 April 2017 |trans-title= The government has accepted the most advantageous offer for Swedish Gripen fighter jets |url= http://www.dnevnik.bg/bulgaria/2017/04/26/2960493_pravitelstvoto_reshi_da_se_pregovaria_za_shvedskite/ |language= bg |access-date= 26 April 2017 |archive-date= 5 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073521/http://www.dnevnik.bg/bulgaria/2017/04/26/2960493_pravitelstvoto_reshi_da_se_pregovaria_za_shvedskite/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

In October 2018, potential suppliers responded to a renewed tender, consisting of new F-16V Vipers from Lockheed Martin, new Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornets=, used Eurofighter Typhoons from Italy and used Gripen C/Ds from Sweden. France, Germany, Israel and Portugal did not respond to requests for used Eurofighter Typhoons and F-16 variants.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=Bulgaria receives MiG replacement offers |url=https://www.janes.com/article/83499/bulgaria-receives-mig-replacement-offers |website=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181006140134/https://www.janes.com/article/83499/bulgaria-receives-mig-replacement-offers |archive-date=6 October 2018 |location=London |date=2 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2018, Saab submitted an improved offer to supply 10 new Gripen C/Ds instead of the previously proposed 8.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Tanev |first1= Mario |title= Saab sweetens offer to supply Gripen fighter jets to Bulgaria |url= https://seenews.com/news/saab-sweetens-offer-to-supply-gripen-fighter-jets-to-bulgaria-636748 |website= SeeNews |access-date= 18 December 2018 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20181218193423/https://seenews.com/news/saab-sweetens-offer-to-supply-gripen-fighter-jets-to-bulgaria-636748 |archive-date= 18 December 2018 |location= Sofia, BG |date= 14 December 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref> However, in December 2018, the Bulgarian Ministry of Defence selected the F-16V offer as the preferred option, and recommended talks with the US.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Tsolova |first1= Tsvetelia |last2= Krasimirov |first2= Angel |title= Update 1—Bulgaria ready to choose F-16 fighter jets for its airforce |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/bulgaria-defence-jets/update-1-bulgaria-ready-to-choose-f-16-fighter-jets-for-its-airforce-idUSL8N1YQ4UM |publisher= Reuters |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181222194919/https://www.reuters.com/article/bulgaria-defence-jets/update-1-bulgaria-ready-to-choose-f-16-fighter-jets-for-its-airforce-idUSL8N1YQ4UM |archive-date= 22 December 2018 |location= Sofia |date= 21 December 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref> On 3 June 2019, the US State Department approved the possible sale of 8 F-16Vs to Bulgaria at an estimate cost of $1.67 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/bulgaria-f-16cd-block-7072-aircraft-support |title=Bulgaria – F-16C/D Block 70/72 Aircraft with Support |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210508135505/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/bulgaria-f-16cd-block-7072-aircraft-support |archive-date=8 May 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> On 10 July 2019, Bulgaria approved the acquisition of eight F-16V Block 70/72s for US$1.25bn.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/bulgaria-approves-f-16-purchase-459581/ |title= Bułgaria approves F-16 |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 10 July 2019 |archive-date= 10 July 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190710170745/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/bulgaria-approves-f-16-purchase-459581/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The deal was vetoed by the Bulgarian President, Rumen Radev on 23 July 2019, citing the need for a broader consensus, returning it to parliament.<ref>{{cite news|title= Bulgaria president vetoes $1.26 billion deal for F-16 fighter jets|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bulgaria-defence/bulgaria-president-vetoes-1-26-billion-deal-for-f-16-fighter-jets-idUSKCN1UI1ZJ|publisher= Reuters|date= 23 July 2019|access-date= 3 August 2019|archive-date= 3 August 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190803124005/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bulgaria-defence/bulgaria-president-vetoes-1-26-billion-deal-for-f-16-fighter-jets-idUSKCN1UI1ZJ|url-status= live}}</ref> On 26 July 2019, parliament again approved the deal, overruling the veto, and was approved by Radev.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/bulgarian-parliament-clears-f-16v-buy-for-second-time/133717.article |title= Bulgarian parliament clears F-16V buy for second time |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date= 16 January 2020 |archive-date= 29 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201029013711/https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/bulgarian-parliament-clears-f-16v-buy-for-second-time/133717.article |url-status= live }}</ref> In April 2020, Lockheed Martin was contracted by the US government to produce Bulgaria's F-16Vs, completion is expected in 2027.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2135175/ |title= Contracts For April 2, 2020 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210508134050/https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2135175/ |archive-date=8 May 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Waldron |first=Greg |title=US awards Lockheed $512 million for Bulgarian F-16 production |website=FlightGlobal |date=3 April 2020 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/us-awards-lockheed-512-million-for-bulgarian-f-16-production/137720.article |access-date=17 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412004556/https://www.flightglobal.com/fixed-wing/us-awards-lockheed-512-million-for-bulgarian-f-16-production/137720.article |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2022, there were reports that Bulgaria had been given an offer from the Swedish government of procuring 10 Gripen C/Ds from Sweden for delivery within two years. The "24chasa" newspaper referenced a letter from Bulgarian Acting Minister of Defense Dimitar Stojanov to his Swedish counterpart Peter Hultqvist dated 30 September 2022. Dimitar Stojanov allegedly wrote in the letter that they would like to receive a more detailed offer, including an option of a leasing arrangement, and he invited Swedish representatives to visit Sofia to discuss further details. Peter Hultqvist's office confirmed to the Swedish news agency TT that it concerned a potential procurement inquiry. At the time Saab offered no comments on the issue. The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, FMV, claimed that they were aware of reports about Bulgarian interest but they had not received any formal inquiry so they refrained from commenting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/sv-se/nyheter/utrikes/bulgarien-intresserat-av-gripen/ar-AA12HaeV?ocid=entnewsntp&cvid=0b4ebf0509264f8284b9d5164e0e192f |title=Bulgarien intresserat av Gripen |website=[[Software:MSN|MSN]] |date=7 October 2022 |language=sv |trans-title=Bulgaria interested in Gripen |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.privataaffarer.se/saab-fornyat-intresse-for-gripen-fran-bulgarien-tt-1665134726 |title=Saab: Förnyat intresse för Gripen från Bulgarien |language=sv |trans-title=Saab: Renewed interest in Gripen from Bulgaria |date=7 October 2022 |access-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128175646/https://www.privataaffarer.se/saab-fornyat-intresse-for-gripen-fran-bulgarien-tt-1665134726 |archive-date=28 January 2023}}</ref>

====Canada====

Canada is a level 3 industrial partner in the [[Engineering:Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II|Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II]] [[Engineering:Joint Strike Fighter program|development program]], however an open fighter competition was launched in December 2017.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 December 2017 |title=Government launches open and transparent competition to replace Canada's fighter aircraft |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/government-launches-open-and-transparent-competition-to-replace-canadas-fighter-aircraft-663690663.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131093728/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/government-launches-open-and-transparent-competition-to-replace-canadas-fighter-aircraft-663690663.html |archive-date=31 January 2018 |website=Cision |location=Ottawa}}</ref> The {{wipe|Royal Canadian Air Force}} announced in February 2018 that Saab was a contestant along with the F-35.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada identifies five potential suppliers for its future fighter competition |website=CBC News |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/airbus-canada-fighters-1.5265665 |access-date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=30 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830175748/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/airbus-canada-fighters-1.5265665 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Keddie |first1=Ian |date=26 February 2018 |title=Canada identifies five potential suppliers for its future fighter competition |url=http://www.janes.com/article/78171/canada-identifies-five-potential-suppliers-for-its-future-fighter-competition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226182051/http://www.janes.com/article/78171/canada-identifies-five-potential-suppliers-for-its-future-fighter-competition |archive-date=26 February 2018 |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |location=Toronto}}</ref> The competition is very dependent on industrial benefits for Canadian companies; in May 2019, Saab offered to build Gripens in Canada akin to the Brazilian arrangement.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Swedish firm says it can build Gripen fighters in Canada to provide maximum jobs and technology transfer |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/swedish-firm-says-it-can-build-gripen-fighters-in-canada-to-provide-maximum-jobs-and-technology-transfer |website=Ottawa Citizen |location=Ottawa |access-date=11 June 2019 |archive-date=12 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612124629/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/swedish-firm-says-it-can-build-gripen-fighters-in-canada-to-provide-maximum-jobs-and-technology-transfer |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2019, Saab stated it was ready to offer 88 Gripen Es to Canada, in addition to full transfer of technology, Saab stated that they could offer the integration of American and other non-Saab equipment so that the aircraft is interoperable with the US military. Saab also stated the Gripen E was built for arctic conditions.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 June 2019 |title=Saab to offer Canada 88 Gripen Es |url=https://saab.com/gripen/news/blog/gripen-blog/2019/saab-to-offer-canada-88-gripen-es/ |publisher=Saab |quote='Moving forward with the Gripen E, we see no problem whatsoever to integrate that fighter into a NORAD context', said Per Alriksson of Saab |access-date=8 January 2024 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924183335/https://saab.com/gripen/news/blog/gripen-blog/2019/saab-to-offer-canada-88-gripen-es/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2021, Saab has offered to build two aerospace centers in Canada as part of the technology transfer proposal.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2020 |title=Gripen "Smart Fighter" For Canada Is A Viable Contender For FFCP: Saab |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2020/12/24/gripen-smart-fighter-for-canada-is-a-viable-contender-for-ffcp-saab/ |access-date=3 August 2021 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 January 2021 |title=Saab To Open Two Aerospace Centers If Canada Selects Gripen E |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/01/05/saab-to-open-two-aerospace-centers-if-canada-selects-gripen-e/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US |archive-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719044559/https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/01/05/saab-to-open-two-aerospace-centers-if-canada-selects-gripen-e/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 December 2021, the Canadian government confirmed that the Super Hornet did not meet its requirements and reduced the competitors to the F-35 and the Gripen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government of Canada announces key milestone in process to replace Canada's fighter jets |date=December 2021 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/news/2021/11/government-of-canada-announces-key-milestone-in-process-to-replace-canadas-fighter-jets.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20211205124011/https://www.canada.ca/en/public-services-procurement/news/2021/11/government-of-canada-announces-key-milestone-in-process-to-replace-canadas-fighter-jets.html |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=5 December 2021 |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Berthiaume |first=Lee |date=1 December 2021 |title=Boeing officially out of Canadian fighter jet competition |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/canada-confirms-boeing-s-super-hornet-officially-out-of-fighter-jet-competition-1.5689464 |accessdate=27 February 2022 |work=CTV News |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324081206/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/canada-confirms-boeing-s-super-hornet-officially-out-of-fighter-jet-competition-1.5689464 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late March 2022, the Canadian government announced its intention to negotiate a contract to purchase the F-35.<ref>{{cite web |last=Murray |first=Brewster |date=28 March 2022 |title=Liberals launch negotiations to buy F-35 fighter jets |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/f-35-negotiations-1.6399978 |accessdate=1 April 2022 |publisher=CBC |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118230307/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/f-35-negotiations-1.6399978 |url-status=live }}</ref> By early December 2022, defence sources revealed an initial funding request for 16 F-35s had been approved by the Treasury Board of Canada, though Saab claimed their offer remained eligible for selection.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2022 |title=Defence Department gets OK to spend $7 billion on 16 F-35 fighter jets: CP sources |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/defence-department-gets-ok-to-spend-7-billion-on-16-f-35-fighter-jets-cp-sources-1.6202528 |access-date=8 January 2023 |website=CTVNews |language=en |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221221010514/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/defence-department-gets-ok-to-spend-7-billion-on-16-f-35-fighter-jets-cp-sources-1.6202528 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 9 January 2023, the government announced the signing of a final contract to procure 88 F-35s, effectively ending the Gripen's chance for selection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defence |first=National |date=9 January 2023 |title=Announcement regarding the F-35 acquisition |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/01/announcement-regarding-the-f-35-acquisition.html |access-date=9 January 2023 |website=www.canada.ca |archive-date=9 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109184338/https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/01/announcement-regarding-the-f-35-acquisition.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Croatia====
On 24 October 2015, Sweden announced its Gripen C/D bid for Croatia's fighter replacement requirement, following a request for information from the Croatian Ministry of Defence in June for between 8 and 12 new-build aircraft to replace Croatia's fleet of MiG-21bis aircraft. The LTDP would run from 2015 to 2024 and was scheduled to have funding available for a replacement aircraft in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last= Forrester |first= Charles |title= Sweden announces Gripen bid for Croatia |url= http://www.janes.com/article/55522/sweden-announces-gripen-bid-for-croatia |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |location= London |date= 26 October 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160612152510/http://www.janes.com/article/55522/sweden-announces-gripen-bid-for-croatia |archive-date=12 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 29 March 2018, the Croatian government chose Israel's bid of 12 F-16C/D Barak 2020 fighters over the Gripen;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tabak |first=Igor |url= http://www.janes.com/article/78992/israeli-f-16-c-d-barak-wins-fighter-bid-in-croatia |title= Israeli F-16C/D Barak wins fighter bid in Croatia |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |place= Zagreb |date= 3 April 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180403191936/http://www.janes.com/article/78992/israeli-f-16-c-d-barak-wins-fighter-bid-in-croatia |archive-date= 3 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> this sale was halted in January 2019 after the US failed to approve Israel's sale of the modified aircraft to Croatia.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gubisch |first=Michael |title=Israel halts F-16 sale to Croatia |work=FlightGlobal |date=11 January 2019 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-halts-f-16-sale-to-croatia-454965 |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-date=12 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112150033/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/israel-halts-f-16-sale-to-croatia-454965/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Sweden submitted another response in September 2020 following a second RFP identifying Croatia's requirements issued in the spring 2020 for twelve fighters.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |date= 15 February 2019 |title= Gripen E enters serial production as Saab targets sales |work= FlightGlobal |url= http://flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-enters-serial-production-as-saab-targets-sa-455831/ |access-date= 15 February 2019 |archive-date= 15 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190215212637/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-e-enters-serial-production-as-saab-targets-sa-455831/ |url-status= live }}</ref> The second RFP opened up the competition to both new and secondhand aircraft.<ref>{{Citation |title=Saab propose le Gripen à la Croatie |work=Air & cosmos |date=9 September 2020 |last=Boquet |first=Justine |language=fr |url=https://www.air-cosmos.com/article/saab-propose-le-gripen-la-croatie-23569 |access-date=10 September 2020 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929044933/https://air-cosmos.com/article/saab-propose-le-gripen-la-croatie-23569 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 May 2021, the Prime Minister of Croatia Andrej Plenković announced that the Croatian Government will buy 12 used French Rafale F3R fighters for the {{wipe|Croatian Air Force}}.<ref name="Vlada RH">{{cite web |url=https://vlada.gov.hr/news/plenkovic-with-a-multi-role-fighter-aircraft-croatia-is-gaining-a-powerful-strategic-deterrent-for-the-next-30-40-years/32215 |title=Plenković: Plenković: with a multi-role fighter aircraft Croatia is gaining a powerful strategic deterrent for the next 30–40 years |last=Official Communiqué |first=Government of the republic of Croatia |date=28 May 2021 |website=Jutarnji list |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=28 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528113342/https://vlada.gov.hr/news/plenkovic-with-a-multi-role-fighter-aircraft-croatia-is-gaining-a-powerful-strategic-deterrent-for-the-next-30-40-years/32215 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dassault-aviation.com/en/group/press/press-kits/croatia-selects-the-rafale/ |title= Croatia selects the Rafale |work= Press kits |publisher= Dassault Aviation |access-date= 30 May 2021 |archive-date= 2 June 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212944/https://www.dassault-aviation.com/en/group/press/press-kits/croatia-selects-the-rafale/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

====Denmark====
In 2007, Denmark signed a Memorandum of Understanding between the Defence Ministers of Sweden and Denmark to evaluate the Gripen as a replacement for Denmark's fleet of 48 F-16s. Denmark also requested the development of Gripen variants featuring more powerful engines, larger payloads, longer range, and additional avionics; this request contributed to Saab's decision to proceed with the JAS E/F's development.<ref name= dla /><ref>{{cite web |work=FlightGlobal |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-gripen-variants-studied-by-saab-207410/ |title=New Gripen variants studied by Saab |date=27 June 2006 |access-date=17 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217024052/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/new-gripen-variants-studied-by-saab-207410/ |archive-date=17 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark repeatedly delayed the purchase decision;<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.cphpost.dk/news/national/88-national/47278-fighter-jet-decision-postponed-again.html |title= Fighter jet decision postponed&nbsp;– again |newspaper= The Copenhagen Post |date= 22 October 2009 |access-date= 23 October 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091023102022/http://www.cphpost.dk/news/national/88-national/47278-fighter-jet-decision-postponed-again.html |archive-date= 23 October 2009}}</ref> in 2013, Saab indicated that the Gripen was one of four contenders for the Danish purchase, alongside Boeing's Super Hornet, Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning II, and the Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref>{{Cite news |date= 15 March 2013 |url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-15/news/37744648_1_gripen-swedish-defence-firm-saab |title= Saab says Gripen in running for Danish fighter deal |work= The Economic Times |place= {{wipe|India}} |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130411043944/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-03-15/news/37744648_1_gripen-swedish-defence-firm-saab |archive-date= 11 April 2013}}</ref> Denmark is a level-3 partner in the JSF programme, and has already invested US$200 million. The final selection was to be in mid-2015 where an order for 24 to 30 fighters was expected.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130901/DEFREG03/309010008/Denmark-Prioritizes-Jobs-New-Fighter-Competition |title= Denmark Prioritizes Jobs in New Fighter Competition |work= Defense News |date= 1 September 2013 |first= Gerard |last= O'Dwyer |place= Helsinki |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140118023046/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130901/DEFREG03/309010008/Denmark-Prioritizes-Jobs-New-Fighter-Competition |archive-date= 18 January 2014 |access-date= 5 February 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The Swedish government announced on 21 July 2014 the Gripen's withdrawal from the Danish competition, having chosen not to respond to the invitation to tender.<ref>{{Citation |last= Stevenson |first= Beth |date= 23 July 2014 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-will-not-compete-in-danish-fighter-competition-401903/ |title= Gripen will not compete in Danish fighter competition |work= FlightGlobal |access-date= 26 September 2014 |archive-date= 17 July 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150717113623/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-will-not-compete-in-danish-fighter-competition-401903/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

On 9 June 2016, the Danish defence committee agreed to purchase 27 F-35As to replace its F-16s for US$3 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark F-35 Buy Goes Official|url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/strike/2016/06/09/denmark-f35-buy-official-lockheed-terma-joint-strike-fighter/85640718/|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20170503212756/http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air%2Dspace/strike/2016/06/09/denmark%2Df35%2Dbuy%2Dofficial%2Dlockheed%2Dterma%2Djoint%2Dstrike%2Dfighter/85640718/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 May 2017|website=Defense News|date=9 June 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Lockheed Martin|title=Danish Government OKs $3 Billion Purchase of 27 F-35 Fighter Jets|url=https://www.f35.com/news/detail/danish-government-oks-3-billion-purchase-of-27-f-35-fighter-jets|date=9 June 2016|language=en|archive-date=9 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809001436/https://www.f35.com/news/detail/danish-government-oks-3-billion-purchase-of-27-f-35-fighter-jets|url-status=dead}}</ref> In May 2019, Danish Minister of Defence Claus Hjort Frederiksen stated that Denmark is considering stationing fighters in Greenland to counter Russia's expanding military presence in the Arctic region. Frederiksen said that Greenland's air defense would need at least four fighters, in turn requiring Denmark to make an additional purchase.<ref>{{cite web |title=Denmark, Greenland and the F-35 |url=https://sldinfo.com/2019/05/denmark-greenland-and-the-f-35/ |website=Second Line of Defense |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530084925/https://sldinfo.com/2019/05/denmark-greenland-and-the-f-35/ |archive-date=30 May 2019 |date=30 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=McGwin |first1=Kevin |title=Keeping eye on Russian build-up, Danes ready to send fighter jets to Greenland |url=https://www.arctictoday.com/keeping-eye-on-russian-build-up-danes-ready-to-send-fighter-jets-to-greenland/ |website=Arctic Today |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602230746/https://www.arctictoday.com/keeping-eye-on-russian-build-up-danes-ready-to-send-fighter-jets-to-greenland/ |archive-date=2 June 2019 |date=20 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2020, Lockheed Martin announced that assembly had begun on L-001, the first of 27 F-35As destined for Denmark.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=Lockheed Martin begins build of first F-35 for Denmark |url=https://www.janes.com/article/93953/lockheed-martin-begins-build-of-first-f-35-for-denmark |website=Jane's |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200331235005/https://www.janes.com/article/93953/lockheed-martin-begins-build-of-first-f-35-for-denmark |archive-date=31 March 2020 |location=London |date=28 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
According to DR, the Danish public service broadcaster, the US spied on other contenders, Danish ministries, and the defense industry to gain an advantage in the procurement process.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/hemmelige-rapporter-usa-spionerede-mod-danske-ministerier-og-forsvarsindustri |title=Hemmelige rapporter: USA spionerede mod danske ministerier og forsvarsindustri |date=15 November 2020 |language=da |trans-title=Secret reports: The United States spied on Danish ministries and the defense industry |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201115200713/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/hemmelige-rapporter-usa-spionerede-mod-danske-ministerier-og-forsvarsindustri |archive-date=15 November 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref>

====Finland====
The Gripen's first export bid was to Finland, where it competed against F-16, F/A-18, MiG-29 and Mirage 2000 to replace the Finnish Air Force's J 35 Draken and MiG-21 fleet. In May 1992, McDonnell Douglas F/A-18C/D was announced as a winner on performance and cost grounds.<ref>{{Cite press release |title= Finland selects McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet as Winner in DX competition |place= Saint Louis, MO |quote= The government of Finland has selected the McDonnell Douglas (NYSE: MD) F/A-18 Hornet as the winner in its DX fighter competition. |first= Daryl |last= Stephenson |publisher= McDonnell Aircraft |date= 5 May 1992 |work= The free library |url= http://www.thefreelibrary.com/FINLAND+SELECTS+McDONNELL+DOUGLAS+F%2FA-18+HORNET+AS+WINNER+IN+DX...-a012213095 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170124101015/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/FINLAND+SELECTS+McDONNELL+DOUGLAS+F%2FA-18+HORNET+AS+WINNER+IN+DX...-a012213095 |archive-date=24 January 2017}}</ref> The Finnish Minister of Defence, Elisabeth Rehn, stated that delays in Gripen's development schedule had hurt its chances in the competition.<ref>{{Citation |trans-title= Elisabeth Rehn decides the winner |first= Hasse |last= Vallas |pages= 56–59 |title= Elisabeth Rehn ratkaisee voittajan |journal= Siivet (Nattari) |language= fi |number= 3 |year= 1993 |url= https://siivet.fi/ |publisher= JFI Airshow Oy |place= Jämijärvi |issn= 0783-2990}}</ref>

In June 2015, a working group set up by the Finnish MoD proposed starting a program to replace the Finnish Air Force's F/A-18 Hornet fleet; it recognized five potential types: Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, Lockheed Martin F-35, and Gripen.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/working_group_proposes_multi-role_fighters_to_replace_f_a-18_aircraft.6273.news |title= Working group proposes multi-role fighters to replace F/A-18 aircraft |date= 11 June 2015 |publisher= Ministry of Defence |place= Finland |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150723011604/http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/working_group_proposes_multi-role_fighters_to_replace_f_a-18_aircraft.6273.news |archive-date= 23 July 2015 |url-status= dead}}</ref> In December 2015, the Finnish MoD sent a letter to Britain, France, Sweden and the US, informing them that the HX Fighter Program had launched to buy multi-role fighters by around 2025 and mentioned the Gripen. A Request for Information (RFI) for the program was sent in April 2016,<ref>{{cite web |work= The Finland Times |url= http://www.finlandtimes.fi/national/2016/04/23/26577/Finland-sends-RFI-to-4-countries-for-Hornet-replacement |date= 23 April 2016 |title= Finland sends RFI to 4 countries for Hornet replacement}}</ref> and five responses were received by November 2016; an official request for quotations was sent to all five responders in 2018.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/requests_for_quotation_for_the_hx_programme_will_be_sent_to_all_candidates.8404.news |title=Requests for Quotation for the HX Programme will be sent to all candidates |date= 24 April 2017 |publisher=Ministry of Defence |place=Finland |archive-date=20 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170720233259/http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/requests_for_quotation_for_the_hx_programme_will_be_sent_to_all_candidates.8404.news |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 29 January 2020, the Gripen E prototype 39–10 landed at Tampere–Pirkkala Airport to participate in HX Challenge, the HX Fight Program's flight evaluations. It was later followed by Gripen NG demonstrator 39–7 (sensor testbed), while a [[Engineering:GlobalEye|GlobalEye]] participated in the trials from Linköping in Sweden.<ref>{{cite press release |publisher= Saab |place= SE |url= https://saab.com/gripen/news/stories/2020-01/the-finnish-challenge-accepted/ |title= The Finnish challenge accepted! |date= 31 January 2020 |archive-date= 16 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200216210003/https://saab.com/gripen/news/stories/2020-01/the-finnish-challenge-accepted/ |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Gareth |last=Jennings |place=Tampere-Pirkkala Airbase |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's |url= https://www.janes.com/article/94025/saab-launches-gripen-and-globaleye-evaluations-for-finland |title= Saab launches Gripen and GlobalEye evaluations for Finland |date= 31 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200406145452/https://www.janes.com/article/94025/saab-launches-gripen-and-globaleye-evaluations-for-finland |archive-date=6 April 2020 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Saab announced the successful completion of planned tests to demonstrate both the Gripen and GlobalEye. On 31 January 2020 Saab submitted a revised offer in response to the revised Request for Quotation for the HX programme<ref>{{cite press release |publisher= Saab |place= SE |url= https://saab.com/gripen/news/news/2020-02/gripen-e-and-globaleye-complete-finnish-flight-evaluation/ |title= Gripen E and GlobalEye Complete Finnish Flight Evaluation |date= 6 February 2020 |archive-date= 16 February 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200216210003/https://saab.com/gripen/news/news/2020-02/gripen-e-and-globaleye-complete-finnish-flight-evaluation/ |url-status= dead}}</ref> and follow-on BAFO activity anticipated to continue through April 2021.<ref>{{cite press release |title= The Finnish Defence Forces' Logistics Command received responses concerning the replacement of the Hornet aircraft |date= 22 November 2016 |publisher= Ministry of Defence |url= http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/2016/the_finnish_defence_forces_logistics_command_received_responses_concerning_the_replacement_of_the_hornet_aircraft.8083.news |archive-date= 13 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170313220311/http://www.defmin.fi/en/topical/press_releases/2016/the_finnish_defence_forces_logistics_command_received_responses_concerning_the_replacement_of_the_hornet_aircraft.8083.news |url-status= dead}}</ref> Saab submitted its Best and Final Offer (BAFO) for 64 JAS 39Es, two GlobalEye AEW&C, weapons package, and an option for JAS 39Fs. Over 20% of the proposal price relating to Gripen was for weapons such as Meteor, IRIS-T, KEPD 350, SPEAR, EAJP (Electronic Attack Jammer Pod), and LADM (Lightweight Air-launched Decoy Missile).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/globalassets/markets/finland/saab-hx-media-brief---helsinki-airshow-july-5th-2021.pdf |title= Saab HX Update |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210806084758/https://www.saab.com/globalassets/markets/finland/saab-hx-media-brief---helsinki-airshow-july-5th-2021.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher= Creo |url= https://saab-seminar.creo.se/210430/saab_presents_best_and_final_offer_for_the_hx_program_in_finland |title= Saab Presents Best and Final Offer for the HX Programme in Finland |date= 5 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2021/saab-delivers-its-best-and-final-offer-for-finland |title= Saab Delivers its Best and Final Offer for Finland |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210504162753/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2021/saab-delivers-its-best-and-final-offer-for-finland |archive-date=4 May 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2019/saabs-new-electronic-attack-jammer-pod-in-the-air |title= Saab's New Electronic Attack Jammer Pod in the Air |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201027111648/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2019/saabs-new-electronic-attack-jammer-pod-in-the-air |archive-date=27 October 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2020/august/saabs-gripen-offer-to-finland-includes-a-new-missile-system |title= Saab's Gripen Offer to Finland Includes a New Missile System |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201018010604/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2020/august/saabs-gripen-offer-to-finland-includes-a-new-missile-system |archive-date= 18 October 2020 |url-status= live |access-date= 5 May 2021}}</ref> On 5 December 2021, the Finnish newspaper Iltalehti reported that several sources stated the Finnish Defense Forces recommendation for the F-35 as Finland's next fighter and pointed to its capability and expected long lifespan as key reasons.<ref>{{cite web |first1= Juha |last1= Ristamäki |first2= Lauri |last2= Nurmi |date= 5 December 2021 |work= Iltalehti |url= https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/8dfecfdf-e834-4f67-931d-ad255e54d3f4 |title=IL:n tiedot: Puolustusvoimat esittää yhdysvaltalaista F-35:ttä Suomen uudeksi hävittäjäksi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work= The Drive |url= https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/43392/finland-chooses-f-35-as-its-next-fighter-report |first= Thomas |last= Newdick |date= 6 December 2021 |title= Finland Chooses F-35 as Its Next Fighter: Report}}</ref> On 10 December 2021, the F-35's selection was officially confirmed by the Finnish government.<ref name="finland_f35_confirmation">{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/lockheed-f-35-jet-wins-finnish-fighter-competition-source-2021-12-10/ |title=Finland orders 64 Lockheed F-35 fighter jets for $9.4 bln |date=10 December 2021 |website= Reuters |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref>

====India====
[[File:SAAB Gripen ready for take off at Aero India 2011.jpg|thumb|Saab Gripen at Aero India 2011, Yelahanka Air Force Base, Bangalore|alt=Jet aircraft in the distance preparing to take off from rural airport surrounded by green trees]]

The Gripen was a contender for the Indian MRCA competition for 126 multirole combat aircraft.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.cisionwire.com/saab/r/gripen-not-on-the-shortlist-for-the-indian-mmrca-programme,c566508 |title= Gripen not on the shortlist for the Indian MMRCA programme |publisher= Saab |date= 27 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120328030033/http://www.cisionwire.com/saab/r/gripen-not-on-the-shortlist-for-the-indian-mmrca-programme,c566508 |archive-date= 28 March 2012}}</ref> In April 2008, Gripen International offered the Next Generation Gripen for India's tender<ref name="Gripen_for_India">{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---4/saab-offers-gripen-to-the-indian-air-force/ |title= Saab Offers Gripen to the Indian Air Force |publisher= Saab |date= 28 April 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103211820/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---4/saab-offers-gripen-to-the-indian-air-force/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> and opened an office in New Delhi to support its efforts in the Indian market.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saabgroup.com/en/MediaRelations/News/2009/saab_opens_office_in_india.htm |title=Saab opens office in India |publisher= Saab |date= 28 January 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090206161001/https://www.saabgroup.com/en/MediaRelations/News/2009/saab_opens_office_in_india.htm |archive-date= 6 February 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 4 February 2009, Saab announced that it had partnered with India's Tata Group to develop the Gripen to fit India's needs.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---9/saab-and-tcs-sign-letter-of-intent-in-india/ |title= Saab and TCS sign Letter of Intent in India |publisher= Saab |date= 10 September 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103211826/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---9/saab-and-tcs-sign-letter-of-intent-in-india/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> The {{wipe|Indian Air Force}}&nbsp;(IAF) conducted extensive evaluations of the Gripen's flight performance, logistics capability, weapons systems, advanced sensors and weapons firing.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.free-press-release.com/news-gripen-arrives-for-mmrca-field-trials-1268223979.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121009011255/http://www.free-press-release.com/news-gripen-arrives-for-mmrca-field-trials-1268223979.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 9 October 2012 |title= Gripen Arrives for MMRCA Field Trials |publisher=Free Press Release |date= 10 March 2010}}</ref> In April 2011, the IAF rejected the bid in favour of the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Dassault Rafale.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-28/india/29482063_1_squadrons-swedish-gripen-eurofighter-typhoon |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121105222157/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-28/india/29482063_1_squadrons-swedish-gripen-eurofighter-typhoon |url-status= dead |archive-date= 5 November 2012 |newspaper= The Times of India |title= Europeans ahead in $10bn race for jets |date= 28 April 2011}}</ref> Allegedly, IAF officials, while happy with the Gripen NG's improved capabilities, noted its high reliance on US-supplied hardware, such as electronics, weaponry and the GE&nbsp;F414 engine, as a factor that may hamper exports.<ref>{{Cite news |last= Shukla |first= Ajai |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/air-force-gives-gripen-fighter-a-second-chance-110040300095_1.html |title= Air Force gives Gripen fighter a second chance |work= Business Standard |date= 3 April 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112055519/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/air-force-gives-gripen-fighter-a-second-chance-110040300095_1.html |archive-date= 12 January 2014}}</ref>

In 2015, after the Rafale order was cut back to just 36 aircraft, Saab indicated a willingness to set up joint production of the Gripen in India.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.voanews.com/content/india-looks-to-become-arms-supplier-instead-of-buyer/2724033.html |title=India Looks to Become Arms Supplier Instead of Buyer |last1=Ali |first1= Idrees |date=18 April 2015 |publisher=The Voice of America |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150419221011/http://www.voanews.com/content/india-looks-to-become-arms-supplier-instead-of-buyer/2724033.html |archive-date=19 April 2015 |url-status= dead}}</ref> In October 2016, Saab, among other manufacturers, reportedly received an informal request-for-information query, resuming a new competition for a single-engine fighter to replace the IAF's Soviet-built MiG-21 and MiG-27 fleets; Saab had already submitted an unsolicited bid.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/iaf-kicks-off-contest-to-make-single-engine-fighters-in-india-116100800638_1.html |title=IAF kicks off contest to make single-engine fighters in India |last1=Shukla |first1=Ajai |date= 8 October 2016 |website= Business Standard}}</ref> In November 2017, Saab pledged full Gripen&nbsp;E [[Engineering:Technology transfer|technology transfer]] to India if it is awarded the contract.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eyeing jet deal, Saab offers full tech transfer to India |url= https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/eyeing-jet-deal-saab-offers-full-tech-transfer-to-india/articleshow/61754171.cms |newspaper= The Economic Times|archive-url= https://archive.today/20171123225411/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/eyeing-jet-deal-saab-offers-full-tech-transfer-to-india/articleshow/61754171.cms |archive-date= 23 November 2017|location=New Delhi|date=22 November 2017}}</ref> It is competing with six other types in a fresh tender often referred to as MMRCA 2.0 in the media, for the procurement of 114 multi-role combat aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |title= MMRCA 2 Contenders |work= SPS Aviation |url= http://sps-aviation.com/story/?id=2370&h=MMRCA-20-Contenders}}</ref>

On 23 September 2016, Indian Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar and his French counterpart Jean-Yves Le Drian signed the contract for the purchase of 36 off-the-shelf Rafales in a deal worth €7.8 billion with an option for 18 more at the same inflation-adjusted price.<ref name=Janes_India_finally_signs>{{Cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/64054/india-finally-signs-deal-with-france-for-36-rafale-fighters |title=India finally signs deal with France for 36 Rafale fighters |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date=23 September 2016 |access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> The deliveries were to begin in 2019 and complete by 2022.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37448631|title=India and France sign Rafale fighter jet deal|work=BBC News|date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> The deal includes weapons and spares; the aircraft will be equipped with Meteor missiles.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-france-conclude-rafale-deal/article9140011.ece|title=India, France conclude Rafale deal|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=23 September 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-signs-rs-58-000-crore-deal-for-36-rafale-fighter-jets-with-france-1465495|title=Rafale Deal For 36 Fighter Jets Finally Sealed After Long Wait: 10 Facts|publisher=NDTV|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> The first Rafale was handed over to the Indian Air Force in October 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhalla |first1=Abhishek |title=Rajnath Singh inducts first Rafale in IAF, says squadron will be ready to be deal with Pak by Feb 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/defence-minister-rajnath-singh-rafale-iaf-squadron-france-1607335-2019-10-08 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The first batch of 5 fighters arrived in India on 29 July 2020. As of January 2021, a total of 11 fighters have arrived in India from France.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/three-more-rafale-jets-arrive-in-india-from-france/articleshow/80499717.cms?from=mdr|title= Three more Rafale jets arrive in India from France|newspaper= The Economic Times}}</ref>

====Indonesia====
In July 2016, Saab Indonesia confirmed having submitted a proposal earlier in the year in response to an {{wipe|Indonesian Air Force}} requirement. The proposal included the initial acquisition of 16 Gripen&nbsp;C/D for US$1.5&nbsp;billion, to replace Northrop F-5E Tiger II in service with the Indonesian Air Force since the 1980s. Saab have expressed the intention for the bid to "100%" comply with Indonesia's Defence Industry Law 2012 (or, Law Number 16),<ref>{{Citation |title= Indonesia emerging defence economy |date= Jul 2014 |publisher= RSIA |place= [[Place:Singapore|SG]] |url= https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/PR130813_Indonesia_Emerging_Defence_Economy.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/PR130813_Indonesia_Emerging_Defence_Economy.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> which requires foreign contractors to work with local industry, collaborating on production and sharing technology. They also indicated that the bid could replace the C/D versions with the E-version, if Indonesia were willing to accept longer delivery times. Competing aircraft for the requirement include the F-16V, [[Engineering:Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]], [[Engineering:Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale]] and Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Grevatt |first1=Jon |title=Saab bids in Indonesian fighter contest with Gripen |magazine=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |volume=53 |issue=30 |date=27 July 2016 |page=11}}</ref> As of 2023, the Indonesian Air Force has purchased 42 Rafales<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/indonesia-orders-42-rafale-jets-french-defence-minister-says-2022-02-10/ |title=France seals $8.1 billion deal with Indonesia to sell 42 Rafale jets |newspaper=Reuters |date=10 February 2022 |last1=Hummel |first1=Tassilo |last2=Widianto |first2=Stanley |last3=Hummel |first3=Tassilo |last4=Widianto |first4=Stanley}}</ref> and 12 Mirage 2000s from Qatar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Defense/Indonesia-buys-12-Mirage-fighter-jets-used-by-Qatar-for-792m |title=Indonesia buys 12 Mirage fighter jets used by Qatar for $792m}}</ref>

====Netherlands====
In July 2008, the Netherlands announced it would evaluate Gripen NG together with four other competitors;<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://di.se/Avdelningar/Artikel.aspx?ArticleID=2008\07\07\291404&sectionid=Ettan |title= Holland utvärderar Gripen |trans-title= Holland evaluates Gripen |language=sv|newspaper= Dagens Industri |date= 7 July 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090111173030/http://di.se/Avdelningar/Artikel.aspx?ArticleID=2008%5C07%5C07%5C291404&sectionid=Ettan |archive-date= 11 January 2009}}</ref> in response, Saab offered 85 aircraft to the {{wipe|Royal Netherlands Air Force}} in August 2008.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---8/the-netherlands-shows-interest-in-gripen/ |title= The Netherlands shows interest in Gripen |publisher= Saab |date= 25 August 2008 |access-date=3 November 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092716/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---8/the-netherlands-shows-interest-in-gripen/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> On 18 December 2008, it was reported that the Netherlands had evaluated the F-35 as having a better performance-price relation than the Gripen NG.<ref>{{cite web |last= Trimble |first= Stephen |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dutch-military-report-ranks-f-35-superior-to-rivals-320318/ |title= Dutch military report ranks F-35 superior to rivals |work=FlightGlobal |date= 19 December 2008 |access-date= 17 December 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233716/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dutch-military-report-ranks-f-35-superior-to-rivals-320318/ |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.nos.nl/nosjournaal/artikelen/2008/12/18/devriesjsfisbeterdangripen.html |title= De Vries: JSF is beter dan Gripen |trans-title= De Vries: JSF is better than Gripen |language=nl |newspaper= Nederlandse Omroep Stichting |date= 18 December 2008 |access-date= 22 January 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090122175737/http://nos.nl/nosjournaal/artikelen/2008/12/18/devriesjsfisbeterdangripen.html |archive-date=22 January 2009}}</ref> On 13 January 2009, ''NRC Handelsblad'' claimed that, according to Swedish sources, Saab had offered to deliver 85 Gripens for €4.8&nbsp;billion to the Dutch Air Force, about 1&nbsp;billion euro cheaper than budgeted for the F-35.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://vorige.nrc.nl/economie/article2151770.ece/Saab_verrast_met_prijs_opvolger_F-16 |title= Saab verrast met prijs opvolger F-16 |trans-title= Saab surprises with price for F-16 successor |language=nl |newspaper= NRC Handelsblad |date= 13 January 2009 |access-date= 12 January 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104145141/http://vorige.nrc.nl/economie/article2151770.ece/Saab_verrast_met_prijs_opvolger_F-16 |archive-date= 4 November 2013}}</ref>

====Norway====
On 18 January 2008, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence issued a Request for Binding Information (RBI) to the Swedish Defence Material Administration,<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---1/both-switzerland-and-norway-shows-interest-in-gripen/ |title= Both Switzerland and Norway Shows Interest in Gripen |publisher= Saab |date= 18 January 2008 |access-date= 3 November 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103091917/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---1/both-switzerland-and-norway-shows-interest-in-gripen/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref> who issued an offer for 48 Gripens in April 2008.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---4/gripen-proposal-to-norway-delivered/ |title= Gripen proposal to Norway delivered |publisher= Saab |date= 28 April 2008 |access-date= 3 November 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092148/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---4/gripen-proposal-to-norway-delivered/ |archive-date= 3 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A6d0f2cc5-b8b8-4b45-ae5d-bf5da47e8cb5&plc |title= WikiLeaks, Weaklings and Weasel |work= Aviation Week |date= 3 December 2010 |access-date=4 January 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110806145000/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A6d0f2cc5-b8b8-4b45-ae5d-bf5da47e8cb5&plc |archive-date= 6 August 2011}}</ref> On 20 November 2008, the selection of the F-35 Lightning II for the {{wipe|Royal Norwegian Air Force}} was announced, stating that it was the only candidate to meet all operational requirements;<ref>{{Cite press release |language=no |url= http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumentarkiv/stoltenberg-ii/smk/Nyheter-og-pressemeldinger/pressemeldinger/2008/gar-inn-for-joint-strike-fighter.html |title= Går inn for Joint Strike Fighter |trans-title= Going in for Joint Strike Fighter |place= {{wipe|Norway}} |publisher= Prime Minister's Office |date= 20 November 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140105194020/http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dokumentarkiv/stoltenberg-ii/smk/Nyheter-og-pressemeldinger/pressemeldinger/2008/gar-inn-for-joint-strike-fighter.html?id=537010 |archive-date= 5 January 2014}}</ref> media reports claimed the requirements were tilted in the F-35's favour.<ref>{{Cite news |last1= Acher |first1= John |first2= Richard |last2= Solem |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/norway-eurofighter-competition-idUSL2123657220071221 |title= Eurofighter suspends Norway, Denmark sale efforts |work= Reuters |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=9 June 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131104013555/https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/12/21/norway-eurofighter-competition-idUSL2123657220071221 |archive-date= 4 November 2013}}</ref> Saab and Sweden's defence minister Sten Tolgfors stated that Norway's cost calculations were flawed;<ref name="Norway calculations">{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-launches-attack-on-norway39s-39faulty39-fighter-319967/ |title= Saab launches attack on Norway's 'faulty' fighter analysis |work=FlightGlobal |date= 10 December 2008 |access-date=12 January 2014 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112034652/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/saab-launches-attack-on-norway39s-39faulty39-fighter-319967/ |archive-date= 12 January 2014}}</ref> the offer being for 48 Gripens over 20 years, but Norway had extrapolated it to operating 57 aircraft over 30 years, thus doubling the cost; cost projections also failed to relate to the Gripen's operational costs. Norway also calculated greater attrition losses than what Sweden considered reasonable. According to Tolgfors, Norway's decision complicated further export deals.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=22620&a=1439630 |title= Norge räknade fel i Gripenaffär |place= SE |trans-title= Norway miscalculated in Gripen deal |language=sv|publisher= SVT |date= 10 February 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110612114659/http://svt.se/svt/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=22620&a=1439630 |archive-date= 12 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://mobil.e24.no/utenriks/article2876712.ece |title= Gripen passer ikke for Norge |trans-title= Gripen does not suit Norway |language=no |place= {{wipe|Norway}} |newspaper= E24 |date= 20 February 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110822081206/http://mobil.e24.no/utenriks/article2876712.ece |archive-date= 22 August 2011 |access-date= 27 July 2009}}</ref> In December 2010, leaked United States diplomatic cables revealed that the United States deliberately delayed Sweden's request for access to an AESA radar until after Norway's selection, and that Norway's consideration of the Gripen "was just a show" and that Norway had purchased the F-35 due to "high-level political pressure" from the US.<ref name="Norway gripen local">{{Cite news |url= http://www.thelocal.se/20101203/30584 |title= Sweden 'tricked' in failed Norway Gripen bid |newspaper= The Local |place= SE |date= 3 December 2010 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217012709/http://www.thelocal.se/20101203/30584 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref>

====Poland====
The Gripen C/D was a contender for 48 multirole fighters for the {{wipe|Polish Air Force}} started in 2001. On 27 December 2002, the Polish Defence Minister announced the F-16C/D Block 50/52+'s selection.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.wp.mil.pl/pl/strona/170/PG_154_177 |place= {{wipe|Poland}} |title= Polish F-16 cz I |trans-title= Polski F-16 part I |language=pl |publisher= Ministertwo Obrony Narodowej |access-date= 28 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120901170045/http://www.wp.mil.pl/pl/strona/170/PG_154_177 |archive-date= 1 September 2012}}</ref> According to Stephen Larrabee, the selection was heavily influenced by [[Company:Lockheed Martin|Lockheed Martin]]'s lucrative offset agreement (totaling $3.5 billion and 170% offset against Gripen International's €3.2 billion with 146% offset) and by a political emphasis on Poland's strategic relationship with the US and NATO.{{Sfn|Larrabee|2003|p= 25}} Both Gripen International and Dassault Aviation (who offered the Mirage 2000-5 Mk 2) described the decision as political.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Nadlecial-F-16-przetarg-stulecia-rozstrzygniety-584221.html |title= Dlaczego kupiliśmy F-16, choć Gripen dawał lepszy offset? |language=pl |trans-title= Why we bought the F-16, although the Gripen gave better offset? |newspaper= Bankier |date= 12 April 2009 |access-date= 12 February 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217035150/http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Nadlecial-F-16-przetarg-stulecia-rozstrzygniety-584221.html |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> According to a former Polish military defence vice-minister, the JAS 39 offer was better and included research participation proposals.<ref>{{cite web |last= Chadzynzki |first= Marek |place= {{wipe|Poland}} |format= video |url= http://konflikty.wp.pl/kat,115354,title,Dlaczego-kupilismy-F-16-choc-Gripen-dawal-lepszy-offset,wid,11747392,wiadomosc_wideo.html |title= Dlaczego kupiliśmy F-16, choć Gripen dawał lepszy offset? |language=pl |trans-title= Why we bought the F-16, although the Gripen gave better offset? |newspaper= Konflikty |publisher= WP |access-date= 12 February 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140112115652/http://konflikty.wp.pl/kat,115354,title,Dlaczego-kupilismy-F-16-choc-Gripen-dawal-lepszy-offset,wid,11747392,wiadomosc_wideo.html |archive-date= 12 January 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, Poland planned to purchase 64 multirole combat aircraft from 2021 as part of its modernisation plans to replace the ageing fleet of Sukhoi Su-22M4 'Fitter-K' ground attack aircraft and [[Engineering:Mikoyan MiG-29|Mikoyan MiG-29]] 'Fulcrum' fighters.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.janes.com/article/34592/poland-to-buy-64-fifth-generation-fighters |first= Remigiusz |last= Wilk |place= Warsaw |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date= 24 February 2014 |title= Poland to buy 64 fifth-generation fighters |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140429080148/http://www.janes.com/article/34592/poland-to-buy-64-fifth-generation-fighters |archive-date= 29 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=pl |trans-title= Boeing interested in the Polish market. F-18 instead of F-35 |url= http://www.defence24.pl/news_boeing-zainteresowany-polskim-rynkiem-f-18-zamiast-f-35 |title= Boeing zainteresowany polskim rynkiem. F-18 zamiast F-35 |work= Defence 24 |date= 24 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141114120923/http://www.defence24.pl/news_boeing-zainteresowany-polskim-rynkiem-f-18-zamiast-f-35 |archive-date= 14 November 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref> On 23 November 2017, the Armament Inspectorate announced the acquisition process's start.<ref>{{cite web |last= Siminski |date= 27 November 2017 |url= https://theaviationist.com/2017/11/27/poland-launches-harpia-programme-to-procure-a-new-multirole-combat-aircraft |title=Poland launches program Harpia to procure new multirole combat aircraft |first= Jacek |work= The Aviationist}}</ref> By 22 December 2017, five entities had expressed interest in the procurement, referred to as ''Harpia'' (harpy eagle), including Saab AB with Gripen NG, Lockheed Martin with F-35, Boeing with F/A-18, Leonardo with Eurofighter Typhoon and Fights-On Logistics with second hand F-16s.<ref>{{cite web |last= Siminski |date= 27 November 2017 |url= https://theaviationist.com/?p=48517 |title= Five companies interested in Polands next generation fighter program Harpia |first= Jacek |work= The Aviationist}}</ref> In May 2019, the Polish Defense Ministry formally requested to buy 32 F-35A for $4 billion with delivery from 2023 to 2026 with an option for 32 more from 2027.<ref>{{cite web |last=Adamowski |first=Jaroslaw |date=29 May 2019 |url= https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/05/29/poland-sends-formal-request-to-buy-f-35s/ |title= Poland sends formal request to buy F-35s |work=Defense News |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210117104142/https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/05/29/poland-sends-formal-request-to-buy-f-35s/ |archive-date=17 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Slovakia====
On 30 August 2014, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Sweden signed a letter of intent agreeing to co-operate on using the Gripen, which might lead to its acquisition by the Slovak Air Force. The letter of intent laid the foundation for bilateral co-operation around a common airspace surveillance of Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia sought to replace its MiG-29 fighters and the Gripen has been reported as the aircraft of choice, although the requirement would go to open competition. They may seek to lease fighters rather than buy, as did neighbouring Hungary and the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Citation |last= Stevenson |first= Elisabeth |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/slovakia-creeps-closer-to-gripen-agreement-403222/ |title= Slovakia creeps closer to Gripen agreement |work= Flight Global |date= 2 September 2014 |place= London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004110232/https://www.flightglobal.com/slovakia-creeps-closer-to-gripen-agreement/114342.article |archive-date= 4 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2018, the Slovak Ministry of Defence announced the launch of a new study to examine bids from the US and Swedish governments for the F-16V Viper and the Gripen to replace Slovakian MiG-29s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kominek |first=Jiri |title=Slovakia launches new fighter procurement study |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |url= http://www.janes.com/article/77711/slovakia-launches-new-fighter-procurement-study |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180207215401/http://www.janes.com/article/77711/slovakia-launches-new-fighter-procurement-study |archive-date= 7 February 2018 |location= Prague |date= 7 February 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref> On 11 July 2018, the Slovakian Defense ministry announced that it will purchase 14 F-16V Block 70/72s instead of Gripen Cs.<ref>{{cite web |last= Metha |first=Aaron |date=11 July 2018 |title=Slovakia selects F-16 over Gripen for new fighters |work= Defense News |url= https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/riat/2018/07/11/slovakia-selects-f-16-over-gripen-for-new-fighter |archive-url= https://archive.today/20180711135632/https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/riat/2018/07/11/slovakia-selects-f-16-over-gripen-for-new-fighter/ |archive-date=11 July 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=11 July 2018}}</ref> The F-16V package includes ammunition, training and logistics for a total of €1.589 billion (US$1.85 billion).  Political opposition, among them former Defence Minister Ľubomír Galko, expressed criticism that the deal lacked transparency.<ref>{{Cite news |url= https://spectator.sme.sk/c/20868687/cabinet-approved-purchase-of-14-us-f-16s.html |title= Cabinet approved purchase of 14 US F-16s |via= Petit Press |work= Spectator |place= SK |access-date= 13 July 2018}}</ref> On 12 December 2018, Slovakia signed a contract to acquire 14 F-16 Block 70/72. All are to be delivered by the end of 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/493599-obrana-podpisala-zmluvy-na-stihacky-za-1-59-miliardy-eur/ |title=Obrana podpísala zmluvy na stíhačky za 1,59 miliardy eur|date= 30 November 2018 |website= Pravda.sk}}</ref>

====Switzerland====
In January 2008, the Swiss Defence Material Administration invited Gripen International to bid to replace the nation's F-5 fleet.<ref>{{cite web |last= O'Dwyer |first= Gerald |url= http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3329309&c=EUR&s=AIR |title= Gripen Invited to Tender for Swiss Contract |work= Defense News |publisher= Gannett |location= Springfield, VA |date= 24 January 2008 |issn= 0884-139X}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Saab responded with an initial proposal on 2 July 2008;<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tran |first=Pierre |title=Saab's Gripen Flies Out for Swiss Trials |work= Defense News |publisher= Gannett |location= Springfield, VA |date= 14 July 2008 |issn= 0884-139X}}</ref> other contenders were the Dassault Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Wall |first= Robert |title= Updated Swiss Fighter Bids Are In |journal= Aviation Week |publisher= Penton Media |location= New York |date= 11 November 2009 |issn= 0005-2175}}</ref> On 30 November 2011, the Swiss government announced its decision to buy 22 Gripen NG aircraft for 3.1 billion Swiss francs.<ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= Switzerland buys 22 JAS Gripen |url= http://svt.se/2.22620/1.2623592/schweiz_22_jas_gripen |title= Schweiz köper 22 Jas Gripen |place= SE |language=sv|publisher= Sveriges Television |date= 30 November 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111201231852/http://svt.se/2.22620/1.2623592/schweiz_22_jas_gripen |archive-date= 1 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Sweden to buy 40–60 next generation Saab Gripen jets |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/sweden-defense-idUSL6E8JP1XO20120825 |work= Reuters |date= 25 August 2012 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217014347/https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/25/sweden-defense-idUSL6E8JP1XO20120825 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> In 2012, a confidential report of the {{wipe|Swiss Air Force}}'s 2009 tests of the three contenders was leaked, which had rated the Gripen as performing substantially below both the Rafale and the Eurofighter. The Gripen was assessed as satisfactory for reconnaissance but unsatisfactory for combat air patrol and strike missions.<ref>{{cite web |last= Oppliger |first= C, Lt Col GS |url= http://files.newsnetz.ch/upload//1/2/12332.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://files.newsnetz.ch/upload//1/2/12332.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |title= SAF/OT&E Flight Test Effectiveness Report NFA Evaluation 2008/2009 |place= Switzerland |publisher= SAF |website= Newsnetz |date= November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Plattner |first=Titus |date=12 February 2012 |url= http://www.lematin.ch/suisse/standard/Ce-quUeli-Maurer-a-cache/story/13757863 |title= Ce qu'Ueli Maurer a caché |language=fr |trans-title= What Ueli Maurer hid |work= Le Matin |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217021208/http://www.lematin.ch/suisse/standard/Ce-quUeli-Maurer-a-cache/story/13757863 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> The JAS 39C/D was evaluated, while the Gripen NG was bid.<ref>{{cite web |title= Switzerland Puts Gripen To The Test |date= 14 August 2008 |work= Space War |url= http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Switzerland_Puts_Gripen_To_The_Test_999.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20120911140604/http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Switzerland_Puts_Gripen_To_The_Test_999.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 11 September 2012}}</ref> The parliamentary security commission found that the Gripen offered the most risks, but voted to go ahead as it was the cheapest option.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120821/DEFREG01/308210006/Swiss-Fighter-Jet-Purchase-Go-Ahead-Despite-Criticism |title= Swiss Fighter Jet Purchase to Go Ahead Despite Criticism |work= Defense News |agency= Agency France-Presse |date= 21 August 2012 |publisher= Gannett |location= Springfield, VA |issn= 0884-139X |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130121105458/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120821/DEFREG01/308210006/Swiss-Fighter-Jet-Purchase-Go-Ahead-Despite-Criticism |archive-date= 21 January 2013 |access-date= 22 August 2012 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The Gripen was rated satisfactory for operational suitability and overall was rated satisfactory.<ref>{{cite web |title= Final verdict Swiss Eval 2012 |via= Twitter |work= Gripen news |url= https://twitter.com/GripenNews/status/464685031320190976 |place= Switzerland |date= February 2012}}</ref>

On 25 August 2012, the plan to order was confirmed by both Swedish and Swiss authorities.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.svd.se/naringsliv/branscher/industri-och-fordon/schweiz-vidare-med-gripen-affar_7439194.svd |title= Schweiz vidare med Gripen-affär |trans-title= Switzerland moves forward with Gripen deal |newspaper= Svenska Dagbladet |language= sv |place= SE |date= 25 August 2012}}</ref> Deliveries were expected to run from 2018 to 2021 at a fixed price of CHF 3.126 billion (US$3.27 billion) including development costs, mission planning systems, initial spares and support, training, and certification; the Swedish government also guaranteed the price, performance and operational suitability. Eight JAS 39Cs and three JAS 39Ds were to be leased from 2016 to 2020 to train Swiss pilots and allow the F-5s to be retired.<ref>{{Cite news |place= SE |url= http://www.thelocal.se/20120629/41738 |title= Sweden to lend Gripen fighters to Switzerland |agency= AFP |newspaper= The Local |date= 29 June 2012 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217013035/http://www.thelocal.se/20120629/41738 |archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/saab-gripen-schweiz-1.13468133 |title= Die Schweiz entscheidet sich für einen Schweden |language=de |newspaper= Neue Zürcher Zeitung |date= 30 November 2011 |trans-title= Switzerland decides for Sweden |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217074608/http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/saab-gripen-schweiz-1.13468133 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> In 2013, Saab moved to increase Swiss industry offsets above 100% of the deal value after the Swiss parliament's upper house voted down the deal's financing.<ref>{{Cite news |place= Stockholm |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/switzerland-fighters-idUSL5N0CP1O120130402 |title= Saab pledges Swiss production as eyes fighter jet deal |work= Reuters |date= 2 April 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217033843/https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/02/switzerland-fighters-idUSL5N0CP1O120130402 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> On 27 August 2013, the National Council's Security Commission approved the purchase,<ref>{{Cite news |place= Switzerland |url= http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Nationalratskommission-sagt-Ja-zum-Gripen/story/28048830 |title= Nationalratskommission sagt Ja zum Gripen |work= Tages-Anzeiger |language=de |trans-title= National Commission says yes to the Gripen |date= 27 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217011323/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/schweiz/standard/Nationalratskommission-sagt-Ja-zum-Gripen/story/28048830 |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref> followed by the lower and upper houses of the parliament's approval in September 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/session/der-gripen-gewinnt-an-flughoehe |title= Der Gripen gewinnt an Flughöh |language=de |trans-title= The Gripen gains flight altitude |place= Switzerland |publisher= Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen |date= 11 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217012748/http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/session/der-gripen-gewinnt-an-flughoehe |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= The national Council agrees to liberate 3 billions for the Gripen |url= http://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/5202528-le-conseil-national-accepte-de-liberer-3-milliards-pour-le-gripen.html |language=fr |title= Le Conseil national accepte de libérer 3 milliards pour le Gripen |publisher= RTS Info |place= Switzerland |date= 11 September 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140106015411/http://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/5202528-le-conseil-national-accepte-de-liberer-3-milliards-pour-le-gripen.html |archive-date= 6 January 2014}}</ref> Elements of the left and center of the political spectrum often criticized the Gripen as unnecessary and too expensive. On 18 May 2014, 53.4% of Swiss voters voted against the plan in a national [[Social:Referendum|referendum]].<ref>{{Cite news |trans-title= Swiss Voters: The people does not want the Gripen |language=de |url= http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/paedophilie-initiative-wird-angenommen-1.18304700 |title= Eidgenössische Abstimmungen: Das Volk will den Gripen nicht |date= 18 May 2014 |work= NZZ |place= Switzerland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/81c5eae6-25ff-11e3-8ef6-00144feab7de.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/81c5eae6-25ff-11e3-8ef6-00144feab7de.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |last= Hoyos |first= Carola |title= Saab chief says low price tag makes Gripen jets stand out from rivals |date= 29 September 2013 |newspaper= The Financial Times}}</ref> Reportedly, objectors questioned the role of fighter aircraft in general, and the relevance of alternatives such as UAVs, [[Engineering:Surface-to-air missile|surface-to-air missile]]s, or [[Cyberwarfare|cyberwarfare]] capabilities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 May 2014 |work= SRF |place=Switzerland |language=de |url= http://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/abstimmungen/abstimmungen/gripen/gripen-nein-so-reagiert-die-presse |title= Gripen-Nein: So reagiert die Presse |trans-title= Gripen No: How the press reacted}}</ref>

In 2015, Switzerland was set to relaunch the F-5E/F, and now also F/A-18C/D, replacement programme;<ref>{{Citation |language=de |url= http://www.vbs.admin.ch/de/verteidigung/sicherung-luftraum/nkf.html |title= Neues Kampfflugzeug |trans-title= New fighter aircraft |place= Switzerland |publisher= VBS |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170204235535/http://www.vbs.admin.ch/de/verteidigung/sicherung-luftraum/nkf.html |archive-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=20 April 2015 |title= Switzerland to relaunch F-5 replacement effort in 2017 |url=http://www.janes.com/article/50817/switzerland-to-relaunch-f-5-replacement-effort-in-2017 |via=IHS Jane's 360 |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160322025259/http://www.janes.com/article/50817/switzerland-to-relaunch-f-5-replacement-effort-in-2017 |archive-date=22 March 2016}}</ref> the Gripen was again considered the favourite.<ref>{{Citation |first= Laurent |last= Lagneau |url= http://www.opex360.com/2015/04/21/la-suisse-relancera-processus-dacquisition-davions-de-combat-en-2017/ |date= 21 April 2015 |language=fr |publisher= Zone Militaire |title= La Suisse relancera le processus d'acquisition d'avions de combat en 2017 |newspaper= Opex 360 |trans-title= Switzerland will relaunch combat aircraft acquisition process in 2017 |quote= S'agissant de la nouvelle procédure d'achat qui devrait donc être lancée en 2017, le Gripen E/F est à nouveau favori. D'ailleurs, c'est le premier appareil qui est venu à l'esprit de M. Maurer quand il lui a été demandé à quels types d'avions il pensait. [In the new acquisition process that should be then launched in 2017, the Gripen E/F is again favourite. Anyway, it is the first model in M. Maurer's {the Swiss Minister of defense} mind when asked which types he considered.]}}</ref> In March 2018, Swiss officials named contenders in its {{US$|8 billion}} Air 2030 programme that includes not only combat aircraft but also ground-based air defense systems: The Gripen, Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon, Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Lockheed Martin F-35.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sprenger |first1=Sebastian |title=Switzerland names contenders in $8 billion 'Air 2030' program |website=Defense News |url= https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/27/switzerland-names-contenders-in-8-billion-air-2030-program/ |archive-url= https://archive.today/20180328061739/https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/27/switzerland-names-contenders-in-8-billion-air-2030-program/ |archive-date= 28 March 2018 |location= Cologne, {{wipe|Germany}} |date=27 March 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= No more than CHF 8 billion for new fighter jets |url= https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/defence-strategy_no-more-than-chf8-billion-for-new-fighter-jets/43660584 |website=Swiss Info|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171109083224/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/defence-strategy_no-more-than-chf8-billion-for-new-fighter-jets/43660584 |archive-date= 9 November 2017 |date= 8 November 2017|url-status= live}}</ref> In January 2019, Saab submitted a formal proposal for 30 to 40 Gripen Es to Armasuisse.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first= Gareth |date=28 January 2019 |title=Saab launches latest effort to secure Swiss fighter order |work= Jane's Defence Weekly |location= London |via= Jane's 360 |url= https://www.janes.com/article/85991/saab-launches-latest-effort-to-secure-swiss-fighter-order |access-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190128175643/https://www.janes.com/article/85991/saab-launches-latest-effort-to-secure-swiss-fighter-order |archive-date= 28 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was due to perform evaluation flights for Swiss personnel at Payerne Air Base in June 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1= Sprenger |first1= Sebastian |title= The F-35 and other warplanes descend on Switzerland this spring |url= https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/04/11/the-f-35-and-other-warplanes-descend-on-switzerland-this-spring/ |website= Defense News |archive-url= https://archive.today/20190411234148/https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/04/11/the-f-35-and-other-warplanes-descend-on-switzerland-this-spring/ |archive-date=11 April 2019 |location=Cologne, DE |date=11 April 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref> However, in June 2019, Saab did not participate at Payerne with the Gripen E because it was not considered ready to perform all tests.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=13 June 2019 |title=Saab pulls Gripen E from Swiss flight evaluations |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |url= https://www.janes.com/article/89220/saab-pulls-gripen-e-from-swiss-flight-evaluations |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190613105518/https://www.janes.com/article/89220/saab-pulls-gripen-e-from-swiss-flight-evaluations |archive-date=13 June 2019 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.20min.ch/story/schweiz-verzichtet-definitiv-auf-gripen-104092497643|title=Schweiz verzichtet definitiv auf Gripen|date=13 June 2019|website=20 Minuten}}</ref>

====Others====
Sweden withdrew from the Belgian F-16 replacement competition due to foreign policy incompatibility.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/air/2017/07/10/sweden-pulls-out-of-belgian-fighter-battle/|title=Sweden pulls out of Belgian fighter battle|first=Valerie|last=Insinna|date=10 July 2017|website=Defensenews.com}}</ref>

Oman ended up procuring the Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref>{{Cite magazine |magazine=Flight International |date=26 March – 1 April 1997 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1997/1997%20-%200778.html |title=BAe offers Gripen to Oman to replace Jaguar |access-date=19 January 2014 |via=Flightglobal/Archive |location=London, UK |publisher=Reed Business Information |issue=4567 |volume=151 |page= 10 |issn=0015-3710 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131216043826/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1997/1997%20-%200778.html |archive-date=16 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date= 4 January 2014 |first1= Andrew |last1= Chuter |first2= Aaron |last2= Mehta |first3= Pierre |last3= Tran |title= Trouble for the twin engine giants? |work= Defense News |url= http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140104/DEFREG/301040008/Trouble-Twin-Engine-Giants- |quote= Last summer saw the successful conclusion of a deal with Oman for 12 Typhoons. |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141022153544/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140104/DEFREG/301040008/Trouble-Twin-Engine-Giants- |archive-date= 22 October 2014 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Pakistan was interested in the Gripen C/D, but it was denied by Sweden in 2004.<ref>{{Citation |title= Sweden won't sell Gripen jets to Pakistan |work= Defense ærospace |url= http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/41949/sweden-won%E2%80%99t-sell-gripen-jets-to-pakistan-(july-8).html |access-date= 3 September 2021 |archive-date= 4 March 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220304213419/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/41949/sweden-won%E2%80%99t-sell-gripen-jets-to-pakistan-(july-8).html |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Romania decided to acquire used F-16s instead.<ref>{{Citation |title= Nothing but Netz: Used F-16s for Romania |newspaper= Defense Industry Daily |date= 11 November 2003 |url= http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/nothing-but-netz-will-romanias-new-fighters-come-from-israel-01499/ |quote= …the F-16 was always the most probable choice, barring a really excellent deal from Saab. After canvassing the Israelis, the Dutch, and even the Americans for offers, Romania finally settled on F-16s from Portugal in September 2012.}}</ref>

The Gripen was one of the aircraft evaluated by the Chilean Air Force in 1999. Chile finally selected the F-16 over the Gripen, Boeing F/A-18, and Dassault Mirage 2000–5.<ref>{{Citation |url= https://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/3996/chile-selects-f_16-as-new-fighter-%28dec.-28%29.html |website= Defense-aerospace |title= Chile Announces Selection of Lockheed Martin F-16 for Its New Combat Aircraft Program |date= 27 December 2000 |access-date= 28 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200128140620/https://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/release/3996/chile-selects-f_16-as-new-fighter-(dec.-28).html |archive-date= 28 January 2020 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

There were plans to begin [[Social:Licensed production|licensed production]] of the Gripen in Lviv, {{wipe|Ukraine}}. However, these plans have stalled since 2014.<ref name="Ukraine's Air Force rebuilds amid war">{{citation|title= Ukraine's Air Force rebuilds amid war |url= https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/ukraines-air-force-rebuilds-amid-war.html |work= Kyiv Post|date= 15 March 2019 |access-date= 22 February 2020}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:2006JASGripen3JM.jpg|thumb|JAS 39 Gripen taxiing in after display, Farnborough 2006|alt=Jet aircraft taxiing against a background of a shed and green trees]]

* '''Gripen A, or JAS 39A''': initial single seat version that entered service with the {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} in 1996. A number have been upgraded to the C standard or been converted to 39D at a 2:1 ratio.<ref name=e24>{{Cite news |url= http://www.e24.se/business/verkstadsindustri/klart-for-nya-super-gripen_38201.e24 |title= Klart för nya Super-Gripen |place= Sweden |trans-title= Ready for the new Super-Gripen |language=sv|newspaper= E24 |date= 17 April 2007 |access-date= 9 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110929224535/http://www.e24.se/business/verkstadsindustri/klart-for-nya-super-gripen_38201.e24 |archive-date= 29 September 2011}}</ref>
* '''Gripen B, or JAS 39B''': two-seat version of the 39A for training, specialised missions and type conversion.<ref>{{Citation |title= Gripen Multi role fighter |year= 2014 |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1054 |publisher= Saab |access-date= 17 February 2014 |quote= A two-seat version of the Gripen, which retains the full operational capability of the single-seater, is also available for tactical weapons training, more specialised missions and type conversion. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140223023641/http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1054 |archive-date= 23 February 2014}}</ref> To fit the second crew member and life support systems, the internal cannon and an internal fuel tank were removed and the airframe lengthened 0.66&nbsp;m (2&nbsp;ft 2&nbsp;in).{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}}
* '''Gripen C, or JAS 39C''': NATO-compatible single seat version with extended capabilities in terms of armament, electronics, etc. Can be refuelled in flight.<ref>{{harvnb|Eliasson|2010|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=ISgwc1BGN40C&pg=PA256 256]}}: '…this involved modifying the JAS 39 Gripen aircraft to NATO standards and for in‐flight refuelling.'</ref> Variant was first deliveried on 6 September 2002.<ref name="Milestones"/>
[[File:Royal Thai Air Force Jas-39 D.jpg|thumb|Royal Thai Air Force JAS 39D, 2016]]
* '''Gripen D, or JAS 39D''': two-seat version of the JAS 39C, with similar alterations as the JAS 39B.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|p= 256}}
* '''Gripen NG''': Follow-on the ''Gripen Demo'' technology demonstrator.<ref name=gripen_demo /> Changes from the JAS 39C include the more powerful F414G engine, Raven ES-05 AESA radar, increased fuel capacity and payload, and two additional hardpoints.<ref name=FI_Saab_reveals_Demo /><ref name=NG_capabilities/> These improvements reportedly increased costs to an estimated 24,000 Swiss Francs (US$27,000) per hour,<ref>{{Citation |first= Beni |last= Gafner |date= 26 September 2012 |newspaper= Berner zeitung |trans-title= Switzerland gets converted occasion Gripens |url= http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/standard/Die-Schweiz-erhaelt-umgebaute-OccasionsGripen/story/18471087 |language=de |place= [[Place:Bern|Bern]], BE, CH |title= Die Schweiz erhaelt umgebaute Occasions Gripen}}</ref> and the flyaway cost to 100 million Swiss Francs (US$113M).<ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3601869.ece |language= sv |trans-title= Swedish Gripen E allegedly more expensive than the Swiss one |title= Svensk Gripen E påstås dyrare än schweizisk |first= Monica |last= Kleja |date= 11 December 2012 |newspaper= NyTeknik |place= SE |access-date= 9 May 2014 |archive-date= 1 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170401235202/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3601869.ece |url-status= dead}}</ref>
[[File:23_10_2020_Comemoração_do_Dia_do_Aviador_e_da_Força_Aérea_Brasileira_(50521157591).jpg|thumb|Brazilian Air Force F-39E, 2020]]
* '''Gripen E, or JAS 39E''': single-seat production version developed from the Gripen NG program, priced at US$85 million per unit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/saab-f-35-competitor-gripen-e-2016-7 |title=Saab just unveiled its attempt to outdo the F-35 |first=Orvelin |last= Valle |website=Business Insider |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> Sweden and Brazil have ordered the variant.<ref name="e order"/><ref name="en.europeonline-magazine.eu" /><ref name=Flightglobal_Brazil /> Brazil's designation for this variant is '''F-39E'''.<ref name=FG_F-39_designation/><ref name=Embraer_F-39_designation>{{Citation |year=2015 |title=Annual Report 2015 |publisher=Embraer |page=42 |url=http://www.embraer.com/Documents/Relatorio-Anual/Embraer%20Annual%20Report%202015_English.pdf |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003162811/http://www.embraer.com/Documents/Relatorio-Anual/Embraer%20Annual%20Report%202015_English.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''Gripen F, or JAS 39F''': two-seat version of the JAS 39E. Eight ordered by Brazil,<ref name=SaabBR/> to be developed locally and assembled in Gavião Peixoto, {{wipe|Brazil}};<ref>{{cite web |last= Coelho |first= Janet Tappin |title= Saab confirms twin seat Gripen F development for Brazil |url= http://www.janes.com/article/33428/saab-confirms-twin-seat-gripen-f-development-for-brazil |place= Rio de Janeiro |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date= 4 February 2014 |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140309040226/http://www.janes.com/article/33428/saab-confirms-twin-seat-gripen-f-development-for-brazil |archive-date=9 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> planned for pilot training and combat, being optimized for back seat air battle management, with jamming, [[Information warfare|information warfare]] and network attack, besides weapon system officer and electronic warfare roles.<ref>{{Citation |contribution= Top Stories So Far: Some Things You Ought to Know About Gripen NG |date= 16 July 2015 |title= Gripen, the wings of your nation |publisher= Saab |format= official [[World Wide Web]] log |access-date= 16 July 2015 |url= http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=1d32d33f%2D2d8a%2D4254%2Dba7e%2D7f020e980176&ID=1217&Web=f4e358e9%2D9737%2D43b1%2Db2f9%2Dc11c7b4ca9fa |quote= A two-seater version of Gripen NG is in development and will be used for both pilot training and combat missions. For the combat role, this version will be optimised to enable air battle management from the back seat, including jamming, information warfare and network attack capabilities. Weapon System Officer (WSO) and EW roles can also be facilitated from this position.}}</ref> Brazil's designation for the variant is '''F-39F'''.<ref name=FG_F-39_designation/><ref name=Embraer_F-39_designation/>

===Proposals===
* '''Gripen Aggressor''': 'red team' weaponless variant of the Gripen C & possibly D<ref>{{cite web |quote= The Gripen Aggressor is essentially a newbuild Gripen C that has had its offensive weapons capability (including the internal cannon) removed. While it is currently modelled on the single-seat Gripen C, Smith noted that a twin-seat Gripen D version could be offered if a customer requested it. |url= http://www.janes.com/article/73993/dsei-2017-saab-presents-new-gripen-aggressor |title= DSEI 2017: Saab presents new Gripen Aggressor |first= Gareth |last= Jennings |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date= 14 September 2017 |access-date= 21 December 2018 |via=Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180429001443/http://www.janes.com/article/73993/dsei-2017-saab-presents-new-gripen-aggressor |archive-date= 29 April 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/20190219_aggressor-v18-final.pdf |title=Gripen Aggressor for the US, Train like you fight |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318190220/https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/20190219_aggressor-v18-final.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> intended for the UK's Air Support to Defence Operational Training (ASDOT) requirement, and part of the US Air Force's adversary air (AdAir) opportunity.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen Aggressor targets UK, US requirements |date= 12 September 2017 |work=FlightGlobal |first= Craig |last= Hoyle |place= London |quote= Saab has launched a new derivative of its Gripen C, which it believes is ideally suited to meeting the future adversary training needs of the UK and USA |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-aggressor-targets-uk-us-requirements-441052/}}</ref>
* '''Gripen Maritime''': proposed [[Engineering:Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]] version based on the Gripen E.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen M In Brief |url=http://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen_m_factsheet.pdf |publisher= Saab |access-date= 26 July 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170726145323/http://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen_m_factsheet.pdf |archive-date= 26 July 2017 |date= April 2017}}</ref><ref name= naval_Gripen>{{cite web |url= http://www.stratpost.com/saab-offers-naval-gripen-to-india |title= Saab offers naval Gripen to India |work= Strat Post |date= 28 December 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130523034409/http://www.stratpost.com/saab-offers-naval-gripen-to-india |archive-date= 23 May 2013 |access-date= 23 March 2010}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, its development was underway.<ref name= sea_gripen_1411 /> {{As of|2013}}, Brazil and India<ref name=Jennings-2013/> were interested. This variant has also been named ''Sea Gripen''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |place=London |date= 15 March 2017 |url= http://www.janes.com/article/68734/saab-shifts-gripen-m-focus-from-brazil-to-india |title= Saab shifts Gripen M focus from Brazil to India |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170325211840/http://www.janes.com/article/68734/saab-shifts-gripen-m-focus-from-brazil-to-india |archive-date= 25 March 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, the Brazilian Navy began studying the Gripen Maritime for naval purposes and is looking to replace its fleet of [[Engineering:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk|Douglas A-4 Skyhawk]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barreira |first=Victor |date=20 July 2017 |title= Brazilian Navy makes moves towards potential new Gripen maritime fighters |url= http://www.janes.com/article/72490/ |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |access-date=26 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170726145218/http://www.janes.com/article/72490/ |archive-date= 26 July 2017}}</ref>
* '''Gripen UCAV''': proposed unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) variant of the Gripen E.<ref name="UAV" />
* '''Gripen EA''': proposed [[Social:Electronic warfare|electronic warfare]] (EW) or Electronic Attack variant of the Gripen F.{{Sfn|Mader|2015 |ps=: 'One of the ideas, once we have that F-model […] is that the future market will need a dedicated electronic-attack version…'}}

==Operators==
{{Maplink|frame=yes|text=Gripen operators as of 2021
<!-- Current Operators -->
|id= Q155 |type=shape|fill=#0000FF|stroke-width=0|title=Brazil
|id2=Q213 |type2=shape|fill2=#0000FF|stroke-width2=0|title2=Czech Republic
|id3= Q28 |type3=shape|fill3=#0000FF|stroke-width3=0|title3=Hungary
|id4=Q258 |type4=shape|fill4=#0000FF|stroke-width4=0|title4=Philippines
|id5=Q258 |type5=shape|fill5=#0000FF|stroke-width5=0|title5=South Africa
|id6= Q34 |type6=shape|fill6=#0000FF|stroke-width6=0|title6=Sweden
|id7=Q869 |type7=shape|fill7=#0000FF|stroke-width7=0|title7=Thailand
|id8=Q145 |type8=shape|fill8=#0000FF|stroke-width8=0|title8=United Kingdom
<!-- Former Operators -->
}}
[[File:3 x Saab JAS-39 Gripen of the Czech Air Force in flight (1).jpg|thumb|Three Saab JAS 39C Gripens of the Czech Air Force]]

There were {{#expr:74+24+17+9+12+2+11+1+8}} Gripens in service {{as of|2016|lc=on}}.<ref name= FG_World_Air_Forces_2016>{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/ |title= World Air Forces |date= 2016 |work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>

; {{Flag|Brazil}}: The {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}} operates 8 F-39Es,<ref name="Serial Delivery Phase">{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/press-releases/2021/gripen-e-entering-serial-delivery-phase-for-brazilian-and-swedish-air-forces |title= Gripen E Entering Serial Delivery Phase for Brazilian and Swedish Air Forces |website=Saab |date= 24 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/saab-entregou-hoje-os-primeiros-gripen-e-para-forcas-aereas-brasileira-e-sueca |title= Saab entregou hoje os primeiros Gripen E para Forças Aéreas Brasileira e Sueca |website=Defesa Aérea e Naval |language= pt |date= 24 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2023/12/13/novo-caca-gripen-da-fab-chega-ao-brasil-veja-fotos.ghtml |title= Novo caça Gripen da FAB chega ao Brasil; veja fotos |language= pt |date= 12 December 2023}}</ref> with another 32 Gripens E/F on order to be delivered from 2019 to 2026.<ref name="4 more aircraft 2022"/><ref name=Thisdell-2014/> 26 JAS E/Fs planned.<ref name="2nd batch 26 units"/><ref name="2nd batch 26 units 2"/><ref name="2nd batch 26 units 3"/>
:: 'Jaguar' Squadron of the 1st Air Defense Group
; {{Flag|Czech Republic}}: The {{wipe|Czech Air Force}} has 14 Gripens on lease; these include 12 single-seat C models and two two-seat D models, in operation {{as of|2016|lc=on}}.<ref name= FG_World_Air_Forces_2016 />
:: 211. taktická letka (211th Tactical Squadron)
; {{Flag|Hungary}}: The {{wipe|Hungarian Air Force}} operates 14 Gripens (12 C-models and 2 D-models) on a lease-and-buy arrangement {{as of|2017|2|lc=on}}.<ref name= Fleet_complete />
::'Puma' Harcászati Repülőszázad ('Puma' Tactical Fighter Squadron at 59th Air Base)
; {{Flag|South Africa}}: The {{wipe|South African Air Force}} (SAAF) ordered 26 aircraft; 17 single-seat C-models and nine two-seat D-models.<ref name= grip_so_far /> The first delivery, a two-seater, took place on 30 April 2008.<ref name= FltGlob_South_Africa>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/south-africa-fields-first-gripen-fighter-222781/ |title= South Africa fields first Gripen fighter |work= FlightGlobal |date= 8 May 2008}}</ref> It had 17 Cs and nine Ds in service {{as of|2016|lc=on}}.<ref name= FG_World_Air_Forces_2016/>
::No. 2 Squadron
; {{Flag|Sweden}}: The {{wipe|Swedish Air Force}} operates 74 JAS 39Cs, 24 Ds and 3 Es,<ref name="Serial Delivery Phase"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leverans av det första serieproducerade JAS 39E-planet till FMV |url=https://www.fmv.se/aktuellt--press/aktuella-handelser/leverans-av-det-forsta-serieproducerade-jas-39e-planet-till-fmv/ |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.fmv.se |language=sv}}</ref> ordered 60 Es as of 2016 with 10 more aircraft planned to be ordered.<ref name= SaabBR /><ref name= FG_World_Air_Forces_2016 /> It originally ordered 204 aircraft, including 28 two-seaters. Sweden leases 28 to the Czech and Hungarian Air Forces.<ref>{{cite web |last= Hoyle |first= Craig |publisher= Reed Business Information |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-enhancements-escape-swedish-cutbacks-216641/ |title= Gripen enhancements escape Swedish cutbacks |work= FlightGlobal |date= 7 September 2007 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131217024258/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-enhancements-escape-swedish-cutbacks-216641/ |archive-date= 17 December 2013}}</ref>
; {{Flag|Thailand}}: The {{wipe|Royal Thai Air Force}} had eight JAS 39Cs and four JAS 39Ds in use {{as of|2016|lc=on}}.<ref name= FG_World_Air_Forces_2016 /> 1 crashed, leaving a total of 11 Gripens in their inventory. In October 2013, the Thai government announced its intention to purchase another six Gripens.<ref name="Th vill" />
::701 Fighter Squadron, Wing 7	
; {{Flag|United Kingdom}}: The Empire Test Pilots' School operates Gripens for training. ETPS instructor pilots and students undergo simulator training with the Swedish Air Force, and go on to fly the two-seater Gripen at Saab in Linköping, in two training campaigns per year (spring and autumn). The agreement was renewed in 2008.<ref>{{Cite press release |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---2/saab-signs-new-agreement-with-uks-test-pilots-school |title= Saab signs new agreement with UK's test pilots' school |publisher= Saab |date= 15 February 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120722081222/http://www.saabgroup.com/en/about-saab/newsroom/press-releases--news/2008---2/saab-signs-new-agreement-with-uks-test-pilots-school/ |archive-date= 22 July 2012}}</ref>
<!-- The Operators section is only for current operators or future users with aircraft on firm order. See WP:AIRCRAFT-OPERATORS for more. -->

==Aircraft on display==
[[File:F 7 Såtenäs 10.jpg|thumb|Saab JAS 39 Gripen on display at the Skaraborg Wing.]]

* Second prototype JAS 39–2 is on display at the Aeroseum, Göteborg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title=Gripen prototype arrives at new home |url=https://www.key.aero/article/gripen-prototype-arrives-new-home |access-date=2023-12-06 |website=www.key.aero |language=en}}</ref>
* Single seat JAS 39A serial 39113 is displayed at the Skaraborg Wing.
* The Swedish government has donated one Swedish Air Force JAS 39A to Thailand for display at the {{wipe|Royal Thai Air Force Museum}} in Don Mueang, Bangkok.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bangkokpost.com/multimedia/photo/285691/photos-of-the-week |series= Photos of the week |title= The Swedish Air Force has donated a Gripen 39A fighter aircraft to exhibit in the Royal Thai Air Force |work= Bangkok Post |date=23 March 2012 |access-date= 29 August 2012}}</ref>

==Accidents and incidents==

{{As of|2017|01}}, Gripen aircraft have been involved in at least 10 incidents, including nine [[Engineering:Aviation accidents and incidents|hull-loss accidents]], with one loss of life.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/dblist.php?AcType=SB39 |title= Saab JAS 39 incidents |publisher= Flight safety foundation |work= Aviation Safety Network |date= 19 July 2011 |access-date= 24 July 2011}} Note page has two entries for 31 May 2010 accident with the same serial number.</ref>

The first two crashes, in 1989 and 1993 respectively, occurred during public displays of the Gripen and resulted in considerable negative media reports. The first crash was filmed by a Sveriges Television news crew and led to critics calling for development to be cancelled.{{Sfn |Brändström|2003|pp= 17–18, 23–24}} The second crash occurred in an empty area on the island of Långholmen during the 1993 Stockholm Water Festival with tens of thousands of spectators present. The decision to display the Gripen over large crowds was publicly criticized, and was compared to the 1989 crash.{{Sfn |Brändström |2003 |pp= 5–6}}<ref>{{cite news |language=sv|url= http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1602&artikel=851408 |title= JAS Gripen störtar på Långholmen |work= Minnen [Memories] |date= 5 May 2006|trans-title= JAS Gripen crashes on Långholmen |publisher= Sveriges Radio |place=SE |access-date= 6 October 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131219213959/http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=1602&artikel=851408 |archive-date= 19 December 2013}}</ref> Both the 1989 and 1993 crashes were related to flight control software issues{{Sfn |Eden|2004|p= 389}} and pilot-induced oscillation; the flight control system was corrected by 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://history.saab.com/teman/svensk-sakerhet/jas-39-gripen/ |title=Jas 39 Gripen |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210414004951/https://history.saab.com/teman/svensk-sakerhet/jas-39-gripen/ |archive-date=14 April 2021 |url-status= dead |language= sv}}</ref> The first and only fatal crash occurred on 14 January 2017 at Hat Yai International Airport, Thailand, during an airshow for Thai Children's Day; the pilot did not survive.<ref>{{cite web |language= th |publisher= Sanook |date= 14 January 2017 |url= http://news.sanook.com/2152398/ |title= โชว์ระทึก! เครื่องบินผาดโผนร่วงพื้น ระเบิดในงานวันเด็ก |work= Minnen [Memories] |access-date= 8 July 2017 |trans-title= Frightening air show, the fighter crashed during kids' day}}</ref>  The last crash occurred on 21 August 2018 at Kallinge Airport near the southern Swedish town of Ronneby; the pilot was able to successfully eject from the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/aktuellt/2018/08/jas-haveri-vid-blekinge-flygflottilj/ |language= sv |title= Jas-haveri vid Blekinge flygflottilj |trans-title= JAS crash at Blekinge air flotilla |publisher= Swedish Armed Forces |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180822120640/https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/aktuellt/2018/08/jas-haveri-vid-blekinge-flygflottilj/ |archive-date= 22 August 2018 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work= DI |date= 21 August 2018 |access-date= 27 March 2022 |url= https://www.di.se/ditv/nyheter/presstraff-om-jas-kraschen-i-ronneby/ |language=sv |title= Pressträff om Jas-kraschen i Ronneby |trans-title= Press conference about JAS crash in Ronneby}}</ref> The following investigation by the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority led to the conclusion by DNA analysis of the engine that it collided with [[Biology:Great cormorant|Phalacrocorax carbo]] birds at a speed of {{cvt |304|kn|km/h}} and height {{cvt |1400|ft|m}}.<ref>{{cite press release |year= 2018 |url= https://www.havkom.se/nyheter/2018/haveriet-med-en-jas-39-norr-om-kallinge-den-21-augusti-2018 |language= sv |title= Haveriet med en JAS 39 norr om Kallinge den 21 augusti 2018 |trans-title= The accident with a JAS 39 north of Kallinge on 21 August 2018 |work= Havkom |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201212230251/https://www.havkom.se/nyheter/2018/haveriet-med-en-jas-39-norr-om-kallinge-den-21-augusti-2018 |archive-date= 12 December 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url= https://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/RM2019_02-Slutrapport.pdf |language=sv |title= Slutrapport RM 2019:02 |work= Havkom |trans-title= Final report RM 2019:02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201212230536/https://www.havkom.se/assets/reports/RM2019_02-Slutrapport.pdf |archive-date= 12 December 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref>

==Specifications==
===JAS 39C/D===
[[File:Saab JAS 39 Gripen 3-view.svg|thumb|Saab JAS 39 Gripen 3-view drawing]]
[[File:Gripen 5.jpg|thumb|Gripen engine nozzle|alt=Side-view of circular aircraft engine exhaust nozzle, showing two distinct layers]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Saab Gripen,{{Sfn|Spick|2000|p= 431}}{{Sfn |Williams|2003|p= 90}} Saab,<ref name= Saab_dims>{{Citation |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Gripen_Dimensions.pdf |title= Gripen |type= product sheet |contribution= Dimensions |publisher= Saab |access-date= 14 October 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131030102632/http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Gripen_Dimensions.pdf |archive-date= 30 October 2013 |url-status= dead}}.</ref><ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Gripen_Stores.pdf |title= Gripen |type= product sheet |contribution= Advanced Weapons Flexibility |publisher= Saab |access-date= 20 July 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131030105257/http://www.saabgroup.com/Global/Documents%20and%20Images/Air/Gripen/Gripen%20product%20sheet/Gripen_Stores.pdf |archive-date= 30 October 2013 |url-status= dead}}.</ref> ''Aviation Week''<ref name= "Program Dossier: JAS 39 Gripen">{{Citation |url= http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2014/09/asd_09_25_2014_jas7.pdf |title= Program Dossier: JAS 39 Gripen |newspaper= Aviation Week |date= September 2014 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170809225814/https://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.com/files/uploads/2014/09/asd_09_25_2014_jas7.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2017}}.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!-- General characteristics -->
|crew=1 '''JAS 39C''' / 2 '''JAS 39D'''
|length m=14.9
|length note='''JAS 39C'''
::::{{cvt|15.6|m|0}} '''JAS 39D'''
|span m=8.4
|span note=
|height m=4.5
|height note=
|wing area sqm=30
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=6800
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=14000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt |3000|L|gal}} (2340 kg) (internal); {{cvt |3500|L|gal}} (2730 kg) (external)<ref name= "FMV Facts" /><ref name= "Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se"/>
|more general=<br>
* '''Payload:''' {{cvt|5300|kg|lb}}<ref name="FMV Facts"/><ref name= "Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se" />
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Engineering:Volvo RM12|Volvo RM12]]
|eng1 type=afterburning turbofan engine
|eng1 kn=54
|eng1 note=
|eng1 kn-ab=80.5
<!-- Performance -->
|max speed mach=2 ({{cvt|2|Mach|altitude_m=15,240|km/h mph kn|disp=out}}) at 15,240 m
**{{cvt|1.2|Mach|altitude_m=0|km/h mph kn}} at sea level<ref name="FMV Facts"/>
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|combat range km=800
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=3200
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=15,240
|ceiling note=
|g limits=+9/−3 (+12 if needed)<ref>{{YouTube|id= YKjO9wQLTBw|time= 850s|title= Flying the Saab Gripen – Interview with Demo Pilot André Brännström | channel = CW Lemoine}}.</ref>
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=283
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=0.97

|more performance=<br />
*'''Takeoff distance:''' {{cvt|400|m|0}}<ref name="FMV Facts">{{cite web |url= https://www.fmv.se/projekt/jas-39-gripen/mer-fakta-om-jas-39-gripen/ |title= Mer fakta om JAS 39 Gripen |language=sv|trans-title= More facts about the JAS 39 Gripen |publisher= FMV |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200807135531/https://www.fmv.se/projekt/jas-39-gripen/mer-fakta-om-jas-39-gripen/ |archive-date= 7 August 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref name= "Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se" />
*'''Landing distance:''' {{cvt|500|m|0}}<ref name= "FMV Facts" /><ref name="Reaktionsmotor 12 idg.se"/>
<!-- Armament -->
|guns=1 × 27&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Mauser BK-27|Mauser BK-27]] [[Engineering:Revolver cannon|revolver cannon]] with 120 rounds (single-seat models only)
|hardpoints=8 (two hardpoints under fuselage, two under each wing, and one on each wing tip, with one of these for FLIR / ECM / LD / Recon pod)
|hardpoint capacity= {{cvt |5300|kg|lb}}
|hardpoint missiles=<br />
***6 × IRIS-T (Rb.98) or [[Engineering:AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9 Sidewinder]] (Rb.74) or A-Darter
***4 × MBDA Meteor (Rb.101), AIM-120 AMRAAM (Rb.99) or MBDA MICA
***4 × AGM-65 Maverick
***2 × KEPD.350
***2 × [[Engineering:RBS-15|RBS-15]]F [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]
|hardpoint bombs=<br>
***4 × GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bomb
***8 × Mark 82 bombs
***16 × GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb<ref>{{cite web |publisher= Saab |url= https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/gripen_c_packing-iron |title= Gripen C-Series Packing Iron |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105213736/https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/gripen_c_packing-iron |archive-date= 5 January 2023 |url-status= live}}</ref>
|hardpoint other=<br />
***1 × ALQ-TLS electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod
***1 × Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod
<!-- Avionics -->
|avionics=
* Radar: PS-05/A Pulse-Doppler
* Cobra helmet mounted display (HMD)<ref name="targo hmd">{{cite web |publisher= Saab |url= https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2016/november/eyes-of-target |title= Eyes on target |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210310153247/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2016/november/eyes-of-target |archive-date= 10 March 2021 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gripen.com/en/MediaRelations/News/2007/071003_HMD.htm |title= Sweden orders Helmet-Mounted Display |publisher= Saab |year= 2007 |work= Gripen |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020055458/https://www.gripen.com/en/MediaRelations/News/2007/071003_HMD.htm |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref>
}}

===JAS 39E/F===
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= Saab Gripen,{{Sfn|Spick|2000|p=431}}{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 90}} Saab,<ref>{{Citation |work= Gripen fighter system |url= https://saab.com/air/gripen-fighter-system/gripen/gripen-ef/ |title= Gripen E/F |publisher= Saab |access-date= 29 August 2019}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen-e-fact-sheet--en.pdf |title=Gripen E in brief |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160615185236/https://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen-e-fact-sheet--en.pdf |archive-date= 15 June 2016 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/gripen-for-brazil/pdf-gripen-ng/gripen-ng-brochure.pdf |title=Gripen NG Performance, Facts and Figures |publisher= Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151016220818/https://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/gripen-for-brazil/pdf-gripen-ng/gripen-ng-brochure.pdf |archive-date= 16 October 2015 |url-status= dead}}</ref> and ''Aviation Week''.<ref name="Program Dossier: JAS 39 Gripen"/>
|prime units?=met
<!-- General characteristics -->
|crew=1 '''JAS 39E''' / 2 '''JAS 39F'''
|length m=15.2
|length note='''JAS 39E'''
::::{{cvt|15.9|m|0}} '''JAS 39F'''
|span m=8.6
|span note=
|height m=4.5
|height note=
|wing area sqm=30
|wing area note=
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=8000
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=16500
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt |4360|L|gal}} (3400 kg) (internal); 4535 L (3537 kg) External with 3 drop tanks (2x1700 L + 1x1135 L)
|more general=<br>
* '''Payload:''' {{cvt|7200|kg|lb}}<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen: When Logic is Part of the Equation |via= Defense IQ |url= https://www.defenceiq.com/content-auto-download/5b04b95f97533d72c14ff28a |publisher= Saab |access-date=4 March 2022}}</ref>
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Engineering:General Electric F414#F414-GE-39E (GE RM16)|General Electric F414-GE-39E]] (RM16)
|eng1 type=afterburning turbofan engine
|eng1 kn=61.83<ref name="US Navy NATOPS Flight Manual">{{cite web |title=Natops flight manual navy model F/A-18E/F |via= Public intelligence |url= https://info.publicintelligence.net/F18-EF-000.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://info.publicintelligence.net/F18-EF-000.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |publisher= United States Department of the Navy |access-date= 26 October 2020 |page=I-2-1}}</ref>
|eng1 note=
|eng1 kn-ab=98
<!--Performance -->
|max speed kmh=2100
|max speed note=at 15,240 m
|max speed mach=2
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|range km=
|combat range km=1500
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=4000
|ferry range note=
|ceiling m=16000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=+9/−3
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=283
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|thrust/weight=1.04

|more performance=
*'''Takeoff distance:''' {{cvt|500|m|0}}
*'''Landing distance:''' {{cvt|600|m|0}}
<!--Armament -->
|guns=1 × 27&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Mauser BK-27|Mauser BK-27]] [[Engineering:Revolver cannon|revolver cannon]] with 120 rounds (single-seat models only)
|hardpoints=10 (three hardpoints under fuselage, two under each wing, one on each wing tip, and one dedicated for FLIR / LD / Recon pod)
|hardpoint capacity= {{cvt|7200|kg|lb}}
|hardpoint missiles=<br>
***9 × IRIS-T (Rb.98), [[Engineering:AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9 Sidewinder]] (Rb.74) or A-Darter
***7 × MBDA Meteor (Rb.101)
***2 × KEPD.350
***6 × [[Engineering:RBS-15|Rbs.15F]] [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]
|hardpoint bombs=<br>
***7 × GBU-12 Paveway II laser-guided bomb
***8 × Mark 82 bombs
***16 × GBU-39 SDB
***12 × Alternative small-diameter glide bomb
|hardpoint other=<br>
***1 × ALQ-TLS electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod
***1 × Digital Joint Reconnaissance Pod
***1 × Rafael Reccelite Reconnaissance Pod
***1 × Litening III Targeting pod
<!-- Avionics -->
|avionics=
* Leonardo PS-05/A Raven [[Engineering:Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] radar<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.leonardocompany.com/en/products/raven-1 |title=Raven ES-05 |publisher=Leonardo |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191203172858/https://www.leonardocompany.com/en/products/raven-1 |archive-date= 3 December 2019 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/3149753/Raven_ES05_LQ_mm07819_.pdf |title= Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Fire Control Radar |publisher= Leonardo |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200104131834/https://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/20142/3149753/Raven_ES05_LQ_mm07819_.pdf |archive-date= 4 January 2020 |url-status= live}}</ref>
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|similar aircraft= <!-- aircraft that are of similar role, era, and capability this design: -->
* CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
* [[Engineering:Chengdu J-10|Chengdu J-10]]
* [[Engineering:Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale]]
* [[Engineering:Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Typhoon]]
* [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]]
* AIDC F-CK-1
* [[Engineering:HAL Tejas|HAL Tejas]]
* [[Engineering:HAL Tejas Mk2|HAL Tejas Mk2]]
* [[Engineering:Mikoyan MiG-29|Mikoyan MiG-29]]
|see also=<!-- other related articles that have not already linked and do not fit the specific entries below: -->
* [[Engineering:Flygsystem 2020|Flygsystem 2020]]
* Fourth-generation jet fighter
|related=<!-- designs developed into or from this aircraft: -->
<!-- Note the similar aircraft was removed due to edit warring, see relevant discussions on talk page or talk page archives. -->
|lists=<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
* [[Engineering:List of fighter aircraft|List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[Engineering:List of military aircraft of Sweden|List of military aircraft of Sweden]]
}}<!-- See WP:Air/PC for more explanation of these fields. -->

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Nb}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Jennings-2014>{{cite web |last= Jennings |first= Gareth |date= 9 March 2014 |place= Linköping, SE |work= Jane's Defence Weekly |title= Saab to offer Gripen C/D upgrades, pushes exports |publisher= IHS Jane's 360 |url= http://www.janes.com/article/35119/saab-to-offer-gripen-c-d-upgrades-pushes-exports |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140317065647/http://www.janes.com/article/35119/saab-to-offer-gripen-c-d-upgrades-pushes-exports |archive-date= 17 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name=Jennings-2015>{{cite web |last= Jennings |first= Gareth |date= 28 April 2015 |title= Saab pitches Gripen as Typhoon replacement for Austria |place= Linköping, SE |publisher= IHS Jane's 360 |work= Jane's Defence Weekly |url= http://www.janes.com/article/51025/saab-pitches-gripen-as-typhoon-replacement-for-austria |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150501142359/http://www.janes.com/article/51025/saab-pitches-gripen-as-typhoon-replacement-for-austria |archive-date= 1 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |title= Saab JAS 39 Gripen: um herdeiro da tradição nórdica |language=pt |trans-title= Saab JAS 39 Gripen: a Nordic tradition inheritor |year= 2011 |journal= Aviões de Combate a Jacto |volume= 17. Saab JAS 39 Gripen (Suécia) |location= Portugal |publisher= Altaya, Planeta de Agostini |isbn= 978-989-651-217-0 |page= 197 |ref= {{SfnRef|Altaya|2011}}}}
* {{Cite book |last= Acharya |first= Amitav |title= Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order |place= London |publisher= Taylor & Francis |year= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-415-41428-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Björeman |first=Carl |title=År av uppgång, år av nedgång: försvarets ödesväg under beredskapsåren och det kalla kriget |trans-title=Years of rise, years of decline: the Swedish defence during World War II and the Cold War |series= Publikation / Försvaret och det kalla kriget (FOKK), 1652–5388 |volume= 20 |year=2009 |publisher= Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek |location= Stockholm |language=sv|isbn=978-918578958-0 |id={{SELIBR|11647610}}}}
* {{Cite book |last= Brändström |first= Annika |year= 2003 |url= http://www.fhs.se/Documents/Externwebben/forskning/centrumbildningar/Crismart/Publikationer/Publikationsserier/VOLUME_13.PDF |title= Coping with a Credibility Crisis: The Stockholm JAS Fighter Crash of 1993 |publisher= Swedish National Defence College |location= Stockholm, Sweden |isbn= 91-87136-72-4 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130521085134/http://www.fhs.se/Documents/Externwebben/forskning/centrumbildningar/Crismart/Publikationer/Publikationsserier/VOLUME_13.PDF |archive-date= 21 May 2013 |url-status= dead}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Chant |first1=Christopher |last2=Taylor |first2=Michael Jogn Haddrick |year=1999 |title= The Role of the Fighter & Bomber |place= Philadelphia, PA |publisher= Chelsea |isbn= 0-7910-5419-5}}
* {{Cite journal |last= Cross |first= Michael |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Gu6wFrdExO4C&pg=PA27 |title= Swedes unveil New Combat craft |journal= New Scientist |volume= 109 |issue= 1495 |date= 13 February 1986 |page= 27 |issn= 0262-4079}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last= Eden |editor-first= Paul |contribution= Saab JAS 39 Gripen |title= Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft |place= New York |publisher= Amber Books |year= 2004 |isbn= 1-904687-84-9}}
* {{Cite book |last= Eliasson |first= Gunnar |series= Economics of science, technology & innovation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ISgwc1BGN40C |title= Advanced Public Procurement as Industrial Policy: The Aircraft Industry as a Technical University |place= New York |publisher= Springer |year= 2010 |format= paperback |isbn= 978-1-4419-2571-8}}
* {{Cite book |last= Forsberg |first= Randall |url= https://archive.org/details/armsproductiondi0000fors |url-access= registration |title= The Arms Production Dilemma: Contraction and Restraint in the World Combat Aircraft Industry |place= Cambridge, {{wipe|Massachusetts}} |publisher= MIT Press |year= 1994 |isbn= 0-262-56085-2}}
* {{Cite book |last= Frawley |first= Gerard |title= The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002–2003 |place= Fishwyck, ACT, {{wipe|Australia}} |publisher= Aerospace |year= 2002 |isbn= 1-875671-55-2}}
* {{Cite book |last= Frédriksen |first= John C |title= International Warbirds: an Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft, 1914–2000 |place= Santa Barbara, {{wipe|California}}, US |publisher= ABC-CLIO |year= 2001 |isbn= 1-57607-364-5}}
* {{Cite book |last= Frisberg |first= Bo |title= Reliable Software Technologies — Ada-Europe |chapter= Ada in the JAS 39 Gripen flight control system |volume= 1411 |series= Lecture Notes in Computer Science |year= 1998 |page= 1411 |doi= 10.1007/BFb0055013 |isbn= 978-3-540-64536-8}}
* {{Cite journal |last1= Green |first1= William |first2= Gordon |last2= Swanborough |year=1987 |title= The Gripen: an ambitious 'Jack of all Trades' |journal= Air International |pages= 224–30 |place= Lincolnshire, UK |publisher= Key Publishing |issn= 0306-5634}}
* {{Cite book |last= Henk |first= Dan |title= South Africa's Armaments Industry: Continuity and Change After a Decade of Majority Rule |place= Lanham, MD |publisher= University Press of America |year= 2006 |isbn= 0-7618-3481-8}}
* {{Citation |last1= Jasper |first1= Chris |first2= Niclas |last2= Rolander |title= Saab closes in on Gripen deal in Brazil opening up Latin America |date= 23 October 2014 |publisher= Bloomberg |access-date= 23 October 2014 |url= http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-23/saab-closes-in-on-gripen-deal-in-brazil-opening-up-latin-america.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20141023123410/http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-23/saab-closes-in-on-gripen-deal-in-brazil-opening-up-latin-america.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 23 October 2014}}.
* {{Cite book |last= Keijsper |first= Gerard |year=2003 |title= Saab Gripen: Sweden's 21st Century Multi-role Aircraft |series= Aerofax |location=Leicester, UK |publisher= Midland Publishing |isbn= 1-85780-137-7}}
* {{Cite journal |last= Lake |first= Jon |year= 2008 |title= Gripen C/D |type= supplement |journal= Air International |location= Lincolnshire, UK |publisher= Key Publishing |issn= 0306-5634}}
* {{Cite book |last= Larrabee |first= F Stephen |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G7SNrjEUfz0C |title= NATO's Eastern Agenda in a New Strategic Era |issue= 1744 |place= Santa Monica, California |publisher= RAND |year= 2003 |isbn= 0-8330-3467-7}}
* {{Cite conference|last1= Larsson |first1= Jörgen |first2= Richard |last2= Ekrot |format= PDF |url= http://www.icas.org/ICAS_ARCHIVE/ICAS2010/ABSTRACTS/562.HTM |title= The Cobra Helmet Mounted Display System for Gripen |conference= 27th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences |place= Nice, France |id= Paper ICAS2010-P6.12 |publisher= ICAS |date= 19–24 September 2010 |access-date= 12 February 2014}}
* {{Cite book |last1= Lindqvist |first1= Gunnar |first2= Bo |last2= Widfeldt |year= 2003 |title= Rikets flygplanköp&nbsp;— JAS 39 Gripen |language=sv|trans-title= The Kingdom's aircraft purchases: JAS 39 Gripen |place= Nässjö, Sweden |publisher= Air Historic Research |isbn= 91-973892-5-0}}
* {{Cite book |last= Lorell |first= Mark A |year= 2002 |title= Going Global? US Government Policy and the Defense Aerospace Industry |issue= 1537 |place= Santa Monica, California |publisher= RAND |isbn= 0-8330-3193-7}}
* {{Citation |last= Mader |first= Georg |publisher= International Fighter |date= Sep 2015 |title= 'Growler' edition is next plan for Gripen, says senior Saab Exec |newspaper= Defence IQ |access-date= 14 October 2015 |url= http://www.international-fighter.com/media/1001045/50607.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.international-fighter.com/media/1001045/50607.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live}}.
* {{Cite book |last1= Matláry |first1= Janne Håland |first2= Ø̈yvind |last2= Ø̈sterud |year= 2007 |title= Denationalisation of Defence: Convergence and Diversity |place= London |publisher= Ashgate |isbn= 978-0-7546-7119-0}}
* {{Citation |last= Nilsson |first= Axel |url= http://www.fmv.se/en/Projects/JAS-39-Gripen/Milestones/ |title= JAS 39 Gripen − Milestones |work= Projects |publisher= Swedish Defence Materiel Administration |date= 13 January 2012 |access-date= 12 February 2014 |quote= Gripen is the Swedish word for Griffin – a mythological animal, half eagle and half lion. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071158/https://www.fmv.se/en/Projects/JAS-39-Gripen/Milestones/ |archive-date= 22 February 2014}}
* {{Cite book |last= Spick |first= Michael 'Mike' |year= 2000 |contribution= Saab JAS 39 Gripen |title= The Great Book of Modern Warplanes |place= St. Paul, MN |publisher= MBI |isbn= 0-7603-0893-4}}
* {{Cite book |last= Spreen |first= Wesley E |year= 2007 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s5jXbWfVVX0C |title= Marketing in the International Aerospace Industry |place= London |publisher= Ashgate |isbn= 978-0-7546-4975-5}}
* {{Cite book |last1= Stohl |first1= Rachel |first2= Suzette |last2= Grillot |year= 2009 |title= The International Arms Trade |place= Cambridge, UK |publisher= Polity |isbn= 978-0-7456-4154-6}}
* {{Cite book |editor1-last= Williams |editor1-first= Mel |year= 2003 |title= Superfighters: The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft |location= London |publisher=AIRtime |isbn= 1-880588-53-6}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last= Winchester |editor-first= Jim |contribution= Saab JAS 39 Gripen |title= Modern Military Aircraft |series= Aviation Factfile |place= Rochester, Kent, UK |publisher= Grange |year= 2004 |isbn= 1-84013-640-5}}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |last= Griffiths |first= Dave |title= AFM Evaluates the Gripen |journal= AirForces Monthly |location= Stamford, UK |publisher= Key Publishing |volume= 13 |number= 144 |date= March 2000 |issn= 0955-7091}}
* {{Cite book |last= Jenkins |first= Dennis R |title= F/A-18 Hornet: A Navy Success Story |place= New York |publisher= McGraw-Hill |year= 2000 |isbn= 0-07-134696-1}}
* {{Citation |last1= Linner |first1= Anders |last2= Wigert |first2= Lars |last3= Ahlgren |first3= Jan |year= 2002 |title= Gripen, The First Fourth Generation Fighter |publisher= Swedish Air Force, FMV and Saab Aerospace |isbn= 978-91-972803-8-9 |edition= hardcover, transl. from 5th Swedish |others= Jonsson, Jan foreword |type= fact book}}.
* {{cite web |url= https://www.idg.se/polopoly_fs/1.174315.1414504276!jas-gripen.pdf |title=JAS 39 Gripen – ett datoriserat under |language=sv |trans-title=JAS 39 Gripen – a computerized wonder |first=Jörgen |last=Städje |date= April 2000 |publisher= IDG |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160123130702/https://www.idg.se/polopoly_fs/1.174315.1414504276!jas-gripen.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2016 |url-status=live}}
* {{Cite journal |last= Sweetman |first= Bill |date= March 1993 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IDpkBfTEN-4C |title= Bargain fighter |journal= Popular Science |location= Winter Park, FL |publisher= Bonnier |volume= 242 |issue= 3 |page= 3 |issn= 0161-7370}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Saab JAS 39 Gripen}}
* {{cite web |type= official site |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/en/Air/Gripen-Fighter-System/ |title= Gripen fighter system |work= Air |publisher= Saab}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.army.cz/scripts/detail.php?id=6100 |title= Gripen |publisher= Czech Armed Forces |website= Army.cz}}
* {{YouTube |id=FQ_wIptrASY |title=Fighter Jet: War Machine Heavy Maintenance}} Mega Pit Stops
* {{YouTube |id=mfZvwtdlYy8 |title=Saab Gripen E Walkaround at the Saab factory at Linköping – Guided by test pilot André Brännström}} Siivet – Wings



[[Category:Delta-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Canard aircraft|Saab JAS 39 Gripen]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Relaxed-stability aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Saab JAS 39 Gripen}}