View source for Engineering:Soling

{{Infobox Sailboat Specifications
|name            = International Soling
|image           = Soling Line Drawing.svg
|imagesize       =
|alt             = 
|caption         = 
|class_symbol    = 
|class_image     =Soling_insigna.png
|class_imagealt  = 
|class_imagesize = 
|crew            = 2 or 3
|type            = [[Engineering:Monohull|Monohull]]
|design          = One-Design
|construction    = [[Chemistry:Fiberglass|GRP]]
|rig             = [[Engineering:Bermuda rig|Bermuda rig]]
|keel            = Fixed {{convert|580|kg|abbr=on}}
|trapeze         = Droop hiking
|loa             = {{convert|8.15|m|abbr=on}}
|loh             = 
|lwl             = {{convert|6.1|m|abbr=on}}
|beam            = {{convert|1.9|m|abbr=on}}
|draft           = {{convert|1.3|m|abbr=on}}
|hull            = {{convert|1035|kg|abbr=on}}
|mastheight      = {{convert|9.3|m|abbr=on}}
|mainsailandjib  = {{convert|23.7|m2|abbr=on}}
|sailarea        = 
|mainsail        = {{convert|15.6|m2|abbr=on}}
|jib             = {{convert|8.1|m2|abbr=on}}
|spinnaker       = Max: {{convert|45|m2|abbr=on}}<br>Min: {{convert|35|m2|abbr=on}}
|d-pn            = 82.3<ref name="DPN" group=fn/>
|rya-pn          = 914<ref name="RYA" group=fn/>
|phrf            = 
|year            = 1965
|designer        = Jan H. Linge
|location        = Norway
|role            = Designed for the Olympic Games 1972
|updated         = 05-NOV-2011
|ISAF            = International Class
|ISA             = [http://www.soling.com www.soling.com]
|olympic         = vintage
}}

The '''Soling''' is an International open [[Engineering:Keelboat|keelboat]] class designed by Jan Linge from Norway in 1965. In 1968, it was selected to be an Olympic class for the Games of the XX Olympiad in Kiel 1972 (GER). The Soling maintained this status until her final appearance at the 2000 Olympics.

The Soling is a strong boat designed for any wind and sea condition. The boats are one-design originating from an authorized single plug and mould and made of glass reinforced polyester, making competition as equal as possible.

The lifetime of a Soling is long. Those produced in the early days are still in competition (more than 50 years after being built). At the 2019 North American Championship the 5th place was taken by a German team (GER 1) sailing a refurbished Soling build in 1968.<ref name="NAC" group=fn/>

Characteristic for the Soling is the droop-hiking technique.<ref name=hansfogh group=fn>[http://www.ussoling.com/nsa/usa/index.asp?Section=Article&ID=521 Article by Hans Fogh and commented by Stuart H. Walker on the matter of droop hiking]</ref>
[[Image:TeamColeman1.jpg|thumb|Soling on a reach]]

Since 2008, the Soling is one of the Vintage Yachting Classes at the Vintage Yachting Games.

==History==
[[File:Soling 001.jpg|thumb|Soling]]
The Soling history actually began in the mind of Jan Linge during the late 1950s while he was doing design work and tank testing on a 5.5 metre to be built for a Norwegian friend for sailing in the 1960 Olympics. This friend, Finn Ferner, was a successful businessman and an outstanding helmsman, an Olympic medalist and winner of many international events. Linge had become convinced that a slightly smaller boat with a detached spade rudder and short keel could be a fast seaworthy boat with the likelihood of great popularity – though such features were not allowed under the 5.5 rules. After 1960 Linge completed his design sketches to demonstrate his ideas for promoting a Norwegian national class.

By the time of the 1961 IYRU meetings, the forces for change had organized themselves to seek four new classes – a single hander as companion to the [[Engineering:Finn (dinghy)|Finn]], a two-man keelboat to complement the [[Engineering:Star (keelboat)|Star]], a three-man keelboat like the 5.5 or [[Engineering:Dragon (keelboat)|Dragon]], finally a catamaran. The underlying goals for these new boats were not explicit, but hinted:  "high performance" and "popularity" were key words for whatever boat was chosen. The two-man keelboat process started in 1962 under the auspices of the Dutch sailing magazine ''De Waterkampioen'' with the announcement of the design competition, to culminate at the 1963 IYRU meetings, and Trials perhaps in 1965. This resulted in the [[Engineering:Tempest (keelboat)|Tempest]].

It was the public announcement by the Class Policy Committee (CPOC) in mid-1963 that started events leading to the adoption of the Soling's Olympic status four years later. The American magazine ''Yachting'' undertook to accept design sketches for presentation at the November 1963 meeting with the aim of a compromise between maximum speed and maximum seaworthiness. Obligatory maximum limits and features were:
* LWL: 22 feet (6.7m)
* Draft 4'6 (1.37m)
* Displacement 3799 pounds (1723&nbsp;kg)
* Sail area 310 sq. ft. (28.8m<sup>2</sup>)
* Non-sinkable
* Built-in buoyancy
* Capable of racing in open sea conditions
* Open cabin

Linge was determined to develop his version of a three-man keelboat. His next door neighbour, Sverre Olsen (See S.O. + LING) became interested in backing the effort. A wooden prototype was built, for experimenting with sizes and placement of rudders, keels, and rig. Finn Ferner, the champion skipper and Linge's 5.5 client of 1960, became an important skilled partner in this activity. By mid 1965, Linge and Ferner were satisfied enough with their work to manufacture the moulds needed for producing complete fibreglass boats. In November 1965, the IYRU scheduled trials to be held off Kiel during September 1966.

The high performance revolution was underway:  The Tempest was given recognition, Catamaran trials were set for 1967, and a 1966 re-run of the single hander event which had had no wind in 1965 was held. During the winter of 1965–66, five fibreglass Solings were built which were extensively sailed against one another during the following summer. This competition was destined to be helpful in the heavy weather ahead at [[Place:Kiel|Kiel]] – chosen as a windy challenge for what the IYRU desired.

The first race was in moderate air, but thereafter for ten of the eleven races, Kiel lived up to its breezy reputation. The final race may have been worth all the rest for the Soling:  a meeting of helmsmen gathered in view of the forty [[Physics:Knot (unit)|knot]] wind. Not surprisingly, the Committee's desire to race was persuasive. By the windward mark only the Soling was left to sail the course, and so was able to demonstrate her outstanding ability to handle heavy air. The Selection Committee, consisting of chairman British Frank Murdoch, Italian Beppe Croce, American Bob Bavier, Greek Costas Stavridis, British Sir Gordon Smith and German Hans Lubinus was impressed.

Two boats were recommended: [[Engineering:Etchells|Shillalah II]], designed and sailed by US Star class Champion, E. W. "Skip" Etchells, and Soling, the boat referred to as "the undersized entry". Several new boats, a fibreglass Shillalah, also a 5.5 and a Dragon to compare speeds, assembled in Travemünde for the second Trials – this time in what became a moderate air series. Again Shillalah was the big winner, but again Soling finished respectably. This time she was sailed by Per Spilling with Sven Olsen and Linge again as crew. Without comment, the Observation Committee recommended Soling alone; this result passed unanimously through the IYRU meetings. The Soling had become an international class.

The 1968 Games in Mexico were held before the class acquired its Olympic status. Because there was a five-class limit set by the International Olympic Committee, the CPOC had recommended 5.5, Soling, Tempest (its two new boats), FD and Finn – these at the cost of Dragon and Star for the 1972 Olympics. The Permanent Committee was heavily lobbied by Dragon enthusiasts and so dumped the 5.5; in the same process the Star owners forced abandonment of IYRU's Tempest. In April 1969, after this battle, the IOC relieved the pressure on the IYRU by allowing a sixth "event". The IYRU then added the Tempest.

The news of the trials' results not only assured the Soling's status, but stimulated a building spree: three hundred in 1968 and as many or more in 1969. Elvstrøm became the dominant builder in Europe, particularly after he won the first Soling World Championships off Copenhagen in 1969. One of the best American helmsman, George O'Day, was given a license to build for the US market, just as Bill Abbott Sr. (Chief) acquired the Canadian market.

==Present day==
The International Soling Class is still very active. Yearly world, continental and many national championships are organized and well visited. Fleetsracing with more than 40 competing boats are no exception. Local club racing is also very popular in the Soling. Boston, Massachusetts, maintains one of the largest active Soling racing clubs, with competitive racing every week through summer and fall.
[[File:Soling in the Boston Harbor Island Race.jpg|thumb|Soling in Boston Harbor, sailing through Hypocrite Channel]]

==Events==

===Olympics===
 |-
| style="align:center;" | 1972 Kiel <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>Harry Melges<br>William Allen<br>William Bentsen
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Sweden]]&nbsp;Sweden&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(SWE)</span><br>Stig Wennerström<br>Bo Knape<br>Stefan Krook
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Canada.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Canada]]&nbsp;Canada&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(CAN)</span><br>David Miller<br>Paul Côté<br>John Ekels

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1976 Montreal <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Denmark]]&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span><br>Poul Richard Høj Jensen<br>Valdemar Bandolowski<br>Erik Hansen
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>John Kolius<br>Walter Glasgow<br>Richard Hoepfner
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of East Germany.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|East Germany]]&nbsp;East Germany&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GDR)</span><br>Dieter Below<br>Olaf Engelhardt<br>Michael Zachries

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1980 Moscow <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Olympic flag.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Denmark]]&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span><br>Poul Richard Høj Jensen<br>Valdemar Bandolowski<br>Erik Hansen
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1955-1980).svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Soviet Union]]&nbsp;Soviet Union&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(URS)</span><br>Boris Budnikov<br>Alexandr Budnikov<br>Nikolay Poliakov
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Greece.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Greece]]&nbsp;Greece&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GRE)</span><br>Anastasios Bountouris<br>Anastasios Gavrilis<br>Aristidis Rapanakis

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1984 Los Angeles <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>Robbie Haines<br>Rod Davis<br>Ed Trevalyan
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Brazil (1968-1992).svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Brazil]]&nbsp;Brazil&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(BRA)</span><br>Torben Grael<br>Daniel Adler<br>Ronaldo Senfft
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Canada.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Canada]]&nbsp;Canada&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(CAN)</span><br>Hans Fogh<br>Stephen Calder<br>John Kerr

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1988 Seoul <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of East Germany.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|East Germany]]&nbsp;East Germany&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GDR)</span><br>Jochen Schümann<br>Thomas Flach<br>Bernd Jäkel
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>John Kostecki<br>William Baylis<br>Robert Billingham
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Denmark]]&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span><br>Jesper Bank<br>Jan Mathiasen<br>Steen Secher

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1992 Barcelona <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Denmark]]&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span><br>Jesper Bank<br>Steen Secher<br>Jesper Seier
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>Kevin Mahaney<br>Jim Brady<br>Doug Kern
                                     |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Great Britain]]&nbsp;Great Britain&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GBR)</span><br>Lawrie Smith<br>Robert Cruikshank<br>Ossie Stewart

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 1996 Atlanta <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Germany]]&nbsp;Germany&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GER)</span><br>Jochen Schümann<br>Thomas Flach<br>Bernd Jäkel
                                        |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Russia]]&nbsp;Russia&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(RUS)</span><br>Georgy Shayduko<br>Dmitri Shabanov<br>Igor Skalin
                                        |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|United States]]&nbsp;United States&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(USA)</span><br>Jeff Madrigali<br>Jim Barton<br>Kent Massey

  |-
| style="align:center;" | 2000 Sydney <br><span class="noprint" style="font-size:90%; font-style:italic;">details</span> 
  |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Denmark]]&nbsp;Denmark&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(DEN)</span><br>Jesper Bank<br>Henrik Blakskjær<br>Thomas Jacobsen
                                        |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Germany.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Germany]]&nbsp;Germany&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(GER)</span><br>Jochen Schümann<br>Gunnar Bahr<br>Ingo Borkowski
                                        |style="vertical-align:top;"|[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|22x20px|border|alt=|link=|Norway]]&nbsp;Norway&nbsp;<span style="font-size:90%;">(NOR)</span><br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|-
 ! style="text-align:left;" colspan=4|Reference:<ref name=olympicgames group=fn>{{cite web |title=Sailing: Olympic Games: Soling |url=http://sports123.com/sai/oo-sol.html |website=Sports 123}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Pan American Games===
|-
|1979 [[Place:San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]]
|{{USA}} (US)
|{{BRA}} (BL)
|{{CAN}} (KC)
|-
|1983 [[Place:Caracas|Caracas]]
|{{BRA}} (BL)
|{{CAN}} (KC)
|{{USA}} (US)
|-
|1987 [[Place:Indianapolis|Indianapolis]]
|{{USA}} (US)
|{{CAN}} (KC)
|{{BRA}} (BL)
|-
 ! style="text-align:left;" colspan=4|Reference:<ref name=panamerican group=fn>{{cite web |title=Sailing: Pan American Games: Soling (open) |url=http://sports123.com/sai/opa-sol.html |website=Sports 123 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218123504/http://sports123.com/sai/opa-sol.html |archivedate=18 February 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|}

===World Champions===

==== Fleet racing<ref>[http://sports123.com/sai/ow-sol.html World champions fleet racing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625155609/http://sports123.com/sai/ow-sol.html |date=2009-06-25 }}</ref> ====

====Match racing (Infanta Cristina)====

|-
|1995 Kingston
|{{GBR}} (GBR)<br>Stuart Childerley
|{{NOR}} (NOR)<br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|{{DEN}} (DEN)<br>Stig Westergaard<br>Jens Bojsen Møller<br>Bjørn Westergaard
|-
|1996 Cadiz
|{{SWE}} (SWE)<br>Magnus Holmberg<br>Björn Alm<br>Johan Barne
|{{DEN}} (DEN)<br>Stig Westergaard<br>Jens Bojsen-Møller<br>Bjørn Westergaard
|{{FRA}} (DEN)<br>Marc Bouet
|-
|1998 Kralingen
|{{GER}} (GER)<br>Jochen Schümann <br>Gunnar Bahr <br>Ingo Borkowski
|{{NOR}} (NOR)<br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|{{AUS}} (AUS)<br>Neville Wittey
|-
|1999 [[Place:Melbourne|Melbourne]]
|{{SWE}} (SWE)<br>Hans Wallen <br>M. Augustsson <br>Johan Barne
|{{USA}} (USA)<br>Jeff Madrigali<br>Jim Hartwell<br>Chris Healy
|{{NED}} (NED)<br>Roy Heiner <br>Peter Van Niekerk <br>Dirk de Ridder
|-
|2000 Cadiz
|{{DEN}} (DEN)<br>Jesper Bank<br>Henrik Blakskjær<br>Thomas Jacobsen
|{{FRA}} (FRA)<br>Philippe Presti
|{{GBR}} (GBR)<br>Andy Beadsworth <br>Barry Parkin <br>Mason
|-
 ! style="text-align:left;" colspan=4|Reference:<ref name=sailing.org group=fn>[http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp World Champions Match racing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023443/http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp |date=2009-01-06 }}</ref> 
|-
|}

===Continental Championships<ref name=sailing.org22 group=fn>[http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp Continental Champions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106023443/http://www2.sailing.org/isafcal/calsearch.asp |date=2009-01-06 }}</ref>===

====European Fleetrace Champions<ref name=eurochamps group=fn>[http://sports123.com/sai/oe-sol.html Sports 123: Sailing: European Championships: Soling<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625155951/http://sports123.com/sai/oe-sol.html |date=2009-06-25 }}</ref>====

====European Matchrace Championship<ref name="soling.com" group=fn>[http://www.soling.com/indexmore.asp?Seccion=Events&Evento=Search "ISA – International Soling Class -"<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>====
|-
|31 May - 2 June 1993 Kralingen
|{{NOR}} (NOR)<br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|Input needed
|Input needed
|-
|1994
|
|
|
|-
|1995 Torbay
|{{GBR}} (GBR)<br>Andy Beadsworth
|{{NOR}} (NOR)<br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|{{GBR}} (GBR)<br>Stuart Childerley
|-
|1996
|
|
|
|-
|1997 St. Gilgen
|{{GER}} (GER)<br>Jochen Schümann <br>Gunnar Bahr <br>Ingo Borkowski
|{{UKR}} (UKR)<br>Sergey Pichuguin<br>Dmitriy Yarovoy<br>Sergey Timokhov
|{{NOR}} (NOR)<br>Herman Horn Johannessen<br>Paul Davis<br>Espen Stokkeland
|-
|1998 Torbole
|{{GER}} (GER)<br>Jochen Schümann <br>Gunnar Bahr <br>Ingo Borkowski
|{{ESP}} (ESP)<br>Luis Doreste<br>Domingo Manrique<br>David Vera
|{{UKR}} (UKR)<br>Sergey Pichuguin<br>Volodimir Korotkov<br>Sergey Timokhov
|-
|1999
|
|
|
|-
|2000
|
|
|
|}
====North American Championship<ref name=northamerican group=fn>[http://sports123.com/sai/ona-sol.html Sports 123: Sailing: North American Championships: Soling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625160919/http://sports123.com/sai/ona-sol.html |date=2009-06-25 }}</ref>,<ref>http://soling.com</ref>====

====South American Championship<ref name="soling.com" group=fn/>====

===Vintage Yachting Games===
|-
|2008 Medemblik
   |{{NED}} (NED)<br/>Rudy den Outer<br/>Leo Determan<br/>Ronald den Arend
   |20px Wildcard (NCO)<br/>Steven Bakker<br/>Sven Koster<br/>Joost Houweling
   |{{GER}} (GER)<br/>Holger Weichert<br/>Laurent Scheel<br/>Martin Setzkorn
|-
|2012 Lake Como
   |{{UKR}} (UKR)<br/>Igor Yushko<br/>Sergiy Pichugin<br/>Dmitriy Yarmolenka
   |{{NED}} (NED)<br/>Rudy den Outer<br/>Gavin Lidlow<br/>Ramzi Souli
   |{{AUT}} (AUT)<br/>Peter Neumann<br/>Rudolf Rager<br/>Rudolf Hubauer
|-
|2018 [[Place:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]]
   |{{NED}} (NED)<br/>Rudy den Outer<br/>Theo de Lange<br/>Gabor Helmhout
   |{{CAN}} (CAN)<br/>Peter W. Hall<br/>Johan Offermans (NED)<br/>Gord de Vries
   |{{UKR}} (UKR)<br/>Igor Yushko<br/>Sergiy Pichugin<br/>Sergiy Ivansits
|-
|}

===National Championships===

==Class association==
The International Soling Association, ISA, was founded as soon as the Soling became an International class in 1967. Originally an "Owners Club" became a very self-supporting organization who provided great support for the whole Soling community and guarded the Soling one-design during her Olympic tour of duty as well as in the present time.<ref name=classassoc group=fn>[http://www.soling.com/indexmore.asp?Seccion=General%20Information&Evento=Comite&Lengua=English ISA]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|group=fn|refs =

<ref name="NAC">{{cite web | editor1-first=Matias | editor1-last=Collins | editor1-link=Matias Collins | url=http://www.soling.com/results/ShowResults.asp?ID=1132 | title=North American Championship / CORK, Kingston 07/08/2019 To 11/08/2019. / Rk=1.5 | publisher=International Soling Association | accessdate=16 October 2019 | language=EN | website=soling.com}}</ref>

<ref name="DPN">{{cite web | url=https://www.ussailing.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-Portsmouth-Precalculated-Classes.pdf | title=PRECALCULATED D-PN HANDICAPS KEELBOAT CLASSES | publisher=US Sailing | accessdate=11 November 2019 | language=EN | website=www.ussailing.org}}</ref>

<ref name="RYA">{{cite web | url=http://www.benfleetyachtclub.org/files/Portsmouth_HC/2004_PY_Keelboat_Handicaps.pdf | title=The RYA Portsmouth Yardstick Number List for 2004 | publisher=Royal Yachting Association | accessdate=17 September 2012 | language=EN | website=www.benfleetyachtclub.org}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
* [http://www.soling.com Website of the International Soling Association]
* [http://www.solingworlds.com Soling Class World Championship Page]
* [http://www.solingeuropeans.com Soling Class European Championship Page]

===Licensed Builders===
* [http://www.borresen.com Soling Class Borresen licensed builder Page]
* [http://www.abbottboats.com Soling Class Abbott licensed builder Page]


[[Category:Keelboats]]

{{Sourceattribution|Soling|1}}