View source for Engineering:Tesla Supercharger

{{short description|Network of fast-charging stations}}
[[File:Wittenburg - Supercharger - 2021.jpg|thumb|Tesla Supercharger station (V3) with ten charging posts]]

'''Tesla Supercharger''' is an electric vehicle DC fast-charging network built by American vehicle manufacturer [[Company:Tesla, Inc.|Tesla, Inc.]]

<!-- This paragraph is excerpted on the main Tesla, Inc. page -->
The Supercharger network was introduced on September 24, 2012, as the Tesla Model S entered production, with six sites in California, Nevada, and Arizona.<!-- <ref name="solar" /> --> {{As of|2024|1}}, Tesla operates a network of 6,000 Supercharger stations with nearly 55,000 connectors. The stations are primarily deployed in three regions: Asia Pacific (over 2,400), North America (over 2,300), and Europe (over 1,100). Superchargers supply [[Physics:Electric power|electric power]] at between 72&nbsp;kilowatts (kW) and 250&nbsp;kW, with the maximum amount increasing over the years as the company improves its technology.
<!-- This paragraph is excerpted on the main Tesla, Inc. page -->

Usage is typically billed by the energy consumed during charging.<!-- <ref name="auto" /> --> Idle fees can be charged to customers who remain plugged in after charging has been completed to discourage loitering.<!-- <ref name="idlefee20161216" /> -->

== Technology ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! Version !! class="unsortable" | Image !! Max power !! Features / Notes
|-
! V1
| [[File:Tesla-type-2-supercharger-overview-1002.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3]]
| 100&nbsp;kW
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Plainlist|
* Power output is reduced when another vehicle is plugged into the neighboring, paired charger.
}}
|-
! V2
| [[File:Tesla charging station (22569870177).jpg|frameless|upright=0.3]]
| 125&nbsp;kW–150&nbsp;kW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Plainlist|
* Power output is reduced when another vehicle is plugged into the neighboring, paired charger.
* Power output upgraded from original 120&nbsp;kW via software updates.
}}
|-
! Urban
| [[File:Tesla Urban Supercharger (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.3]]
| 72&nbsp;kW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Plainlist|
* Smaller form factor, lower power device for urban installations.
}}
|-
! V3
| [[File:Tesla Supercharger station, West Hillsdale Blvd, San Mateo 4.jpg|frameless|upright=0.3]]
| 250&nbsp;kW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Plainlist|
* Equipped with a thinner, lighter cable that uses liquid cooling.<!-- ref name="O'Kane 2019" -->
* Some chargers in North America equipped with "Magic Dock" CCS adapter for charging non-Tesla vehicles.
}}
|-
! V4
| [[File:Tesla V4 Supercharger (cropped).jpg|frameless|upright=0.3]]
| 250&nbsp;kW
| style="text-align:left;" |{{Plainlist|
* Equipped with a longer cable and credit card reader for charging non-Tesla vehicles.
* North American chargers equipped with "Magic Dock" CCS adapter.
* Chargers currently limited to 250 kW but can support higher power output with future changes.<!-- ref name="Ricker 2023" -->
}}
|}

[[File:Tesla charging station with solar collector trimmed.jpeg|thumb|Supercharger station in Lebec, California with solar canopy from Tesla Energy.]]

Tesla typically places Superchargers near major highways at locations with amenities for drivers, such as restrooms, restaurants, and shopping.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reynolds |first=Kim |date=September 25, 2012 |title=Tesla Supercharger: An In-Depth Look |work=Motor Trend |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/tesla-supercharger-an-in-depth-look/ |access-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref> Some sites also have solar canopies and Megapacks<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/first-known-tesla-v4-supercharger-with-solar-panels-and-megapack-is-coming-to-arizona |title=First Known Tesla V4 Supercharger with Solar Panels & Megapack Is Coming to Arizona |first=Eva |last=Fox |work=Tesmanian |date=September 12, 2022 |access-date=January 11, 2024}}</ref> installed by Tesla Energy to offset energy use and provide drivers with protection from the elements.<ref name="solar">{{Cite press release|title=Tesla Motors Launches Revolutionary Supercharger Enabling Convenient Long Distance Driving|url=https://ir.tesla.com/press-release/tesla-motors-launches-revolutionary-supercharger-enabling|website=ir.tesla.com|date=September 24, 2012|access-date=February 5, 2021|language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102023608/https://ir.tesla.com/press-release/tesla-motors-launches-revolutionary-supercharger-enabling |archive-date=November 2, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><!-- unclear how widespread this is, and a single source from 2020 certainly cannot support much about Superchargers at the beginning of 2024 -->

[[File:Tesla Greenwich North Supercharger Station.JPG|thumb|When both pairs of this V1 Tesla Supercharger station stalls (A and B) are occupied, they share the available power of up to 150&nbsp;kW combined.]]

The original V1 and V2 Tesla supercharging stations were built with a single charger equipment cabinet shared between two charge posts. Because of this arrangement, if two cars are connected, and both request the maximum power available (100 kW for V1 and 150 kW for V2), the charger will only deliver half the maximum power.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gold |first=Aaron |date=May 26, 2016 |title=As Tesla Sales Grow, Can Superchargers Keep Up? |url=http://www.consumerreports.org/tesla/tesla-superchargers-model-3/ |access-date=March 6, 2017 |website=Consumer Reports |quote=each Supercharger port supplies two outlets, and when both outlets are in use the charging slows down.}}</ref>

As an alternative to the Supercharger, in 2015, Tesla briefly implemented a [[Engineering:Battery swapping|battery swapping]] station at Harris Ranch in California. The [[Engineering:Tesla battery station|Tesla battery station]] performed few swaps, with most Tesla owners preferring to recharge their vehicles' batteries instead.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ziegler, Chris |date=June 9, 2015 |title=Tesla sounds ready to pull the plug on promised battery-swap technology |work=[[The Verge]] |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/9/8754667/tesla-elon-musk-battery-swap-fail |access-date=August 2, 2023}}</ref>

"Urban" Supercharger posts were introduced in September 2017. These more compact posts have a maximum power delivery of 72{{nbsp}}kW but do not share equipment with other posts, allowing the maximum power to be delivered. These more compact posts are primarily deployed in urban areas such as shopping malls, parking lots, and garages.<ref name="insideevs">{{Cite news |last=Cole |first=Jay |date=September 11, 2017 |title=Tesla Urban Supercharger – Compact 72 kW Stations Designed For City Centers |work=Inside EVs |url=https://insideevs.com/tesla-urban-supercharger-compact-72-kw-stations-designed-for-city-centers/ |access-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Kane, Sean |date=September 11, 2017 |title=Tesla reveals smaller Supercharger stations made for cities |work=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/9/11/16287606/tesla-city-supercharger-stations-charging |access-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref>

V3 stations were introduced in 2019 and could deliver up to 250 kW. For V3 stations, four posts share a 1,000 kW charger equipment cabinet, allowing each to deliver the maximum power regardless of nearby charging sessions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heisler |first=Yoni |date=July 20, 2019 |title=Tesla's next-gen Supercharger can add 75 miles of range in just 5 minutes |url=https://bgr.com/2019/07/20/tesla-supercharger-v3-range-model-3/ |website=BGR |language=en}}</ref> The V3 charge posts use a liquid-cooled cable which allows the cable to be thinner and lighter while delivering more power.<ref name="O'Kane 2019">{{Cite news |last=O'Kane |first=Sean |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Tesla launches faster third generation Supercharger |work=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/6/18253618/tesla-supercharger-250kw-v3-specs-location |access-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lane |first=Catherine |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Tesla Superchargers: super fast and super convenient |work=SolarReviews |url=https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/tesla-supercharger-guide |access-date=July 7, 2023}}</ref>

Tesla introduced mobile Supercharger stations in 2019 with several urban supercharger posts and a [[Engineering:Tesla Megapack|Tesla Megapack]] energy storage system mounted on a [[Engineering:Semi-trailer truck|semi-trailer truck]]. These stations provide temporary stations for nearby events, expand capacity during peak travel seasons, or can be deployed when a station needs to be taken offline. The Megapack can charge up to 100 vehicles before being depleted.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2019 |title=Tesla Rolls Out (Literally) 100-Car Portable Superchargers For Holiday Carmageddon |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/11/28/tesla-rolls-out-literally-100-car-portable-superchargers-for-holiday-carmageddon/ |access-date=December 3, 2019 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref>

V4 charging posts began to roll out in early 2023 and have longer cables for charging vehicles from other automakers.<ref name="Ricker 2023">{{Cite news |last=Ricker |first=Thomas |date=April 19, 2023 |title=Tesla's newest Supercharger easily accommodates any brand of EV in Europe |language=en-US |work=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/4/19/23689247/tesla-v4-supercharger-ev-first-specs-rollout |access-date=August 12, 2023}}</ref> The charging posts have a credit card reader allowing non-Tesla owners to charge without downloading the Tesla app.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1745519968064823613 |user=MarcoRPi1 |title=Tesla V4 Supercharger Post datasheet |date=January 11, 2024 |access-date=January 19, 2024}}</ref> They are also capable of supporting up to 615&nbsp;kW of power delivery; however, they are currently software limited to 250&nbsp;kW.<ref name="Ricker 2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kothari |first=Suvrat |date=November 20, 2023 |title=Tesla V4 Supercharger Adds 40% Battery Range In 10 Minutes |url=https://insideevs.com/news/697139/tesla-v4-supercharger-atlanta-georgia/ |access-date=November 22, 2023 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref>

=== Connectors and interoperability ===
[[File:World Map of Tesla Plug Types.svg|thumb|right|Distribution of the plug standards used by Tesla superchargers worldwide. {{Legend|#e69f00|NACS}}{{Legend|#56b4e9|CCS2}} {{Legend|#cc79a7|GB/T}}]]

Tesla began installing a "Magic Dock" at some locations in February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Darryn |date=February 24, 2023 |title=Tesla installs more Magic Docks, this time in California |url=https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-installs-more-magic-docks-this-time-in-california/ |access-date=March 1, 2023 |website=Drive Tesla |language=en-US}}</ref> The dock holds a NACS to CCS adapter. When a NACS-equipped vehicle driver uses the charger, they remove the NACS connector from the docked adapter. When a CCS-equipped vehicle driver reserves a charger via the Tesla [[Mobile app|mobile app]], the Magic Dock releases the NACS to CCS adapter. The "magic" is that the adapter always remains captive – either locked in the dock on the charger (when the NACS connector is available to be used) or locked onto the NACS connector (when the CCS adapter is available to be used).<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Tesla Supercharging Station With "Magic Dock" Spotted In New York |url=https://insideevs.com/news/654222/first-tesla-supercharging-magic-dock-ccs1/ |access-date=March 1, 2023 |website=InsideEVs |language=en}}</ref> The "Magic Dock" will allow Tesla to share in the $7.5&nbsp;billion U.S. federal government incentives to build out CCS-equipped charging infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jin, Hyunjoo |last2=Renshaw, Jarrett |date=February 15, 2023 |title=Tesla to open U.S. charging network to rivals in $7.5 bln federal program |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/tesla-open-us-charging-network-rivals-75-bln-federal-program-white-house-2023-02-15/ |access-date=February 21, 2023}}</ref>

[[File:TeslaV2DualCable.jpg|thumb|right|European V2 charger with dual cables, a [[Engineering:Type 2 connector|Type 2 connector]] and (plugged in) CCS2]]

In November 2018, under pressure from European regulators, Tesla announced that it would begin using the [[Engineering:Type 2 connector|CCS2]] charging standard, adding the inlets to new vehicles, offering adapters to existing vehicle owners and adding CCS2 connectors to Superchargers.<ref name="Move to CCS">{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2018 |title=Model 3 – Combined Charging System 2 (Combo 2) |url=https://www.tesla.com/en_GB/support/model-3-charging |access-date=November 22, 2018 |website=tesla.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Charging infrastructure |url=http://www.din.de/en/innovation-and-research/electromobility/charging-infrastructure |access-date=March 21, 2017 |publisher=DIN e. V.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kane |first=Mark |date=May 17, 2021 |title=Analysis: Tesla Model 3 Charges Faster At CCS2 Than Supercharger |url=https://insideevs.com/news/507489/tesla-model3-charging-faster-ccs2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518140940/https://insideevs.com/news/507489/tesla-model3-charging-faster-ccs2/ |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |website=InsideEVs |language=en |quote=in the 20% to 80% SOC window, the CCS2 appears to be roughly 5-10% quicker <!--Ionity/FastNed-->}}</ref>

In China, Tesla equips its vehicles and Superchargers with the GB/T charging standard (an abbreviation of "GuoBiao/TuiJian", translated as "recommended national standard").<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2020 |title=GB Standards in China: What Exporters Must Know |url=https://www.export2asia.com/blog/gb-standards-china/ |access-date=August 15, 2023 |website=Export2Asia |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Network ==
The average number of Tesla cars per Supercharger stall was 34 in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://electrek.co/2016/08/17/tesla-supercharger-network-growth-data-model-3/ |title=Tesla now has 34 vehicles in its fleet for each Supercharger – A look at the network's growth ahead of the Model 3 |first=Fred |last=Lambert |work=Electrek |date=August 17, 2016 |access-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://teslamotorsclub.com/tmc/threads/tesla-supercharger-stats.75640/ |title=Tesla Supercharger Stats|work=Tesla Motors Club |date=August 16, 2016 |access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> As of September 2023, Tesla bids building its chargers at about half the cost of its competitors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hiller |first=Jennifer |date=September 2, 2023 |title=Tesla Leads Race to Draw Federal Money for Charging Networks |url=https://www.wsj.com/business/autos/tesla-leads-race-to-draw-federal-money-for-charging-networks-85a058dd |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> Cost estimates per station range from US$100,000 in 2013<ref>{{cite web|url= https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/26/inside-teslas-supercharger-partner-program-the-costs-and-commitments-of-electrifying-road-transport/ |title=Inside Tesla's Supercharger Partner Program: The Costs And Commitments Of Electrifying Road Transport |first= Darrell |last=Etherington |date=July 26, 2013 |publisher=AOL|work=TechCrunch |access-date=March 6, 2017 |quote=The cost for Tesla is between $100,000 and $175,000 depending on the station <!--mirror http://insideevs.com/tech-crunch-what-it-takes-to-be-a-tesla-supercharger-partner/ -->}}</ref> to US$270,000 in 2015, depending on the number of stalls and other circumstances<!--amount of charge points in a station-->.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://ark-invest.com/research/supercharger-cost-comparison |title=Supercharger: It Could Cost Half the Price of Gas |date=July 11, 2016 |first= Tasha |last=Keeney |work=ARK Investment Management|access-date=March 6, 2017 |quote=E-mail correspondence with Jeff Evanson from Tesla in May of 2015}}</ref> Tesla estimates that station equipment lasts 12 years.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318605/000119312515017866/filename1.htm |title=Letter to the SEC, File No. 001-34756|publisher=Tesla |date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2017 }}</ref>

Most car charging occurs at home or work, a situation that Tesla has compared to cell phone charging.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170114105609/https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation |title= Home charging installation |publisher= Tesla |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-date=January 14, 2017 |url-status= live |date= November 18, 2014 }}</ref> {{asof|2014}},<!--update--> less than 10% of charging came from Superchargers.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://insideevs.com/share-of-supercharged-miles-for-tesla-model-s-increased-from-5-to-8/ |title=Share of Supercharged Miles For Tesla Model S Increased From 5% to 8% |first1=Mark |last1=Kane|date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=March 6, 2017 }}</ref> 

For 2021, Tesla states the network had 99.96% uptime (at least 50% daily capacity) and its power was 100% renewable (through solar power on-site and through purchasing electricity which was matched to renewable generation.)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Alex |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Which EV Charging Network Uses the Most Renewable Energy? |url=https://www.makeuseof.com/which-ev-charging-network-uses-most-renewable-energy/ |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=MUO |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lemonde |first=Anthony |date=May 10, 2022 |title=The Tesla Supercharging Network is Becoming More Reliable |url=https://motorillustrated.com/the-tesla-supercharging-network-is-becoming-more-reliable/98327/ |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=Motor Illustrated |language=en-CA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Axelrod |first=Travis |date=May 26, 2022 |title=Impact Report 2021 |url=https://www.tesla.com/ns_videos/2021-tesla-impact-report.pdf |access-date=November 1, 2022 |website=Tesla |page=69}}</ref>

=== Costs ===
Unlimited supercharging for life is free for all Model S and Model X cars that were ordered before January 15, 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2017/01/01/tesla-unlimited-supercharging/ |title=Tesla is extending unlimited Supercharging for cars ordered in the next 2 weeks|last=Lambert|first=Fred |date=January 1, 2017|work=Electrek |access-date=January 1, 2017}}</ref> or between August 2, 2019<ref name="Capparella">{{Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a28608535/tesla-free-supercharging-model-s-x/ |title=Tesla Brings Back Free Supercharging in Attempt to Boost Model S and Model X Sales|last=Capparella|first=Joey |date=August 5, 2019|website=Car and Driver|language=en-US|access-date=March 30, 2020}}</ref> and May 26, 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Fred |date=May 27, 2020|title=Tesla removes free Supercharging on Model S and Model X|url=https://electrek.co/2020/05/27/tesla-removes-free-supercharging-model-s-x/ |access-date=June 11, 2020|website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> or for vehicles that were purchased using a referral code during specific periods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/21/15671752/tesla-owners-supercharger-free-referral-code |title=New Tesla owners can now get free charging with a referral code|last=Liptak|first=Andrew |date=May 21, 2017|website=The Verge|access-date=June 2, 2017}}</ref>

Model S and Model X cars that were ordered between January 15, 2017, and November 2, 2018, received 400 kWh (about {{convert|1000|mi|km|abbr=out |disp=or|sigfig=2}}) of free Supercharging credits per year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging |title=Supercharging|date=January 6, 2015 |website=www.tesla.com|access-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> Once those credits are used, supercharging has a fee.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tesla.com/blog/update-our-supercharging-program/ |title=An Update to Our Supercharging Program|date=November 7, 2016 |work=Tesla Motors|access-date=November 7, 2016}}</ref>

Other than the above situations, Tesla Model S and Model X cars purchased between November 2, 2018, and August 2, 2019, and all Model 3 and Model Y cars purchased at any time do not receive supercharging credits.<ref name="Capparella" /> Any charges are automatically billed to the Tesla account the car is associated with or to the credit card on file for that account.

== Deployment ==
{{As of|2024|1}}, Tesla operates a network of 6,000 Supercharger stations with nearly 55,000 connectors The network is primarily deployed in three regions: Asia Pacific (over 2,400 stations), North America (over 2,300), and Europe (over 1,100).<ref name=tesla202307>{{Cite web |title=Supercharger deployment charts |url=https://supercharge.info/charts |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=Supercharge.info}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+ class="nowrap" | Tesla Global Supercharger Count
|-
! Year !! Stations !! Annual<br />growth !! Connectors !! Annual<br />growth !! Source
|-
| 2012 || 7 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref name="Supercharger.info 2012">{{cite web |url=https://supercharge.info/charts |title=Supercharge.info Open Superchargers as of Dec 21, 2012|access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || 63 || 800% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://supercharge.info/charts |title=Supercharge.info Open Superchargers as of Dec 31, 2013|access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || 380 || 503% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data//1318605/000156459015001031/tsla-10k_20141231.htm |title=Tesla Inc. 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014|access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || 584 || 54% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data//1318605/000156459016013195/tsla-10k_20151231.htm |title=Tesla Inc. 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015|access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || 790 || 35% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data//1318605/000156459017003118/tsla-10k_20161231.htm |title=Tesla Inc. 10-K For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016|access-date=February 5, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || 1,128 || 43% || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/MHQG34_TSLA_Update_Letter_2017-4Q_WKPHOV.pdf |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2017 Update |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || 1,421 || 26% || 12,002 || {{n/a}} || <ref name="Tesla 2018_Q4 Update">{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/EZIPHG_TSLA_Update_Letter_2018-4Q_QAMHLO.pdf |title=Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2018 Update |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || 1,821 || 28% || 16,104 || 34% || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/O7WXQA_TSLA_Update_Letter_2019-4Q_BPWOH4.pdf |title=Tesla Q4 and FY2019 Update |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || 2,564 || 41% || 23,277 || 45% || <ref name="Tesla 2020_Q4 Update">{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/1LRLZK_2020_Q4_Quarterly_Update_Deck_-_Searchable_LVA2GL.pdf |title=Tesla Q4 and FY2020 Update |access-date=January 30, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || 3,476 || 36% || 31,498 || 35% || <ref name="Tesla 2021_Q4 Update">{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/WIIG2L_TSLA_Q4_2021_Update_O7MYNE.pdf |title=Tesla Q4 and FY2021 Update |access-date=January 27, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || 4,678 || 35% || 42,419 || 35% || <ref name="Tesla 2022_Q4 Update">{{cite web |url=https://tesla-cdn.thron.com/static/SVCPTV_2022_Q4_Quarterly_Update_6UDS97.pdf |title=Tesla Q4 and FY2022 Update |access-date=March 3, 2023}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|5,952
|27%
|54,892
|29%
|<ref name="Q4 2023 Shareholder Deck3">{{Cite web |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Q4 2023 Shareholder Deck |url=https://digitalassets.tesla.com/tesla-contents/image/upload/IR/TSLA-Q4-2023-Update.pdf |access-date=January 24, 2024 |website=Tesla, Inc.}}</ref>
|}

=== North America ===
[[File:Charging Tesla Model S 01.jpg|thumb|[[Engineering:Tesla Model S|Tesla Model S]] charging at a Supercharger V1 stall in Newark, Delaware.]]
[[File:Tesla 50000th Supercharger (cropped).jpg|thumb|50,000th Supercharger stall in Roseville, California, with a commemorative plaque and in Ultra Red color.]]

The first Superchargers in the world opened in 2012 in the United States. Six stations were deployed along Interstate 5 in California, enabling trips from {{wipe|Los Angeles}} and {{wipe|San Francisco}}, and two stations deployed along Interstate 95, enabling trips between Boston and Washington DC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Witt |first=Daniel |date=October 2015 |title=Tesla Motors Presentation to the California Transportation Commission – Supercharger Expansion |url=http://www.catc.ca.gov/meetings/agenda/2015Agenda/2015-10/Pinks%20and%20Presentations/Tab_13_4.13%28Tesla%29.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822004825/http://www.catc.ca.gov/meetings/agenda/2015Agenda/2015-10/Pinks%20and%20Presentations/Tab_13_4.13(Tesla).pdf |archive-date=August 22, 2016 |website=Tesla |page=13}}</ref><ref name=TeslaInitialSuperstations20130623>{{cite web |title=Tesla Superstation locations |url=http://www.tesla.com/supercharger |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=June 23, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121124081536/http://www.teslamotors.com/supercharger |archive-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> By mid-July 2013, 15 stations were open across the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tesla Superstation locations |url=http://www.tesla.com/supercharger |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708011909/http://www.teslamotors.com/supercharger |archive-date=July 8, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> The stations were developed and mass constructed in cooperation with Black & Veatch.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bv.com/our-work/partnering-tesla-construct-largest-contiguous-electric-vehicle-charging-system-world |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161225153343/https://www.bv.com/Projects/tesla-electric-vehicle-charging-system |title= Tesla Supercharger – Electric Vehicle Charging System |publisher= Black & Veatch |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-date=December 25, 2016 |url-status= live |date= November 18, 2016 }}</ref>

Supercharging stations were available in Canada along Ontario Highway 401 and Quebec Autoroute 20 corridor between Toronto and {{wipe|Montreal}} by 2014.<ref name="Sorensen">{{cite news|url=http://www.macleans.ca/2013/07/24/a-morning-with-teslas-model-s/|title=A morning with Tesla's Model S|last=Sorensen|first=Chris |date=July 24, 2013 |work=Maclean's |access-date=July 29, 2013}}</ref>

The initial network was built in high-traffic corridors across North America, followed by networks in Europe and Asia in the second half of 2013. The first Supercharger corridor in the US opened with free access in October 2012. This corridor included six stations placed along routes connecting San Francisco, [[Earth:Lake Tahoe|Lake Tahoe]], Los Angeles, and Las Vegas.<ref name=GCC092512>{{cite web |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/09/tesla-20120925.html |title=Tesla launches first six Supercharger locations; 100 kW charging, with 120&nbsp;kW in future |author=Tesla Press Release |work=Green Car Congress |date=September 25, 2012 |access-date=December 23, 2012}}</ref><ref name=HC121012>{{cite web |url=http://www.hybridcars.com/tesla-superchargers-open-october-19-53925/ |title=First Tesla Superchargers Open October 19 |first=Jeff |last=Cobb |publisher=HybridCars.com |date=October 12, 2012 |access-date=December 23, 2012}}</ref> A second corridor was opened in December 2012 along the Northeast megalopolis, connecting Washington, DC, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City and Boston. This corridor includes three stations in highway rest areas, one in Delaware and two adjacent ones in Connecticut.<ref name=NYT122112>{{cite news |url= http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/21/tesla-begins-east-cost-fast-charging-corridor/?ref=automobiles |title=Tesla Begins East Coast Fast-Charging Corridor |first=Jim |last=Motavalli |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=December 23, 2012}}</ref>

According to Musk, "...we expect all of the United States to be covered by the end of next year [2013]". He also said that early Tesla owners' use of the network would be free forever.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/13/at-teslas-party-superchargers-and-delivery-dates/ |title=At Tesla's Party, Superchargers and Delivery Dates |first=Jim |last=Motavalli |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=December 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402165129/http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/13/at-teslas-party-superchargers-and-delivery-dates/ |archive-date=April 2, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Europe ===
[[File:Tesla Supercharger Stations - Germany - A9 - 2014.jpg|thumb|Tesla Supercharger station at a Bundesautobahn 9 rest stop near Münchberg, Germany.]]

In early 2015, the first European Supercharger was upgraded with a 'solar canopy' (a carport with solar cells on the roof) in Køge, Denmark.<ref name=koge2015>{{cite news |first=Martin |last= Rasmussen |title=Køge styrkes som trafikknudepunkt |url=http://www.lokalavisen.dk/migration/2015-02-04/-K%C3%B8ge-styrkes-som-trafikknudepunkt-1176634.html |website=www.lokalavisen.dk |date=February 4, 2015|language=da |trans-title= Køge strengthened as traffic hub|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303125410/http://www.lokalavisen.dk/migration/2015-02-04/-K%C3%B8ge-styrkes-som-trafikknudepunkt-1176634.html |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the person responsible for Tesla's Superchargers in the [[Place:Nordic countries|Nordic countries]], Christian Marcus, the 12-stall <!--24 as of 2019--> Supercharger in Køge has {{cvt|300|m2|sqft|round=5}} solar cells with a projected annual production of about 40{{nbsp}}MWh and is <!--as of 2018--> equipped with its own battery bank for temporary storage of excess production. Unlike most other European Supercharger stations, Tesla has bought the land on which the Køge Supercharger stands.<ref name=ing>{{cite web |url=http://ing.dk/artikel/tesla-goer-koege-til-knudepunkt-hurtigopladning-171458 |title=Tesla gør Køge til knudepunkt for hurtigopladning |first=Bjørn |last=Godske |publisher=Ingeniøren |date=October 12, 2014 |access-date=February 5, 2015 |trans-title=Tesla makes Køge center for supercharging |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201142900/https://ing.dk/artikel/tesla-goer-koege-til-knudepunkt-hurtigopladning-171458 |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On April 26, 2016, Kostomłoty became the first charger to open in Poland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://supercharge.info/?Center=51.036946,16.583294&Zoom=9 |title=supercharge.info |access-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref> Tesla opened a [[Engineering:Electrical grid|grid-connected]]<!--not diesel--> 2-stall Supercharger at Nürburgring in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bruce |first1=Chris |title=Tesla Installs Supercharger At 'Ring To 'Refuel' Test Cars [UPDATE] |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/371593/tesla-diesel-generator-nurburgring-record/ |website=Motor1.com |language=en |date=September 18, 2019}}</ref> There are a few privately operated Supercharger stations such as the one opened on April 27, 2016, in Zarechye, Russia, with 3 stalls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://supercharge.info/?Center=55.695089,37.380206&Zoom=9 |title=supercharge.info |access-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, the European Supercharger network was planned to allow a Model S to drive from the [[Earth:North Cape (Norway)|North Cape]] (near [https://www.tesla.com/findus/location/supercharger/Honningsvagnosupercharger Honningsvåg]) in Norway to Istanbul or [[Place:Lisbon|Lisbon]].<ref name=ing /> {{As of|August 2023}}, there are Supercharger stations in or near both Istanbul<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tesla.com/findus/location/supercharger/289308 |title= Istanbul Asia, Turkiye |website=tesla.com |access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> and Lisbon.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tesla.com/findus/location/supercharger/alcacerdosalsupercharger |title= Alcacer do Sal, Portugal |website=tesla.com |access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref> The map of current and planned sites<ref name="Supercharger Map">{{cite web |title=Supercharger Map |url=https://www.plugshare.com/map/supercharger |publisher=PlugShare |access-date=September 2, 2020}}</ref> includes every European Union country except Malta and [[Place:Cyprus|Cyprus]], and represents all of the countries in the world in the top 10 of [[Engineering:Electric car use by country|electric vehicle adoption rates]].<ref name="findus20170829">{{cite web |title=Find Us |url=https://www.tesla.com/findus#/bounds/41.9315731,-87.91819900000002,41.8586499,-87.96918089999997,d?search=supercharger |publisher=Tesla Motors |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160730130951/https://www.tesla.com/findus |archive-date=July 30, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><!--update if the map at "Find Us" changes. The map is located at [https://www.tesla.com/findus] -->

Tesla started testing the charging of non-Tesla cars in the Netherlands in 2021 and in Norway in early 2022 on 15 large uncongested stations with CCS2.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/11/1/22757159/tesla-supercharge-ev-pilot-netherlands |title=Tesla is letting non-Tesla EVs use its Supercharger network for the first time |date=2021-11-01 |publisher=The Verge |access-date=2024-01-20 }}</ref> Tesla opened up many uncongested and new stations for non-Tesla cars in several countries in 2022, including France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/358026/15-tesla-supercharger-sites-open-non-tesla-vehicles-uk |title=15 Tesla Supercharger sites open to non-Tesla vehicles in the UK |date=2022-05-18 |publisher=Autovia Ltd/Auto Express |access-date=2024-01-20 }}</ref> Many European governments give sizeable financial support for building new stations but require those to allow cars regardless of brand.

=== Asia-Pacific ===
Superchargers operate in {{wipe|China}}, where Shanghai has 1,000 chargers at 100 locations in late 2021, Beijing has 800, and Tibet is accessible.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hampel |first1=Carrie |title=Tesla now has 1000 Supercharger stations in Shanghai |url=https://www.electrive.com/2021/09/30/tesla-now-has-100-supercharger-stations-in-shanghai/ |website=electrive.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211001143935/https://www.electrive.com/2021/09/30/tesla-now-has-100-supercharger-stations-in-shanghai/ |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |date=September 30, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Superchargers are also available in [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Place:Macau|Macau]].

{{wipe|Australia}},<ref>{{cite news |url=https://johnnybtech.com/2017/10/23/first-look-at-worlds-largest-tesla-supercharger-station-in-shanghai-china/ |title=First look at world's largest Tesla Supercharger station in Shanghai, China |work=Johnny B Tech. |date=October 23, 2017 |access-date=October 23, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011831/https://johnnybtech.com/2017/10/23/first-look-at-worlds-largest-tesla-supercharger-station-in-shanghai-china/ |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{wipe|Japan}}, Malaysia, [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]], [[Place:Singapore|Singapore]], {{wipe|South Korea}}, Taiwan and Thailand also have Superchargers.<ref name="supercharger">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Superchargers |url=https://supercharge.info/map |access-date=May 12, 2018 |publisher=Tesla}}</ref>

=== Middle East ===
Superchargers are available in [[Place:Israel|Israel]], Jordan and the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]].  Qatar will have its first Superchargers by the end of Q1 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-launches-sales-in-qatar-superchargers-and-service-centers-coming-soon/ |title=Tesla launches sales in Qatar, Superchargers and Service Center coming soon |first=Darryn |last=John |website=Drive Tesla |location=Canada |date=2023-12-12 |access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref>

== Megacharger ==
In November 2017, Tesla announced a higher-capacity Megacharger as part of the unveiling of a prototype for its Tesla Semi, a [[Engineering:Semi-trailer truck|semi-trailer truck]]. These Megachargers provide {{convert|400|mi|km|0}} of charge in 30 minutes to the Tesla Semis.<ref name= Mashable-2017-11-17>{{cite news |url= http://mashable.com/2017/11/17/tesla-semi-megachargers/ |title= Tesla's new 'Megachargers' will give its Semis power for 400 miles in 30 minutes |date= November 17, 2017 |author= Brett Williams |publisher= Mashable }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=  https://insideevs.com/close-look-tesla-semi-megacharger-port-video/ |title=Up Close Look At Tesla Semi Megacharger Port|date=November 20, 2017 |work=InsideEVs|access-date= November 20, 2017}}</ref>

In November 2021, the first Megacharger was installed at the [[Physics:Gigafactory Nevada|Gigafactory Nevada]] where the Tesla Semi is built.<ref name=insideEVs20211116>{{cite news |title=Check Out Tesla Semi Spotted at First Megacharger (Giga Nevada) |url=https://insideevs.com/news/548121/tesla-semi-spotted-first-megacharger/ |work=InsideEVs |date=November 16, 2021 |access-date=December 6, 2022 }}</ref> A second Megacharger was permitted for construction at a PepsiCo facility in Modesto, California, in late 2021.<ref name=techtimes20211123>{{cite news |last1=Boris|first1=Teejay |title=PepsiCo's Tesla Semi Megacharger Installation Gets a GO Signal |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/268412/20211123/pepsico-tesla-semi-megacharger-installation-permit-pepsico-tesla-semi-tesla-semi-megacharger.htm |work=Tech Times |date=November 23, 2021 |access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref>

The megawatt-class cable for the Megacharger supports three times the current density of the V3 Supercharger —35 amperes/mm<sup>2</sup> versus approximately 12 for the V3. The cable will also be liquid-cooled<!-- "high voltage conductors immersed in coolant return tubes" --> to support 1000-amp charge rates at 1000 volts.<ref name=yahoonews20221202>{{cite news |last=Subramanian|first=Pras |date=December 2, 2022 |title=Tesla Semi unveiled with tri-motor setup, megawatt charging tech |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/tesla-semi-unveiled-with-tri-motor-setup-megawatt-charging-tech-121619247.html |access-date=December 6, 2022 |work=YahooNews }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Engineering:Charging station|Charging station]]
* [[Engineering:Electric vehicle charging network|Electric vehicle charging network]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official|http://www.tesla.com/supercharger}}
* {{Twitter|TeslaCharging|Tesla Charging}}
* [https://supercharge.info/charts Charts of Supercharger stations over time]

{{Tesla Motors}}

[[Category:Automotive technologies]]
[[Category:Charging stations]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tesla Supercharger}}