View source for Engineering:Triomphant-class submarine

{{short description|French class of ballistic missile submarines}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Temeraire1048.jpg
|Ship caption=''Le Téméraire''
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Triomphant'' class
|Builders=DCNS
|Operators={{Navy|FRA}}
|Class before={{sclass|Redoutable|submarine (1967)|4}}
|Class after=[[Engineering:SNLE 3G|SNLE 3G]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.corlobe.tk/article45487.html|title=SNLE de 3è génération : la mise en chantier prévue pour 2023|website= Corlobe|date=26 October 2018}}</ref>
|Subclasses=
|Cost= *{{ShipCost|FRA|17.1|b|year=2009|r=1|quantity=4}}
*{{ShipCost|FRA|3.1|b|year=2009|r=1|suffix=for ''Le Terrible''|ref= <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/112431/french-auditor-reveals-weapon-prices%2C-a400m-details.html |title= French Audit Report Reveals Weapon Prices, A400M Details |website= Defence-aerospace |date= 18 February 2010 |access-date= 7 August 2015 |archive-date= 14 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131014011729/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/feature/112431/french-auditor-reveals-weapon-prices,-a400m-details.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>}}
|Built range=1986–2010
|In service range=
|In commission range=1997–present
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=4
|Total ships completed=4
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=4
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Engineering:Ballistic missile submarine|Ballistic missile submarine]]
|Ship displacement=*12,640 [[Tonne|tonne]] (surfaced)
*14,335 tonne (submerged)
|Ship length={{Convert|138|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{Convert|12.50|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{Convert|10.60|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*K15 [[Engineering:Pressurized water reactor|pressurized water reactor]] 150 MWth, LEU 7%;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/18321557.pdf |title=Examination of the U.S. Navy Proposed Conversion of the Nuclear Fleet from Highly Enriched Uranium to Low Enriched Uranium|access-date=2023-08-31}}</ref> with turboreductor pump-to-shaft system of 30,5 MW 
*Power : {{convert|30519|kW|abbr=on}}
*two emergency diesel-powered generators [[Company:SEMT Pielstick|SEMT Pielstick]] 8PA4V200 SM ({{convert|700|kW|abbr=on}}) auxiliaries.
|Ship speed=Over {{convert|25|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=Over {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=*15 officers
*96 sailors
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=*Sonar DMUX 80
*Sonar DUUX 5
*Sonar DSUV 61B Very Low Frequency
*Racal Decca radar (navigation)
*SCC : SET (''Système d'exploitation Tactique'') : tactical operational system
|Ship EW=ARUR 13
|Ship armament=*Nuclear: 16 M45 ''or'' M51 missiles with six to ten TN 75 150 kt<ref name= "auto">{{Cite web | publisher = AFP | via = Google news |url= https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hPNTG39EL3N7-Bv8jvy_xmpoUCpg?docId=CNG.40a5a56e8c66c6963f77af98efdaccc7.11|title= La marine française met un quatrième sous-marin nucléaire en service |access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=114121 |title=IA M51 : Chape de plomb sur le nucléaire |date=4 October 2010 | work =Mer et Marine |access-date=4 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101009014420/http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=114121 |archive-date=9 October 2010 }}</ref> or TNO 100-300 kt thermonuclear warheads<ref name=fas1>{{cite web|last=Kristensen|first=Hans |title= France|url=http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/publications1/Article2012_France.pdf|work=Assuring Destruction Forever: Nuclear Weapon Modernization Around the World | via = FAS |publisher=Women's International League for Peace and Freedom|accessdate=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Reif|first=Kingston|title=Nuclear weapons: The modernization myth|url= http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/nuclear-weapons-the-modernization-myth| work =[[Physics:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]|accessdate=11 April 2013|date=8 December 2009}}</ref>
*Four {{convert|533|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} torpedo tubes for F17 torpedoes and
*Exocet SM39 [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]s, launchable while submerged
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

The '''''Triomphant'' class''' of [[Engineering:Ballistic missile submarine|ballistic missile submarine]]s of the French Navy is the active lead boat class of four boats that entered service in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2010. These four superseded the older {{sclass|Redoutable|submarine|4||1967}}, and they provide the ocean-based component (the ''Force océanique stratégique'') of France's nuclear deterrent strike force, the ''Force de dissuasion'' (deterrence force). Their home port is Île Longue, Roadstead of Brest, Western Brittany.

==Design and construction==
The first three boats were originally armed with the French-produced and armed M45 intermediate-range missile, and the fourth vessel, {{ship|French submarine|Le Terrible|S619|2}}, tested and is equipped with the more advanced M51 missile.<ref name="auto"/> Each of the first three boats were retrofitted to the M51 missile standard, with the last M45 offloaded in 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kristensen |first1=Hans |last2=Korda |first2=Matt |date=7 January 2019 |title= French nuclear forces, 2019 |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=75 |issue=Special Issue: Spotlight on Nuclear Modernization |pages=51–55 |doi=10.1080/00963402.2019.1556003 |bibcode=2019BuAtS..75a..51K |s2cid=151142543 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine==

In French, these are called ''Sous-Marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins de Nouvelle Génération'' (English: "Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine"), abbreviated as SNLE-NG. They have replaced all of the {{sclass|Redoutable|submarine (1967)|0}} boats, with the last of those six boats being decommissioned in 2008. These submarines carry 16 [[Engineering:Submarine-launched ballistic missile|submarine-launched ballistic missile]] launching tubes apiece.

This class reportedly produces approximately 1/1000 of the detectable noise of the ''Redoutable''-class boats (submarine), and they are ten times more sensitive in detecting other submarines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/triompha/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521212804/http://www.netmarine.net/bat/smarins/triompha/index.htm|url-status=dead|title=Le Triomphant<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=21 May 2014|access-date=7 January 2020}}</ref> Initially armed with the M45 missile, they are designed to carry the new M51 missile, which entered active service in 2010. {{As of|2010|10}}, an M51 has been test-fired from one of these submarines across the Atlantic Ocean from near France to the west, and is equipped on ''Le Terrible''.

These boats were all constructed by the DCNS, and they carry an armament of 16 M45 SLBM or M51 SLBM missiles manufactured by the Aérospatiale company (now [[Company:Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus Defence and Space]]), plus conventional [[Engineering:Torpedo|torpedo]]es and Exocet [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]s.

==List of submarines==
The French Navy's goal is to operate a force of four ballistic missile submarines (comparable with the Royal Navy's {{sclass|Vanguard|submarine|2}}s), of which two are expected to be on patrol at any given time.

{|class="wikitable"
!Name!!Construction began!!Launched!!Commissioned
|-
|{{ship|French submarine|Le Triomphant|S616|2}}||9 June 1986||26 March 1994||21 March 1997
|-
|{{ship|French submarine|Le Téméraire|S617|2}}||18 December 1993||21 January 1998||23 December 1999
|-
|{{ship|French submarine|Le Vigilant|S618|2}}||January 1996||19 September 2003||26 November 2004
|-
|{{ship|French submarine|Le Terrible|S619|2}}||24 October 2000||21 March 2008||20 September 2010<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/a-la-une/le-terrible-entre-en-service-actif |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801040754/http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/a-la-une/le-terrible-entre-en-service-actif |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2012 |title=Le Terrible entre en service actif |date=1 October 2010 |publisher=Ministry of Defense (France) |access-date=1 October 2010}}</ref>

|}

== Service history ==
On 3 February or 4 February 2009, ''Le Triomphant'' collided with the Royal Navy submarine {{HMS|Vanguard|S28|6}}; the Royal Navy boat received damage to the outer casing in the area of the missile compartment on the starboard (right) side and suffered very visible dents and scrapes.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|title=''Nuclear subs collide in Atlantic''|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7892294.stm | date=16 February 2009|access-date=5 June 2016 | publisher=BBC News}}</ref> ''Le Triomphant'' was reported to have proceeded to Brest under her own power, submerged, but with damage to her active sonar dome under her bow.<ref name="auto1"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Snle-snle-ng-svg.svg|Comparison of different nuclear systems: left, the SNLE (''[[Engineering:Redoutable-class submarine (1967)|Redoutable]]'' type) with the M4 missile; right, the SNLE-NG (''Triomphant'' type) with the M45 missile and the M51 missile.
File:SNLE-NG.jpeg|''Le Vigilant''
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Engineering:List of submarines of France|List of submarines of France]]
* [[Engineering:List of submarine classes in service|List of submarine classes in service]]
* Submarine forces (France)
* Future of the French Navy
* [[Engineering:Submarine-launched ballistic missile|Submarine-launched ballistic missile]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==


[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Nuclear-powered submarines]]
[[Category:Ballistic missile submarines]]

{{Sourceattribution|Triomphant-class submarine}}