View source for Engineering:Tsyklon-3

{{Short description|Soviet / Ukrainian launch vehicle}}
{{Infobox rocket
|name = Tsyklon-3 (Tsiklon-3)
|function = Carrier rocket
|manufacturer = [[Company:Yuzhmash|Yuzhmash]]
|country-origin = [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] ({{wipe|Ukraine}})

|image =Циклон-3 і 8К99.JPG
|caption = Tsyklon-3 on display in downtown Dnipro

|height = {{cvt|39.27|m}}
|diameter = {{cvt|3|m}}
|mass = {{cvt|189000|kg}}
|stages = 3

|capacities = {{Infobox rocket/payload|location=[[Astronomy:Low Earth orbit|low Earth orbit]]|mass={{cvt|4100|kg}}}}

|family = R-36, Tsyklon
|comparable = [[Engineering:Delta II|Delta II]]
|derivatives = Tsyklon-4, Cyclone-4M

|status = Retired<ref name="NSF-retired">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/01/russian-tsyklon-3-bows-out-with-coronas-launch/|title=Russian Tsyklon-3 bows out with CORONAS launch|last=Barbosa|first=Rui C.|date=2009-01-30|publisher=NASASpaceflight.com|access-date=2009-01-30}}</ref>
|sites = Plesetsk Cosmodrome LC-32
|launches = 122
|success = 114
|fail = 8
|first=24 June 1977
|last=30 January 2009<ref name="NSF-retired"/>
|payloads = Tselina<br>[[Engineering:Meteor (satellite)|Meteor]]<br>Okean<br>Geo-IK<br>[[Engineering:Strela (satellite)|Strela]]

|stagedata =
    {{Infobox rocket/Stage
    |type = stage
    |stageno = First
    |name = 11K69
    |engines = 1 RD-261
    |thrust = {{cvt|3032|kN}}
    |SI = 301 sec
    |burntime = 120 seconds
    |fuel = {{N2O4}} / UDMH
    }}
    {{Infobox rocket/Stage
    |type = stage
    |stageno = Second
    |name = 11S692
    |engines = 1 RD-262
    |thrust = {{cvt|941|kN}}
    |SI = 318 sec
    |burntime = 160 seconds
    |fuel = {{N2O4}} / UDMH
    }}
    {{Infobox rocket/Stage
    |type = stage
    |name = 11S693
    |stageno = Third
    |engines = 1 RD-861
    |thrust = {{cvt|78.7|kN}}
    |SI = 317 sec
    |burntime = 125 seconds
    |fuel = {{N2O4}} / UDMH
    }}
}}

The '''Tsyklon-3''', also known as '''Tsiklon-3''' and '''Cyclone-3''' (known as '''SL-14''' by the United States DoD), GRAU index 11K68, was a [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet]], and subsequently {{wipe|Ukraine}} [[Physics:Orbit|orbit]]al carrier rocket. Tsyklon 3 rocket body debris accounts for more than 500 pieces of space debris.<ref>{{cite web |title=SL-14 |url=https://www.n2yo.com/database/?q=SL-14#results |website=NY20.com |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref>

==Overview==
thumb|Tsyklon-3 launching a [[Meteor (satellite)|Meteor-3 satellite at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in August 1991|left]]
A derivative of the R-36 ICBM, and a member of the Tsyklon family, Tsyklon-3 made its maiden flight on 24 June 1977, and was retired on 30 January 2009.<ref name="NSF-retired"/> The Ukrainian-built Tsyklon rockets were retired in favour of future all-Russian carrier rockets, such as the Angara, and because they were fuelled by toxic [[Chemistry:Hypergolic propellant|hypergolic propellant]]s.<ref name="APMC">{{cite web
|url = http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=49743&cid=25
|script-title = ru: APMC - Космические войска обеспечили реальность сроков сдачи в эксплуатацию перспективного РКК "Ангара" <br>
|trans-title = ARMS-TASS: In 2007, the Space Forces ensured the reality of the deadlines for the commissioning of the promising Angara RSC
|language = ru
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080601214358/http://armstass.su/?page=article&aid=49743&cid=25
|archive-date = 1 June 2008
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

==Successor==
Ukraine was developing a commercial derivative of the Tsyklon-3, the Tsyklon-4.<ref>{{cite web|last=Krebs|first=Gunter D.|title=Tsiklon-4 (Cyclone-4)|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=March 19, 2023 |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/tsiklon-4.htm}}</ref> The development of Tsyklon-4 ended in 2015 after Ukraine's development partner {{wipe|Brazil}} pulled out of the project. Tsyklon-4 never made it to launch pad.

Another successor to the Tsyklon rockets, Cyclone-4M (based on Tsyklon-4 designs), is under development as of 2021 for use in the commercial market.

== Debris ==
=== 2013 loss of Ecuadorian satellite after impact with Tsyklon-3 space debris ===
On 23 May 2013 at approximately 05:38&nbsp;UTC, the Ecuadorian satellite [[Engineering:NEE-01 Pegaso|NEE-01 ''Pegaso'']] passed very close to the spent upper stage of a 1985 Tsyklon-3 rocket over the [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]. While there was no direct collision between the satellite and upper stage, ''Pegaso'' is believed to have suffered a "glancing blow" after passing through a debris cloud around the Tsyklon stage and striking one of the small pieces.<ref name="alj20130524"/><ref name="bbc20130527"/> After the incident, the satellite was found to be "spinning wildly over two of its axes" and unable to communicate with its ground station.<ref name="alj20130524">
{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/05/201352443533420404.html |title=Satellite collides with Soviet-era rocket |work=[[Engineering:Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=24 May 2013 |access-date=13 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903080837/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/05/201352443533420404.html |archive-date=3 September 2013 }}</ref> 
Efforts to reestablish control of ''Pegaso'' failed,<ref name="bbc20130527">
{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22678919 |title=Ecuador tries to fix satellite after space debris crash |work=BBC News |date=27 May 2013 |access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref> 
and on 28 August 2013 the decision was made by [[Organization:Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency|EXA]] and the Ecuadorian government to declare the satellite lost.<ref name="ectimes20130905">
{{cite news |url=http://www.ecuadortimes.net/2013/09/05/pegasus-satellite-was-declared-lost-by-exa/ |title=Pegasus satellite was declared 'lost' by EXA |work=Ecuador Times |date=5 September 2013 |access-date=14 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130915105639/http://www.ecuadortimes.net/2013/09/05/pegasus-satellite-was-declared-lost-by-exa/ |archive-date=15 September 2013 }}</ref>

===Other Debris events===
The Tsyklon-3 rocket body used to launch the [[Engineering:Meteor (satellite)|Meteor 2-16]] on August 18, 1987 has fragmented five times between 1988 and 2006 due in part to propellant left inside the vehicle, resulting in more than 100 pieces of debris many of which are still in orbit.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gates |first1=D |last2=Anz-Meador |first2=P |title=An 82o Inclination Debris Cloud Revealed by Radar |url=https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/orbitaldebris2019/orbital2019paper/pdf/6038.pdf |access-date=22 December 2022}}</ref>

==See also==
*Angara rocket
*Dnepr rocket
*Tsyklon
*Tsyklon-2
*Tsyklon-4
*Cyclone-4M

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101027091258/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/tsiklon3.htm Encyclopedia Astronautica- Tsiklon 3]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Expendable launch systems}}
{{Russian launch vehicles}}

[[Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tsyklon-3}}