View source for Engineering:Type 08

{{Short description|Chinese wheeled armoured fighting vehicle family}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Type 08 Vehicle Family
| image              = [[File:ZBL-08.jpg|300px]]
| caption            = ZBL-08 Infantry Fighting Vehicle
| origin             = People's Republic of China
| type               = [[Engineering:Armoured fighting vehicle|Armoured fighting vehicle]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 2008-present
| used_by            = See ''Operators''
| wars = Boko Haram insurgency
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = [[Company:Norinco|Norinco]]
| design_date        =
| manufacturer       = [[Company:Norinco|Norinco]]
| unit_cost          =
| production_date    = 2006-present
| number             = 6,000+<ref name="IISS_2023">{{Cite book|author=The International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2023|date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |chapter=6 Asia |isbn=9781003400226 |doi=10.4324/9781003400226 |s2cid=256916955 }}</ref>
| variants           = 
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         =
| weight             = Varies by configuration<br />15 to 25 tonne<br />21 tonne (ZBL-08)<br />23 tonne (ZTL-11)<br />25 tonne (PLL-09)<br />
| length             = {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| width              = {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|2.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} (without turret)
| diameter           =
| crew               = 3
| passengers         = 11 (APC)<br>7 (IFV)
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour             =
| primary_armament   = [[Engineering:Royal Ordnance L7|ZPL-98A]] 105&nbsp;mm gun (ZTL-11)<br />QJC-88 12.7&nbsp;mm gun (ZSL-10)<br />ZPT-99 30&nbsp;mm cannon (ZBL-08)<br />KDG 35&nbsp;mm revolver autocannon (PGL-12)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/china_to_unveil_new_8x8_self-propelled_anti-aicraft_armoured_vehicle_with_single_35mm_cannon_1003141.html |title=China to unveil a new 8x8 self-propelled anti-aircraf armoured vehicle with single 35mm cannon |website=Armyrecognition.com |date=10 March 2014}}</ref><br />PL-96 122&nbsp;mm howitzer (PLL-09)<br />PL-01 155&nbsp;mm howitzer (PLL-09)
| secondary_armament = HJ-73C Anti-Tank Guided Missile<br />[[Engineering:Type 80 machine gun|Type 86]] 7.62&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Machine gun|machine gun]]<br />QJT 5.8&nbsp;mm machine gun
| engine             = [[Company:Deutz AG|Deutz]] BF6M1015C diesel 11.9 litre
| engine_power       = {{cvt|440|hp|kW}}
| pw_ratio           =
| transmission       = semi-automatic
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = 8×8 wheeled
| clearance          =
| fuel_capacity      =
| vehicle_range      = 800 km
| speed              = 100 km/h
| guidance           =
| steering           =
}}

The '''Type 08''' ({{zh|c=08式轮式装甲车族 |p=Líng bā Shì lúnshì zhuāngjiǎchē zú|l=Type 08 wheeled armored vehicle family}})<ref name="tencent_name">{{cite web |url=https://news.qq.com/a/20150806/042951.htm |title=Many variants of the Chinese wheeled combat vehicle family |publisher=Tencent News|access-date=2018-03-03|language=zh-hans}}</ref> is a family of [[Engineering:Eight-wheel drive|eight-wheeled]] [[Engineering:Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]], modular armored vehicle developed by [[Company:Norinco|Norinco]] for infantry fire support, battlefield logistics, and quick reaction operations. Developed in the early 2000s, the modern Chinese vehicle family were produced for more than 6000 hulls and widely deployed by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force and People's Liberation Army Marine Corps.<ref name="military-today">{{cite web |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/zbl_09.htm |title=ZBL-09 Armored personnel carrier |publisher=Military-Today.com |access-date=2013-12-05}}</ref>

ZBL-08 is the designation for the Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) variant in the Type 08 vehicle family. The modular design offers a plethora of different configurations, including an armored personnel carrier (APC) variant, an assault gun variant, combat engineering variant, mine clearance variants, [[Physics:CBRN defense|CBRN defense]] models, 122&nbsp;mm/155&nbsp;mm self propelled howitzer (SPH) models, air defense models, self-propelled mortar models, multiple reconnaissance models, command vehicle models, and much more.

==Development==
The development of the Type 08 vehicle family starts in the 1990s as the successor to other aging Chinese wheeled vehicles. Type 08 was first seen in 2006, undergoing road tests.<ref name="mtoday">{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/zbl_09.htm |title=ZBL-09 |website=Military Today}}</ref>

==Design==
=== Overview ===
The Type 08 has modular design that allows customization of the vehicle based on mission. The vehicle consists of six modules: engine module, transmission module, control module, suspension module, hull module, and weapon station module. The vehicle is fitted with a digital battlefield management system, satellite navigation system, NBC protection, and automatic fire suppression system. It is able to datalink and communicate with other vehicles as well as the command posts.<ref name="mtoday" />

===Protection ===
The vehicle chassis and turret is made of all-welded steel with mounted alumina ceramic composite plates, providing protection against shell splinters, 12.7&nbsp;mm armor-piercing incendiary rounds at {{convert|100|m|ft}} and 25&nbsp;mm projectiles over the frontal arc at {{convert|1000|m|ft}}. The vehicle is fitted with smoke dischargers and laser warning receivers to improve survivability.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/zbl-08-survivability.htm |title=ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Survivability |website=globalsecurity}}</ref><ref name=ZLT11>{{cite web|url=http://www.yidianzixun.com/article/0MAEAh6S |title=也说现役ZLT11式轮式装甲突击车的改进方向 |website=yidianzixun |date=31 May 2019 |language=Chinese }}</ref> The vehicle is capable of all weather operation. The driver is equipped with a helmet-mounted night vision system fed from the [[Engineering:Charge-coupled device|CCD]]-based sensors fitted on the vehicle chassis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/zbl-08-crew.htm |title=ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Crew Systems |website=globalsecurity}}</ref>

=== Armaments ===
ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle, the standard variant of the Type 08 family, is equipped with ZPT-99 30&nbsp;mm autocannon and [[Engineering:Type 80 machine gun|Type 86]] 7.62&nbsp;mm coaxial machine gun. Two HJ-73C ATGM rail launchers are mounted on both sides of the turret. The gunner is equipped with a computerized fire control system, gun stabilization with automatic tracking, [[Physics:Laser rangefinder|laser rangefinder]], and thermal imagining devices.<ref name="gs_arms">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/zbl-08-lethality.htm |title=ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Lethality |website=globalsecurity}}</ref>

ZSL-10 armored personnel carrier is equipped with an open-top armor-protected QJC-88 heavy machine gun and smoke discargers.<ref name="tanks-encyclopedia" />

ZTL-11 assault vehicle is fitted with [[Engineering:Royal Ordnance L7#Chinese models|ZPL-98A]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://roll.sohu.com/20151020/n423662164.shtml |title= 铸剑 英伦名炮书传奇：L7型105mm坦克炮的东方后代(组图)|website=Sohu News |date=20 October 2015 |language=Chinese}}</ref> 105&nbsp;mm rifled gun with capability of launching armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high explosive (HE), and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) ammunitions, as well as the indigenous GP105 105&nbsp;mm gun-fired laser beam riding guided anti-tank missile (ATGM).<ref name="gs_ztl11" /><ref name="armyrecon_ztl11" /><ref>{{cite magazine |last=W Miller |first=Stephen |date=June 2020 |title=Direct Assault Support of Expeditionary Interventions |url= http://monch.com/ebooks/military-technology/2020/06tdc3qkm/23/ |magazine=Military Technology|location= |publisher= |access-date=}}</ref> Secondary weapons include QJT-88 5.8&nbsp;mm coaxial machine gun and QJC-88 12.7&nbsp;mm roof-mounted heavy machine gun.<ref name="mf_ztl11" /> The turret of ZTL-11 is derived from the [[Engineering:Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle|Type 05 amphibious tank]], but with more smoke dischargers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/403412870_120726746 |title=11式突击车高原演练运动射击！配超远射程弹药，5公里精确杀敌  |website=Sohu News |date=21 June 2020 |language=Chinese}}</ref> The assault vehicle is also fitted with ST-16<ref name="sina_20170720" /> millimeter wave radar suite,<ref name="sina_20170720">{{cite web|url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2018-07-20/doc-ihfqtahh8381084.shtml |title=中国99A型坦克安装一部毫米波雷达 却非防御系统组件 |website=Sina News |date=20 July 2020 |language=Chinese }}</ref> similar to the one mounted on [[Engineering:Type 99 tank|Type 99A tank]]. The radar is designed for [[Identification friend or foe|target identification]] (IFF), acquisition, and tracking.

===Mobility===
Type 08 family is powered by the [[Company:Deutz AG|Deutz]] BF6M1015C water-cooled V-type 6-cylinder diesel engine, developing 440&nbsp;hp. The vehicle is equipped with [[Engineering:Automated manual transmission|automated manual transmission]]. The front four wheels are capable of power steering. The maximum speed is 100&nbsp;km/h with 800&nbsp;km of range on the highway. The vehicle is fully amphibious, with hydraulically controlled water jets mounted to the rear. The vehicle is fitted with computer-controlled [[Engineering:Central tire inflation system|central tire inflation system]] and steel-reinforced radial tires to improve mobility under off-road and emergency situation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/zbl-08-mobility.htm |title=ZBL-08 "Snow Leopard" - Mobility |website=globalsecurity }}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Vostok-2018 military manoeuvres (2018-09-13) 09.jpg|thumb|right|Type 08 APC and Type 11 assault gun during the Vostok 2018 military exercises]]
;ZBL-08 (Type 08) Infantry Fighting Vehicle: Original IFV variant with a ZPT-99 30&nbsp;mm turret based on [[Engineering:Shipunov 2A42|Shipunov 2A72]]. It features a crew cabin in the back for infantry transportation. HJ-73C missiles can be optionally mounted on each side of the turret.
;ZSL-10 (Type 10) Armoured personnel carrier: Based on IFV variant but the modified crew cabin has a higher ceiling. The Armored Personnel Carrier can be armed either with a manually controlled, armour-plate-protected 12.7 machine gun or a remote-controlled weapon station.<ref name="tanks-encyclopedia">{{cite web|url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/modern/China/ZBD-09.php |title=ZBD-09 Snow Leopard |website=tanks-encyclopedia}}</ref> The APC is equipped with ten specialized shock-absorbing seats for additional comfort and protection against land mines and improvised explosive device (IED).<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.163.com/dy/article/DHUFTBJQ0515POIR.html |title= 我军10式装甲车内部画面首次展示，独特"悬空"座椅不怕IED |website=NetEase News |date=16 May 2018 }}</ref>
;Type 08 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle: Armed with a 30&nbsp;mm turret, the vehicle has a chassis that is similar to the IFV variant. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle will advance before IFVs and assault guns for intelligence gathering. On-board high definition electro-optical cameras, thermal imaging systems, and [[Engineering:Laser designator|laser designator]] can transmit battlefield and target information for other data-linked vehicles for target identification and designation. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle can provide better situational awareness for the infantry. The main radar and electro-optical sight is mounted on a retractable mast and is capable of data-link and image-sharing with other vehicles.<ref name="sohu_recon" /><ref name="dailyheadline_cn">{{cite web|title = Transforming the 8x8 Armored Vehicles in comparison with Stryker|url = https://www.toutiao.com/i6286669317182325249/|website = Daily Headline China| language = zh |date = 2016-05-20}}</ref> Aerial reconnaissance capabilities are provided with various unmanned aerial vehicles. All reconnaissance vehicles are equipped with a launch rail behind the turret, capable of launching [[Engineering:Aisheng UAV|ASN-15]] with {{convert|10|km|mi}} range and one hour endurance. BZK UAV can also be stored and assembled on the spot if longer-range aerial reconnaissance is needed. In addition, individual scouts are equipped with hand-launched remote-controlled [[Engineering:Miniature UAV|SUAV]] similar to [[Engineering:AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven|RQ-11 Raven]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20210218/20210218A04JSB00.html |title=72 Group Army showcases Type 08 Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle and Drones|language=Chinese|website=Tencent News|date=18 February 2021}}</ref>
;Type 08 Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle: The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant and armed with 12.7&nbsp;mm machine gun and HJ-73C anti-tank missile. The artillery reconnaissance vehicles does not perform combat reconnaissance missions, instead focusing on target acquisition for artillery battalions, and collection of terrain and meteorological data through various observation instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/47913270_120802|title=PLA Artillery Reconnaissance Vehicle reveled| language=Chinese |website=Sohu News|date=11 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="sohu_recon" />
;Type 08 Electro-Optical Reconnaissance Vehicle: The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant but with no turret and self-defense weapons. The prominent addition, comparing to other reconnaissance variants, is a rapid-spinning electro-optical surveillance camera that creates 360 degree panoramic video stream. The onboard sensor may include daylight camera, infrared-thermal camera, and night vision camera.<ref name="sohu_recon">{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/401568782_120675741 |title=Information on the new generation reconnaissance of PLA|language=Chinese |website=Sohu News|date=11 December 2015}}</ref> 
;PLL-09 (Type 09) Modular Self-propelled Howitzer system: Based on IFV variant. Can be armed with either a 122&nbsp;mm or 155&nbsp;mm howitzer, to provide indirect fire support for infantry.<ref name="mod_pll09">{{cite web|title = PLL-09 self-propelled howitzer system fires at targets|url =http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2018-07/24/content_4820279.htm|website = Ministry of Defense of China| language = en|date = 7 July 2018}}</ref>
[[File:ZTL-11 Assault Vehicle 20170919.jpg|thumb|Type 11 Assault Gun]]
;ZTL-11 (Type 11) Assault Gun: Armed with a 105&nbsp;mm rifled gun, coaxial machine gun and 12.7&nbsp;mm anti-air machine gun, the Assault gun is based on the IFV chassis and can provide direct fire support for infantry battalions and engage enemy light vehicles and stationary targets such as bunkers.<ref name="mf_ztl11">{{cite web|url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=1190 |title=NORINCO ZTL-11 (Type 11)}}</ref><ref name="gs_ztl11">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/ztl-11.htm |title=ZTL-11 8x8 105mm Mobile Gun System}}</ref> ZTL-11 shares a turret very similar to [[Engineering:Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle|ZTD-05 amphibious assaults vehicle]].<ref name="armyrecon_ztl11">{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/may_2020_news_defense_global_security_army_industry/new_ztl-11_105mm_8x8_assault_gun_armored_vehicle_in_service_with_chinese_army.html |title=New ZTL-11 105mm 8x8 assault gun armored vehicle in service with Chinese army |website=armyrecognition |date=17 May 2020 }}</ref> The vehicle is alternately designated '''ZLT-11'''.<ref name=ZLT11/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.163.com/dy/article/DO48IGFF05158C06.html |title= 直击国际军事比赛-2018泉州开幕式，ZLT05A式两栖装甲突击车亮相 |date=1 August 2018|website=NetEase News}}</ref>
;PGL-12 (Type 12) Anti-Air Gun-Missile System: Armed with a single-barrel 35&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Revolver cannon|revolver autocannon]], derived from the 35&nbsp;mm anti-aircraft gun system on PGZ-09.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G3UHHJSD0543OQYA.html|title=Oerlikon GDF and Chinese 35&nbsp;mm autocannon family| language=Chinese |date=28 February 2021|website=NetEase 163 News}}</ref> Additional air coverage is provided by anti-air missiles mounted on the top-right side of the turret.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20210601A09CM700?ivk_sa=1024320u  |title=官媒公布解放军弹炮合一防空系统，高科技自动装弹机凸显中国军工实力 |language=Chinese |website=Tencent News |date=1 June 2021}}</ref> The electronics include thermal-tracking sight, targeting and surveillance radars. The data collected by the radars can be data-linked back to the command and armored reconnaissance vehicles. Although the system shares the armaments with PGZ-09, the loading mechanism is completely different. Since PGL-12 only has one barrel (whereas PGZ-09 has two), the new gun system requires a higher fire rate for sufficient firepower density. The redesigned unmanned turret with proprietary revolving loading system can provide 1000 rounds/minute rate of fire, increased from the 550 rounds/minute per barrel on the PGZ-09.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/jssd/2019-05-28/doc-ihvhiews5185740.shtml|title=Single barrel 35&nbsp;mm anti-air vehicle revealed. New revolving cannon doubles the fire rate| language=Chinese |website=Sina Military|date=28 May 2019}}</ref>
;PGL-XX (Code name ''625'') Air Defense Gun-Missile System: Unnamed prototype vehicle featuring a 6-barrel 25&nbsp;mm gatling gun and four FN-6B (FN-16)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.takungpao.com/news/232108/2022/1219/799287.html |title=火力制胜/陆军625高炮 织弹雨拦截网 |website=Ta Kung Pao |date=19 December 2022 }}</ref> for short-range air defense. code-named "625", PGL-XX was revealed under testing in 2021. It uses 25x287&nbsp;mm ammunition technology with upgraded radar, computer system, and data-link. The 625 anti-air system will be paired with HQ-17A wheeled short-range air-defense system. The Gatling gun system was deemed by PLA to be better at [[Engineering:Counter rocket, artillery, and mortar|counter rocket, artillery, and mortar]] missions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G3KFD7K30543OQYO.html |title=625 Strikes Back, why PLA choose 625 8x8 anti-air system for Medium Combined Arms Brigade| language=Chinese |website=NetEase 163 News|date=4 February 2021}}</ref> The vehicle is spotted in a military training mission at Tibet Military District.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/G20STOKA05158C06.html |title=Tibet military region receives 625 anti-air vehicle| language=Chinese |date=4 February 2021}}</ref> 
;Type 08 Command Vehicle: With a modified chassis that has a much higher ceiling than the APC variant, the crew cabin provides a more spacious environment for commanders and staff. Equipped with satellite communication suite and battle management system, the command vehicle can move with the mechanized infantry for better battlefield management.<ref name="powerau">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-PLA-AFV.html#mozTocId829648|title = Modern PLA Armoured Vehicles|date = 19 September 2009|pages = 1|last1 = Andrew|first1 = Martin}}</ref>
;Type 08 Communication Vehicle: Based on the Command Vehicle variant. It has additional communication equipment on board for the infantry battalion.<ref name="dailyheadline_cn" />
;Type 08 Armored Ambulance: Based on the Command Vehicle variant. Featuring a modified crew cabin with medical equipment, the Armored Ambulance variant has two Red Cross markers on each side of the vehicle body.<ref name="powerau" /><ref name="MDC Military Report">{{cite web|url=http://www.mdc.idv.tw/mdc/army/china-8x8.htm|title = 中國 Vn-1 八輪 裝甲戰鬥車}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_march_2021_global_security_army_industry/pla_chinese_army_commissions_new_amphibious_armored_ambulance_to_plateau_troops.html |title=PLA Chinese army commissions new amphibious armored ambulance to plateau troops |website=Army Recognition |date=29 March 2021}}</ref>
;Type 14 Hazardous Environment Reconnaissance Vehicle:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/194997277_815053|title=Rusing into the nuclear blast, Type 14 NBCR vehicle|language=Chinese |website=Sohu News|date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Based on the Command Vehicle variant. Equipped with sensors and equipment for hazardous detection involving nuclear, biological and chemical environment.
;Type 08 Electronic Warfare Vehicle: Based on the Command Vehicle variant but the satellite communication suite on top of the vehicle roof is replaced by a rectangular shaped radar with several small radar panels for Electronic Support Measures.<ref name="dailyheadline_cn" />
;GPZ-111A (Type 111A) Assault Breach Vehicle: Based on the IFV variant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.js7tv.cn/video/202302_296452.html |title=轮式综合扫雷车：让地雷无所遁形的破障利器 |website=China Military }}</ref> It is equipped with mine plow, mine detection device, and rocket-projected mine clearing line charge (MICLIC).<ref name="military-today" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chinamil.com.cn/view/2020-05/14/content_9813575_2.htm |title=Sappers launch mine-clearing line charge |website=Chinese Military|date=14 May 2020}}</ref>
;GQC-003 (Type 003) Mobile Bridge Builder: Based on the IFV variant.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=1605&typeid=24 |title=共軍展示布掃雷車與破障裝備 |website=Taiwan National Defense Research }}</ref> It is equipped with a vehicle-launched bridge on top of the hull.<ref name="dailyheadline_cn" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/review_china_army_new_tracked_and_wheeled_engineer_armored_vehicles.html |title=Review: China army new tracked and wheeled engineer armored vehicles |website=Army Recognition |date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
;Type 08 Armored Recovery Vehicle: Based on the IFV variant, the turret is replaced by a crane for emergency vehicle service.
;Type 08 Armored Cargo Vehicle: Based on the APC variant, the Armored Cargo Vehicle has more bullet-proof windows on the vehicle body.
;Type 08 Engineering Vehicle: The vehicle has a unique chassis. It is equipped with tools for road paving and obstacle neutralization. A bulldozer blade is fitted on the front of the vehicle and an excavator bucket is mounted on the front end of the roof. Waterline marks can also be found on the side of the vehicle hull.<ref name="military-today" />:

=== Export Variant ===
;VS27: Armored rescue vehicle<ref name="mil.news.sina.com.cn">{{cite web|url=https://mil.news.sina.com.cn/china/2018-11-15/doc-ihmutuec0481924.shtml|title = 中国外贸版8X8轮式战车族集体亮相 有10几款变形车&#124;变形车&#124;轮式&#124;战车_新浪军事_新浪网}}</ref>
;VE36: Reconnaissance vehicle<ref name="mil.news.sina.com.cn" />
;VE32A: Reconnaissance vehicle<ref name="mil.news.sina.com.cn" />
;CS/SA5: Specialized air defense variant with a 6-barrel 30 mm Gatling gun and FN-6 short-range missiles. The early version of this export-oriented vehicle was based on a modified Type 08 IFV chassis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20211006A050DV00 |title=CS/SA5型：30mm弹炮合一系统，能有效对付无人机 |website=Tencent News |date=6 October 2021 }}</ref> In Zhuhai Airshow 2021, a new version based on a modified 8x8 chassis was unveiled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.sina.cn/gn/2021-10-04/detail-iktzqtyt9593209.d.html |title=低空卫士：从航展看陆基近程防空反导系统的发展 |website=Sina |date=4 October 2021 }}</ref> The turret included an air surveillance radar on the rear of the turret roof with a 2-axis adaptive-follow tracking radar situated on the starboard side of the surveillance radar while the thermal-tracking sight situated on the port side can provide visual information of the target through fire control computers.<ref name="zhuhai2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3201007/china-has-unveiled-new-short-range-air-defence-systems-target-drones |title=China has unveiled new short-range air defence systems that target drones |website=South China Morning Post |date=26 November 2022 |last=Liu |first=Zhen }}</ref><ref name="drive_zhuhai" />
;Type 625E: specialized air defense variant with a 6-barrel 25 mm Gatling gun and FB-10 short-range missiles. It uses the same chassis as the new CS/SA5 chassis shown in Zhuhai Airshow 2021.<ref name="drive_zhuhai">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/this-is-chinas-beastly-new-chinese-air-defense-vehicle |title=This Is China's Beastly New Air Defense Vehicle |website=The Drive |date=18 November 2022 |first=Emma |last=Helfrich }}</ref> The vehicle is the export variant based on the PGL-XX/625.<ref name="zhuhai2022" />
;CS/AA5: Specialized IFV variants with a remote-controlled 40mm turret. The chassis of CS/AA5 is based on Type 08 IFV.<ref>{{cite web|title = The new exoskeletons, tanks and ATVs that China will bring to a future battle: The Ground Gear of the Zhuhai Airshow|url =https://www.popsci.com/new-exoskeletons-tanks-and-atvs-that-china-will-bring-to-future-battle-ground-gear-zhuhai-airshow|website = Popular Science| language = en |date = November 11, 2016}}</ref>
;VN-1: Export variant based on Type 08 IFV.<ref name="tanks-encyclopedia" /> The '''VN-1C''' is armed with a 30&nbsp;mm remote weapons station and a HJ-73 anti-tank missile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twoeggz.com/news/3225045.html|title = 信息提示}}</ref>
;SWS-2: Export SHORAD gun/missile system variant of the VN-1. It is armed with a 35&nbsp;mm cannon and four surface-to-air missiles.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Foss |first1=Christopher F. |url=http://www.janes.com/article/62014/china-develops-sws2-mobile-air-defence-system |title=China develops SWS2 mobile air-defence system |website=janes.com |date=6 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706155505/http://www.janes.com/article/62014/china-develops-sws2-mobile-air-defence-system |archive-date=6 July 2016 |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> This vehicle is the export version of the PGL-12 anti-air artillery system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://min.news/zh-hans/military/53d256e503a94e7548a509542bdd96b5.html|title=PGL12 35mm AA, maneuvering force of Chinese military|language=Chinese|website=Daily Headline China|date=31 March 2021}}</ref>
;ST-1: Export variant based on Type 11 Assault gun, armed with a L7 105mm rifled gun. The turret is also used on the [[Engineering:WZ-551#Export|WMA301]] and [[Engineering:Type 89 AFV#Export|ST-2]].
;ST-3: Hybrid artillery tank destroyer, armed with a high elevation 105mm gun, similar to the [[Engineering:Al-Fahd#Armament|Al-Fahd AF-40-8-2]] or XM1202 MCS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17 |title=Norinco Is Exporting A Hybrid Wheeled Tank {{!}} 21st Century Asian Arms Race |url=https://21stcenturyasianarmsrace.com/2021/11/13/norinco-is-exporting-a-hybrid-wheeled-tank/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917143745/https://21stcenturyasianarmsrace.com/2021/11/13/norinco-is-exporting-a-hybrid-wheeled-tank/ |archive-date=17 September 2022 }}</ref>
;SH-11: Export-oriented 155&nbsp;mm self-propelled howitzer armed with a 39-caliber gun, which can be replaced with a 52-caliber gun without changing the chassis. It features a fully automatic loading system and the latest generation of optics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/china_defense_industry_unveils_new_sh11_155mm_8x8_self-propelled_howitzer.html |title=China: Defense industry unveils new SH11 155mm 8x8 self-propelled howitzer}}</ref><ref>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/inl4ovhl_Me6_fBnQDR2kg {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref>
;AFT-10 ATGM carrier: First shown at the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow.
;JRVG-1A Anti-Air Gun System: First shown at the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow. The JRVG-1A uses a stretched 10x10 Type 08 chassis. The picture shown in the catalog differs from the presented vehicle. The lower rear section of the hull is wider, where the waterjets are mounted on the 8x8 versions, which the presented vehicle misses. A variant called JRVG-1B with a chassis similar to was PGZ-09/[[Engineering:PLZ-05|PLZ-05]] listed in the catalog too. The vehicle is armed with a naval 76mm turret, which includes a detection and fire control radar like the Italian [[Engineering:Otomatic|Otomatic]] SPAAG. A water cooling system allows a fire rate of up to 300rpm.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-06-22 |title=PJ26 76mm 10x10 SPAAG |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/pj26.htm |access-date=2022-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622025159/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/pj26.htm |archive-date=22 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JRVG-1 76mm SPAAG (PRC) |date=3 May 2021 |url=https://defencehub.live/threads/jrvg-1-76mm-spaag-prc.6918/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611041805/https://defencehub.live/threads/jrvg-1-76mm-spaag-prc.6918/ |archive-date=11 June 2022 }}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:Type 08 Users.png|thumb|Map with Type 08 operators in blue]]<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Please use the Talk page for discussing potential other users-->

;{{PRC}}
* People's Liberation Army Ground Force - 5,700+ units as of 2022. 3,000 units of ZBL-08; 1,200 units of ZTL-11; 900 units of ZSL-10; 600 units of PLL-09; Uncounted units of other variants.<ref name="IISS_2023" />
* People's Liberation Army Marine Corps - 200+ units as of 2021. 150 units of ZBL-08; 50 units of ZTL-11; Uncounted units of other variants.<ref name="IISS2022_p256-57">International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military Balance 2022, p.256-57</ref>
;{{GAB}}
* Gabonese Army: On display at the 2019 Independence Day parade.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.janes.com/article/90579/gabon-parades-vn1-armoured-vehicles|title=Gabon parades VN1 armoured vehicles|publisher=IHS Jane's|author=Erwan de Cherisey|date=21 August 2019|access-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821161413/https://www.janes.com/article/90579/gabon-parades-vn1-armoured-vehicles|archive-date=21 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/august_2019_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/chinese-made_vn1_8x8_armored_vehicle_in_service_with_gabonese_army.html |title=Chinese-made VN1 8x8 armored vehicle in service with Gabonese army |website=armyrecognition |date=22 August 2019}}</ref>
;{{NGR}}
* Nigerian Army: ST1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/nigerian-military-receives-tanks-artillery-from-china/|title=Nigerian military receives tanks, artillery from China |website=defenceweb |date=9 April 2020}}</ref>
;{{THA}}
* The Royal Thai Army (RTA) signed a contract to purchase 38 VN-1 IFVs for first batch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.mod.gov.cn/news/2019-12/05/content_4856289.htm |title=Thailand Army receives first batch of China-made VN-1 wheeled armored vehicles |website=Chinese Ministry of Defence |date=5 December 2019}}</ref> The vehicles will be delivered by 2019 at the price of US$1.695 million each.<ref name="VT-1 RTA">{{cite news|url=http://thaiarmedforce.com/53-taf-military-news/rta-news/853-rta-ordered-zbl-09|title=LIMA2017 ZBL-09/RTA Ordered ZBL-08 (UPDATE)|work=thaiarmedforce.com|date=22 Mar 2017|language=en}}</ref> Thailand ordered 37 more vehicles for second batch.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} The VN-1 was put into service in February 2021 with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_march_2021_global_security_army_industry/royal_thai_army_inducts_norinco_vn-1_ifv_with_the_2nd_cavalry_regiment.html|title=Royal Thai Army inducts NORINCO VN-1 IFV with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment |website=armyrecognition |date= 15 March 2021}}</ref>
;{{VEN}}
* Bolivarian Marine Infantry<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/46091/venezuela-signs-up-for-vn1-hints-at-chinese-amphibious-vehicles-buy|title=Venezuela signs up for VN1, hints at Chinese amphibious vehicles buy|publisher=IHS Jane's|author1=Richard D Fisher Jr|author2=James Hardy|date=23 November 2014|access-date=1 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928191653/http://www.janes.com/article/46091/venezuela-signs-up-for-vn1-hints-at-chinese-amphibious-vehicles-buy |archive-date=28 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Potential operators===
;{{flag|Argentina}}: The Argentine Army shows interest in buying the Type 08.<ref>[https://www.monch.com/mpg/news/land/7424-argentina-rekindles-interest-in-norinco-vn-1-vehicle.html] </ref>

=== Failed Bids ===
;{{flag|Brazil}}: The Chinese government offered the ST-1 to the Brazilian Army in April 2021, under the Army's "VBC Cav" program to obtain 221 units of an 8 x 8 assault gun, for the replacement of the [[Engineering:EE-9 Cascavel|EE-9 Cascavel]] in operation since 1974.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brasil avanza en la compra de 221 blindados 8x8 para el Ejército|url=https://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2021/03/06/noticia-ejercito-publica.html|date=8 March 2021|website=Infodefensa.com|language=es}}</ref> The Italian Centauro II was selected instead.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed heights="150">
File:Xibu zbl08 camo.jpg|ZBL-08 IFV in camouflage
File:Chinese ZTL-11.jpg|ZTL-11 at Theme Exhibition of the 90th Anniversary of Chinese People's Liberation Army.
File:Xibu ztl11 3.jpg|Smoke discharges on ZTL-11 assault gun
File:Xibu zbl08 2.jpg|Chinese and Russian soldiers checking the ZTL-11 assault gun at Sibu/Interaction-2021 military exercises
File:Xibu zbl08 1.jpg|Rear side of ZTL-11
</gallery>

== See also ==
;Related development
* [[Engineering:ZBD-03|ZBD-03]] - airborne combat vehicle developed by China
* [[Engineering:ZBD-04|ZBD-04]] - tracked infantry fighting vehicle developed by China
* [[Engineering:Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle|ZBD-05]] - amphibious fighting vehicle developed by China
* [[Engineering:Type 07P|Type 07P]] - infantry fighting vehicle developed by China for export sales
;Comparable ground systems 
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Stryker}}
**{{annotated link|Engineering:M1128 Mobile Gun System}}
**{{annotated link|Engineering:M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicle}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:LAV III}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:K808 White Tiger}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)|Boxer}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:VBCI}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Freccia IFV}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:VPK-7829 Bumerang}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:CM-32 Armoured Vehicle}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Type 96 Armored Personnel Carrier}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Type 16 maneuver combat vehicle}}
* {{annotated link|Engineering:Patria AMV}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


[[Category:Eight-wheeled vehicles]]

{{Sourceattribution|Type 08}}