View source for Finance:Bermudian dollar

{{Short description|Currency of Bermuda}}
{{EngvarB|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox currency
| image_1 = 
| image_title_1 = 
| image_2 = 
| image_title_2 = 
| iso_code = BMD
| using_countries = {{flag|Bermuda}} (alongside the {{wipe|United States dollar}})
| inflation_rate = 1.9%
| inflation_source_date = ''The World Factbook'', 2017
| pegged_with = United States dollar (at par)
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = [[Finance:Cent (currency)|cent]]
| symbol = [[Finance:Dollar sign|$]]
| frequently_used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 25 cents, $1
| rarely_used_coins = 50 cents, $5
| used_banknotes = $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100
| issuing_authority = Bermuda Monetary Authority
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|bma.bm}}
| issuing_authority_title = [[Finance:Central bank|Monetary authority]]
| date_of_introduction = {{Start date|df=y|1970|02|06}}
| mint = Royal Mint
| printer = De La Rue
}}

The '''Bermudian dollar''' (symbol: [[Finance:Dollar sign|$]]; [[ISO 4217|code]]: '''BMD'''; also abbreviated '''BD$'''; informally called the '''Bermuda dollar''') is the official currency of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda.  It is subdivided into 100&nbsp;[[Finance:Cent (currency)|cent]]s. The Bermudian dollar is not normally traded outside Bermuda, and is [[Finance:Fixed exchange rate system|pegged]] to the {{wipe|United States dollar}} at a one-to-one ratio.  Both currencies circulate in Bermuda on an equal basis.

==History==


For nearly four hundred years Spanish dollars, known as "pieces of eight" were in widespread use on the world's trading routes, including the Caribbean region.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|p=152}} However, following the revolutionary wars in Latin America, the source of these silver trade coins dried up.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|p=23}} The United Kingdom had adopted a very successful gold standard in 1821, and so the year 1825 was an opportune time to introduce the British [[Finance:Pound sterling|sterling]] coinage into all the British colonies.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|p=23}} An imperial Order in Council was passed in that year for the purposes of facilitating this aim by making sterling coinage legal tender in the colonies at the specified rate of 1&nbsp;Spanish dollar to 4&nbsp;shillings, 4&nbsp;pence sterling.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|p=158}} As the sterling silver coins were attached to a gold standard, this exchange rate did not realistically represent the value of the silver in the Spanish dollars as compared to the value of the gold in the British gold sovereign.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|pp=24&ndash;25}} Because of this, the order had the effect in many colonies of driving sterling coinage out of circulation, rather than encouraging its use.{{sfn|Chalmers|1893|p=25}}

Remedial legislation had to be introduced in 1838 so as to change over to the more realistic rating of $1 = 4s 2d. However, in Jamaica, British Honduras, Bermuda, and later in the Bahamas also, the official rating was set aside in favour of what was known as the 'Maccaroni' tradition in which a British shilling, referred to as a 'Maccaroni', was treated as one quarter of a dollar. The common link between these four territories was the Bank of Nova Scotia which brought in the 'Maccaroni' tradition, resulting in the successful introduction of both sterling coinage and sterling accounts.  It wasn't however until 1 January 1842 that the authorities in Bermuda formally decided to make sterling the official currency of the colony to circulate concurrently with Doubloons (64 shillings) at the rate of $1 = 4s 2d.  Contrary to expectations, and unlike in the Bahamas where US dollars circulated concurrently with sterling, the Bermudans did not allow themselves to be drawn into the U. S. currency area.  The Spanish dollars fell away in the 1850s but returned again in the 1870s following the international silver crisis of 1873. In 1874, the Bermuda merchants agreed unanimously to decline to accept the heavy imports of US currency except at a heavy discount, and it was then exported again.  And in 1876, legislation was passed to demonetise the silver dollars for fear of them returning.  In 1882, the local 'legal tender act' demonetised the gold doubloon, which had in effect been the real standard in Bermuda, and this left pounds, shillings, and pence as the sole legal tender.

The pound sterling remained the official currency of Bermuda until 1970, though the Government of Bermuda did issue its own pound banknotes.{{sfn|Standard Catalog of World Paper Money|2009|pp=113&ndash;114}} With US and [[Finance:Canadian dollar|Canadian]] coins regularly appearing in circulation in Bermuda and the possibility of the devaluation of the pound sterling, Bermuda was compelled to adopt its own decimal currency.<ref name="25 years">{{Cite news |title=Taking note of decimal currency, 25 years on |date=7 February 1995 |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/19950207/NEWS/302079974 |access-date=25 July 2013}}</ref> On 6 February 1970, Bermuda introduced a new decimal currency in the form of a dollar. The nascent Bermudian dollars circulated in conjunction with the new British decimal coinage a year before it was [[Decimal Day|introduced in the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haney |first=Thomas V |date=3 May 1970 |newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}} |title=Bermuda's Decimal Pieces |page=131}}</ref> By adopting decimalisation early, Bermuda was also able to place orders for the coinage from the Royal Mint before other [[Organization:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries seeking to decimalise could.<ref name="25 years"/> The link between the Bermudian dollar and the pound sterling was not broken until 31 July 1972, which allowed Bermuda to align to a one-to-one exchange rate with the US dollar.{{sfn|Standard Catalog of World Coins|2010|p=205}} The decision for Bermuda to peg its dollar to the US dollar added convenience for the multitude of American tourists and businesses upon whom Bermuda largely relied.{{sfn|Kennedy|2005|pp=149&ndash;150}}

Since 1972, Bermudian law has required that local businesses charge prices in Bermudian dollars which, if paid in US dollars, must be accepted at a rate of 1:1.  Only banks are legally allowed to exchange Bermudian dollars into US dollars or other currencies, subject to a 1.25% Foreign Currency Purchase Tax (some banks also charge an exchange fee).

==Coins==


Prior to decimalisation and conversion to the dollar, the Government of Bermuda did not issue its own coins, other than the commemorative Bermudian crowns, since the 19th Century at the latest. In 1970, the Bermuda Monetary Authority introduced coinage with denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cents. From its inception, the 1-cent coin was struck out of [[Chemistry:Bronze|bronze]] until 1988, when it was replaced with copper-plated steel. The composition of the 1-cent coin was changed to copper-plated zinc in 1991.{{sfn|Standard Catalog of World Coins|2010|p=205}} All other denominations, at the time, were minted from [[Chemistry:Cupronickel|cupronickel]].  Nickel-[[Chemistry:Brass|brass]] 1-dollar and 5-dollar coins were issued in 1983; neither were very popular, with the 5-dollar coin eventually being withdrawn from circulation on 1 January 1990.<ref name="call 5">{{Cite web |title=Calling in of the 1983 Five Dollar Coin |date=17 November 1989 |work=Laws of Bermuda |id=GN 654/1989 |publisher=Government of Bermuda |url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Calling%20in%20of%20The%201983%20Five%20Dollar%20Coin.pdf |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> New 1-dollar coins that were thinner and one-third lighter than the 1983 issue were produced in 1988.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Bermuda: First $2 Bill and New $1 Coin Unveiled |journal=The Numismatist |publisher=American Numismatic Association |volume=102 |issue=2 |date=February 1989 |page=199}}</ref> The 50-cent denomination was also phased out, with the coins being called in on 1 May 1990.<ref name="call 50">{{Cite web |title=Calling in of the One Dollar Note and the Fifty Cent Circulation Coin |date=30 March 1990 |work=Laws of Bermuda |id=GN 200/1990 |publisher=Government of Bermuda |url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Calling%20in%20of%20the%20One%20Dollar%20Note%20and%20the%20Fifty%20Cent%20Circulation%20Coin.pdf |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> All denominations of Bermuda coinage depict the monarch of the United Kingdom on the obverse. From 1970 through 1985, the royal effigy by Arnold Machin was used, followed by an effigy by Raphael Maklouf from 1986 through 1998.{{sfn|Standard Catalog of World Coins|2010|p=205}} The current obverse, introduced in 1999, is the royal effigy sculpted by Ian Rank-Broadley.

Bermuda has occasionally released commemorative coins to celebrate certain events, historical milestones, flora, and fauna.  These coins bear a face value, but are generally seen more as collector's items or [[Finance:Store of value|stores of value]]. Notable among these are the so-called "Bermuda triangles", which are pressed on special lobed triangular planchets, are minted in gold and silver, and come in denominations divisible by three.
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; width:100%"
! colspan="12" | <span style="font-size:110%">Coins in circulation</span>
|-
! colspan="2" | Image !! rowspan="2" | Value !! rowspan="2" | Composition !! colspan="3" | Technical parameters !! colspan="3" | Description{{sfn|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|1988|pp=4&ndash;5}} !! colspan="2" | Date of
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Mass !! Diameter !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse !! First<br/>minting !! Withdrawal !! Lapse
| rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| rowspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| rowspan="3" | 1&nbsp;cent
| [[Chemistry:Bronze|Bronze]] <small>(1970&ndash;1987)</small>
| 3.11&nbsp;g
| rowspan="3" | 19&nbsp;mm
| rowspan="3" | Plain
| rowspan="3" | Elizabeth II
| rowspan="3" | Wild hog
| rowspan="3" | 1970
| rowspan="3" align="center" | —
| rowspan="3" align="center" | —
| Copper-plated steel<br/><small>(1988&ndash;1990)</small>
| 2.80&nbsp;g
| Copper-plated [[Chemistry:Zinc|zinc]]<br/><small>(1991&ndash;present)</small>
| 2.50&nbsp;g
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 5&nbsp;cents
| [[Chemistry:Cupronickel|Cupronickel]]
| 5.00&nbsp;g
| 21.2&nbsp;mm
| Plain
| Elizabeth II
| [[Biology:Pomacanthidae|Angelfish]]
| 1970
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 10&nbsp;cents
| Cupronickel
| 2.45&nbsp;g
| 17.9&nbsp;mm
| Milled
| Elizabeth II
| [[Biology:Lilium longiflorum|Bermuda Easter lilies]]
| 1970
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 25&nbsp;cents
| Cupronickel
| 5.92&nbsp;g
| 25&nbsp;mm
| Milled
| Elizabeth II
| [[Biology:White-tailed tropicbird|Longtail]] in flight
| 1970
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 50&nbsp;cents
| Cupronickel
| 12.60&nbsp;g
| 30.5&nbsp;mm
| Milled
| Elizabeth II
| Coat of arms of Bermuda
| 1970
| 1 May 1990<ref name="call 50"/>
| 30 April 2000<ref name="call 50"/>
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| rowspan="2" | 1&nbsp;dollar
| rowspan="2" | [[Chemistry:Nickel|Nickel]]&ndash;[[Chemistry:Brass|brass]]
| 9.50&nbsp;g
| 22.5&nbsp;mm
| Milled and inscribed with<br/>"Bermuda Monetary Authority"
| rowspan="2" | Elizabeth II
| Bermuda map and [[Biology:Bermuda petrel|cahow]]
| 1983
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" |
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 7.56&nbsp;g
| 26&nbsp;mm
| Alternating plain and milled
| [[Engineering:Bermuda rig|Bermuda-fitted]] [[Engineering:Dinghy|dinghy]]
| 1988
| align="center" | —
| align="center" | —
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" |
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | 
| 5&nbsp;dollars
| Nickel-brass
| 12.5&nbsp;g
| 25.5&nbsp;mm
| Milled and inscribed with<br/>"Bermuda Monetary Authority"
| Elizabeth II
| Bermuda map and onion
| 1983
| 1 January 1990<ref name="call 5"/>
| 31 December 1999<ref name="call 5"/>
|}

==Banknotes==

In the 20th century, its pound notes were issued in all denominations (and the only coins used were UK ones).  In 1970, the government introduced dollar notes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 dollars. From 1974, the Bermuda Monetary Authority took over paper money production, introducing 100-dollar notes in 1982 and 2 dollars in 1988, when the 1 dollar was replaced by a coin. 1970 dollar notes are all printed with ''Bermuda Government'' across the top. Later notes substitute ''Bermuda Monetary Authority''. All of the "legacy" banknotes were withdrawn from circulation on 1 January 2014, but still able to be exchanged for new banknotes for 10&nbsp;years.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Old style bank notes to be retired |date=6 June 2013 |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |last=Bell |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130606/NEWS/706069935 |access-date=7 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Cash in those old notes |last=Bell |first=Jonathan |work=Royal Gazette |date=28 November 2013 |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20131128/NEWS/131129688 |access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref> Including the original 1970 series, all horizontal-style banknotes will be phased out in favour of the vertical, 2009 series.<ref>{{Cite press release |publisher=Bermuda Monetary Authority |date=5 June 2013 |title=The Bermuda Monetary Authority Calls in Old Bermuda Banknotes |url=http://www.bma.bm/BMANEWS/BMA%20Calls%20in%20Old%20Bermuda%20Banknotes.pdf |access-date=7 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905113334/http://www.bma.bm/BMANEWS/BMA%20Calls%20in%20Old%20Bermuda%20Banknotes.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; width:100%"
! colspan="11" | <span style="font-size:110%">2000 series</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" | Pick<br/>No. !! colspan="2" | Image !! rowspan="2" | Value !! rowspan="2" | Dimensions<ref name="BMA 1992">{{Cite web |title=Bermuda Monetary Authority (Currency Forms and Designs, etc.) Regulations 1992 |date=9 October 1992 |publisher=Government of Bermuda |id=BR 42/1992 |url=http://www.commonlii.org/bm/legis/consol_act/bmafader1992694/ |access-date=10 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905133622/http://www.commonlii.org/bm/legis/consol_act/bmafader1992694 |archive-date=5 September 2008 }}</ref> !! rowspan="2" | Main Colours{{sfn|Standard Catalog of World Paper Money|2009|pp=117&ndash;118}} !! colspan="3" | Description<ref name="BMA 1992"/>{{sfn|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|1988|pp=2&ndash;3}} !! colspan="2" | Date of 
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Watermark !! First printing !! Withdrawal
|-
! 50
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0050.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0050.htm]
! align="right" | $2
| rowspan="6" | 140 × 68&nbsp;mm
| Blue and green on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and [[Biology:Seahorse|seahorse]]
| Map of Bermuda and Royal Naval Dockyard 
| rowspan="6" | [[Biology:Tuna|Tuna]] fish
| rowspan="6" | 24 May 2000
| rowspan="6" | 1 January 2014
|-
! 51
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0051.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0051.htm]
! align="right" | $5
| Purple and burgundy on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and [[Biology:Conch|Conch]] shell
| St. David's Lighthouse and town of St. George's
|-
! 52
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0052.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0052.htm]
! align="right" | $10
| Dark blue and mauve on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and [[Biology:Nerium|Oleander]] flowers
| Flatt's Inlet, [[Biology:Bermuda petrel|cahow]], and seashell
|-
! 53
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0053.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0053.htm]
! align="right" | $20
| Green and red on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and Burnaby House
| Ely's Harbour and Somerset Bridge
|-
! 54
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" |
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" |
! align="right" | $50
| Bluish black, red and brown on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and Commissioner's House
| Map of Bermuda and Scuba divers exploring shipwreck
|-
! 55
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0055.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0055.htm]
! align="right" | $100
| Red-orange and brown on multicolour
| Elizabeth II and Bermudiana flowers
| House of Assembly of Bermuda and Camden House
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; width:100%"
! colspan="11" | <span style="font-size:110%">Commemorative series</span>
|-
!rowspan="2" | Pick<br/>No. !! colspan="2" | Image !! rowspan="2" | Value !! rowspan="2" | Dimensions<ref name="BMA 1992"/> !! rowspan="2" | Main colour !! colspan="3" | Description<ref name="BMA 1992"/>{{sfn|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|1988|pp=2&ndash;3}} !! colspan="2" | Date of
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Watermark !! Printing !! Withdrawal
|-
! 40
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0040.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0040.htm]
! align="right" | $50
| rowspan="4" | 140 × 68&nbsp;mm
| rowspan="4" | Multicolour
| Elizabeth II and Commissioner's House<br/>''Christopher Columbus Quincentenary 1492&ndash;1992''
| Map of Bermuda and scuba divers exploring shipwreck
| rowspan="4"| [[Biology:Tuna|Tuna]] fish
| 12 October 1992
| rowspan="4"| 1 January 2014
|-
! 46
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0046.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0046.htm]
! align="right" | $100
| Elizabeth II and Bermudiana flowers<br/>''25th Anniversary Bermuda Monetary Authority 1969&ndash;1994''
| House of Assembly of Bermuda and Camden House
| 20 February 1994
|-
! 47
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0047.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0047.htm]
! align="right" | $20
| Elizabeth II and Burnaby House<br/>''To commemorate the opening of the 'Burnaby House' by the Bermuda Monetary Authority''
| Ely's Harbour and Somerset Bridge
| 17 January 1997
|-
! 56
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0056.htm]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AME/BER/BER0056.htm]
! align="right" | $50
| Elizabeth II and Commissioner's House<br/>''To Commemorate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II 1953&ndash;2003''
| Map of Bermuda and scuba divers exploring shipwreck
| 2 June 2003
|-
|}

=== Redesign ===

In 2008, it was announced that banknotes would be redesigned in celebration of Bermuda's 400th anniversary, the first redesign since the launch of the dollar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Alex |title=BMA to issue new-look banknotes |date=22 January 2008 |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20080122/BUSINESS/301229979 |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> The new designs were described as "distinctly Bermudian",<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bma.bm/uploaded/Posters.pdf |title=Notes of Distinction |publisher=Bermuda Monetary Authority |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718120630/http://www.bma.bm/uploaded/Posters.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2011 |access-date=13 July 2009}}
</ref> with Queen Elizabeth II being relegated to a minor position,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Breaking News: Queen moved as main image of Bermuda bank notes |date=24 November 2012 |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20081124/NEWS/311249996 |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> using a royal effigy by Machin.<ref>Julia Lee, ''Stamp Magazine'' #75-11, November 2009, page 28, confirmed by pictures of the notes reproduced on [http://banknotenews.com/files/d04c491163ab3b4b97e26251ac3925e2-452.php "Bermuda issues new note series"], ''Banknote News'', 28 March 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.</ref> They feature themes and scenes of maritime Bermuda, and like their predecessors are coloured by value. The serial number prefix on the first million notes is that of a Bermuda onion; subsequent notes will bear a conventional prefix. The series was issued on 9 March 2009.<ref name="release">{{Cite press release |title=Bermuda Monetary Authority Releases New Redesigned Banknote Series |date=9 March 2009 |publisher=Bermuda Monetary Authority |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150459/http://www.bma.bm/uploaded/65-News-090309_BMA_Press_Release_New_Banknote_Release_FINAL.pdf |url=http://www.bma.bm/uploaded/65-News-090309_BMA_Press_Release_New_Banknote_Release_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> The Bermuda Monetary Authority was awarded "Bank Note of the Year" by the International Banknote Society for the design of the new $2&nbsp;banknote.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doyle |first=Connor |date=23 June 2012 |title=BMA accepts international best banknote award for the $2 bill |newspaper=The Royal Gazette |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20100623/BUSINESS/306239993 |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> The 2009-series $50&nbsp;banknote was modified in August&nbsp;2012 to depict the correct species of longtail native to Bermuda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burgess |first=Don |title=New $50 depicts correct longtail |date=1 August 2012 |newspaper=Bermuda Sun |url=http://bermudasun.bm/main.asp?SectionID=72&SubSectionID=205&ArticleID=59874 |access-date=9 August 2012}}</ref> Originally, it erroneously depicted the [[Biology:Red-billed tropicbird|red-billed tropicbird]] and was changed to the indigenous [[Biology:White-tailed tropicbird|white-tailed tropicbird]].

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; font-size:90%; width:100%"
! colspan="12" | <span style="font-size:110%">2009 series</span>
|-
! rowspan="2" | Pick<br/>No. !! colspan="2" | Image !! rowspan="2" | Value !! rowspan="2" | Dimensions{{sfn|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|2007|p=2}} !! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Main Colour !! colspan="3" | Description{{sfn|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|2007|pp=3&ndash;4}} !! colspan="2" | Date of
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Watermark !! First printing !! Issue
|-
! 57
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-2-dollars-banknote-2009-bluebird.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-2-dollars-banknote-2009-bluebird.html]
| align="left" | $2
| rowspan="6" | 140 × 68&nbsp;mm
| bgcolor="#AFEEEE" | || Turquoise
| Bluebird (''Sialia sialis'')
| Dockyard Clock Tower and statue of [[Religion:Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Biology:Hibiscus|Hibiscus]] flower
| rowspan="6" | 1 January 2009
| rowspan="6" | 9 March 2009<ref name="release"/>
|-
! 58
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-5-dollars-banknote-2009-blue-marlin.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000"| [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-5-dollars-banknote-2009-blue-marlin.html]
| align="left" | $5
| bgcolor="#F19CBB" | || Pink
| [[Biology:Atlantic blue marlin|Blue marlin]] (''Makaira nigricans'')
| Horseshoe Bay Beach and Somerset Bridge
|-
! 59
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-10-dollars-banknote-2009-blue-angelfish.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-10-dollars-banknote-2009-blue-angelfish.html]
| align="left" | $10
| bgcolor="#D8BFD8" | || Purple
| [[Biology:Bermuda blue angelfish|Blue angelfish]] (''Holacanthus bermudensis'')
| ''Deliverance'' and Commissioner's House
|-
! 60
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-20-dollars-banknote-2009-whistling-frog.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-20-dollars-banknote-2009-whistling-frog.html]
| align="left" | $20
| bgcolor="#74C365" | || Green
| [[Biology:Antilles coqui|Whistling frog]] (''Eleutherodactylus johnstonei'')
| Gibbs Hill Lighthouse and St. Mark's Church
|-
! 61
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-50-dollars-banknote-2009-longtail.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-50-dollars-banknote-2009-longtail.html]
| align="left" | $50
| bgcolor="#FBEC5D" | || Yellow
| [[Biology:White-tailed tropicbird|Longtail]] (''Phaethon lepturus'')
| St. Peter's Church
|-
! 62
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-100-dollars-banknote-2009-red-cardinal.html]
| align="center" bgcolor="#000000" | [https://moneycurrencypictures.blogspot.com/2018/11/bermuda-currency-money-100-dollars-banknote-2009-red-cardinal.html]
| align="left" | $100
| bgcolor="#E34234" | || Red
| [[Biology:Northern cardinal|Red cardinal]] (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') on a branch of [[Biology:Loquat|loquat]] (''Eriobotrya japonica'')
| House of Assembly of Bermuda and [[Biology:Bermuda petrel|Bermuda petrel]] (''Pterodroma cahow'')
|-
|}


== See also ==
* Economy of Bermuda

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Sources ==

{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite web |title=Bermuda Monetary Act 1969 |date=20 February 1969 |url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Bermuda%20Monetary%20Authority%20Act%201969.pdf |publisher=Government of Bermuda |access-date=24 July 2013 |ref={{sfnRef|"Bermuda Monetary Act 1969"|1969}}}}
* {{Cite web |title=Bermuda Monetary Authority (Currency Forms and Designs, etc.) Regulations 1988 |date=8 July 1988 |id=BR 44/1988 |url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Bermuda%20Monetary%20Authority%20(Currency%20Forms%20and%20Designs,%20Etc.)%20Regulations%201988.pdf |publisher=Government of Bermuda |access-date=9 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|1988}}}}
* {{Cite web |title=Bermuda Monetary Authority (Currency Forms and Designs, etc.) Regulations 2007 |date=22 October 2007 |id=BR 92/2007 |pages=3&ndash;4 |url=http://www.bermudalaws.bm/Laws/Consolidated%20Laws/Bermuda%20Monetary%20Authority%20(Currency%20Forms%20and%20Designs,%20Etc.)%20Regulations%202007.pdf |publisher=Government of Bermuda |access-date=9 August 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|"Bermuda Monetary Authority"|2007}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chalmers |first=Robert |title=A History of Currency in the British Colonies |location=London |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office |year=1893 }}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Cuhaj |editor-first=George S |title=Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901&ndash;2000 |year=2010 |edition=37th |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=978-0-89689-814-1 |ref={{sfnRef|Standard Catalog of World Coins|2010}}}}
* {{Cite book |editor-last=Cuhaj |editor-first=George S |title=Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: 1961&ndash;present |year=2009 |edition=15th |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=978-0-89689-837-0 |ref={{sfnRef|Standard Catalog of World Paper Money|2009}}}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Neil MacRae |chapter=Bermuda |title=Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History |volume=1 |publisher=[[Company:ABC-CLIO|ABC-CLIO]] |year=2005 |pages=147&ndash;150 |isbn=1-85109-431-8 }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==

* [http://www.bma.bm Bermuda Monetary Authority]
* [http://www.bermuda-online.org/money.htm Essential facts about the Bermuda dollar] (geared toward overseas visitors)


[[Category:Circulating currencies]]
[[Category:Fixed exchange rate]]

{{Sourceattribution|Bermudian dollar}}