View source for Finance:World Bank high-income economy

{{Short description|Income classification for countries}}
A '''high-income economy''' is defined by the [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]] as a country with a [[Finance:Gross national income|gross national income]] per capita of US$13,845 or more in 2022, calculated using the [[Finance:Atlas method|Atlas method]].<ref name="wb"/> While the term "high-income" is often used interchangeably with "[[Finance:First World|First World]]" and "[[Finance:Developed country|developed country]]," the technical definitions of these terms differ. The term "first world" commonly refers to countries that aligned themselves with the {{wipe|United States}} and NATO during the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]]. Several institutions, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or [[Organization:International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), take factors other than high [[Finance:Per capita income|per capita income]] into account when classifying countries as "developed" or "advanced economies." According to the {{wipe|United Nations}}, for example, some high-income countries may also be developing countries. The GCC countries, for example, are classified as developing high-income countries. Thus, a high-income country may be classified as either developed or [[Finance:Developing country|developing]].<ref name="UN. (2005). UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics.">{{cite web|url=http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/tdstat30_enfr.pdf|title=UN. (2005). UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics.|accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref> Although [[Religion:Vatican City|Vatican City]] is a [[Earth:Sovereign state|sovereign state]], it is not classified by the World Bank under this definition.

[[File:High-income economies 2019.png|thumb|A map of World Bank high-income economies in 2019; high-income economies are indicated in blue, while former high-income economies are shown in teal.|alt=|center|500x500px]]

==List of high-income economies (as of 2024 fiscal year)==
According to the World Bank the following 83 countries (including territories) are classified as "high-income economies."<ref name="wb">[http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income Country and Lending Groups.] [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]]. Accessed on July 1, 2023.</ref> In brackets are the year(s) during which they held such classification; classifying began in 1987.
As of the 2024 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $13,845 or more in 2022.<ref name="wb" />

===High income UN members===
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* {{flag|Andorra}} (1990–present)
* {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} (2002, 2005–08, 2012–present)
* {{flag|Australia}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Austria}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|The Bahamas}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Bahrain}} (1987–89, 2001–present)
* {{flag|Barbados}} (1989, 2000, 2002, 2006–present)
* {{flag|Belgium}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Brunei}} (1987, 1990–present)
* {{flag|Canada}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Chile}} (2012–present)
* {{flag|Croatia}} (2008–15, 2017–present)
* {{flag|Cyprus}} (1988–present)
* {{flag|Czech Republic}} (2006–present)
* {{flag|Denmark}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Estonia}} (2006–present)
* {{flag|Finland}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|France}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Germany}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Greece}} (1996–present)
* {{flag|Guyana}} (2022–present)
* {{flag|Hungary}} (2007–11, 2014–present)
* {{flag|Iceland}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Ireland}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Israel}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Italy}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Japan}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|South Korea}} (1995–97, 2001–present)
* {{flag|Kuwait}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Latvia}} (2009, 2012–present)
* {{flag|Liechtenstein}} (1994–present)
* {{flag|Lithuania}} (2012–present)
* {{flag|Luxembourg}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Malta}} (1989, 1998, 2000, 2002–present)
* {{flag|Monaco}} (1994–present)
* {{flag|Nauru}} (2015, 2019–present)
* {{flag|Netherlands}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|New Zealand}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Norway}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Oman}} (2007–present)
* {{flag|Panama}} (2017–19, 2021–present)
* {{flag|Poland}} (2009–present)
* {{flag|Portugal}} (1994–present)
* {{flag|Qatar}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Romania}} (2019, 2021–present)
* {{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} (2011–present)
* {{flag|San Marino}} (1991–93, 2000–present)
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} (1987–89, 2004–present)
* {{flag|Seychelles}} (2014–present)
* {{flag|Singapore}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Slovakia}} (2007–present)
* {{flag|Slovenia}} (1997–present)
* {{flag|Spain}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Sweden}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Switzerland}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} (2006–present)
* {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|United Kingdom}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|United States}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Uruguay}} (2012–present)
*{{div col end}}

===High income non-UN members===
{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* {{flag|American Samoa}} (1987–89, 2022–present)
* {{flag|Aruba}} (1987–90, 1994–present)
* {{flag|Bermuda}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} (2015–present)
* {{flag|Cayman Islands}} (1993–present)
* {{flagicon|Guernsey}} / {{flagicon|Jersey}} Channel Islands (1987–present)
* {{flag|Curaçao}} (1994–present)<sup>a</sup>
* {{flag|Faroe Islands}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|French Polynesia}} (1990–present)
* {{flag|Gibraltar}} (2009–10, 2015–present)
* {{flag|Greenland}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Guam}} (1987–89, 1995–present)
* {{flag|Hong Kong}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Isle of Man}} (1987–89, 2002–present)
* {{flag|Macao}} (1994–present)
* {{flag|New Caledonia|local}} (1995–present)
* {{flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} (1995–2001, 2007–present)
* {{flag|Puerto Rico}} (1989, 2002–present)
* {{flag|Saint Martin}} (2010–present)
* {{flag|Sint Maarten}} (1994–present)<sup>a</sup>
* {{flag|Taiwan}} (1987–present)
* {{flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} (2009–present)
* {{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} (1987–present)
{{div col end}}

===Former high-income economies===
The year(s) during which they held such classification is/are shown in parentheses.<ref name="worldbank1">{{cite web|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/Trac.xls |title=comparison with the previous fiscal year |publisher=World Bank |date= |accessdate=2018-04-22}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=28em}}
* {{flag|Argentina}} (2014, 2017)
* {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} (2007–14)
* {{flag|Mauritius}} (2019)
* {{flag|Mayotte}} (1990)
* {{flag|Netherlands Antilles}} (1994–2009)<sup>b</sup>
* {{flag|Palau}} (2016–20)
* {{Flag|Russia}} (2012–14)
* {{flag|Venezuela}} (2014)
{{div col end}}

<sup>a</sup> <small>Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the {{flag|Netherlands Antilles}}.</small>
<sup>b</sup> <small>Dissolved on 10 October 2010. Succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.</small>

==Historical thresholds==

The high-income threshold was originally set in 1989 at US$6,000 in 1987 prices. Thresholds for subsequent years were adjusted taking into account the average [[Finance:Inflation|inflation]] in the [[Organization:Group of Five|G-5 countries]] ({{wipe|United States}}, the United Kingdom, {{wipe|Japan}}, {{wipe|Germany}}, and {{wipe|France}}), and from 2001, that of {{wipe|Japan}}, the {{wipe|United Kingdom}}, the {{wipe|United States}}, and the eurozone.<ref>[http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20452009~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html The Atlas Method], [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]].</ref> Thus, the thresholds remain constant in real terms over time.<ref name="worldbank1"/> To ensure no country falls right on the threshold, country data are rounded to the nearest 10 and income thresholds are rounded to the nearest 5.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Interim Measure for calculating financial contributions: review of cut-off points defining capacity-to-pay groups |url=http://iwcoffice.org/_documents/commission/future/60-F&A4.pdf |work=Agenda item 4|date=2008-06-04}}</ref>

The following table shows the high-income threshold from 1987 onwards. Countries with a GNI per capita (calculated using the Atlas method) above this threshold are classified by the World Bank as "high-income economies."<ref name="worldbank1"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! GNI per capita (US$) !! Date of<br>classification
|-
| 1987 || 6,000 || {{dts|1988-10-02}}
|-
| 1988 || 6,000 || {{dts|1989-09-13}}
|-
| 1989 || 6,000 || {{dts|1990-08-29}}
|-
| 1990 || 7,620 || {{dts|1991-09-11}}
|-
| 1991 || 7,910 || {{dts|1992-08-24}}
|-
| 1992 || 8,355 || {{dts|1993-09-09}}
|-
| 1993 || 8,625 || {{dts|1994-09-02}}
|-
| 1994 || 8,955 || {{dts|1995-06-08}}
|-
| 1995 || 9,385 || {{dts|1996-06-03}}
|-
| 1996 || 9,645 || {{dts|1997-07-01}}
|-
| 1997 || 9,655 || {{dts|1998-07-01}}
|-
| 1998 || 9,360 || {{dts|1999-07-01}}
|-
| 1999 || 9,265 || {{dts|2000-07-01}}
|-
| 2000 || 9,265 || {{dts|2001-07-01}}
|-
| 2001 || 9,205 || {{dts|2002-07-01}}
|-
| 2002 || 9,075 || {{dts|2003-07-01}}
|-
| 2003 || 9,385 || {{dts|2004-07-01}}
|-
| 2004 || 10,065 || {{dts|2005-07-01}}
|-
| 2005 || 10,725 || {{dts|2006-07-01}}
|-
| 2006 || 11,115 || {{dts|2007-07-01}}
|-
| 2007 || 11,455 || {{dts|2008-07-01}}
|-
| 2008 || 11,905 || {{dts|2009-07-01}}
|-
| 2009 || 12,195 || {{dts|2010-07-01}}
|-
| 2010 || 12,275 || {{dts|2011-07-01}}
|-
| 2011 || 12,475 || {{dts|2012-07-01}}
|-
| 2012 || 12,615 || {{dts|2013-07-01}}
|-
| 2013 || 12,745 || {{dts|2014-07-01}}
|-
| 2014 || 12,735 || {{dts|2015-07-01}}
|-
| 2015 || 12,475 || {{dts|2016-07-01}}
|-
| 2016 || 12,236 || {{dts|2017-07-01}}
|-
| 2017 || 12,056 || {{dts|2018-07-01}}
|-
| 2018 || 12,376 || {{dts|2019-07-01}}
|-
| 2019 || 12,536 || {{dts|2020-07-01}}
|-
| 2020 || 12,696 || {{dts|2021-07-01}}
|-
| 2021 || 13,205 || {{dts|2022-07-01}}
|-
| 2022 || 13,845 || {{dts|2023-07-01}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Finance:Developed country#High-income OECD members|High-income OECD country]]
* [[Finance:Developed country|Developed country]]
* [[Finance:Developing country|Developing country]]
* [[Finance:Least developed countries|Least developed countries]]
* [[Global North and Global South]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Economic country classifications]]

{{Sourceattribution|World Bank high-income economy}}