View source for Help:IPA/Romanian

{{IPA key|H:IPA-RO|H:IPANR}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents Romanian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-ro}}, {{tl|IPAc-ro}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See Romanian phonology and Romanian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Romanian.

{| style="background: none"
|
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=3 | Consonants
|-
!IPA !! Examples in Romanian || English approximation
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| '''''b'''an'' || a'''b'''out
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}</big>
| '''''d'''op'' || to'''d'''ay
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big><ref name="affricate">The affricates may be written more precisely with tie-bars: {{IPAblink|t͡s}}, {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}, but they are omitted in transcriptions as they do not display correctly in all browsers. However, the affricates contrast with the plosive–fricative sequences: {{IPA|[}}{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}{{IPAlink|s}}{{IPA|]}}, {{IPA|[}}{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}{{IPAlink|ʃ}}{{IPA|]}} and {{IPA|[}}{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}{{IPAlink|ʒ}}{{IPA|]}}. Usually, the spelling of the Romanian word indicates the pronunciation, with the affricates spelled ''ț, c, g'', with one letter, and the sequences spelled ''ts, tș, dj'', with two. However, personal names are the most common exceptions.</ref>
| '''''g'''er'' || '''g'''ender
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| '''''f'''oc'' || '''f'''ace
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| '''''g'''ol'', ''un'''gh'''ie'' || a'''g'''ain
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
| '''''h'''orn'' || '''h'''at
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| '''''c'''al'', '''''ch'''ip'', '''''k'''ilogram'', '''''q'''uasar'' || s'''k'''ip
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| '''''l'''ună'' || '''l'''ove
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
| '''''m'''ic'' || '''m'''oon
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|n̪|n}}</big>
| '''''n'''or'' || '''n'''ame
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big><ref>Not a separate phoneme but an allophone of {{IPA|/n/}} before velars.</ref>
| ''lu'''n'''g'' || lo'''ng'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| '''''p'''as'' || s'''p'''an
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
| '''''r'''ac'', ''ma'''r'''e''
|| cu'''r'''d (''Scottish English'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s̪|s}}</big>
| '''''s'''are'' || '''s'''un
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| '''''ș'''arpe'' || '''sh'''ape
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
| '''''t'''are'' || s'''t'''op
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t̪͡s̪|ts}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| '''''ț'''ară'' || ca'''ts'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|tʃ}}</big><ref name="affricate"/>
| '''''c'''er'' || '''ch'''oose
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| '''''v'''al'', '''''w'''att'' || '''v'''oice
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|z̪|z}}</big>
| '''''z'''id'' || '''z'''one
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
| '''''j'''ar'' || mea'''s'''ure
|-
! colspan=3 | Non-native consonants
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
| ''Sali'''gn'''y'' || ''roughly like'' ca'''ny'''on
|}
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=3 | Vowels
|-
!IPA !! Examples in Romanian || English approximation
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| '''''a'''pă'' || ''roughly like'' f'''a'''ther
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|e̞|e}}</big>
| '''''e'''rou'' || ''roughly like'' b'''e'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ə}}</big>
| ''român'''ă''''' || '''a'''bout
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| '''''i'''nel'', ''m'''i'''e'' || b'''ee'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɨ}}</big>
| '''''î'''nspre'', ''c'''â'''rnat'' || ros'''e'''s (''for some English dialects'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|o̞|o}}</big>
| '''''o'''raș'' || l'''aw''' (''British English'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|u}}</big>|| '''''u'''da'', ''d'''u'''al'' || f'''oo'''l
|-
!colspan=3 | Non-native vowels
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɑ̃}}</big>
| ''H'''en'''ri'' || r'''en'''dez-vous, ''roughly like'' '''on'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɛ̃}}</big>
| ''chem'''in''' de fer'' || coq au v'''in''', ''roughly like'' m'''an'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ø̞|ø}}</big>
| ''bl'''eu''''', ''l'''oe'''ss'', ''chemin d'''e''' fer'' || ''roughly like'' s'''i'''r
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|y}}</big>
| ''ecr'''u''''', ''f'''ü'''rer'' || ''roughly like'' f'''ew'''
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
! colspan="3" | Semivowels<ref name="semivowels">The approximants {{IPA|/j/}} and {{IPA|/w/}} can appear before and after vowels, including the diphthongs {{IPA|/e̯a/}} and {{IPA|/o̯a/}}, in almost any combination.</ref>
|-
!IPA !! Examples in Romanian || English approximation
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|'''''i'''arnă'', ''cre'''i'''oane'', ''ra'''i''''', '''''y'''oga''
|'''y'''ou ''or'' bo'''y'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
| ''băcă'''u'''an'', ''dulă'''u''''', [[Software:Twitter|''T'''w'''itter'']]
|'''w'''ine ''or'' co'''w'''
|-
! colspan="3" | Diphthongs<ref name="semivowels"/>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|e̯a}}</big>
| ''b'''ea'''tă'', ''Andre'''ea'''''
|short {{IPAblink|e̞|e}} followed by full {{IPAblink|ä|a}}; similar to '''''ya'''rd''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|e̯o}}</big>
| ''vr'''eo'''''
|short {{IPAblink|e̞|e}} followed by full {{IPAblink|o̞|o}}; similar to '''''yaw'''n''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|o̯a}}</big>
| ''f'''oa'''rte'', ''gă'''oa'''ce''
|short {{IPAblink|o̞|o}} followed by full {{IPAblink|ä|a}}; similar to '''''wa'''gon''
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-left: #fff solid 1px; border-right:  #fff solid 1px" | &nbsp;
|-
!colspan=3| Other symbols
|-
! IPA
! Examples !! Explanation
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
| ''dulău'' {{IPA|[duˈləw]}}
| primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ˌ}}</big>
| ''extraordinar'' {{IPA|[ˌekstra.ordiˈnar]}}
| secondary stress
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPA|.}}</big>
| ''mie'' {{IPA|[ˈmi.e]}}
| syllable marker, generally used between vowels in hiatus
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʲ}}</big><ref name="pal">Palatalization occurs only with a single final ''i''.</ref>
| ''rup'''i''''' {{IPA|[ˈrupʲ]}}
| palatalization (placed after the palatalized consonant)
|}
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
*{{citation
|last=Chițoran
|first=Ioana
|year=2001
|title=The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach
|place=Berlin & New York
|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter
|isbn=3110167662
}}

{{IPA keys}}

{{Sourceattribution|Romanian}}