View source for Help:IPA/Turkish

{{IPA key|H:IPA-TR}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Social:Turkish language|Turkish language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-tr}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

For a more in-depth coverage of the sounds of Turkish, see Turkish phonology.
{|
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants
|-
! IPA
! Example
! English<br />approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr bebek.ogg|'''b'''e'''b'''ek|help=no}}
| a'''b'''out
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|β}}</big>
| '''v'''ücut<ref name="v">{{IPA|/v/}} surfaces as {{IPAblink|β}} when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).</ref>
| ''like'' '''v'''ase, ''but with both lips''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|c}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr şekil.ogg|şe'''k'''il|help=no}}<ref name="velar">{{IPA|[c~k]}},  {{IPA|[ɟ~ɡ]}}, and {{IPA|[l~ɫ]}} contrast only in loanwords before {{angbr|â, û}} vs. {{angbr|a, u}}. In native words, {{IPA|[c, ɟ, l]}} occur before front vowels ({{IPA|[æ, e, i, œ, y]}}) and {{IPA|[k, ɡ, ɫ]}} occur before back vowels ({{IPA|[a, o, u, ɯ]}}); word-finally or preconsonantally, {{IPA|[c, ɟ, l]}} occur after front vowels and {{IPA|[k, ɡ, ɫ]}} occur after back vowels.</ref>
| s'''k'''ew
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>
| {{audio|Tur-madde.ogg|ma'''dd'''e|help=no}}
| a'''d'''o
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
| {{audio|Ocak.ogg|o'''c'''ak|help=no}}
| '''j'''ump
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>
| '''f'''ar
| '''f'''ood
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big>
| '''g'''am<ref name="velar" />
| a'''g'''o
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɟ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr gerçek.ogg|'''g'''erçek|help=no}}<ref name="velar" />
| ar'''g'''ue
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|h}}</big>
| {{audio|Anahtar.ogg|ana'''h'''tar|help=no}}
| '''h'''ome
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr hayat.ogg|ha'''y'''at|help=no}}, dü'''ğ'''ün<ref name="soft g">In Turkish, the letter {{angbr|ğ}} (also called ''yumuşak g'', 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context:

* in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ''ağır'' ('heavy') {{IPA|[aˈɯɾ]}}, ''ağa'' ('Agha') {{IPA|[aˈa]}}.
* in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: ''dağ'' ('mountain') {{IPA|[daː]}}, ''doğru'' ('true') {{IPA|[doːɾu]}}.
** if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: ''eğlence'' ('fun') {{IPA|[ejlænˈdʒe]}}
* in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a {{angbr|g}}, for example: ''Olğun'' {{IPA|[oɫˈɡun]}} </ref>
| '''y'''es
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| {{audio|Kabak.ogg|'''k'''aba'''k'''|help=no}}<ref name="velar" />
| s'''c'''ore
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|l}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr bilinç.ogg|bi'''l'''inç|help=no}}
| '''l'''ate
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɫ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-kulak.ogg|ku'''l'''ak|help=no}}<ref name="velar" />
| tai'''l'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-cuma.ogg|cu'''m'''a|help=no}}
| '''m'''uch
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr nesne.ogg|'''n'''es'''n'''e|help=no}}
| '''n'''ot
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big>
| e'''n'''gin<ref name="ny">{{IPAblink|ɲ}} appears as an allophone of {{IPAslink|n}} before the consonants {{IPAblink|ɟ}} and {{IPAblink|c}}.</ref>
| ca'''ny'''on
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>
| ya'''n'''gın<ref name="ng">{{IPAblink|ŋ}} appears as an allophone of {{IPAslink|n}} before the consonants {{IPAblink|ɡ}} and {{IPAblink|k}}.</ref>
| wi'''ng'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-pazar.ogg|'''p'''azar|help=no}}
| s'''p'''an
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɾ}}</big>
| {{audio|Anahtarlar.ogg|anahta'''r'''la'''r'''|help=no}}
| ''AmE'' pre'''tt'''y ''or Scottish'' '''r'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big>
| {{audio|Tur-sinek.ogg|'''s'''inek|help=no}}
| '''s'''end
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-kişi.ogg|ki'''ş'''i|help=no}}
| '''sh'''oe
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big>
| {{audio|Turkce.ogg|'''T'''ürkçe|help=no}}
| s'''t'''able
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
| {{audio|Çivi.ogg|'''ç'''ivi|help=no}}
| '''ch'''ange
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| {{audio|Çivi.ogg|çi'''v'''i|help=no}}<ref name="v"/>
| '''v'''ase
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|z}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-pazar.ogg|pa'''z'''ar|help=no}}
| '''z'''one
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| '''j'''ilet
| lei'''s'''ure
|}
| style="padding-left: 1em; vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels
|-
! IPA
! Example
! English<br />approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big>
| {{audio|Kabak.ogg|k'''a'''b'''a'''k|help=no}}
| f'''a'''ther
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr erkek.ogg|'''e'''rkek|help=no}}<ref>Allophone of {{IPAslink|e̞|e}} before liquids {{IPA|[l, m, n, ɾ]}} in coda/syllable-final position, and in the suffix ''-mez''</ref>
| c'''a'''t
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e̞|e}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr erkek.ogg|erk'''e'''k|help=no}}
| b'''e'''d
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| {{audio|Çivi.ogg|ç'''i'''v'''i'''|help=no}}
| cr'''ee'''k
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|o̞|o}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr-tokmak.ogg|t'''o'''kmak|help=no}}
| st'''o'''ry
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ø̞|œ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr özgürlük.ogg|'''ö'''zgürlük|help=no}}
| ''somewhat like''  b'''ir'''d
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| {{audio|Tr tr ruh.ogg|r'''u'''h|help=no}}
| s'''ou'''p
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɯ}}</big>
| {{audio|Tur-kış.ogg|k'''ı'''ş|help=no}}
| ''somewhat like'' ros'''e'''s
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big>
| {{audio|Turkce.ogg|T'''ü'''rkçe|help=no}}
| ''somewhat like'' c'''ue'''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Suprasegmentals
|-
! IPA
! colspan="2" | Examples
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big>
| colspan="2" | ''torbalı'' {{IPA|[toɾbaˈɫɯ]}} 'with bag'<br />''Torbalı'' {{IPA|[ˈtoɾbaɫɯ]}} (a place name)<ref>In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable (see Sezer stress), and other words (excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable.</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ː}}</big>
| ''â, î, û''<ref name="sapka">''Düzeltme işareti'' (Turkish for "correction mark") {{angbr|^}} is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter {{angbr|k}} represents {{IPAblink|c}}, the letter {{angbr|g}} represents {{IPAblink|ɟ}} or the letter {{angbr|l}} represents {{IPAblink|l}} before back vowels {{IPAblink|ä|a}} and {{IPAblink|u}}.<br>Yet the ''düzeltme işareti'' is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word {{wikt-lang|tr|katil}} means "murder" when it is pronounced as {{IPA|[kaˈtil]}}, but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as {{IPA|[kaːˈtil]}}. The letter {{angbr|a}} is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound {{IPAslink|k}} does not become {{IPAslink|c}} in this case.<br>{{angbr|î}} is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.</ref>, ''ğ''<ref name="soft g" />
| '''''oğ'''lan'' {{Audio-IPA|Tr tr oğlan.ogg|[oːˈɫan]|help=no}} 'boy'
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{IPA keys}}

{{Sourceattribution|Turkish}}