View source for List of mathematical symbols by subject

{{Short description|none}}
{{mergeto|Glossary of mathematical symbols|date=August 2023}}
The following '''list of mathematical symbols by subject''' features a selection of the most common symbols used in modern [[Mathematical notation|mathematical notation]] within [[Formula|formula]]s, grouped by mathematical topic. As it is impossible to know if a complete list existing today of all symbols used in history is a representation of all ever used in history, as this would necessitate knowing if extant records are of all usages, only those symbols which occur often in mathematics or mathematics education are included. Many of the characters are standardized, for example in DIN 1302 ''General mathematical symbols'' or DIN EN ISO 80000-2 ''Quantities and units – Part 2: Mathematical signs for science and technology''.

The following list is largely limited to non-alphanumeric characters. It is divided by areas of mathematics and grouped within sub-regions. Some symbols have a different meaning depending on the context and appear accordingly several times in the list. Further information on the symbols and their meaning can also be found in the respective linked articles.

==Guide==

The following information is provided for each mathematical symbol:

;Symbol: The symbol as it is represented by [[Software:LaTeX|LaTeX]]. If there are several typographic variants, only one of the variants is shown.mbf
;Usage: An exemplary use of the symbol in a formula. Letters here stand as a placeholder for [[Number|number]]s, [[Variable (mathematics)|variables]] or complex expressions. Different possible applications are listed separately.
;Articles with usage: Examples of Wikipedia articles in which the symbol is used.
;LaTeX: The [[Software:LaTeX|LaTeX]] command that creates the icon. Characters from the [[ASCII]] character set can be used directly, with a few exceptions (e.g., pound sign #, backslash \, braces {}, and percent sign %). High-and low-position is indicated via the ^ and _ characters, and is not explicitly specified.
;HTML: The icon in [[HTML]], if it is defined as a named mark. Non-named characters can be indicated in the form <code><nowiki>&#xnnnn</nowiki></code> by specifying the Unicode code point of the next column. High-and low-position can be indicated via <code><mbf></mbf></code> and <code><MBF></MBF></code>. The character &times; whose HTML code is Time can be displayed by typing <code><nowiki>&amp;times;</nowiki></code>.
;Unicode: The code point of the corresponding [[Unicode]] character. Some characters are combining and require the entry of additional characters. For brackets, the code points of opening and closing forms are specified. The Unicode character &#x2A2F; whose [[Hexadecimal|hexadecimal]] value is <code>U+2A2F</code> can be displayed by typing <code><nowiki>&amp;#x2A2F;</nowiki></code> where <code>#x</code> indicates that the value in hexadecimal.

==Numbers==

===Number sets===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{A}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝔸
| [[Algebraic number]]
| <code>\mathbb{A}</code>
| <code>&amp;Aopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D538</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Complex</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℂ
| [[Complex number]]
| <code>\mathbb{C}</code>, <code>\Complex</code>
| <code>&amp;Copf;</code>
| <code>U+2102</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{H}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℍ
| [[Quaternion]]
| <code>\mathbb{H}</code>
| <code>&amp;quaternions;</code>
|<code>U+210D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\N</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℕ
| [[Natural number]]
| <code>\mathbb{N}</code>, <code>\N</code>
| <code>&amp;Nopf;</code>
| <code>U+2115</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{O}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝕆
| [[Octonion]]
| <code>\mathbb{O}</code>
| <code>&amp;Oopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D546</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Q</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℚ
| [[Rational number]]
| <code>\mathbb{Q}</code>, <code>\Q</code>
| <code>&amp;Qopf;</code>
| <code>U+211A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\R</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℝ
| [[Real number]]
| <code>\mathbb{R}</code>, <code>\R</code>, <code>\Reals</code>
| <code>&amp;Ropf;</code>
| <code>U+211D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{S}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝕊
| [[Sedenion]]
| <code>\mathbb{S}</code>
| <code>&amp;Sopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D54A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Z</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℤ
| [[Integer]]
| <code>\mathbb{Z}</code>, <code>\Z</code>
| <code>&amp;Zopf;</code>
| <code>U+2124</code>
|}

====Intervals====

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[~~]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[a,b]</math>
| rowspan=7 | <code>(  )</code><br /><code>[  ]</code>
| rowspan=7 | <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code><br /><code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| rowspan=7 | <code>U+0028/9</code><br /><code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>]~~[</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>]a,b[</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(~~)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(a,b)</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[~~[</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[a,b[</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[~~)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[a,b)</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>]~~]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>]a,b]</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(~~]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(a,b]</math>
|}

===Mathematical constants===


{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Template
! Unicode Hex
! Note
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\pi</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | π
| [[Pi]]
| <code>\pi</code>
| <code>&amp;pi;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>pi<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03C0</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>e</math> or <math>\mathrm{e}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | e
| e (mathematics)
| <code>e</code> or <code>\mathrm{e}</code>
| <code>e</code>
| 
| <code>U+0065</code>
| Recommend <code><nowiki>{{mvar|e}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{math|e}}</nowiki></code> over <code>e</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\phi</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ϕ
| rowspan=2 | [[Golden ratio]]
| <code>\phi</code>
| <code>&amp;phi;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>phi<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03C6</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varphi</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | φ
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varphi</code>
| <code>&amp;straightphi;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>varphi<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03D5</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>i</math> or <math>\mathrm{i}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | i
| [[Imaginary unit]]
| <code>i</code> or <code>\mathrm{i}</code>
| <code>i</code>
| 
| <code>U+0069</code>
| Recommend <code><nowiki>{{mvar|i}}</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>{{math|i}}</nowiki></code> over <code>i</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gamma</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | γ
| [[Euler–Mascheroni constant]]
| <code>\gamma</code>
| <code>&amp;gamma;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>gamma<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03B3</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\epsilon</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ε
| [[Physics:Vacuum permittivity|Vacuum permittivity]]
| <code>\epsilon</code>
| <code>&amp;epsi;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>epsilon<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03B5</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varepsilon</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ϵ
| [[Dual number]]
| <code>\varepsilon</code>
| <code>&amp;varepsilon;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>varepsilon<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03F5</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\theta</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | θ
| rowspan=2 | [[Mills' constant]]
| <code>\theta</code>
| <code>&amp;theta;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>theta<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03B8</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vartheta</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ϑ
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\vartheta</code>
| <code>&amp;vartheta;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>vartheta<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03D1</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sigma</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | σ
| rowspan=2 | [[Somos' quadratic recurrence constant]]
| <code>\sigma</code>
| <code>&amp;sigma;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>sigma<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03C3</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varsigma</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ς
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varsigma</code>
| <code>&amp;varsigma;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>varsigma<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03C2</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\kappa</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | κ
| Einstein gravitational constant
| <code>\kappa</code>
| <code>&amp;kappa;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>kappa<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03BA</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lambda</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | λ
| [[Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant]]
| <code>\lambda</code>
| <code>&amp;lambda;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>lambda<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03BB</code>
| 
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mu</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | μ
| [[Ramanujan–Soldner constant]]
| <code>\mu</code>
| <code>&amp;mu;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>mu<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03BC</code>
| 
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tau</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | τ
| [[Prouhet–Thue–Morse constant]]
| <code>\tau</code>
| <code>&amp;tau;</code>
| <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>tau<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
| <code>U+03C4</code>
| 
|}

===Complex numbers===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Im</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℑ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Im(2 + i) = 1</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Complex number]]
| <code>\Im</code>
| <code>&amp;image;</code>
| <code>U+2111</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\operatorname{Im}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Im
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\operatorname{Im}(2 + i) = 1</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\operatorname{Im}</code>
| <code>Im</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Re</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℜ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Re(2 + i) = 2</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\Re</code>
| <code>&amp;Rfr;</code>
| <code>U+211C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\operatorname{Re}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Re
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\operatorname{Re}(2 + i) = 2</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\operatorname{Re}</code>
| <code>Re</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{z}</math>
| rowspan=5 | [[Complex conjugate]]
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{\bar{~}}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄&#x304;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{\bar{z}}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bar{\bar{}}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;&amp;#x304;</code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{z}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{\overline{~~}}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅&#x305;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{\overline{z}}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline{\overline{}}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;&amp;#x305;</code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>z^\ast</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>{}^\ast</code>
| <!--<code>&amp;lowast;</code>--><code>&amp;ast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| ~~ |</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| z |</math>
| [[Absolute value]]
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arg{}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arg(z)</math>
| [[Polar coordinate system]]
| <code>\arg</code>
| 
|
|}

:''Remark:'' real and imaginary parts of a complex number are often also denoted by <math>\operatorname{Re}</math> and <math>\operatorname{Im}</math>.

===Elementary arithmetic operations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
! Notes
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a + b</math>
| [[Addition]]
| <code>+</code>
| <code>&amp;plus;</code>
| <code>U+002B</code>
|
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>-</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | −
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a - b</math>
| [[Subtraction]]
| <code>-</code>
| <code>&amp;minus;</code>
| <code>U+2212</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \cdot b</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Multiplication]]
| <code>\cdot</code>
| <code>&amp;sdot;</code>
| <code>U+22C5</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \times b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>:</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∶&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&nbsp;:
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a : b</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Division (mathematics)]]
| <code><nowiki>:</nowiki></code>,&nbsp;<code>\colon</code>
| <code>&amp;ratio;</code>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<code>&amp;colon;</code>
| <code>U+003A</code> or <code>U+2236</code>
| In LaTeX, <code><nowiki>:</nowiki></code> added space around the colon <math>a : b</math> that <code>\colon</code> does not <math>a \colon b</math>.
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∕
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a/b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;#x2215;</code>
| <code>U+2215</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\div</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ÷
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \div b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\div</code>
| <code>&amp;divide;</code>
| <code>U+00F7</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frac{~~}{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frac{a}{b}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\frac{a}{b}</code><br/>{{nowrap|<code>\tfrac{a}{b}</code>&nbsp;(inline)}}<br/>{{nowrap|<code>\dfrac{a}{b}</code>&nbsp;(display)}}<br/>{{nowrap|<code>\cfrac{a}{b}</code>&nbsp;([[Continued fraction|continued fraction]])}}
| <code>&amp;frasl;</code>
| <code>U+2044</code>
| <code><nowiki><sup>a</sup>⁄<sub>b</sub></nowiki></code> renders&nbsp;as: <sup>a</sup>⁄<sub>b</sub>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{-1}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a^{-1}</math>
| [[Multiplicative inverse]]
| <code>^{-1}</code>
| 
| <code>U+207B</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>-</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | −
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>-a</math>
| [[Additive inverse]]
| <code>-</code>
| <code>&amp;minus;</code>
| <code>U+2212</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\pm</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ±
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\pm a</math>
| rowspan=2 | Plus or minus sign
| <code>\pm</code>
| <code>&amp;plusmn;</code>
| <code>U+00B1</code>
|
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∓
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mp a</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mp</code>
| <code>&amp;mnplus;</code>
| <code>U+2213</code>
|
|}

====Elementary functions====

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt{\,}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | √
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt{x}</math>
| [[Square root]]
| <code>\sqrt{}</code> 
| <code>&amp;radic;</code>
| <code>U+221A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[3]{\,}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∛
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[3]{x}</math>
| [[Cube root]]
| <code>\sqrt[3]{x}</code> 
| <code>&amp;x221B;</code>
| <code>U+221B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[4]{\,}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∜
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[4]{x}</math>
| Fourth root
| <code>\sqrt[4]{x}</code> 
| <code>&amp;x221C;</code>
| <code>U+221C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[n]{\,}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqrt[n]{x}</math>
| [[Nth root|''n''th root]]
| <code>\sqrt[n]{}</code> 
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\%</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | %
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x \, \%</math>
| [[Percentage]]
| <code>\%</code>
| <code>&amp;percnt;</code>
| <code>U+0025</code>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>( ~~ )</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>( x )</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Order of operations]]
| <code><nowiki>(</nowiki></code>&nbsp;<code><nowiki>)</nowiki></code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;lpar;</code>&nbsp;<code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><nowiki>\left( \right)</nowiki></code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ ~~ ]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [ ]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[x]</math>
| [[Bracket]]
| <code>[</code>&nbsp;<code>]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code>&nbsp;<code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| ~~ |</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| x |</math>
| [[Absolute value]]
| <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>, <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left\{ ~~ \right\}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>{ }</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left\{ x \right\}</math>
| [[Fractional part]]
| <code><nowiki>\{</nowiki></code>&nbsp;<code><nowiki>\}</nowiki></code><br/><code><nowiki>\lbrace</nowiki></code>&nbsp;<code><nowiki>\rbrace</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;lcub;</code>&nbsp;<code>&amp;rcub;</code> 
| <code>U+007B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lceil ~~ \rceil</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⌈ ⌉
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lceil x \rceil</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Floor and ceiling functions]]
| <code>\lceil</code>&nbsp;<code>\rceil</code>
| <code>&amp;lceil;</code> <code>&amp;rceil;</code>
| <code>U+2308/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lfloor ~~ \rfloor</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⌊ ⌋
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lfloor x \rfloor</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\lfloor</code>&nbsp;<code>\rfloor</code>
| <code>&amp;lfloor;</code> <code>&amp;rfloor;</code> 
| <code>U+230A/B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ulcorner ~~ \urcorner</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⌜ ⌝
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ulcorner x \urcorner</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\ulcorner</code>&nbsp;<code>\urcorner</code>
| <code>&amp;ulcorner;</code> <code>&amp;urcorner;</code>
| <code>U+231C/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\llcorner ~~ \lrcorner</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⌞ ⌟
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\llcorner x \lrcorner</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\llcorner</code>&nbsp;<code>\lrcorner</code>
| <code>&amp;llcorner;</code> <code>&amp;lrcorner;</code>
| <code>U+231E/F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frown</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &nbsp;&#8994;&ZeroWidthSpace;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\stackrel{\frown}{x}</math>
| [[Cap product]]
| <code>\frown</code>
| <code>&amp;frown;</code>
| <code>U+2322</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\smile</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &nbsp;⌣&ZeroWidthSpace;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\stackrel{\smile}{x}</math>
| [[Cup product]]
| <code>\smile</code>
| <code>&amp;smile;</code>
| <code>U+2323</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | exp
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exp x</math>
| [[Exponential function]]
| <code>\exp</code>
| <code>exp</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\log</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | log
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\log_b x</math>
| [[Logarithm]]
| <code>\log</code> or <code>\log_{}</code>
| <code>log</code> or <code>log<nowiki><sub></nowiki><nowiki></sub></nowiki></code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ln</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ln
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ln x</math>
| [[Natural logarithm]]
| <code>\ln</code>
| <code>ln</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lg</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | lg
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lg x</math>
| [[Binary logarithm]]
| <code>\lg</code>
| <code>lg</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\min</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | min
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\min \{1,2\}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Maxima and minima]]
| <code>\min</code>
| <code>min</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\max</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | max
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\max \{1,2\}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\max</code>
| <code>max</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\inf</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | inf
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\inf \{1,2\}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Infimum and supremum]]
| <code>\inf</code>
| <code>inf</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | sup
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sup \{1,2\}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sup</code>
| <code>sup</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\liminf</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | liminf
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\liminf_{n\to\infty} x_n</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Limit inferior and limit superior]]
| <code>\liminf</code>
| <code>liminf</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varliminf</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <u>lim</u>
|style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varliminf x_n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varliminf</code>
| <code><nowiki><u>lim</u></nowiki></code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\limsup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | limsup
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\limsup_{n\to\infty} x_n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\limsup</code>
| <code>limsup</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varlimsup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <span style="text-decoration:overline;">lim</span>
|style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varlimsup x_n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varlimsup</code>
| <code><nowiki><span style="text-decoration:overline;">lim</span></nowiki></code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gcd</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | gcd
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gcd (1,2)</math>
| Greatest common divisor
| <code>\gcd</code>
| <code>gcd</code>
| 
|}

''Note:'' the power function is not represented by its own icon, but by the positioning of the exponent as a superscript.

====Trigonometric functions====

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sin</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | sin
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sin x</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Sine and cosine]]
| <code>\sin</code> 
| <code>sin</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cos</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | cos
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cos x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cos</code> 
| <code>cos</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tan</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | tan
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tan x</math>
| [[Tangent]]
| <code>\tan</code> 
| <code>tan</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sec</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | sec
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sec x</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Trigonometric functions]]
| <code>\sec</code> 
| <code>sec</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\csc</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | csc
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\csc x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\csc</code> 
| <code>csc</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | cot
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cot x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cot</code> 
| <code>cot</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arcsin</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | sin
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arcsin x</math>
| rowspan=6 | [[Inverse trigonometric functions]]
| <code>\arcsin</code> 
| <code>arcsin</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccos</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | arccos
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccos x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\arccos</code> 
| <code>arccos</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arctan</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | arctan
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arctan x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\arctan</code> 
| <code>arctan</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arcsec</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | arcsec
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arcsec x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\arcsec</code> 
| <code>arcsec</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccsc</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | arccsc
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccsc x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\arccsc</code> 
| <code>arccsc</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | arccot
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\arccot x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\arccot</code> 
| <code>arccot</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sinh</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | sinh
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sinh x</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Hyperbolic functions]]
| <code>\sinh</code> 
| <code>sinh</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cosh</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | cosh
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cosh x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cosh</code> 
| <code>cosh</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tanh</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | tanh
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tanh x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\tanh</code> 
| <code>tanh</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coth</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | coth
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coth x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\coth</code> 
| <code>coth</code>
| 
|}

===Arithmetic comparison===

:''See also'': Order relations, Set relations

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math><</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a < b</math>
| <code><</code>
| <code>&amp;lt;</code>
| <code>U+003C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | >
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a > b</math>
| <code>></code>
| <code>&amp;gt;</code>
| <code>U+003E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \leq b</math>
| <code>\le</code>, <code>\leq</code>
| <code>&amp;le;</code>
| <code>U+2264</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\geq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \geq b</math>
| <code>\ge</code>, <code>\geq</code>
| <code>&amp;ge;</code>
| <code>U+2265</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leqq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≦
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \leqq b</math>
| <code>\leqq</code>
| <code>&amp;LessFullEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2266</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\geqq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \geqq b</math>
| <code>\geqq</code>
| <code>&amp;GreaterFullEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2267</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leqslant</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩽
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \leqslant b</math>
| <code>\leqslant</code>
| <code>&amp;LessSlantEqual</code>
| <code>U+2A7D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\geqslant</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩾
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \geqslant b</math>
| <code>\geqslant</code>
| <code>&amp;GreaterSlantEqual</code>
| <code>U+2A7E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ll</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \ll b</math>
| <code>\ll</code>
| <code>&amp;NestedLessLess;</code>
| <code>U+226A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gg</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≫
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gg b</math>
| <code>\gg</code>
| <code>&amp;NestedGreaterGreater;</code>
| <code>U+226B</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lesssim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lesssim b</math>
| <code>\lesssim</code>
| <code>&amp;lsim;</code>
| <code>U+2272</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtrsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≳
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtrsim b</math>
| <code>\gtrsim</code>
| <code>&amp;GreaterTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2273</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lessapprox</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lessapprox b</math>
| <code>\lessapprox</code>
| <code>&amp;lessapprox;</code>
| <code>U+2A85</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtrapprox</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪆
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtrapprox b</math>
| <code>\gtrapprox</code>
| <code>&amp;gap;</code>
| <code>U+2A86</code>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex

|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lessgtr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≶
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lessgtr b</math>
| <code>\lessgtr</code>
| <code>&amp;LessGreater</code>
| <code>U+2276</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtrless</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≷
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtrless b</math>
| <code>\gtrless</code>
| <code>&amp;GreaterLess;</code>
| <code>U+2277</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lesseqgtr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋚
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lesseqgtr b</math>
| <code>\lesseqgtr</code>
| <code>&amp;LessEqualGreater;</code>
| <code>U+22DA</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtreqless</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋛
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtreqless b</math>
| <code>\gtreqless</code>
| <code>&amp;GreaterEqualLess;</code>
| <code>U+22DB</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lesseqqgtr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪋
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lesseqqgtr b</math>
| <code>\lesseqqgtr</code>
| <code>&amp;lesseqqgtr;</code>
| <code>U+2A8B</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtreqqless</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪌
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtreqqless b</math>
| <code>\gtreqqless</code>
| <code>&amp;gtreqqless;</code>
| <code>U+2A8C</code>
|}

==Number theory==

===Divisibility and modulo===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mid</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∣
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \mid b</math>
| <code>\mid</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalBar;</code>
| <code>U+2223</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nmid</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \nmid b</math>
| <code>\nmid</code>
| <code>&amp;NotVerticalBar;</code>
| <code>U+2224</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\perp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \perp b</math>
| <code>\perp</code>
| <code>&amp;perp;</code>
| <code>U+22A5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqcap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊓
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sqcap b</math>
| <code>\sqcap</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareIntersection;</code>
| <code>U+2293</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \wedge b</math>
| <code>\wedge</code>
| <code>&amp;and;</code>
| <code>U+2227</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqcup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊔
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sqcup b</math>
| <code>\sqcup</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareUnion;</code>
| <code>U+2294</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vee</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∨
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \vee b</math>
| <code>\vee</code>
| <code>&amp;or;</code>
| <code>U+2228</code>
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
! Other information
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\equiv</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≡
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \equiv b</math>
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | [[Modulo operation]]
| <code>\equiv</code>
| <code>&amp;equiv;</code>
| <code>U+2261</code>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mod m</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | mod
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \mod m</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mod m</code>
| <code>mod</code>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| <code><nowiki><math>\mod</math></nowiki></code> without a trailing symbol (e.g. <math>m</math>) will produce an error.
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\pmod m</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | (mod)
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \pmod m</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\pmod m</code>
| <code>(mod)</code>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| <code><nowiki><math>\pmod</math></nowiki></code> without a trailing symbol (e.g. <math>m</math>) will produce an error.
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gcd</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | gcd
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gcd (1,2)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Greatest common divisor
| <code>\gcd</code>
| <code>gcd</code>
| 
| style="text-align: center;" | 
|}

===Combinatorics===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | <math>!</math>
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | !
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n!</math>
| [[Factorial]]
| rowspan=3 | <code>!</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>&amp;excl;</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>U+0021</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>!n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| [[Derangement]]
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n!!</math>
| [[Double factorial]]
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tbinom{~}{~}</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tbinom{n}{k}</math>
| [[Combination]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>\binom</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\tbinom{n}{k_1, \ldots , k_r}</math>
| Multinomial coefficient
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left(\!\tbinom{~}{~}\!\right)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ((  ))
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left(\!\tbinom{n}{k}\!\right)</math>
| [[Multiset]]
| ((  ))
| <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n^{\bar{m}}</math>
| rowspan=3 | Pochhammer symbol
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n^{\overline{m}}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n^{\underline{m}}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\underline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x332;</code>
| <code>U+0332</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\#</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | #
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n \#</math>
| [[Primorial]]
| <code>\#</code>
| <code>&amp;num;</code>
| <code>U+0023</code>
|}

==Stochastics==

===Probability theory===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>P</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>P(A)</math>
| [[Probability measure]]
| <code>P</code>
| 
| <code>U+2119</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mid</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>P(A \mid B)</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Conditional probability]]
| <code>\mid</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>P(A/B)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>/</code>
| 
| <code>U+2215</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>E</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝔼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>E(X)</math>
| [[Expected value]]
| <code>E</code>
| <code>&amp;Eopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D53C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝕍
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V(X)</math>
| [[Variance]]
| <code>V</code>
| <code>&amp;Vopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D54D</code>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sigma</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | σ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sigma(X)</math>
| [[Standard deviation]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>\sigma</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;sigma;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+03C3</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sigma(X,Y)</math>
| [[Covariance]]
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\rho</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ρ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\rho(X,Y)</math>
| [[Correlation]]
| <code>\rho</code>
| <code>&amp;rho;</code>
| <code>U+03C1</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \sim F</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Probability distribution]]
| <code>\sim</code>
| <code>&amp;sim;</code>
| <code>U+223C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\approx</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≈
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \approx F</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\approx</code>
| <code>&amp;asymp;</code>
| <code>U+2248</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{\displaystyle \perp }</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \perp B</math>
| [[Independence (probability theory)]]
| <code>\perp</code>
| <code>&amp;perp;</code>
| <code>U+22A5</code>
|}

:''Remark:'' for operators there are several notational variants; instead of round brackets also square brackets are used

===Statistics===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{x}</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Average]]
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{m}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle ~~ \rangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟨ ⟩
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle X \rangle</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\langle \rangle</code>
| <code>&amp;lang;</code> <code>&amp;rang;</code>
| <code>U+27E8/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{p}</math>
| [[Estimator]]
| <code>\hat</code>
| <code>&#770;</code>
| <code>U+0302</code>
|}

==Calculus==

===Sequences and series===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sum</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∑
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sum_{i=1}^n, \sum_{i \in I}</math>
| [[Summation]]
| <code>\sum</code>
| <code>&amp;sum;</code>
| <code>U+2211</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\prod</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∏
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\prod_{i=1}^n, \prod_{i \in I}</math>
| [[Multiplication#Product of a sequence|Multiplication]]
| <code>\prod</code>
| <code>&amp;prod;</code>
| <code>U+220F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coprod</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∐
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coprod_{i=1}^n, \coprod_{i \in I}</math>
| [[Coproduct]]
| <code>\coprod</code>
| <code>&amp;Coproduct;</code>
| <code>U+2210</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>( ~~ )</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>( a_n )</math>
| [[Sequence]]
| <code>(  )</code>
| <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\to</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | →
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a_n \to a</math>
| [[Limit of a sequence]]
| <code>\to</code> <code>\rarr</code>
| <code>&amp;rarr;</code>
| <code>U+2192</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\infty</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∞
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>n \to \infty</math>
| [[Infinity]]
| <code>\infty</code>
| <code>&amp;infin;</code>
| <code>U+221E</code>
|}

===Limits===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\to</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | →
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x \to a} f(x)</math>
| rowspan=13 | [[Limit of a function]]
| <code>\to</code><br/><code>\rightarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;rarr;</code><br/><code>&amp;rightarrow;</code>
| <code>U+2192</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\longrightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟶
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x \longrightarrow a</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\longrightarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;LongRightArrow;</code>
| <code>U+27F6</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\uparrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↑
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x \uparrow a} f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\uparrow</code>
| <code>&amp;uarr;</code><br/><code>&amp;ShortUpArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2191</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nearrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x \nearrow a} f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\nearrow</code>
| <code>&amp;UpperRightArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2197</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\searrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↘
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x \searrow a} f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\searrow</code>
| <code>&amp;LowerRightArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2198</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\downarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↓
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x \downarrow a} f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\downarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;darr;</code><br/><code>&amp;ShortDownArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2193</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\swarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↙
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \swarrow x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\swarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;LowerLeftArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2199</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leftarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ←
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \leftarrow x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\leftarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;larr;</code><br/><code>&amp;ShortLeftArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2190</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\longleftarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟵
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \longleftarrow x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\longleftarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;longleftarrow;</code>
| <code>U+27F5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nwarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↖
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \nwarrow x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\nwarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;UpperLeftArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2196</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>^+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁺
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x\to a^+}f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^+</code>
| <code>&amp;#8314;</code>
| <code>U+207A</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>^-</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{x\to a^-}f(x)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^-</code>
| <code>&amp;#8315;</code>
| <code>U+207B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\lim</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\liminf</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\liminf_{n \to \infty} x_n</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Limit inferior and limit superior]]
| <code>\liminf</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\limsup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\limsup_{n \to \infty} x_n</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\limsup</code>
| 
| 
|}

===Differential calculus===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}'</math><br/><math>{}^{\prime}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ′
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f'</math><br/><math>f^{\prime}</math>
| rowspan=7 | Lagrange's notation<br/>[[Prime (symbol)]]
| <code><nowiki>'</nowiki></code><br/><code><nowiki>^\prime</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;prime;</code>
| <code>U+2032</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}''</math><br/><math>{}^{\prime\prime}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ″
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f''</math><br/><math>f^{\prime\prime}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code><br/><code><nowiki>^{\prime\prime}</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;Prime;</code>
| <code>U+2033</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}'''</math><br/><math>{}^{\prime\prime\prime}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ‴
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f'''</math><br/><math>f^{\prime\prime\prime}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code><br/><code><nowiki>^{\prime\prime\prime}</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;tprime;</code>
| <code>U+2034</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}''''</math><br/><math>{}^{\prime\prime\prime\prime}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f''''</math><br/><math>f^{\prime\prime\prime\prime}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><nowiki>''''</nowiki></code><br/><code><nowiki>^{\prime\prime\prime\prime}</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;qprime;</code>
| <code>U+2057</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>^{IV} \; {}^V\; {}^{VI}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f^{IV}, f^V, f^{VI}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^{IV}</code>&nbsp;<code>^V</code>&nbsp;<code>^{VI}</code>
| <code><nowiki><sup>IV</sup></nowiki></code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>^{iv}\; {}^v\; {}^{vi}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f^{iv}, f^v, f^{vi}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^{iv}</code>&nbsp;<code>^v</code>&nbsp;<code>^{vi}</code>
| <code><nowiki><sup>iv</sup></nowiki></code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{(~)}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁽ ⁾
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f^{(4)},f^{(5)},f^{(n)}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^{(  )}</code>
| <code><nowiki><sup>(  )</sup></nowiki></code>
| <code>U+207D/E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̇
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot f</math>
| rowspan=2 | Newton's notation
| <code>\dot</code>
| <code>&amp;#x0307;</code>
| <code>U+0307</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ddot{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̈
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ddot f</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\ddot</code>
| <code>&amp;#x0308;</code>
| <code>U+0308</code>
|- 
| rowspan=5 style="text-align: center;" | <math>d</math>
| rowspan=5 style="text-align: center;" | d
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>dx</math>
| rowspan=5 | [[Leibniz's notation]]
| rowspan=5 | <code>d</code>
| rowspan=5 | <code>d</code>
| rowspan=5 | <code>U+0064</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>df</math>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frac{df}{dx}</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frac{d}{dx}f</math>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\frac{d^2}{dx^2}f</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\partial</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\partial_x f</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Partial derivative]]
| <code>\partial</code>
| <code>&amp;part;</code>
| <code>U+2202</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left. \frac{\partial }{\partial x} \right\vert_x</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∂ and <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\left. \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} \right\vert_{x=x_0}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\left. \frac{\partial }{\partial x} \right\vert_x</code>
| <code>&amp;part;</code> and<br /><code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+2202</code> and<br /><code>U+007C</code>
|}

===Integral calculus===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\int</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∫
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\int_a^b</math> , <math>\int_G</math>
| [[Integral]]
| <code>\int</code>
| <code>&amp;int;</code>
| <code>U+222B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iint</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∬
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iint_{\mathcal F}</math>
| [[Surface integral]]
| <code>\iint</code>
| <code>&amp;Int;</code>
| <code>U+222C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iiint</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∭
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iiint_V</math>
| [[Volume integral]]
| <code>\iiint</code>
| <code>&amp;tint;</code>
| <code>U+222D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oint</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∮
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oint_\gamma</math>
| Curve integral
| <code>\oint</code>
| <code>&amp;ContourIntegral;</code>
| <code>U+222E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | {{oiint}}
| style="text-align: center;" | ∯
| style="text-align: center;" | {{oiint |intsubscpt = <math>\gamma</math>}}
| [[Surface integral]]
| <code>\oiint</code>
| <code>&amp;DoubleContourIntegral;</code>
| <code>U+222F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | {{oiiint}}
| style="text-align: center;" | ∰
| style="text-align: center;" | {{oiiint |intsubscpt = <math>\gamma</math>}}
| [[Volume integral]]
| <code>\oiiint</code>
| <code>&amp;Cconint;</code>
| <code>U+2230</code>
|}

===Vector calculus===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nabla</math>
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | ∇
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nabla f</math>
| [[Gradient]]
| rowspan=3 | <code>\nabla</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>&amp;nabla;</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>U+2207</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nabla \cdot F</math>
| [[Divergence]]
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nabla \times F</math>
| [[Curl (mathematics)]]
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Delta</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∆
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Delta f</math>
| [[Laplace operator]]
| <code>\Delta</code>
| <code>&amp;Delta;</code>
| <code>U+2206</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\square</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | □
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\square f</math>
| [[D'Alembert operator]]
| <code>\square</code>
| <code>&amp;#9633;</code>
| <code>U+25A1</code>
|}

===Asymptotic behaviour===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \sim</math>
| [[Asymptotic analysis]]
| <code>\sim</code>
| <code>&amp;sim;</code>
| <code>U+223C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>o</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | o
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \in o(g)</math>
| rowspan=5 | [[Big O notation]]
| <code>o</code>
| 
| <code>U+006F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathcal{O}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝒪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \in \mathcal{O}(g)</math>
| <code>\mathcal{O}</code>
| <code>&amp;Oscr;</code>
| <code>U+1D4AA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Theta</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Θ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \in \Theta(g)</math>
| <code>\Theta</code>
| <code>&amp;Theta;</code>
| <code>U+0398</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Omega</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Ω
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \in \Omega(g)</math>
| <code>\Omega</code>
| <code>&amp;Omega;</code>
| <code>U+03A9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\omega</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ω
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \in \omega(g)</math>
| <code>\omega</code>
| <code>&amp;omega;</code>
| <code>U+03C9</code>
|}

==Linear algebra==

===Vectors and matrices===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\begin{pmatrix} v_1, \ldots , v_n \end{pmatrix}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Vector (mathematics and physics)]]
| rowspan=3 | <code>\begin{pmatrix}</code><br /><code>...</code><br /><code>\end{pmatrix}</code><br /><br />or<br /><br /><code>\left(</code><br /><code>\begin{array}{...}</code><br /><code>...</code><br /><code>\end{array}</code><br /><code>\right)</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\begin{pmatrix} v_1 \\ \vdots \\ v_m \end{pmatrix}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\begin{pmatrix} a_{11} & \!\ldots\! & a_{1n} \\ \vdots & \!\ddots\! & \vdots \\ a_{m1} & \!\ldots\! & a_{mn} \end{pmatrix}</math>
| [[Matrix (mathematics)]]
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|}

===Vector operations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>v \cdot w</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Dot product]]
[[Inner product space]]
| <code>\cdot</code>
| <code>&amp;sdot;</code>
| <code>U+22C5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(~~)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(v,w)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>(  )</code>
| <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle ~~ \rangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟨ ⟩
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle v,w \rangle</math><br /><math>\langle v\,|\,w \rangle</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\langle \rangle</code>
| <code>&amp;lang;</code> <code>&amp;rang;</code>
| <code>U+27E8/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>v \times w</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Cross product]]
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[~~]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[v,w]</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>[  ]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(~~)</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>(u,v,w)</math>
| [[Triple product]]
| <code>(  )</code>
| <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\otimes</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>v \otimes w</math>
| Dyadic product
| <code>\otimes</code>
| <code>&amp;otimes;</code>
| <code>U+2297</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>v \wedge w</math>
| [[Exterior algebra]]
| <code>\wedge</code>
| <code>&amp;and;</code>
| <code>U+2227</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|~~|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>|</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| v |</math>
| Euclidean norm
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\|~~\|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ‖
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\| v \|</math><br/><math>\lVert v \rVert</math>
| [[Norm (mathematics)]]
| <code>\Vert</code>,&nbsp;<code><nowiki>\|</nowiki></code><br/><code>\lVert</code>&nbsp;<code><nowiki>\rVert</nowiki></code>
| <code>&amp;Vert;</code>
| <code>U+2016</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#x0302;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{v}</math>
| [[Unit vector]]
| <code>\hat{}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x302;</code>
| <code>U+0302</code>
|}

===Matrix operations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \cdot B</math>
| [[Matrix multiplication]]
| <code>\cdot</code>
| <code>&amp;sdot;</code>
| <code>U+22C5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\circ</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∘
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \circ B</math>
| [[Hadamard product (matrices)|Hadamard product]]
| <code>\circ</code>
| <code>&amp;SmallCircle;</code>
| <code>U+2218</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oslash</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊘
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \oslash B</math>
| Hadamard division
| <code>\oslash</code>
| <code>&amp;osol;</code>
| <code>U+2298</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>*</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A * B</math>
| [[Khatri-Rao product]]
| <code>*</code>
| <code>&amp;ast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\otimes</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \otimes B</math>
| [[Kronecker product]]
| <code>\otimes</code>
| <code>&amp;otimes;</code>
| <code>U+2297</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\intercal</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊺
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^\intercal</math>
| rowspan=3 | Transposed matrix
| <code>^\intercal</code>
| <code>&amp;intercal;</code>
| <code>U+22BA</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\top</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^\top</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^\top</code>
| <code>&amp;top;</code>
| <code>U+22A4</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{\mathrm T}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | T
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^{\mathrm T}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^{\mathrm T}</code>
| 
| <code>U+0054</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^\ast</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Conjugate transpose]]
| <code>^\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;ast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\dagger</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | †
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^\dagger</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^\dagger</code>
| <code>&amp;dagger;</code>
| <code>U+2020</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{\mathrm H}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | H
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^{\mathrm H}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^H</code>
| 
| <code>U+0048</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{-1}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^{-1}</math>
| Inverse matrix
| <code>^{-1}</code>
| 
| <code>U+207B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^+</math>
| Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse
| <code>^+</code>
| <code>&amp;plus;</code>
| <code>U+002B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| ~~ |</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>|</nowiki> A <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>| A |</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Determinant]]
| <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>, <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\det</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>det</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\det A</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\det</code>
| <code>det</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\| ~~ \|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ‖
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\| A \|</math>
| [[Matrix norm]]
| <code><nowiki>\|</nowiki></code>, <code>\Vert</code>
| <code>&amp;Vert;</code>
| <code>U+2016</code>
|}

===Vector spaces===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V + W</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Direct sum of modules]]
[[Linear subspace]]
| <code>+</code>
| <code>&amp;plus;</code>
| <code>U+002B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oplus</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊕
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V \oplus W</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\oplus</code>
| <code>&amp;oplus;</code>
| <code>U+2295</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V \times W</math>
| [[Direct product]]
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\otimes</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V \otimes W</math>
| [[Tensor product]]
| <code>\otimes</code>
| <code>&amp;otimes;</code>
| <code>U+2297</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | /
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V \, / \, U</math>
| [[Quotient space (linear algebra)]]
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;frasl;</code>
| <code>U+002F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\perp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>U^\perp</math>
| [[Orthogonal complement]]
| <code>^\perp</code>
| <code>&amp;perp;</code>
| <code>U+27C2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V^\ast</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Dual space]]
| <code>^\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^0</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 0
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X^0</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^0</code>
| 
| <code>U+0030</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle ~~ \rangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟨ ⟩
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle X \rangle</math>
| Linear hull
| <code>\langle</code> <code>\rangle</code>
| <code>&amp;lang;</code> <code>&amp;rang;</code>
| <code>U+27E8/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | dim
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dim X</math>
| Dimension (linear algebra)
| <code>\dim</code>
| <code>dim</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ker</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ker
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ker L</math>
| [[Kernel (linear algebra)]]
| <code>\ker</code>
| <code>ker</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Pr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | Pr
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Pr{}_1 (x,y)</math>
| [[Projection (linear algebra)]]
| <code>\Pr</code>
| <code>Pr</code>
| 
|}

===Functional analysis===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}'</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ′
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V'</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Dual space]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>^\prime</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;prime;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+2032/3</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}''</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ″
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V''</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{X}</math>
| [[Complete metric space]]
| <code>\hat{}</code>
| 
| <code>U+0302</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hookrightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \hookrightarrow Y</math>
| [[Embedding]]
| <small><code>\hookrightarrow</code></small>
| 
| <code>U+21AA</code>
|}

==Logic==


The current Wikipedia guidelines advise against unnecessary use of ∀, ∃, and ⇔ and instead recommend writing out "for all", "there exists", and "if and only if." The same is true of abbreviations such as "[[If and only if|iff]]", "s.t.", and "[[Without loss of generality|WLOG]]". 

===Equality signs===

{{wikt|Appendix:Variations of "{{=}}"|Appendix:Variations of "≡"|Appendix:Variations of the number sign}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>=</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[=|=]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a = b</math>
| [[Equality (mathematics)|Equality]]
| <code>=</code>
| <code>&amp;equals;</code>
| <code>U+003D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\#</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | #
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \,\#\, b</math>
| [[Apartness relation]]
| <code>\#</code>
| <code>&amp;num;</code>
| <code>U+0023</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\neq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≠
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \neq b</math>
| [[Inequality (mathematics)|Inequality]]
| <code>\neq</code><br /><code>\ne</code><br /><code>\not=</code>
| <code>&amp;ne;</code>
| <code>U+2260</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\equiv</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Identity (mathematics)|≡]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \equiv b</math>
| [[Identity (mathematics)|Identity]]
| <code>\equiv</code>
| <code>&amp;equiv;</code>
| <code>U+2261</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\approx</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≈
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \approx b</math>
| [[Approximation]]
| <code>\approx</code>
| <code>&amp;asymp;</code>
| <code>U+2248</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sim b</math>
| [[Equivalence class]]
| <code>\sim</code>
| <code>&amp;sim;</code>
| <code>U+223C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\propto</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∝
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \propto b</math>
| [[Proportionality (mathematics)|Proportionality]]
| <code>\propto</code>
| <code>&amp;prop;</code>
| <code>U+221D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\widehat{=}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≙
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, \widehat{=} \, b</math>
| [[Bijection]]
| <code>\widehat{=}</code>
| <code>&amp;wedgeq;</code>
| <code>U+2259</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overset{?}{=}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≟
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, \overset{?}{=} \, b</math>
| Asks "is it equal to"
| <code>\overset{?}{=}</code>
| <code>&amp;questeq;</code>
| <code>U+225F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overset{\operatorname{def}}{=}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≝
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, \overset{\operatorname{def}}{=} \, b</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Equality (mathematics)|Equal to]] by definition
| <code>\overset{\operatorname{def}}{=}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x225D;</code>
| <code>U+225D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\triangleq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≜
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, \triangleq  \, b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\triangleq</code>
| <code>&amp;trie;</code>
| <code>U+225C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>:=</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≔
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, := \, b</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Assignment (computer science)|Assignment]]
| <code>:=</code>
| <code>&amp;coloneq;</code>
| <code>U+2254</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>=:</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≕
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \, =: \, b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>=:</code>
| <code>&amp;eqcolon;</code>
| <code>U+2255</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\doteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≐
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x_n \doteq\, b</math>
| [[Limit (mathematics)|Approaches the limit]]
| <code>\doteq</code>
| <code>&amp;esdot;</code>
| <code>U+2250</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>==</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩵
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x \, == \, y</math>
| [[Relational operator]]
| <code>==</code>
| <code>&amp;Equal;</code>
| <code>U+2A75</code>
|}

===Logical operators===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\land</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \land B</math>
| [[Logical conjunction]]
| <code>\land</code>
| <code>&amp;and;</code>
| <code>U+2227</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lor</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∨
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \lor B</math>
| [[Logical disjunction]]
| <code>\lor</code>
| <code>&amp;or;</code>
| <code>U+2228</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Leftrightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⇔
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \Leftrightarrow B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Logical equivalence]]
| <code><small>\Leftrightarrow</small></code>
| <code>&amp;hArr;</code>
| <code>U+21D4</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leftrightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ↔
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \leftrightarrow B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><small>\leftrightarrow</small></code>
| <code>&amp;harr;</code>
| <code>U+2194</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iff</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟺
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \iff B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code><small>\iff</small></code>
| <code>&amp;Longleftrightarrow;</code>
| <code>U+27FA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Rightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⇒
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \Rightarrow B</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Logical consequence]]
| <code>\Rightarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;rArr;</code>
| <code>U+21D2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\rightarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | →
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \rightarrow B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\rightarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;rarr;</code>
| <code>U+2192</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\implies</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ⟹
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \implies B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\implies</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;DoubleLongRightArrow;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+27F9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Longrightarrow</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \Longrightarrow B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\Longrightarrow</code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oplus</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊕
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \oplus B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Exclusive or]]
| <code>\oplus</code>
| <code>&amp;oplus;</code>
| <code>U+2295</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\veebar</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \, \veebar \, B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\veebar</code>
| <code>&amp;veebar;</code>
| <code>U+22BB</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot\lor</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩒
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \, \dot\lor \, B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\dot\lor</code>
| 
| <code>U+2A52</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lnot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ¬
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lnot A</math>
| rowspan=4 | Logical negation
| <code>\lnot</code>
| <code>&amp;not;</code>
| <code>U+00AC</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{A}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#x0305;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{A}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̸
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not=</math><br /><math>\not\in</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not</code><br /> (ex: <code>\not=</code> <code>\not\in</code>)
| <code>&amp;#x338;</code><br /> (ex: <code>=&amp;#x338;</code> <code>&amp;isin;&amp;#x338;</code>)
| <code>U+0338</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leftarrow</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ←
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \leftarrow B</math>
| [[Converse implication]]
| <code>\leftarrow</code>
| <code>&amp;ShortLeftArrow;</code>
| <code>U+2190</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\multimap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊸
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \multimap B</math>
| [[Linear logic]]
| <code>\multimap</code>
| <code>&amp;mumap;</code>
| <code>U+22B8</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | ⅋
| style="text-align: center;" | ⅋
| style="text-align: center;" | A ⅋ B
| [[Linear logic]]
| <code>\upand</code> <small>(No Wikipedia support)</small>
| <code>&amp;x214B;</code>
| <code>U+214B</code>
|}


===Quantifiers===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\forall</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\forall\,x</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Universal quantification]]
| <code>\forall</code>
| <code>&amp;forall;</code>
| <code>U+2200</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigwedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigwedge_x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigwedge</code>
| <code>&amp;Wedge;</code>
| <code>U+22C0</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exists</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∃
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exists\,x</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Existential quantification]]
| <code>\exists</code>
| <code>&amp;exist;</code>
| <code>U+2203</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋁
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee_x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigvee</code>
| <code>&amp;xvee;</code>
| <code>U+22C1</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exists !</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∃!
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\exists !\,x</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Uniqueness quantification]]
| <code>\exists!</code>
| <code>&amp;exist;!</code>
| <code>U+2203</code>!
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee^\centerdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩒
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee^\centerdot_x</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\dot\bigvee</code>
| 
| <code>U+2A52</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nexists</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nexists\,x</math>
| [[Existential quantification]]
| <code>\nexists</code>
| <code>&amp;NotExists;</code>
| <code>U+2204</code>
|}

===Deduction symbols===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vdash</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Turnstile (symbol)|⊢]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \vdash B</math>
| [[Logical consequence#Syntactic consequence|Logical consequence]], [[Propositional calculus]]
| <code>\vdash</code>
| <code>&amp;vdash;</code>
| <code>U+22A2</code>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\models</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | [[Double turnstile|⊨]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \models B</math>
| [[Logical consequence#Semantic consequence|Logical consequence]], [[Philosophy:Inference|Inference]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>\models</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;DoubleRightTee;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+22A8</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\models A</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Philosophy:Tautology (logic)|Tautology (logic)]]
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\top</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \top</math>
| <code>\top</code>
| <code>&amp;top;</code>
| <code>U+22A4</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \bot</math>
| [[Contradiction]]
| <code>\bot</code>
| <code>&amp;perp;</code>
| <code>U+22A5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\therefore</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∴
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \therefore B</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Deductive reasoning]]
| <code>\therefore</code>
| <code>&amp;therefore;</code>
| <code>U+2234</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\because</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∵
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \because B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\because</code>
| <code>&amp;because;</code>
| <code>U+2235</code>
|}

===End of proof symbols===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\blacksquare</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ■
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | ...as desired. <math>\blacksquare</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Q.E.D.]]
| <code>\blacksquare</code>
| <code>&amp;#x25A0;</code>
| <code>U+25A0</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\Box</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | □
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\Box</code>
| <code>&amp;squ;</code>
| <code>U+25A1</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∎
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| [[Tombstone (typography)|Tombstone]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x220E;</code>
| <code>U+220E</code>
|}

===Formal language and strings===

{{Main|Formal language}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varepsilon</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ε
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varepsilon s = s</math>
| [[Empty string]]
| <code>\varepsilon</code>
| <code>&amp;epsi;</code>
| <code>U+03B5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|~~|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|s|</math>
| String length
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>s + t</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Concatenation]]
| <code>+</code>
| <code>&amp;plus;</code>
| <code>U+002B</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>s \cdot t</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cdot</code>
| <code>&amp;sdot;</code>
| <code>U+22C5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lnot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ¬
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lnot L</math>
| [[Formal language]]
| <code>\lnot</code>
| <code>&amp;not;</code>
| <code>U+00AC</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V^{\ast}</math>
| [[Kleene star]]
| <code>^\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^+</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>V^+</math>
| [[Free monoid]]
| <code>^+</code>
| <code>&amp;plus;</code>
| <code>U+002B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sim b</math>
| Squiggle operator
| <code>\sim</code>
| <code>&amp;sim;</code>
| <code>U+223C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[\![~~]\!]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟦⟧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[\![ s ]\!]</math>
| Squiggle operator
| <code>[\![</code> <code>]\!]</code>
| <code>&amp;LeftDoubleBracket;</code> <code>&amp;RightDoubleBracket;</code>
| <code>U+27E6/7</code>
|}

==Functions and category theory==

===Functions===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\to</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | →
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon A \to B</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Function (mathematics)]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>\to</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;rarr;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+2192</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \, \stackrel f\to \, B</math>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mapsto</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ↦
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon x \mapsto y</math>
| rowspan=2 | <code>\mapsto</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;mapstoright;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+21A6</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x \, \stackrel f\mapsto \, y</math>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>( ~~ )</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f(x)</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Image (mathematics)]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>(  )</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f(X)</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ ~~ ]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [ ]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f[X]</math>
| <code>[  ]</code>
| <code>&amp;lbrack;</code> or <code>&amp;rbrack;</code>
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vert</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \vert_X</math>
| [[Restriction (mathematics)]]
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cdot</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f(\cdot)</math>
| Free variable
| <code>\cdot</code>
| <code>&amp;sdot;</code>
| <code>U+22C5</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{-1}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f^{-1}</math>
| [[Inverse function]]
| <code>-1</code>
| 
| <code>U+207B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\circ</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∘
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \circ g</math>
| [[Function composition]]
| <code>\circ</code>
| <code>&amp;#8728;</code>
| <code>U+2218</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \ast g</math>
| [[Convolution]]
| <code>\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+2217</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hat{f}</math>
| [[Fourier transform]]
| <code>\hat</code>
| 
| <code>U+0302</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\multimap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊸
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f : X \multimap Y</math>
| [[Multimap]]
| <code>\multimap</code>
| <code>&amp;mumap;</code>
| <code>U+22B8</code>
|}

===Morphisms===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\to</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | →
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon X \to Y</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Morphism]]
| rowspan=2 | <code>\to</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;rarr;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+2192</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \, \stackrel f\to \, Y</math>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mapsto</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ↦
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon x \mapsto y</math>
| rowspan=2 | <code>\mapsto</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;mapstoright;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+21A6</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>x \, \stackrel f\mapsto \, y</math>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overset{\sim}{\rightarrow}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⥲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon X \overset{\sim}{\rightarrow} Y</math>
| [[Isomorphism]]
| <code>\tilde{\rightarrow}</code>
| 
| <code>U+2972</code>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hookrightarrow</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ↪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math> f \colon X \hookrightarrow Y </math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Monomorphism]]
| rowspan=2 | <small><code>\hookrightarrow</code></small>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&#8618</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+21AA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \, \stackrel f\hookrightarrow \, Y</math>
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\twoheadrightarrow</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ↠
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>f \colon X \twoheadrightarrow Y</math>
| rowspan=2 |[[Epimorphism]]
| rowspan=2 |<small><code>\twoheadrightarrow</code></small>
| rowspan=2 |<code>&#8608</code>
| rowspan=2 |<code>U+21A0</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \,\stackrel f\twoheadrightarrow \ Y</math>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hom</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | hom
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\hom_C (X, Y)</math>
| [[Morphism]]
| <code>\hom</code>
| <code>hom</code>
| 
|}

===Constructions===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\prod</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∏
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\prod X_i</math>
| [[Product (category theory)]]
| <code>\prod</code>
| <code>&amp;prod;</code>
| <code>U+220F</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coprod</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∐
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\coprod X_i</math>
| [[Coproduct]]
| <code>\coprod</code>
| <code>&amp;Coproduct;</code>
| <code>U+2210</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oplus</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊕
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\oplus X_i</math>
| [[Biproduct]]
| <code>\oplus</code>
| <code>&amp;CirclePlus;</code>
| <code>U+2295</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ×
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \times_C B</math>
| [[Pullback (category theory)]]
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+00D7</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | lim
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lim F</math>
| [[Limit (category theory)]]
| <code>\lim</code>
| <code>lim</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\projlim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | projlim
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\projlim F</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Inverse limit]]
| <code>\projlim</code>
| <code>projlim</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varprojlim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varprojlim F</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varprojlim</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\injlim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | injlim
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\injlim F</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Direct limit]]
| <code>\injlim</code>
| <code>injlim</code>
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varinjlim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varinjlim F</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\varinjlim</code>
| 
| 
|}

==Set theory==

===Definition symbols===

{| class="wikitable" 
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\colon</math>
| rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | :
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \colon B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Philosophy:Definition|Definition]] 
| rowspan=3 | <code>\colon</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>&amp;colon;</code>
| rowspan=3 | <code>U+003A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \colon= B</math>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \colon\Leftrightarrow B</math> 
|}

===Set construction===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varnothing</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\varnothing = \{ \; \}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Empty set]]
| <code>\varnothing</code>
| <code>&amp;varnothing;</code><br /><code>&amp;empty;</code>
| <code>U+2205</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\emptyset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\emptyset</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\{ ~ \}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | { }
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\{a, b, \ldots\}</math>
| rowspan=4 | {{nowrap|[[Set (mathematics)]]}}
| <code>\{</code>&nbsp;<code>\}</code><br/>{{nowrap|<code>\lbrace</code>&nbsp;<code>\rbrace</code>}}
| <code>&amp;lcub;</code>&nbsp;<code>&amp;rcub;</code>
| <code>U+007B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mid</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\{a \mid T(a)\}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mid</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\colon</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | :
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\{a \colon T(a)\}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\colon</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;colon;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+003A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>:</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\{a : T(a)\}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>:</code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of [[Set-builder notation|separators]] (the symbol between the variable and predicate)
! Rendered result
! Latex code
! Notes on separator
|-
| <math>\{x\in X : P(x)\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\{x\in X : P(x)\}</nowiki></code>
| <code><nowiki>:</nowiki></code> inserts whitespace that <code><nowiki>\colon</nowiki></code> does not.
|-
| <math>\{x\in X \colon P(x)\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\{x\in X \colon P(x)\}</nowiki></code>
| 
|-
| <math>\{x\in X \mid P(x)\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\{x\in X \mid P(x)\}</nowiki></code>
| <code><nowiki>\mid</nowiki></code> inserts whitespace that <code><nowiki>\vert</nowiki></code> does not.
|-
| <math>\{x\in X \vert P(x)\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\{x\in X \vert P(x)\}</nowiki></code>
| <code><nowiki>\vert</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code> are synonyms in LaTeX.
|-
| <math>\{x\in X \vline P(x)\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\{x\in X \vline P(x)\}</nowiki></code>
| <code><nowiki>\mid</nowiki></code> inserts whitespace that <code><nowiki>\vline</nowiki></code> does not.
|-
| <math>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n : |x|<1\right\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} x^n : |x|<1\right\}</nowiki></code>
|
|-
| <math>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \mid |x|<1\right\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \mid |x|<1\right\}</nowiki></code>
| 
|-
| <math>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\Bigg|\; |x|<1\right\}</math>
| {{nowrap|<code><nowiki>\left\{\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\Bigg|\; |x|<1\right\}</nowiki></code>}}
| <code><nowiki>\;\Bigg|\;</nowiki></code> is used since neither <code><nowiki>\middle\mid</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>\Bigg\mid</nowiki></code>, nor <code><nowiki>\Bigg\vline</nowiki></code> render in Wikipedia.
|-
| <math>\left\{\left.\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\right|\; |x|<1\right\}</math>
| <code><nowiki>\left\{\left.\sum_{n=1}^\infty x^n \;\right|\; |x|<1\right\}</nowiki></code>
| Using <code><nowiki>\left. \right|</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>\left| \right.</nowiki></code> is potentially an alternative to manual scaling.
|}

===Set operations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∩
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \cap B</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Intersection (set theory)]]
| <code>\cap</code>
| <code>&amp;cap;</code>
| <code>U+2229</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigcap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigcap_{S \in P} S</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigcap</code>
| <code>&amp;xcap;</code><br/><code>&amp;Intersection;</code>
| <code>U+22C2</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \cup B</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Union (set theory)]]
| <code>\cup</code>
| <code>&amp;cup;</code>
| <code>U+222A</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigcup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋃
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigcup_{S \in P} S</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigcup</code>
| <code>&amp;xcup;</code><br/><code>&amp;Union;</code>
| <code>U+22C3</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\setminus</math>
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | ∖
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \setminus B</math>
| rowspan=2 | Difference (set theory)
| <code>\setminus</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;setminus;</code><br/><code>&amp;smallsetminus;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+2216</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\smallsetminus</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \smallsetminus B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\smallsetminus</code>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\triangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Symmetric difference|∆]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \,\triangle\, B</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Symmetric difference]]
| <code>\triangle</code>
| <code>&amp;Delta;</code>
| <code>U+2206</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ominus</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Symmetric difference|⊖]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \ominus B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\ominus</code>
| <code>&amp;CircleMinus;</code>
| <code>U+2296</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \times B</math>
| [[Cartesian product]]
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot\cap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \,\dot\cap\, B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Intersection (set theory)]]
| <code>\dot\cap</code>
| <code>&amp;capdot;</code>
| <code>U+2A40</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqcap</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊓
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqcap B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqcap</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareIntersection;</code>
| <code>U+2293</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⩄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\capwedge</code>
| <code>&amp;capand;</code>
| <code>U+2A44</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot{\cup}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊍
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \, \dot{\cup} \, B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Disjoint union]]
| <code>\dot\cup</code>
| <code>&amp;cupdot;</code>
| <code>U+228D</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\uplus</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊎
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \uplus B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\uplus</code>
| <code>&amp;uplus;</code>
| <code>U+228E</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqcup</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊔
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqcup B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqcup</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareUnion;</code>
| <code>U+2294</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⫛
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| [[Transversality (mathematics)|Transversal intersection]]
| <code>\mlcp</code>
| <code>&amp;mlcp;</code>
| <code>U+2ADB</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\complement</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∁
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^\complement</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Complement (set theory)]]
| <code>^\complement</code> 
| <code>&amp;complement;</code>
| <code>U+2201</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{\mathrm C}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | {{font|text=C|font=Roman}}
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A^{\mathrm C}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>^{\mathrm C}</code> 
| <code>&amp;complement;</code>
| <code>U+2201</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{z}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bar{}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{A}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline{}</code>
| 
| <code>U+0305</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℘
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wp(A)</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Power set]]
| <code>\wp</code>
| <code>&amp;wp;</code>
| <code>U+2118</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathcal{P}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝒫
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathcal{P}(A)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mathcal{P}</code>
| <code>&amp;Pscr;</code>
| <code>U+1D4AB</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathfrak{P}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝔓
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathfrak{P}(A)</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mathfrak{P}</code>
| <code>&amp;Pfr;</code>
| <code>U+1D513</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigwedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigwedge\limits_{x \in A}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Infimum and supremum]]
| <code>\bigwedge</code><br/><code>\bigwedge\limits_{}</code>
| <code>&amp;Wedge;</code>
| <code>U+22C0</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋁
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigvee\limits_{x \in A}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigvee</code><br/><code>\bigvee\limits_{}</code>
| <code>&amp;xvee;</code>
| <code>U+22C1</code>
|}

===Set relations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML 
! Unicode Hex
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\subset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \subset B</math>
| rowspan=3 | [[Subset]]
| <code>\subset</code>
| <code>&amp;sub;</code>
| <code>U+2282</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\subsetneq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊊
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \subsetneq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\subsetneq</code>
| <code>&amp;subne;</code>
| <code>U+228A</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\subseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊆
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \subseteq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\subseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;sube;</code>
| <code>U+2286</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟃
| style="text-align: center;" | {{math|''A'' ⟃ ''B''}}
| rowspan=1 |
| <code>\subsetcirc</code>
| <code>&amp;#x27C3;</code>
| <code>U+27C3</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\supset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[⊃|⊃]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \supset B</math>
| rowspan=3 | Superset
| <code>\supset</code>
| <code>&amp;sup;</code>
| <code>U+2283</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\supsetneq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊋
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \supsetneq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\supsetneq</code>
| <code>&amp;supne;</code>
| <code>U+228B</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\supseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊇
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \supseteq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\supseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;supe;</code>
| <code>U+2287</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟄
| style="text-align: center;" | {{math|''A'' ⟄ ''B''}}
| rowspan=1 |
| <code>\supsetcirc</code>
| <code>&amp;#x27C4;</code>
| <code>U+27C4</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\subset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \not\subset B</math>
| 
| <code>\not\subset</code>
| <code>&amp;nsub;</code>
| <code>U+2284</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\supset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \not\supset B</math>
| Superset
| <code>\not\supset</code>
| <code>&amp;nsup;</code>
| <code>U+2285</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\subseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊈
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \not\subseteq B</math>
| 
| <code>\not\subseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;NotSubsetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2288</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\supseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊉
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \not\supseteq B</math>
| Superset
| <code>\not\supseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;NotSupersetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2289</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\in</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∈
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \in A</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Element (mathematics)]]
| <code>\in</code>
| <code>&amp;isin;</code>
| <code>U+2208</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ni</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∋
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \ni a</math>
| <code>\ni</code>, <code>\owns</code>
| <code>&amp;ni;</code>
| <code>U+220B</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\notin</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∉
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \notin A</math>
| <code>\notin</code>, <code>\not\in</code>
| <code>&amp;notin;</code>
| <code>U+2209</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\ni</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∌
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \not\ni a</math>
| <code>\not\ni</code>
| <code>&amp;NotReverseElement;</code>
| <code>U+220C</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsubset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊏
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqsubset B</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Substring]]
| <code>\sqsubset</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareSubset;</code>
| <code>U+228F</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsupset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊐
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqsupset B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsupset</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareSuperset;</code>
| <code>U+2290</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsubseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊑
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqsubseteq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsubseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;sqsubseteq;</code>
| <code>U+2291</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsupseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊒
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>A \sqsupseteq B</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsupseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;SquareSupersetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2292</code>
|}

''Note:'' The symbols <math>\subset</math> and <math>\supset</math> are used inconsistently and often do not exclude the equality of the two quantities.

===Cardinality===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|~~|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | | |
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|A|</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Cardinality]]
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\#</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | #
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\# A</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\#</code>
| <code>&amp;num;</code>
| <code>U+0023</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathfrak{c}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝔠
| style="text-align: center;" |
| [[Cardinality of the continuum]]
| <code>\mathfrak{c}</code>
| <code>&amp;cfr;</code>
| <code>U+1D520</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\aleph</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℵ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\aleph_0</math>, <math>\aleph_1</math>, ...
| [[Aleph number]]
| <code>\aleph</code>
| <code>&amp;aleph;</code>
| <code>U+2135</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\beth</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℶ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\beth_0</math>, <math>\beth_1</math>, ...
| [[Beth number]]
| <code>\beth</code>
| <code>&amp;beth;</code>
| <code>U+2136</code>
|}

===Equivalence classes/relations===
{{anchor|Equivalence relations/classes}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ ~~ ]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ a ]</math>
| [[Equivalence class]]
| <code>[  ]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | /
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>M /\! \sim</math>
| [[Quotient set]]
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;sol;</code>
| <code>U+002F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sim b</math>
| rowspan=7 | [[Equivalence relation]]
| <code>\sim</code>
| <code>&amp;sim;</code>, <code>&amp;Tilde;</code>
| <code>U+223C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\backsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[∽|∽]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \backsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\backsim</code>
| <code>&amp;bsim;</code>
| <code>U+223D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≁
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \nsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\sim</code>, <code>\nsim</code>
| <code>&amp;nsim;</code>
| <code>U+2241</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\eqsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \eqsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\eqsim</code>
| <code>&amp;EqualTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2242</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\simeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≃
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \simeq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\simeq</code>
| <code>&amp;TildeEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2243</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cong</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | [[≅|≅]]
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \cong b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cong</code>
| <code>&amp;TildeFullEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2245</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ncong</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≇
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \ncong b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\cong</code>, <code>\ncong</code>
| <code>&amp;NotTildeFullEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2247</code>
|}

==Order theory==

===Comparisons===
{{anchor|Order theory relations|Orders relations}}

:''See also'': Arithmetic comparison, Set relations

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \leq b</math>
| rowspan=6 | Order relation
| <code>\leq</code>, <code>\le</code>
| <code>&amp;leq;</code>, <code>&amp;le;</code>
| <code>U+2264</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\geq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \geq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\geq</code>, <code>\ge</code>
| <code>&amp;geq;</code>, <code>&amp;ge;</code>
| <code>U+2265</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nless</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≮
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \nless b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\nless</code>
| <code>&amp;nlt;</code>, <code>&amp;NotLess;</code>
| <code>U+226E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ngtr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \ngtr b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\ngtr</code>
| <code>&amp;ngt;</code>, <code>&amp;NotGreater;</code>
| <code>U+226F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nleq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≰
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \nleq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\leq</code>, <code>\nleq</code>
| <code>&amp;nle;</code>, <code>&amp;NotLessEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2270</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ngeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≱
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \ngeq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\geq</code>, <code>\ngeq</code>
| <code>&amp;nge;</code>, <code>&amp;NotGreaterEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2271</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\lesssim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \lesssim b</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Inequality (mathematics)]]
| <code>\lesssim</code>
| <code>&amp;lsim;</code>, <code>&amp;LessTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2272</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\gtrsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≳
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \gtrsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\gtrsim</code>
| <code>&amp;gsim;</code>, <code>&amp;GreaterTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2273</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\lesssim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≴
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \not\lesssim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\lesssim</code>
| <code>&amp;NotLessTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2274</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\gtrsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≵
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \not\gtrsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\gtrsim</code>
| <code>&amp;NotGreaterTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2275</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\prec</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≺
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \prec b</math>
| rowspan=12 | [[Successor ordinal]]
| <code>\prec</code>
| <code>&amp;prec;</code>
| <code>U+227A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\succ</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \succ b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\succ</code>
| <code>&amp;succ;</code>
| <code>U+227B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\preccurlyeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≼
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \preccurlyeq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\preccurlyeq</code>
| <code>&amp;PrecedesSlantEqual;</code>
| <code>U+227C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\succcurlyeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≽
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \succcurlyeq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\succcurlyeq</code>
| <code>&amp;SucceedsSlantEqual;</code>
| <code>U+227D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\precsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≾
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \precsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\precsim</code>
| <code>&amp;PrecedesTilde;</code>
| <code>U+227E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\succsim</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≿
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \succsim b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\succsim</code>
| <code>&amp;SucceedsTilde;</code>
| <code>U+227F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\preceq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \preceq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\preceq</code>
| <code>&amp;PrecedesEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2AAF</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\succeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⪰
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \succeq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\succeq</code>
| <code>&amp;SucceedsEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2AB0</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\curlyeqprec</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋞
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \curlyeqprec b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\curlyeqprec</code>
| <code>&amp;curlyeqprec;</code>
| <code>U+22DE</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\curlyeqsucc</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋟
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \curlyeqsucc b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\curlyeqsucc</code>
| <code>&amp;curlyeqsucc;</code>
| <code>U+22DF</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\preceq</math>
| rowspan="6" | [[Partially ordered set]]
| <code>\sqsubset</code>
| <code>&amp;sqsubset;</code><br><code>&amp;SquareSubset;</code>
| <code>U+228F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsupset</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊐
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sqsupset b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsupset</code>
| <code>&amp;sqsupset;</code><br><code>&amp;SquareSuperset;</code>
| <code>U+2290</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsubseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊑
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sqsubseteq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsubseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;sqsubseteq;</code><br><code>&amp;SquareSubsetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2291</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\sqsupseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊒
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \sqsupseteq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\sqsupseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;sqsupseteq;</code><br><code>&amp;SquareSupersetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+2292</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\sqsubseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋢
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \not\sqsubseteq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\sqsubseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;NotSquareSubsetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22E2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\sqsupseteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋣
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \not\sqsupseteq b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\not\sqsupseteq</code>
| <code>&amp;NotSquareSupersetEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22E3</code>
|}

===Binary relations===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | ;
| style="text-align: center;" | ;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R ; S</math>
| [[Composition of relations]]
| <code>;</code>
| <code>&amp;semi;</code>
| <code>U+003B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bullet</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | •
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \bullet b</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Operation (mathematics)]]
| <code>\bullet</code>
| <code>&amp;bull;</code>
| <code>U+2219</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>a \ast b</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+2217</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{T}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R^{T}</math>
| [[Converse relation]]
| <code>T</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⁻
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{R}</math>
| Complementary relation
| <code>\bar{R}</code>
| 
| 
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^{+}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | +
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R^{+}</math>
| [[Transitive closure]]
| <code>+</code>
| 
| <code>U+002B</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | *
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R^\ast</math>
| [[Reflexive closure]]
| <code>\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+002A</code>
|}

==Algebra==

===Group theory===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\simeq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≃
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \simeq H</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Group isomorphism]]
| <code>\simeq</code>
| 
| <code>U+2243</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\cong</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \cong H</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\cong</code>
| <code>&amp;cong;</code>
| <code>U+2245</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \times H</math>
| [[Direct product]]
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\rtimes</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋊
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \rtimes H</math>
| [[Semidirect product]]
| <code>\rtimes</code>
| <code>&amp;rtimes;</code>
| <code>U+22CA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wr</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \, \wr \, H</math>
| [[Wreath product]]
| <code>\wr</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalTilde;</code>
| <code>U+2240</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\leq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ≤
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>U \leq G</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Subgroup]]
| <code>\leq</code>
| <code>&amp;le;</code>
| <code>U+2264</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math><</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &lt;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>U < G</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\lt</code>
| <code>&amp;lt;</code>
| <code>U+003C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vartriangleleft</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>N \vartriangleleft G</math>
| rowspan=8 | [[Normal subgroup]]
| <code><small>\vartriangleleft</small></code>
| <code>&amp;RightTriangle;</code>
| <code>U+22B3</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\trianglelefteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊴
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>N \trianglelefteq G</math>
| <code><small>\trianglelefteq</small></code>
| <code>&amp;LeftTriangleEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22B4</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\vartriangleleft</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋪
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>N \not\vartriangleleft G</math>
| <code><small>\not\vartriangleleft</small></code>
| <code>&amp;ntriangleleft;</code>
| <code>U+22EA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\trianglelefteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋬
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>N \not\trianglelefteq G</math>
| <code><small>\not\trianglelefteq</small></code>
| <code>&amp;NotLeftTriangleEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22EC</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vartriangleright</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊳
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \vartriangleright N</math>
| <code><small>\vartriangleright</small></code>
| <code>&amp;RightTriangle;</code>
| <code>U+22B3</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\trianglerighteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊵
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \trianglerighteq N</math>
| <code><small>\trianglerighteq</small></code>
| <code>&amp;RightTriangleEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22B5</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\vartriangleright</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋫
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \not\vartriangleright N</math>
| <code><small>\not\vartriangleright</small></code>
| <code>&amp;NotRightTriangle;</code>
| <code>U+22EB</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\not\trianglerighteq</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋭
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G \not\trianglerighteq N</math>
| <code><small>\not\trianglerighteq</small></code>
| <code>&amp;NotRightTriangleEqual;</code>
| <code>U+22ED</code>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | /
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>G / N</math>
| [[Quotient group]]
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;frasl;</code>
| <code>U+002F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\colon</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | :
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>( G \colon U )</math>
| [[Index of a subgroup]]
| <code>\colon</code>
| <code>&amp;colon;</code>
| <code>U+003A</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle ~~ \rangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟨ ⟩
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\langle E \rangle</math>
| [[Generating set of a group]]
| <code>\langle \rangle</code>
| <code>&amp;lang;</code> <code>&amp;rang;</code>
| <code>U+27E8/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ ~~ ]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ g, h ]</math>
| [[Commutator]]
| <code>[  ]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|}

===Field theory===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | /
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>L / K</math>
| rowspan=3 | Field extension
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;frasl;</code>
| <code>U+002F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mid</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>|</nowiki>
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>L \mid K</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\mid</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | <math>\colon</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | :
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>L \colon K</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| rowspan=2 | <code>\colon</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>&amp;colon;</code>
| rowspan=2 | <code>U+003A</code>
|- 
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ L \colon K ]</math>
| Degree of a field extension
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{K}</math>
| rowspan=2 | Algebraic closure
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{K}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>( )</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ( )
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>K(\alpha)</math>
| Field extension, [[Algebraic number field]]
| <code>( )</code>
| <code>&amp;lpar;</code> <code>&amp;rpar;</code>
| <code>U+0028/9</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{F}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝔽
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| [[Finite field]]
| <code>\mathbb{F}</code>
| <code>&amp;Fopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D53D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbb{K}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝕂
| style="text-align: center;" | 
| [[Field (mathematics)]]
| <code>\mathbb{K}</code>
| <code>&amp;Kopf;</code>
| <code>U+1D542</code>
|}

===Ring theory===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\ast</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∗
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R^\ast</math>
| rowspan=2 | Group of units
| <code>\ast</code>
| <code>&amp;lowast;</code>
| <code>U+2217</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\times</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⨯
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R^\times</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\times</code>
| <code>&amp;times;</code>
| <code>U+2A2F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\vartriangleleft</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊲
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>I \vartriangleleft R</math>
| [[Ideal (ring theory)]]
| <small><code>\vartriangleleft</code></small>
| <code>&amp;LeftTriangle;</code>
| <code>U+22B2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>/</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | /
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R / I</math>
| [[Quotient ring]]
| <code>/</code>
| <code>&amp;frasl;</code>
| <code>U+002F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[ ~~ ]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>R[ X ]</math>
| [[Polynomial ring]]
| <code>[  ]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>~~</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>RX, R((X))</math>
| [[Formal power series#The ring of formal power series|Formal power series]]
| <code>[[  ]] </code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\deg</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | deg
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\deg p(x)</math>
| [[Degree of a polynomial]]
| <code>\deg</code>
| <code>deg;</code>
| 
|}

==Geometry==

===Euclidean geometry===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[~~]</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#91; &#93;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>[AB]</math>
| rowspan=4 | [[Line segment]]
| <code>[  ]</code> <code>\left[  \right]</code>
| <code>&amp;lsqb;</code> <code>&amp;rsqb;</code> 
| <code>U+005B/D</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|~~|</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#124; &#124;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>|AB|</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\vert</code>
| <code>&amp;VerticalLine;</code>
| <code>U+007C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#x0305;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{AB}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\underline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#x0332;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\underline{AB}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\underline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x332;</code>
| <code>U+0332</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overrightarrow{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | &#x20D7;
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overrightarrow{AB}</math>
| [[Euclidean vector]] <br>and [[Affine space]]
| <code>\vec</code>
| <code>&amp;#x20D7;</code>
| <code>U+20D7</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\angle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∠
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\angle ABC</math>
| [[Angle]]
| <code>\angle</code>
| <code>&amp;ang;</code>
| <code>U+2220</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∡
| style="text-align: center;" | ∡ABC
| Angle measure
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;measuredangle;</code>
| <code>U+2221</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∟
| style="text-align: center;" | ∟ABC
| [[Right angle]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;angrt;</code>
| <code>U+221F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦜
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦜ABC
| [[Right angle]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;vangrt;</code>
| <code>U+299C</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦟
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦟ABC
| Acute angle
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x299F;</code>
| <code>U+299F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦦
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦦ABC
| Obtuse angle, Oblique angle
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;dwangle;</code>
| <code>U+29A6</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦞
| style="text-align: center;" | ⦞ABC
| [[Angle]]s
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x299E;</code>
| <code>U+299E</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\parallel</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∥
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>g \parallel h</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Parallel (geometry)]]
| <code>\parallel</code>
| <code>&amp;shortparallel;</code>
| <code>U+2225</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\nparallel</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∦
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>g \nparallel h</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\nparallel</code>
| <code>&amp;NotDoubleVerticalBar;</code>
| <code>U+2226</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\perp</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⟂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>g \perp h</math>
| [[Orthogonality]]
| <code>\perp</code>
| <code>&amp;perp;</code>
| <code>U+27C2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\triangle</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | △
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\triangle ABC</math>
| [[Triangle]]
| <code>\triangle</code>
| <code>&amp;bigtriangleup;</code>
| <code>U+25B3</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊿
| style="text-align: center;" | ⊿ABC
| [[Right triangle]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;lrtri;</code>
| <code>U+22BF</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\square</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | □
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\square \mathit{ABCD}</math>
| [[Quadrilateral]]
| <code>\square</code>
| <code>&amp;squ;</code>
| <code>U+25A1</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ▭
| style="text-align: center;" | ▭ABCD
| [[Rectangle]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;rect;</code>
| <code>U+25AD</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⏢
| style="text-align: center;" | ⏢ABCD
| Trapezium
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;trpezium;</code>
| <code>U+23E2</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ▱
| style="text-align: center;" | ▱ABCD
| [[Parallelogram]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;fltns;</code>
| <code>U+25B1</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◊
| style="text-align: center;" | ◊ABCD
| [[Rhombus]], [[Lozenge (shape)|Lozenge]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;loz;</code>
| <code>U+25CA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬠
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬠ABCDE
| [[Pentagon]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x2B20;</code>
| <code>U+2B20</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬡
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬡ABCDEF
| [[Hexagon]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x2B21;</code>
| <code>U+2B21</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬢
| style="text-align: center;" | ⬢ABCDEF
| [[Hexagon]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x2B22;</code>
| <code>U+2B22</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ○
| style="text-align: center;" | ○S
| [[Circle]]
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;cir;</code>
| <code>U+25CB</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math></math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ●
| style="text-align: center;" | ●S
| Disc
| <code></code>
| <code>&amp;#x25CF;</code>
| <code>U+25CF</code>
|}

===Differential geometry===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathcal{L}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ℒ
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathcal{L}_X \omega</math>
| [[Lie derivative]]
| <code>\mathcal{L}</code>
| <code>&amp;#x2112;</code>
| <code>U+2112</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\mathbin{\lrcorner}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⌟
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>X \mathbin{\lrcorner} \omega</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Interior product]]
| <code>\mathbin{\lrcorner}</code>
| <code>&amp;lrcorner;</code>
| <code>U+231F</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iota</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | 𝜄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\iota_X \omega</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\iota</code>
| <code>&amp;#x1D704;</code>
| <code>U+1D704</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\wedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∧
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\omega \wedge \eta</math>
| rowspan=2 | Wedge product
| <code>\wedge</code>
| <code>&amp;wedge;</code>
| <code>U+2227</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bigwedge</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ⋀
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{\textstyle\bigwedge^k} A</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\bigwedge</code>
| <code>&amp;Wedge;</code>
| <code>U+22C0</code>
|}

===Topology===

{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol
! Unicode character
! Usage
! Articles with usage
! LaTeX
! HTML
! Unicode Hex
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\partial</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ∂
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\partial U</math>
| [[Boundary (topology)]]
| <code>\partial</code>
| <code>&amp;part;</code>
| <code>U+2202</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>{}^\circ</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ˚
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>U^\circ</math>
| [[Interior (topology)]]
| <code>\circ</code>
| <code>&amp;deg;</code>
| <code>U+02DA</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̄
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\bar{z}</math>
| rowspan=2 | [[Closure (topology)]]
| <code>\bar</code>
| <code>&amp;#x304;</code>
| <code>U+0304</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{~~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̅
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\overline{z}</math>
<!-- Row spanned from above -->
| <code>\overline</code>
| <code>&amp;#x305;</code>
| <code>U+0305</code>
|- 
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot{~}</math>
| style="text-align: center;" | ◌̇
| style="text-align: center;" | <math>\dot{U}(x)</math>
| Punctured neighbourhood
| <code>\dot</code>
| 
| <code>U+0307</code>
|}

==See also==

===By type of symbol===

* List of letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
** Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
** Latin letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
* [[Blackboard bold]]
* Diacritic

===By topic area===
* [[Glossary of mathematical symbols]]
** [[List of logic symbols]]
* [[APL syntax and symbols#Monadic functions|APL syntax and symbols]]
* [[Physics:List of common physics notations|List of common physics notations]]
* [[Notation in probability and statistics]]
* [[Physics:Physical constant|Physical constant]]s

===General===
* [[List of mathematical abbreviations]]
* [[Mathematical notation]]
* [[Language of mathematics]]

===Unicode===
* Lists of [[Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode]]
** [[Mathematical Operators]] and [[Supplemental Mathematical Operators]]
** [[List of mathematical symbols]]
** Miscellaneous Math Symbols: [[Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A|A]], [[Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B|B]], [[Miscellaneous Technical|Technical]]
** [[Arrow (symbol)]] and [[Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows]] and [https://coolsymbol.com/arrow-symbols-arrow-signs.html arrow symbols]
** [[ISO 31-11]] (Mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology)
** [[Number Forms]]
** [[Geometric Shapes]]
* [[Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols]], a Unicode block
** Mathematical constants and functions
** [[Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date]]
* [[List of Unicode characters]]
** [[Letterlike Symbols]]
** [[Unicode block]]

==Bibliography==

* {{citation|surname1=Tilo Arens|surname2=Frank Hettlich|surname3=Christian Karpfinger|surname4=Ulrich Kockelkorn|surname5=Klaus Lichtenegger|surname6=[[Biography:Hellmuth Stachel|Hellmuth Stachel]]|title=Mathematik |edition=2.|publisher=Spektrum Akademischer Verlag|pages=1483ff|isbn=978-3-827-42347-4|date=  2011|language=German}}
* {{citation|surname1=Wolfgang Hackbusch|title=Taschenbuch der Mathematik, Band 1 |edition=3.|publisher=Springer|pages=1275ff|isbn=978-3-835-10123-4|date=  2010|language=German}}
* Deutsches Institut für Normung: ''DIN 1302: Allgemeine mathematische Zeichen und Begriffe'', Beuth-Verlag, 1999.
* Deutsches Institut für Normung: ''DIN 1303: Vektoren, Matrizen, Tensoren; Zeichen und Begriffe'', Beuth-Verlag, 1987.
* International Standards Organisation: ''DIN EN ISO 80000-2: Größen und Einheiten – Teil 2: Mathematische Zeichen für Naturwissenschaft und Technik'', 2013.

==External links==

'''LaTeX and Unicode'''

* [https://ctan.math.illinois.edu/macros/latex/contrib/unicode-math/unimath-symbols.pdf Symbols defined by unicode-math - Lists LaTeX and corresponding Unicode symbols]
* [http://milde.users.sourceforge.net/LUCR/Math/unimathsymbols.pdf Unicode characters and corresponding LaTeX math mode command]

'''LaTeX'''

* {{cite web |author=Scott Pakin |title=The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List|url=http://mirrors.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf |publisher=The Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN)|format=PDF; 4,4&nbsp;MB |date=25 June 2020 |access-date=8 August 2020}}
* [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify] − Online tool: Find LaTeX code for a symbol by drawing it.

'''Unicode'''

* [http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/unicode-math/unimath-symbols.pdf Symbols defined by unicode-math]
* [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf  "Mathematical Operators – Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-07-20.]
* [https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/block/U+2200 Lists Unicode Block "Mathematical Operators"]
* [https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/block/U+2A00 Lists Unicode Block "Supplemental Mathematical Operators"]
* [https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/block/U+27C0 Lists Unicode Block "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A"]
* [https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/block/U+2980 Lists Unicode Block "Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B"]
* [https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/block/U+1D400 Lists Unicode Block "Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols]
* [http://shapecatcher.com/ Shapecatcher] − Online tool: Find Unicode and HTML codes for a symbol by drawing it.


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathematical Symbols}}

[[Category:Mathematical symbols| ]]
[[Category:Mathematical logic|Symbols]]
[[Category:Mathematical notation|*]]
[[Category:Mathematics-related lists|Symbols]]
[[Category:Mathematical tables|Symbols]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of mathematical symbols by subject}}