View source for Measuring attractiveness by a categorical-based evaluation technique

{{Short description|Multiple-criteria decision analysis method}}
'''Measuring attractiveness through a categorical-based evaluation technique (MACBETH)'''<ref name="Bana">Bana e Costa CA, De Corte J-M, Vansnick J-C. MACBETH. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making. 2012;11(02):359–87.</ref><ref name="Bana2">Bana e Costa CA, De Corte JM, Vansnick JC. On the mathematical foundations of MACBETH. In: Figueira J, Greco S, Ehrgott M, (Eds.) Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: The State of the Art Surveys. New York: Springer; 2005. pp. 409–42.</ref><ref name="Bana3">Bana e Costa CA, Chagas MP. A career choice problem: An example of how to use MACBETH to build a quantitative value model based on qualitative value judgments. European Journal of Operational Research. 2004;153(2):323–31.</ref> is a  [[Multiple-criteria decision analysis|multiple-criteria decision analysis]] (MCDA) method that evaluates options against multiple criteria.

MACBETH was designed by Carlos António Bana e Costa, from the University of Lisbon with Professor Jean-Claude Vansnick and Dr. Jean-Marie De Corte, from the [[Organization:University of Mons|Université de Mons]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bana e Costa|first1=Carlos A|last2=Vansnick|first2=Jean-Claude|title=Advances in Decision Analysis |chapter=The MACBETH Approach: Basic Ideas, Software, and an Application |date=1999|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-0647-6_9|series=Mathematical Modelling: Theory and Applications |volume=4 |publisher=Springer|pages=131–157|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-0647-6_9|isbn=978-90-481-5167-7 }}</ref>

The key distinction between MACBETH and other MCDA methods is that MACBETH needs only [[Qualitative research|qualitative]] judgements about the difference of attractiveness between two elements at a time.  It can then generate numerical scores for the options in each criterion and to weight the criteria. 

The seven MACBETH [[Philosophy:Semantics|semantic]] categories are: no, very weak, weak, moderate, strong, very strong, and extreme difference of attractiveness.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

== Uses and applications==
MACBETH has been extensively applied in various evaluation contexts, namely:<ref name="Bana2"/>

=== Agriculture, manufacturing, and services===
* [[Finance:Finance|Finance]]<ref name="Bana e Costa 2007">Bana e Costa, C. A., J. C. Lourenço, et al. (2007). "An interval weighting assignment model for credit analysis." Journal of Financial Decision Making 3(2): 1–9.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., L. Barroso, et al. (2002). "Qualitative modelling of credit scoring: A case study in banking." Journal of European Research Studies 5(1-2): 37–51.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and J. O. Soares (2004). "A multicriteria model for portfolio management." European Journal of Finance 10(3): 198–211.</ref><ref>Bortuluzzi, S. C., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2010). "Avaliação de Desempenho dos Aspectos Tangíveis e Intangíveis da Área de Mercado: Estudo de caso em uma média empresa industrial." Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios 12(37): 425–446.</ref><ref>Bortuluzzi, S. C., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2011). "Avaliação de desempenho das variáveis financeiras e não financeiras que respondem pelo desempenho de uma indústria de móveis." Revista Gestão Industria 7(2): 24–47.</ref><ref>Bortuluzzi, S. C., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2011b). "Avaliação de desempenho económico-financeiro: Uma proposta de integração de indicadores contábeis tradicionais por meio da Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão Construtivista (MCDA-C)." Revista Alcance (Online) 18(2): 200–218.</ref><ref>Cabello, J. M., F. Ruiz, et al. (2014). "Synthetic indicators of mutual funds' environmental responsibility: An application of the Reference Point Method." European Journal of Operational Research. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.11.031.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L., G. N. Montibeller, et al. (2000). Constructing and implementing a DSS to help evaluate perceived risk of accounts receivable. Research and Practice in Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 487: 245–259.</ref><ref>Ferreira, F. A. F. (2006). Bank Branches' Performance Evaluation. IADIS International Conference e-Society, Dublin, Ireland: 392–394.</ref><ref>Ferreira, F., S. P. Santos, et al. (2014). "Assessing Credit Risk Of Mortgage Lending Using MACBETH: A Methodological Framework." Management Decision 52(2): 1–36.</ref><ref>Ferreira, F. A. F., S. P. Santos, et al. (2011). "Adding value to bank branch performance evaluation using cognitive maps and MCDA: A case study." Journal of the Operational Research Society 62(7): 1320–1333.</ref><ref>Ferreira, F. A. F., R. W. Spahr, et al. (2012). "A Multiple Criteria Framework to Evaluate Bank Branch Potential Attractiveness." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 16(3): 254–276.</ref><ref>Hurson, C., K. Mastorakis, et al. (2012). "Application of a synergy of MACBETH and MAUT multicriteria methods to portfolio selection in Athens stock exchange." International Journal of Multicriteria Decision Making 2(2): 113–127.</ref><ref>Soares, J. O. and C. A. Bana e Costa (2001). Value judgements in portfolio management, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref>
* Information systems<ref>Sousa, J. V. M., J. S. de v Silva, et al. (2012). MAC-OLSR: Improving OLSR protocol in mesh networks using multiple metrics. Valencia, 6th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems: 1–8.</ref><ref>Flix, B., A. Vasconcelos, et al. (2012). "SimplexIS: Evaluating the impact of e-Gov simplication measures in the information system architecture." World Academy of Science 63: 636–641.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. M. De Corte, et al. (2012). "MACBETH." International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 11(2): 359–387.</ref>
* Performance measurement<ref>Berrah, L. and V. Clivillé (2007). "Towards an aggregation performance measurement system model in a supply chain context." Computers in Industry 58(7): 709–719.</ref><ref>Berrah, L., G. Mauris, et al. (2008a). "Monitoring the improvement of an overall industrial performance based on a Choquet integral aggregation." Omega 36(3): 340–351.</ref><ref>Berrah, L., G. Mauris, et al. (2008b). "Efficacy and efficiency indexes for a multi-criteria industrial performance synthesized by Choquet integral aggregation." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 21(4): 415–425.</ref><ref>Berrah, L., G. Mauris, et al. (2006). "Industrial performance measurement: An approach based on the aggregation of unipolar or bipolar expressions." International Journal of Production Research 44(18–19): 4145–4158.</ref><ref>Bortuluzzi, S. C., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2009). "Proposta de um modelo multicritério de avaliação de desempenho económico-financeiro para apoiar decisões de investimentos em empresas de capital aberto." CAP Accounting and Management 3(3): 100–110.</ref><ref>Bortuluzzi, S. C., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2010). "Construção de um modelo de avaliaço de desempenho para a gestão financeira de uma empresa de informática." CAP Accounting and Management 4(4): 12–22.</ref><ref>Clivillé, V., L. Berrah, et al. (2007). "Quantitative expression and aggregation of performance measurements based on the MACBETH multi-criteria method." International Journal of Production Economics 105(1): 171–189.</ref><ref>Dutra, A., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2009). "A incorporação da dimensão integrativa nos processos de avaliação do desempenho organizacional: Um estudo de caso." Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade 6(11): 109–136.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L., E. Giffhorn, et al. (2010). "Avaliação do Desempenho de Empresas Terceirizadas com o Uso da Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão-Construtivista." Revista Pesquisa Operacional 30(1): 125–152.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L., L. C. M. Scheid, et al. (2012). "Software process assessment and improvement using multicriteria decision aiding-constructivist." JISTEM – Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management 9(3): 473–496.</ref><ref>de Azevedo, R., R. de Oliveira Lacerda, et al. (2013). "Performance Measurement to Aid Decision Making in the Budgeting Process for Apartment-Building Construction: Case Study Using MCDA-C." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 139(2): 225–235.</ref><ref>Gallon, A. V., S. R. Ensslin, et al. (2011). "Avaliaço de desempenho organizacional em incubadoras de empresas por meio da metodologia multicritério de apoio à decisão construtivista (MCDA-C): A experiência do midi tecnológico." RAI: Revista de Administraço e Inovação 8(1): 37–63.</ref><ref>Giffhorn, E., L. Ensslin, et al. (2010). "Avaliação do Desempenho de Empresas Terceirizadas com o uso da Metodologia Multicritério em Apoio à Decisão – Construtivista." Pesquisa Operacional 30(1): 125–152.</ref><ref>Giffhorn, E., L. Ensslin, et al. (2009). Proposal of a Multicriteria Performance Evaluation for Outsourced Project Providers. Performance Measurement Association Conference 2009. University of Otago, New Zealand, (18p.).</ref><ref>Junior, A. G. M., M. M. C. Junior, et al. (2012). "Multicriteria and multivariate analysis for port performance Evaluation." International Journal of Production Economics 140(1): 450–456.</ref><ref>Lauras, M., G. Marques, et al. (2010). "Towards a multi-dimensional project Performance Measurement System." Decision Support Systems 48(2): 342–353.</ref><ref>Lacerda, R. T. O., L. Ensslin, et al. (2010). "Um estudo de caso sobre gerenciamento de portfólio de projectos e apoio à decisão multicritério." Revista Gestão Industrial 6(1): 1–29.</ref><ref>Lacerda, R. T. O., L. Ensslin, et al. (2011a). "A Performance Measurement Framework in Portfolio Management: A Constructivist Case." Management Decision 49(4): 648–668.</ref><ref>Lacerda, R. T. O., L. Ensslin, et al. (2011b). "A performance measurement view of IT project management." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 60(2): 132–151.</ref><ref>Marques, G., D. Gourc, et al. (2010). "Multi-criteria performance analysis for decision making in project management." International Journal of Project Management 29(8): 1057–1069.</ref><ref>Stolt, R. and L. Ensslin (2009). "Avaliação de pilotos Very Light Jets Utilizando-se a MCDA-C." Conexão Sipaer 1(1): 85–103.</ref><ref>Vernadat, F., L. Shah, et al. (2013). "VR-PMS: A new approach for performance measurement and management of industrial systems." International Journal of Production Research 51(23–24): 7420–7438.</ref><ref>Bentaleb,   F.,   Mabrouki,   C.   &   Semma,   A.,   2015a.   Key   Performance   Indicators   Evaluation  and  Performance  Measurement  in  Dry  Port-Seaport  System:  A  Multi  Criteria  Approach.  Journal  of  ETA  Maritime  Science,  3(2),  pp.97–116.</ref>
* Production & service planning<ref>Amora Silva, M. B. F. and C. A. Bana e Costa (2008). "Modelo multicritério de avaliação de capacidade empreendedora em empresas de base tecnológica." Engevista 10(1): 4–14.</ref><ref>Andrade, A. C. Z. B. and C. A. Bana e Costa (2001). Measuring security value: a multi-criteria decision analysis approach, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., L. Ensslin, et al. (1998). Structuring the Process of Choosing Rice Varieties at the South of Brazil, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.</ref><ref name="Bana e Costa 1997">Bana e Costa, C. A., M. L. Costa-Lobo, et al. (1997). "Contributo da metodologia multicritério na elaboração do Plano Estratégico de Barcelos." Sociedade e Território 24: 102–115.</ref><ref>Cardoso, F. J. P., L. F. A. M. Gomes, et al. (2003). "Administração das operações de telecomunicação: Uma análise de decisão." Revista Portuguesa e Brasileira de Gestão 2(2): 91–103.</ref><ref>de Castro, A. K. A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2006). "A Scheduling Process Applied to Newspaper Production." IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.</ref><ref>de Castro, A. K. A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2008). Application Multicriteria Decision Analysis on TV Digital. Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, Springer: 39–44.</ref><ref>Grzebieluckas, C., M. A. Busson, et al. (2011). "Instrumento para identificação das necessidades do consumidor no processo de desenvolvimento do design: Ilustrado ao caso de projeto de um automóvel." Gestão & produção 18(2): 335–350.</ref><ref>Karande, P. and S. Chakraborty (2013). "Evaluation and selection of flexible manufacturing systems using MACBETH method." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 16(1): 123–144.</ref><ref>Montmain, J., C. Sanchez, et al. (2009). "Multi criteria analyses for managing motorway company facilities: The decision support system SINERGIE." [[Engineering:Advanced Engineering Informatics|Advanced Engineering Informatics]] 23(3): 265–287.</ref><ref>Palacios, O. Y. S., P. C. N. Rincón, et al. (2013). "Multicriteria optimization of production conditions for a new phthalate-free PVC plasticizer." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Doi: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.021.</ref><ref>Pedro, M. I. and F. L. Cabral (2013). "A New Innovative Model Using RFID: A System Design and Its Implementation." International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance & Economic Sciences 3(2): 508–219.</ref><ref>Rodrigues, A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2009). Towards the Selection of Testable Use Cases and a Real Experience. WSKS (2), Springer. 49: 513–521.</ref><ref>Sanchez, C., J. Montmain, et al. (2007). Planning of Maintenance Operations for a Motorway Operator based upon Multicriteria Evaluations over a Finite Scale and Sensitivity Analyses. Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics: 23–35.</ref>
* [[Quality management]]<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., M. C. Carnero, et al. (2012). "A multi-criteria model for auditing a Predictive Maintenance Programme." European Journal of Operational Research 217(2): 381–393.</ref><ref name="Bana e Costa 2000">Bana e Costa, C. A. and E. C. Corrêa (2000). O processo de construção do índice FUNCEME de vulnerabilidade à seca, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref><ref>Carnero, M. C. (2009a). "Evaluating a Maintenance Department in a Service Company." International Journal of Mathematical models and Methods in Applied Sciences 3(3): 230–237.</ref><ref>Carnero, M. C. (2009b). Maintenance Audit by means of an additive multicriteria model. Advances in Marketing, Management and Finances, WSEAS Press: 147–152.</ref><ref>Fakhfakh, N., F. Pourraz, et al. (2011). Client-Oriented Preferences Model for QoS Aggregation in Service-Based Applications. E-Business and Telecommunications. Seville, Spain, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 314: 141–155.</ref>
* R&D project selection<ref>de Lima, A. S. and J. H. S. Damiani (2009). A Proposed Method for Modeling Research and Development (R&D) Project Prioritization Criteria. Management of Engineering & Technology, 2009, PICMET 2009.</ref>
* [[Risk management]]<ref>Costa, H. R., M. D. O. Barros, et al. (2007). "Evaluating software project portfolio risks." Journal of Systems and Software 80(1): 16–31.</ref><ref>Figueiredo, M. S. M. and M. D. Oliveira (2009). Prioritizing Risks Based on Multicriteria Decision Aid Methodology: Development of Methods Applied to ALSTOM Power. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Hong Kong, China: 1568–1572.</ref><ref>Ntouskas, T. and N. Polemi (2012). "STORM-RM: A collaborative and multicriteria risk management methodology." International Journal of Multicriteria Decision Making 2(2): 159–177.</ref><ref>Bentaleb,  F.,  Mabrouki,  C.  &  Semma,  A.,  2015b.  A  Multi-Criteria  Approach  for  Risk  Assessment  of  Dry  Port-Seaport  System.  Supply  Chain  Forum:  An  International  Journal, 16(4), pp.32–49</ref>
* Strategy & resource allocation<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., L. Ensslin, et al. (1998b). A Real-World MCDA Application in Cellular Telephony Systems. Trends in Multicriteria Decision Making, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 465: 412–423.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., E. C. Corrêa, et al. (1999). "Decision support systems in action: Integrated application in a multicriteria decision aid process." European Journal of Operational Research 113(2): 315–335.</ref>
* [[Supply chain]] and logistics<ref>Della Bruna Jr., E., L. Ensslin, et al. (2011). Supply chain performance evaluation: a case study in a company of equipment for refrigeration. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Technology Management Conference. San Jose, USA.</ref><ref>Dhouib, D. (2013). Fuzzy Macbeth method to analyze alternatives in automobile tire wastes reverse logistics. Sousse, International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport: 321–326.</ref><ref>Dhouib, D. (2014). "An extension of MACBETH method for a fuzzy environment to analyze alternatives in reverse logistics for automobile tire wastes." Omega: The International Journal of Management Science 42(1): 25–32.</ref><ref>Gurbuz, T., S. E. Alptekin, et al. (2012). "A hybrid MCDM methodology for ERP selection problem with interacting criteria." Decision Support Systems 54(1): 206–214.</ref><ref>Karande, P. and S. Chakraborty (2013). "Using MACBETH method for supplier selection in manufacturing environment." International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 4: 259–272.</ref><ref>Khaled, A. and M. A. J. Idrissi (2012). "A semi-structured tailoring-driven approach for ERP selection." International Journal of Computer Science Issues 9(5): 71–80.</ref><ref>Oliveira, R. C. and J. C. Lourenço (2002a). "A multicriteria model for assigning new orders to service suppliers." European Journal of Operational Research 139(2): 390–399.</ref><ref>Shah, L. A., F. Vernadat, et al. (2013). Value-Risk Graph: A Decision-Making Tool for Supply Chain and Industrial System Engineering. Center for Information Technology Renato Archer, Fortaleza, Brazil, Management and Control of Production and Logistics. 6: 414–419.</ref><ref>Zamcopé, C. F., L. Ensslin, et al. (2010). "Modelo para avaliar o desempenho de Operadores logísticos – Um estudo de caso na indústria textil." Gestão & Produção 17(4): 693–705.</ref>

=== Energy===
* Project prioritization and selection<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. C. Lourenço, et al. (2008). "Development of reusable bid evaluation models for the Portuguese Electric Transmission Company." Decision Analysis 5(1): 22–42.</ref><ref>Dias-Sardinha, I., J. Carolino, et al. (2013). REHMINE Project – Redevelopment of São Domingos Mine. Mértola, Portugal, School of Economics & Management.</ref>
* Technology choice<ref>Barin, A., L. N. Canha, et al. (2012). Selection of hybrid renewable energy systems in landfills. Florence, 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM): 1–5.</ref><ref>Barin, A., L. F. Martins, et al. (2012). Fuelling the Future: Advances in Science and Technologies for Energy Generation, Transmission and Storage, Universal-Publishers.</ref><ref>Burton, J. and K. Hubacek (2007). "Is small beautiful? A multicriteria assessment of small-scale energy technology applications in local governments." Energy Policy 35(12): 6402–6412.</ref><ref>Ertay, T. and C. Kahraman (2010). Evaluation of Renewable Energy Alternatives Using MACBETH Multicriteria Method. 9th International FLINS Conference on Foundations and Applications of Computational Intelligence, Chengdu, China: 937–943.</ref><ref>Fernandes, M. B., M. C. Almeida, et al. (2008). "Assessing desalination as a sustainable alternative using a multiple criteria decision support model." Water Practice & Technology 3(3): 1–8.</ref><ref>Ferreira, J., M. D. Pinheiro, et al. (2014). "Portuguese sustainable construction assessment tools benchmarked with BREEAM and LEED: An energy analysis." Energy and Buildings 69: 451–463.</ref><ref>Montignac, F. (2008). An MCDA approach for evaluating hydrogen storage systems for future vehicles.</ref><ref>Montignac, F., I. Noirot, et al. (2009). "Multi-criteria evaluation of on-board hydrogen storage technologies using the MACBETH approach." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34(10): 4561–4568.</ref><ref>Wancura, H., R. Mubbala, et al. (2013). A Technology Monitoring and Assessment Tool for Technology Road Mapping. Lucerne, Switzerland, 4th European PEFC and H2 Forum: 1–5.</ref>

=== Environment===
* Landscape management<ref>Soguel, N., M. J. Martin, et al. (2008). "The Impact of Housing Market Segmentation Between Tourists and Residents on the Hedonic Price for Landscape Quality." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 144(IV): 655–678.</ref><ref>Tangerini, A., J. Pictet, et al. (2006). Using A MultiPLE criteria Decision Analysis approach for Landscape Quality Assessment, Chavannes-près-Renens, Chaire de Finances publiques.</ref>
* [[Earth:Climate change|Climate change]]<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., L. Angulo-Meza, et al. (2013). "O método MACBETH e aplicação no Brasil." Engevista 15(1): 3–27.</ref><ref>Cox, R., J. Sanchez, et al. (2013). "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Tools for Prioritising Emerging or Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Associated with Climate Change in Canada." PLoS ONE 8(8): 1–16.</ref>
* Risk management<ref name="Bana e Costa 2000"/><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., C. S. Oliveira, et al. (2008). "Prioritization of bridges and tunnels in earthquake risk mitigation using multicriteria decision analysis: Application to Lisbon." Omega 36(3): 442–450.</ref><ref>Dall'Osso, F., M. Gonella, et al. (2009). "A revised (PTVA) model for assessing the vulnerability of buildings to tsunami damage." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9(5): 1557–1565.</ref><ref>Joerin, F., G. Cool, et al. (2010). "Using multi-criteria decision analysis to assess the vulnerability of drinking water utilities." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 166(1-4): 313–330.</ref><ref>Oliveira, C. S., M. A. Ferreira, et al. (2004). Seismic Vulnerability and Impact Analysis: Elements for Mitigation Policies. XI Congresso Nazionale "L'ingegneria Sismica in Italia. Genova (29p.).</ref><ref>Silva, J. S. V. and C. A. Bana e Costa (2001). Especificação de uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão para gestão pública em regiões semi-áridas, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref>
* [[Sustainable development]]<ref>Romeiro, A. R., P. Bernasconi, et al. (2012). Assessment of existing and proposed policy instruments for biodiversity conservation in São Paulo – Brazil: A coarse grain analysis, POLICYMIX: 1–60.</ref><ref>Merad, M., N. Dechy, et al. (2013). "Using a multi-criteria decision aid methodology to implement sustainable development principles within an organization." European Journal of Operational Research 224(3): 603–613.</ref>
* Water resource management<ref name="Silva, P. 2000">Antão da Silva, P., C. A. Bana e Costa, et al. (2000). Avaliação Multicritério das Incidências Ambientais de Medidas de Controlo de Cheias: Aplicação à Bacia Hidrográfica da Ribeira do Livramento. Trabalhos Técnicos do 1º Congresso sobre Aproveitamentos e Gestão de Recursos Hídricos em Países de Idioma Portu¬guês, Rio de Janeiro, Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.</ref><ref>Ba, F., C. Bouchard, et al. (2011). "Analyse multicritère pour la priorisation des interventions en matière d'approvisionnement en eau en milieu rural au Sénégal: cas de la région de Diourbel." Revue des sciences de l'eau 24(1): 9–22.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., P. An1 ao da Silva, et al. (2004). "Multicriteria evaluation of flood control measures: The case of Ribeira do Livramento." Water Resources Management 18(3): 263–283.</ref>

=== Medical===
* Medical<ref>de Castro, A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2009). An Approach for the Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Hybrid Model in Decision Making. Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology: 216–223.</ref><ref>de Castro, A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2009). Towards the Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Hybrid Model in Decision Making. Best Practices for the Knowledge Society: Knowledge, Learning, Development and Technology for All, Springer-Verlag Berlin.</ref><ref>de Castro, A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2011). Towards the Applied Hybrid Model in Decision Making: A Neuropsychological Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Study Case. 4th International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology Australia, Atlantis Press.</ref><ref>de Castro, A. K. A., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2008). A Multicriteria Model Applied in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: A Bayesian Network. 11th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, São Paulo, Brazil.</ref><ref>Moraes, L., R. Garcia, et al. (2010). "The Multicriteria Analysis for construction of Benchmarkers to Support the Clinical Engineering in the Healthcare Technology Management." European Journal of Operational Research 200(3): 607–615.</ref><ref>Lopes, D. F. (2013). Development of a multicriteria decision aiding model for monitoring and evaluating the performance of Health Care Units. Atas do XVI Congresso da Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional, Bragan\cca, Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional.</ref><ref>Menezes, A. C., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2013). A hybrid model to support the diagnosis of disease: A case study for diabetes. Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, 26th IEEE Canadian Conference Of Electrical And Computer Engineering (CCECE).</ref><ref>Nunes, L. C., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2009). An Expert System Applied to the Diagnosis of Psychological Disorders. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems. Shanghai, China: 363–367.</ref><ref>Nunes, L. C., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2010). Support tool in the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. 3rd World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS (2) 2010. Corfu, Greece: 136–145.</ref><ref>Nunes, L. C., P. R. Pinheiro, et al. (2011). "Toward an Application to Psychological Disorders Diagnosis." Software Tools and Algorithms for Biological Systems 696: 573–580.</ref><ref>Rodrigues, T., M. D. Oliveira, et al. (2011). Multicriteria model to allocate human resources in community care programmes. 1st Portuguese Meeting in Bioengineering (ENBENG), Lisbon, Bioengineering (ENBENG).</ref><ref name="Santos, F. A. 2012">Santos, F. A., A. E. Margotti, et al. (2012). Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) as a Tool to Support Health Technology Incorporation Process. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering. Beijing, China, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 39: 692–695.</ref>

=== Military===
* Military<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and M. S. Marques (2009). Procurement Decision Support for the Portuguese MoD: The MACBETH Approach and the Acquisition of 8x8 AWV. Decision Support Methodologies for Acquisition of Military Equipment, NATO Research and Technology Organisation, Brussels, Belgium (1–1, 1–14).</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and J. F. Thomaz (2000). Locating centres of information and recruitment of volunteers for the Portuguese Armed Forces: A decision-analysis case-study. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association, International Military Testing Association, Edinburgh.</ref><ref>Junior, A. G. M., T. J. M. Gon\ccalves, et al. (2011). "MACBETH Aplicado ao Cálculo da Pena Base do Direito Penal Militar." INGEPRO – Inovação, Gestão e Produção 3(1): 56–66.</ref><ref>Junior, H. V., K. H. Kienitz, et al. (2009). "Metodologia de Apoio a Decisão para os Processos de Seleção de Alvos e Armamentos." Spectrum – Revista do Comando-Geral de Operações Aéreas 12: 25–27.</ref>

=== Public sector===
* Conflict analysis and management<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. (2001). "The use of multicriteria decision analysis to support the search for less conflicting policy options in a multi-actor context: Case-study." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 10(2): 111–125.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., F. N. Silva, et al. (2001). "Conflict dissolution in the public sector: A case-study." European Journal of Operational Research 130(2): 388–401.</ref><ref>Bollinger, D. and J. Pictet (2003). "Potential Use of e-Democracy in MCDA Processes. Analysis on the Basis of a Swiss Case." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 12(2-3): 65–76.</ref><ref>Eklund, P., R. A., et al. (2008). "A consensus model of political decision-making." Annals of Operations Research 158(1): 5–20.</ref><ref>Roubens, M., A. Rusinowska, et al. (2006). "Using MACBETH to determine utilities of governments to parties in coalition formation." European Journal of Operational Research 172(2): 588–603.</ref><ref>Soguel, N. C. and F. Chatagny (2006). Analysing Municipalities Amalgamation and Collaboration through the Principle of Fiscal Equivalence and the Principal-Agent Model.</ref>
* Project prioritization & resource allocation<ref>Abtahi, M. S. (2012). The Effectiveness in Distance Education for Iranian Higher Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. North Cyprus, Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research (CY-ICER). 47: 1315–1319.</ref><ref>Cuadrado, M. R. and M. G. Fernández (2013). "Methodology to Select the Best Business Game in Higher Education." American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 3: 589–594.</ref>
* [[Social:Procurement|Procurement]]<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. (1999). "O modelo de apoio à avaliação de propostas nos concursos do Metro do Porto." FER XXI XVIII: 111, 113–115.</ref><ref name="Bana e Costa 2002">Bana e Costa, C. A. (2002). Issues in facilitating bid evaluation in public call for tenders. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Decision Making in Urban and Civil Engineering, London, SOAS.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and E. C. Corrêa (1999). Framing public calls for tenders through a multicriteria approach. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference of the Decision Sciences Institute, Athens, Athens University of Business and Economics.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and J. A. Ferreira (1994). Concursos de obras públicas: Metodologia de avaliação de propostas. Aplicação a uma grande empreitada de infraestruturas de transportes. Actas do Congresso 94, Engenharia Portuguesa na Viragem do Século. Lisbon, Ordem dos Engenheiros: 47-w/49.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. A. Ferreira, et al. (1995). "Avaliação multicritério de propostas: O caso de uma nova linha do Metropolitano de Lisboa." Revista de Transporte e Tecnologia VII(14): 31–65.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. C. Lourenço, et al. (2006). Building MACBETH value-function models for bid evaluation at the Portuguese electric transmission company (REN). Proceedings of the 19th Mini EURO Conference on Operational Research Models and Methods in the Energy Sector, INESC Coimbra.</ref><ref>Lourenço, J. C. (2002). Apoio à Avaliação de Propostas no Concurso Limitado por Prévia Qualificação para a Realização dos Projectos de Especialidades (ao nível de projecto de execução) para a Construção do Parque de Estacionamento Subterrâneo na Praça D. Dinis em Coimbra, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref><ref>Porto, J. L. (1999). "Analyse multicritère dans le cadre des appels d'offres pour la construction de travaux publics et prives: Le cas du métro de Porto au Portugal." Newsletter of the European Working Group `Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding' Serie II(15): 1–2.</ref>
* Project prioritization & resource allocation<ref name="Bana e Costa 1997"/><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., T. G. Fernandes, et al. (2006). "Prioritisation of public investments in social infrastructures using multicriteria value analysis and decision conferencing: a case study." International Transactions in Operational Research 13(4): 279–297.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and R. C. Oliveira (2002). "Assigning priorities for maintenance, repair and refurbishment in managing a municipal housing stock." European Journal of Operational Research 138(2): 380–391.</ref><ref name="Santos, F. A. 2012"/><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., R. C. Oliveira, et al. (1994). Concepção de um Sistema Multicritério de Definição de Prioridades de Intervenção/Conservação do Património Habitacional da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 2º ENCORE – Encontro sobre Conservação e Reabilitação de Edifícios, Comunicações LNEC, Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and J. C. Vansnick (1997). "Applications of the MACBETH approach in the framework of an additive aggregation model." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 6(2): 107–114.</ref><ref>C3E, Ed. (1995). Applying the Multi-criteria Method to the Evaluation of Structural Programmes. Brussels, European Commission, DG XVI/02.</ref><ref>C3E, Ed. (1995). Evaluation Pilote Multicritere du Hainaut. Brussels, European Commission, DG XVI/02.</ref><ref>Mateus, R., J. A. Ferreira, et al. (2008). "Multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA): Central Porto high-speed railway station." European Journal of Operational Research 187(1): 1–18.</ref><ref>Oliveira, M. D., T. C. Rodrigues, et al. (2011a). Prioritizing Health Care Interventions: A Multicriteria Resource Allocation Model to Inform the Choice of Community Care Programmes. 15º Congresso da Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional, Coimbra, INESC: 177–186.</ref><ref>Oliveira, M. D., T. C. Rodrigues, et al. (2011b). Prioritizing Health Care Interventions: A Multicriteria Resource Allocation Model to Inform the Choice of Community Care Programmes. 37th International Conference on Operational Research Applied to Health Services, Cardiff: 255–265.</ref><ref>Oliveira, M. D., T. C. Rodrigues, et al. (2012). Prioritizing Health Care Interventions: A Multicriteria Resource Allocation Model to Inform the Choice of Community Care Programmes. Advanced Decision Making Methods Applied to Health Care, Springer: 139–152.</ref><ref>Sanchez, C. e., J. Montmain, et al. (2009). Planning of maintenance operations for a motorway operator based upon multicriteria evaluations over a finite scale and sensitivity analyses. Informatics in control, automation and robotics. Selected papers from the international conference on informatics in control, automation and robotics (INCINO 2007), Angers, France, May 9–12, 2007, Berlin: Springer.</ref><ref>Vieira, V., C. S. Oliveira, et al. (2000). A Methodology to Evaluate the Strategic Importance of Bridges and Tunnels Considering Seismic Vulnerability: Application to Lisbon. EuroConference on Global Change and Catastrophe Risk Management: Earthquake Risks in Europe, Laxenburg, Austria, IIASA (10 p.).</ref>
* [[Social:Strategic planning|Strategic planning]] & development<ref name="Bana e Costa 1997"/><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., M. L. da Costa-Lobo, et al. (2002). Multicriteria approach for strategic town planning: The case of Barcelos. Aiding Decisions with Multiple Criteria. Essays in Honor of Bernard Roy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston: 429–456.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., M. T. Craveiro, et al. (2010). Avaliação Multicritério na Elaboração da Matriz Estratégica do Programa Local de Habitação de Lisboa. Proceedings do 54º IFHP World Congress, Porto Alegre, Brasil.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. C. Lourenço, et al. (2009). Concepção de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento a médio prazo para Pernambuco. Actas do 15º Congresso da APDR – Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional. Cabo Verde, APDR (1959–1681).</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., J. C. Lourenço, et al. (2013). "A social-technical approach for group decision support in public strategic planning: The Pernambuco PPA case." Group Decision and Negotiation 23(1): 5–29.</ref><ref>Neves, A. R., J. C. Louren\cco, et al. (2012). A Multi-criteria Approach to Local Energy Planning – The Case of Barreiro Municipality. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, SciTePress: 313–320.</ref><ref>Vindigni, G., E. Caniglia, et al. (2010). Supporting Small Producers in Mexico's Economic Integration Process. A Case Study on Rural Michoacan Based on an MCDA Approach. 119th EAAE Seminar `Sustainability in the Food Sector: Rethinking the Relationship between the Agro-Food System and the Natural, Social, Economic and Institutional Environments', Capri, Italy.</ref>

=== Others===
* Human resource management<ref>Bana e Costa, C. A., P. A. F. Martins, et al. (2010). Faculty evaluation using multicriteria value measurement. Advances in Mathematical and Computational Methods – 12th WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Science and Engineering (MACMESE '10). University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal, WSEAS Press.</ref><ref>Bana e Costa, C. A. and M. D. Oliveira (2011). "A Multicriteria Decision Analysis Model for Faculty Evaluation." Omega: The International Journal of Management Science 40(4): 424–436.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L., A. Dutra, et al. (2000). "MCDA: A constructivist approach to the management of human resources at a governmental agency." International Transactions in Operational Research 7(1): 79–100.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L. and S. Ensslin (1998). "Elaboração de um modelo construtivista para identificação de oportunidades de aperfeiçoamento de docentes do EPS-UFSC." Revista Produto & Produção 2(3): 143–149.</ref><ref>Ensslin, S. R., L. Ensslin, et al. (2013). "Improved decision aiding in human resource management: A case using constructivist multi-criteria decision aiding." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 62(7): 735–757.</ref><ref>Ensslin, L., G. N. Montibeller, et al. (2001). Apoio à Decisão: Metodologias para Estruturação de Problemas e Avaliação Multicritério de Alternativas. Florianópolis (SC), Editora Insular.</ref><ref>Filho, A. B., A. S. MarMarçal, et al. (2009). "A Novel Approach Based on Staff Scheduling Optimization in Information Technology Projects." International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 9(9): 277–286.</ref><ref>Gurbuz, T. (2010). "Multiple Criteria Human Performance Evaluation Using Choquet Integral." International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems 3(3): 290–300.</ref><ref>Leitão, M. A. L. S., J. F. Thomaz, et al. (2002). Multimethodology in practice: An application in the Portuguese army performance appraisal model. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association, IMTA. Ottawa, Canada: 511–527.</ref><ref>Leitão, M. A. L. S., J. F. Thomaz, et al. (2002). Using decision conferencing and process consultation to facilitate the structuring of a performance appraisal model in the Portuguese Army, CEG-IST, Technical University of Lisbon.</ref><ref>Thomaz, J. F. and C. A. Bana e Costa (2004). Decision conferencing within a multimethodological framework: Developing a performance appraisal model for the Portuguese Army officers. 46th Annual Conference of the International Military Testing Association (IMTA) & NATO's Research Task Group on Recruiting and Retention of Military Personnel, IMTA, Brussels, Belgium (13 p.).</ref>
* Job selection<ref name="Bana3" />
* Sports<ref>Brando, L. C., F. V. S. Andrade, et al. (2013). 2012 UEFA Euro efficiency evaluation based on market expectations, Leuven, Belgium, 4th International Conference on Mathematics in Sport.</ref>

== Decision support systems==

Several decision support systems implement the MACBETH approach:
* [[Software:Decision-making software|Decision-making software]] 
* M-MACBETH,<ref name="Bana4">Bana Consulting.  [http://www.m-macbeth.com/help/pdf/M-MACBETH%20User's%20Guide.pdf M-MACBETH Version 1.1:User's Guide]. 2005.</ref> 
* mini-MACBETH (within HIVIEW3)
* CA-MACBETH

==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==

* [http://web.ist.utl.pt/carlosbana/ Carlos António Bana e Costa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155044/http://www.solidus.ca/macbeth.html CA-MACBETH]
* [http://www.m-macbeth.com M-MACBETH]
* mini-MACBETH (within [http://www.catalyze.co.uk/index.php/software/hiview3/ HIVIEW3)]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique (MACBETH)}}
[[Category:Multiple-criteria decision analysis]]
[[Category:Sampling (statistics)]]
[[Category:Decision analysis]]
[[Category:Design of experiments]]
[[Category:Actuarial science]]
[[Category:Single-equation methods (econometrics)]]
[[Category:Regression models]]
[[Category:Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)]]
[[Category:Mathematical optimization]]
[[Category:Medical statistics]]
[[Category:Clinical trials]]
[[Category:Epidemiology]]

{{Sourceattribution|Measuring attractiveness by a categorical-based evaluation technique}}