View source for Medicine:Central retinal vein occlusion

{{Infobox medical condition (new) 
| name            = Central retinal vein occlusion 
| image           = Eye-diagram no circles border 1.svg 
| caption         = Diagram of the eye; retinal vein is number 21. 
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'''Central retinal vein occlusion''', also '''CRVO''', is when the central retinal vein becomes occluded, usually through [[Medicine:Thrombosis|thrombosis]]. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded.<ref>Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell Science 2005.{{page needed|date=May 2015}}</ref> Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the [[Biology:Retina|retina]], such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to [[Medicine:Ischemia|ischemia]] (restriction in blood supply) and [[Medicine:Macular edema|edema]] (swelling).<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70001-7 |pmid=8154523 |title=Incidence of Various Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion and Their Recurrence and Demographic Characteristics |journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=429–41 |year=1994 |last1=Hayreh |first1=Sohan Singh |last2=Zimmerman |first2=M. Bridget |last3=Podhajsky |first3=Patricia }}</ref>

CRVO can cause [[Medicine:Ocular ischemic syndrome|ocular ischemic syndrome]]. Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.<ref>{{EMedicine|article|1223746|Central Retinal Vein Occlusion}}</ref> CRVO can also cause [[Medicine:Glaucoma|glaucoma]].

==Diagnosis==
Despite the role of thrombosis in the development of CRVO, a systematic review found no increased prevalence of thrombophilia (an inherent propensity to thrombosis) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Romiti |first1=Giulio Francesco |last2=Corica |first2=Bernadette |last3=Borgi |first3=Marco |last4=Visioli |first4=Giacomo |last5=Pacella |first5=Elena |last6=Cangemi |first6=Roberto |last7=Proietti |first7=Marco |last8=Basili |first8=Stefania |last9=Raparelli |first9=Valeria |title=Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia in Adults with Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis |date=2020 |volume=Online first |issue=12 |pages=3249–3266 |doi=10.1111/jth.15068 |pmid=32805772|hdl=2434/809252 |s2cid=221163392 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

==Treatment==
Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like Lucentis or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually. Underlying conditions also require treatment. CRVO without [[Medicine:Ischemia|ischemia]] has better visual prognosis than ischemic CRVO.

A systematic review studied the effectiveness of the anti-VEGF drugs [[Chemistry:Ranibizumab|ranibizumab]] and [[Chemistry:Pegaptanib|pagatanib sodium]] for patients with non-ischemic CRVO.<ref name="Braithwaite">{{cite journal |vauthors=Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB |title= Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev|volume=5 |pages= CD007325 |date=2014 |issue= 5 |pmid= 24788977|doi= 10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub3 |pmc=4292843}}</ref> Though there was a limited sample size, participants in both treatment groups showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods, with no safety concerns.<ref name=Braithwaite/>

==See also==
* [[Medicine:Central retinal artery occlusion|Central retinal artery occlusion]]
* [[Medicine:Branch retinal artery occlusion|Branch retinal artery occlusion]]
* [[Medicine:Branch retinal vein occlusion|Branch retinal vein occlusion]]

*Eylea
*Iridodialysis
*Ischemic optic neuropathy

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
|   DiseasesDB     = 11421 
|   ICD10          = {{ICD10|H|34|8|h|30}}  
|   ICD9           = {{ICD9|362.35}} 
|   ICDO           = 
|   OMIM           = 
|   MedlinePlus    = 007330 
|   eMedicineSubj  = article 
|   eMedicineTopic = 798583 
|   MeshID         = D012170 
}}
{{Eye pathology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Retinal Vein Occlusion}}
[[Category:Disorders of choroid and retina]]

{{Sourceattribution|Central retinal vein occlusion}}