View source for Medicine:Zygote intrafallopian transfer

{{Short description|Embryos are laparoscopically transferred into fallopian tube}}
{{Infobox medical intervention |
  Name        = Zygote intrafallopian transfer |
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  ICD10       = |
  ICD9unlinked = |
  MeshID      = D017388 |
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'''Zygote intra fallopian transfer''' ('''ZIFT''') is an infertility treatment used when a blockage in the [[Medicine:Fallopian tube|fallopian tube]]s prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg. Egg cells are removed from a woman's ovaries, and [[Biology:In vitro fertilisation|in vitro fertilised]]. The resulting [[Biology:Zygote|zygote]] is placed into the [[Medicine:Fallopian tube|fallopian tube]] by the use of [[Medicine:Laparoscopy|laparoscopy]]. The procedure is a spin-off of the [[Medicine:Gamete intrafallopian transfer|gamete intrafallopian transfer]] (GIFT) procedure. The pregnancy and implantation rates in ZIFT cycles are 52.3 and 23.2% which were higher than what was observed in IVF cycles which were 17.5 and 9.7%.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Boldt|first1=J.|last2=Schnarr|first2=P.|last3=Ajamie|first3=A.|last4=Ketner|first4=J.|last5=Bonaventura|first5=L.|last6=Colver|first6=R.|last7=Reuter|first7=L.|last8=Jarrett|first8=J.|date=November 1996|title=Success rates following intracytoplasmic sperm injection are improved by using ZIFT vs IVF for embryo transfer|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8986589/|journal=Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics|volume=13|issue=10|pages=782–785|doi=10.1007/BF02066498|issn=1058-0468|pmid=8986589|s2cid=12930938}}</ref>

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==Procedure==
The average ZIFT cycle takes five weeks-six weeks to complete. First, the female must take a [[Medicine:Fertility medication|fertility medication]] clomiphene to [[Medicine:Ovulation induction|stimulate egg production]] in the ovaries. The doctor will monitor the growth of the ovarian follicles, and once they are mature, the woman will receive an injection containing [[Chemistry:Human chorionic gonadotropin|human chorionic gonadotropin]]s (HCG or hCG). The eggs will be harvested approximately 36 hours later, usually by transvaginal ovum retrieval. After fertilization in the laboratory, the resulting early embryos or zygotes are placed into the woman's fallopian tubes using a laparoscope.

==Indications==
ZIFT has been used in infertility situations where at least one of the fallopian tubes is normal and other treatments have failed; however, the need for two interventions and the fact that IVF results are equal or better (as of 2004), leaves few indications for this procedure. Accordingly, the number of ZIFTs performed has been declining.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Toner JP| title=Progress we can be proud of: U.S. trends in assisted reproduction over the first 20 years. |journal=Fertil. Steril. | pmid=12413976 |year=2002 |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=943–50 |doi=10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03769-x|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==References==
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{{Assisted reproductive technology}}
{{Reproductive health}}
{{Diseases of the pelvis and genitals}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer}}
[[Category:Fertility medicine]]

{{Sourceattribution|Zygote intrafallopian transfer}}