View source for Organization:Fisk University

{{short description|Historically black university in Nashville, Tennessee, US}}
{{Infobox university
| name                  = Fisk University
| image                  = WTN PeepHoles 022.JPG
| caption                = Cravath Hall
| motto                 = "Her sons and daughters are ever on the altar"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fiskmemorialchapel.com/Welcome/ |title=Welcome |access-date=28 June 2010 |publisher=Fisk Memorial Chapel |archive-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930184453/http://www.fiskmemorialchapel.com/Welcome |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| established           = {{start date and age|1866}}
| type                  = Private historically black liberal arts college
| academic_affiliations = UNCF<br />ORAU<br />CIC
| religious_affiliation = United Church of Christ (historically related)
| president             = Agenia Walker Clark<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsmv.com/video/2023/10/07/fisk-universitys-president-takes-office/|title=Fisk University's president takes office|date=October 7, 2023 }}</ref>
| students              = 1,055 (fall 2022)<ref name="fisk.edu">{{cite web | url=https://www.fisk.edu/university-news-and-publications/fisk-university-experiences-record-enrollment/ | title=Fisk University Experiences Record Enrollment | date=August 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827102238/https://www.fisk.edu/university-news-and-publications/fisk-university-experiences-record-enrollment/|archive-date=August 27, 2022}}</ref>
| faculty               = 70 full-time
| city                  = Nashville, Tennessee
| country               = U.S.
| coordinates           = {{Coord|36.1688|-86.8047|type:edu_region:US-TN|display=inline,title}}
| campus                = Urban, {{Convert|40|acres}}
| former_names          = The Fisk Freed Colored School (1866–1867)
| athletics_affiliations = NAIA – GCAC
| colors                = Gold and blue<br>{{color box|#f4ba13}}&nbsp;{{color box|#2a56df}}
| sports_nickname       = Bulldogs
| mascot                = The Fisk Bulldog
| website               = {{URL|www.fisk.edu}}
| logo                  = Fisk-University-Logo-2048-1536.gif
| logo_upright          = .9
|language=English
}}

'''Fisk University''' is a private historically black liberal arts college in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1866 and its {{convert|40|acre|ha|adj=on}} campus is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black institution to gain accreditation by the [[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]] (SACS). Fisk is the oldest institution for higher education in Nashville.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129910329|title=Fisk University Struggles Through Financial Crisis|newspaper=NPR.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uncf.org/member-colleges/fisk-university#:~:text=Founded%20in%201866%2C%20shortly%20after,higher%20learning%20in%20Nashville%2C%20TN.|title=Fisk University}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:GenCBFisk.jpg|right|thumb|University namesake Clinton B. Fisk]]

[[File:Extempo_club_of_Fisk_University,_Nashville,_Tenn_LCCN96509798.jpg|right|thumb|A class c. 1900]]

[[File:John Ogden, ND Superintendent of Public Instruction.jpg|thumb|John Ogden, co-founder of Fisk University]]

=== Founding ===
Fisk Free Colored School opened on January 9, 1866, during the Reconstruction era shortly after the end of the Civil War. It was founded by John Ogden, Erastus Milo Cravath, and Edward Parmelee Smith of the American Missionary Association for the education of freedmen in Nashville.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Scruggs|first=L.A. (Lawsen Andrew)|title=Women of distinction: remarkable in works and invincible in character|publisher=Raleigh: L. A. Scruggs|year=1893|location=North Carolina|pages=135}}</ref> Fisk was one of several schools and colleges that the Association helped found across the South to educate freed slaves. The school is named for Clinton B. Fisk, a Union general and assistant commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau of Tennessee. Fisk secured a site to house the school in a former military barracks near Union Station and provided $30,000 of government funds for its endowment.<ref name=":023">{{Cite web|last=Randal Rust|title=Fisk University|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/fisk-university/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Tennessee Encyclopedia|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Fisk University History|url=https://www.fisk.edu/about/history/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Fisk University|language=en-US}}</ref>

The American Missionary Association's work was supported by the Congregationalist church, which retains an affiliation with Fisk.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Fisk|url=http://www.fisk.edu/AboutFisk/HistoryOfFisk.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706013556/http://www.fisk.edu/AboutFisk/HistoryOfFisk.aspx|archive-date=6 July 2012|access-date=8 July 2012|publisher=Fisk University}}</ref> Fisk is the oldest higher education institution in Nashville.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fisk University|url=https://uncf.org/member-colleges/fisk-university|access-date=2020-06-20|website=UNCF|language=en}}</ref>

=== 19th century ===
Enrollment rose to 900 in the first several months following the school's opening, indicating the strong desire for education among local freedmen. Student ages ranged from seven to 70.<ref name=":023"/>

During the nation's Reconstruction era, the Tennessee General Assembly passed legislation to enable free public education, which caused a need to increase teacher training. In 1867 the Fisk Free Colored School was reorganized and incorporated as Fisk University to focus on higher education.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":023"/> James Dallas Burrus, John Houston Burrus, Virginia E. Walker, and America W. Robinson were the first students to enroll at the institution. In 1875, the two Burruses and Walker graduated from Fisk and became the first African-American students to graduate from a liberal arts college south of the Mason–Dixon line.<ref>Richardson, Joe M. "A negro success story: James Dallas Burrus". ''The Journal of Negro History'' 50, no. 4 (1965): 274–282.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Blacks and the American Missionary Association|url=https://www.ucc.org/about-us_hidden-histories_blacks-and-the-american|access-date=2020-06-20|website=United Church of Christ|language=en|archive-date=July 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731174826/https://www.ucc.org/about-us_hidden-histories_blacks-and-the-american|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Tennessee Constitution of 1870 was ratified with a provision, Article XI § 12, that prohibited public schools from enrolling both Black and White students.<ref name = desegregation/> In 1869, the University of Tennessee (then Eastern Tennessee University) had been designated a federal [[Organization:Land-grant university|land-grant university]], which meant that it was required to enroll all qualified citizens of the state, regardless of race or color. To get around the requirement of integration, ETU paid tuition for Black students with State Scholarships to enroll at Fisk University in 1881–83.<ref name = desegregation>{{cite web | url = https://volopedia.lib.utk.edu/entries/desegregation/ | date = September 25, 2018 | last = Hutton | first = Robert | title = Desegregation | website = University of Tennessee | access-date = October 1, 2023}}</ref> The contract was changed to [[Organization:Knoxville College|Knoxville College]] in 1884.

In 1870, Adam K. Spence became the school's principal. Spence developed plans to expand and move the school to a larger campus in north Nashville on a site that had been Fort Gillem, a Union army base.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rodney T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Nw2XHOGMh8C&q=fisk+university|title=Fisk University|date=2001|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-0677-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fisk University {{!}} The Cultural Landscape Foundation|url=https://tclf.org/fisk-university|access-date=2020-06-21|website=tclf.org}}</ref> To raise money for the school's initiatives, his wife Catherine Mackie Spence traveled throughout the United States to set up mission Sunday schools in support of Fisk students, organizing endowments through the American Missionary Association.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090306150204/http://www.fisk.edu/documents/library/SPENCE_FAMILY_COLLECTION-Bio.doc Biographical note: Adam Knight Spence], Spence Family Collection, Fisk University Library, accessed 3 Mar 2009. Link via the Internet Archive, accessed 15 August 2013.</ref> With a strong interest in religion and the arts, Adam Spence supported the founding of a student choir; they were the start of the Fisk Jubilee Singers.

With the school facing financial distress, the choir went on tour to raise funds in 1871, led by professor and university treasurer George L. White.<ref name=":023" /><ref name="Thanki">{{Cite web|last=Thanki|first=Juli|title=141 years later, Fisk Jubilee Singers return to England|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2015/05/21/years-later-fisk-jubilee-singers-return-england/27673883/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> They toured the U.S. and Europe and became a sensation, singing before Ulysses S. Grant, Mark Twain, Queen Victoria; popularizing spirituals written by Wallace Willis such as "Swing Low Sweet Chariot"; and changing racial stereotypes.<ref name="fisktehc3">Mitchell, Reavis L., Jr., [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=468 Fisk University], ''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2002, accessed 3 Mar 2009</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jubilee Singers: Sacrifice and Glory {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/singers/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=www.pbs.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Thanki"/> Their tour raised nearly $50,000 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=50000|start_year=1871}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) and funded construction of Jubilee Hall. (In W.E.B. Du Bois' book entitled "The Souls of Black Folk", this number is quoted at $150,000). It was the first building built for the education of freedmen in the South and is now a National Historic Landmark.<ref name="Fisk University22">[http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=468 "Fisk University"], ''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2002, accessed 3 Mar 2009. Quote: "When the American Missionary Association declined to assume the financial responsibility of the Jubilee Singers, Professor George L. White, Treasurer of the University, took the responsibility upon himself and started North in 1871 with his troupe. On April 12, 1873, the Jubilee Singers sailed for England where they sang before a fashionable audience in the presence of the Queen, who expressed her gratification at the performance."</ref>

Fisk co-founder Cravath returned in 1875 and became the institution's first president.<ref name=":4" /> He oversaw an active construction program and expansion of the school's curriculum offerings to include liberal arts, theology, and teacher training. By the turn of the 20th century, it had strengthened its reputation, built several campus buildings, added African-American teachers and staff, and enrolled a second generation of students.<ref name="Fisk University22"/><ref name=":4" />

=== 20th century ===
James Griswold Merrill served as acting president of Fisk from 1899 to 1901, then continued as the institution's president from 1901 to 1908.<ref name="robertwpresidents">{{cite web|title=Presidents of historically black colleges and universities 1837-2013|url=http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1016&context=hbcupres|website=Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center|access-date=December 8, 2017}}</ref> Fisk University's dedication to liberal arts education at the turn of the century distinguished it from many other black colleges and universities that emphasized [[Social:Vocational education|vocational training]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Fisk University {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/singers-fisk-university/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=www.pbs.org|language=en}}</ref> The school established a department of [[Social:Social science|social science]] in 1910, founded and directed by George E. Haynes. It was the first [[Social:Social work|social work]] training center for African-American graduate students and a model for those established at other institutions.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-10-02|title=Haynes, George Edmund (1880 – 1960)|url=https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/social-work/haynes-george-edmund/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=Social Welfare History Project|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Neverdon-Morton|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XT3BjiuKoUEC&q=fisk+university+%22model+school%22&pg=PA55|title=Afro-American Women of the South and the Advancement of the Race, 1895-1925|date=1989|publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press|isbn=978-0-87049-684-4|language=en}}</ref> The school was criticized by some at the time for fostering an elitist reputation.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Neverdon-Morton|first=Cynthia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XT3BjiuKoUEC&q=fisk+university+%22model+school%22&pg=PA55|title=Afro-American Women of the South and the Advancement of the Race, 1895-1925|date=1989|publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press|isbn=978-0-87049-684-4|language=en}}</ref>

From 1915 to 1925, Fayette Avery McKenzie was president of Fisk. McKenzie's tenure, before and after [[Social:World War I|World War I]], was during a turbulent period in American history. In spite of many challenges, McKenzie developed Fisk as the premier all-Black college or university in the United States, secured Fisk's academic recognition as a standard college by the Carnegie Foundation, [[Organization:Columbia University|Columbia University]] and the [[Organization:University of Chicago|University of Chicago]], raised a $1&nbsp;million endowment fund to ensure quality faculty, and laid a foundation for Fisk's accreditation and future success.<ref>Christopher L. Nicholson, ''To Advance a Race: A Historical Analysis of the Personal Belief, Industrial Philanthropy and Black Liberal Arts Higher Education in Fayette McKenzie's Presidency at Fisk University, 1915–1925'', Loyola University, Chicago, May 2011, p.299-301, 315–318.</ref> McKenzie was eventually forced to resign when his strict policies on dress code, extracurricular activities, and other aspects of student life led to student protests in 1924 and 1925.

Thomas Elsa Jones became the institution's fourth president in 1925. He sought to diversify Fisk's faculty and further build the school's reputation.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Lomotey|first=Kofi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dURVOtUlPKYC&q=fisk&pg=PA591|title=Encyclopedia of African American Education|date=2010|publisher=SAGE|isbn=978-1-4129-4050-4|language=en}}</ref> In 1930, Fisk became the first historically black college to gain accreditation by the [[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]]. It was also the first such institution approved by the Association of American Universities in 1933. Accreditations for specialized programs soon followed.

In 1946, Charles S. Johnson became Fisk's sixth president and first African-American president.<ref name=":4" /> Johnson was a premier sociologist, a scholar who had also been the editor of ''[[Social:Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life|Opportunity]]'' magazine, a noted periodical of the Harlem Renaissance. Johnson expanded the school's Institute of Race Relations, which was established in 1942. The institute conducted research and fostered discussion about racial disparity in the U.S. and would later help develop strategies for desegregation in schools, employment, and the military.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Race Relations Institute of Fisk University|url=https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/Initiatives/OneAmerica/Practices/pp_19980803.17187.html|access-date=2020-06-21|website=clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Knight|first=Meribah|title=Looking To Reignite Its Influence, Fisk University Revives Its Social Justice Program|url=https://www.wkyufm.org/post/looking-reignite-its-influence-fisk-university-revives-its-social-justice-program|access-date=2020-06-21|website=www.wkyufm.org|date=November 3, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> In 1949, Fisk received the Stieglitz Collection of modern art from photographer and arts patron Alfred Stieglitz.

In 1952, Fisk was the first predominantly black college to earn a Phi Beta Kappa charter.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1953-04-06|title=Phi Beta Kappa at Fisk|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1953/04/06/archives/phi-beta-kappa-at-fisk.html|access-date=2020-06-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Organized as the Delta of Tennessee Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa National Honor Society that December, the chapter inducted its first student members on April 4, 1953. Established in 1776, Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest and most prestigious academic honor society in the U.S.

In 1960, Fisk students joined other black leaders in the Nashville sit-ins, nonviolent protests against segregation at lunch counters in the city during the civil rights movement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bliss|first=Jessica|title=60 years ago, they sat down at Nashville lunch counters — and sparked a movement against segregation|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2020/02/13/nashville-lunch-counter-sit-ins-60th-anniversary/4729614002/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Biography:Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]], spoke at the institution in May 1960 in response to civil rights movement in the city.<ref>{{Cite news|date=April 21, 1960|title=King urges sit-ins continue; bomb scare clears Fisk gym|work=Nashville Banner|url=https://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15138coll18/id/974/|access-date=June 21, 2020}}</ref> Fisk students John Lewis and Diane Nash  were leaders during the protests, which led to Nashville becoming the first major city in the South to desegregate lunch counters.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Complete Coverage: The civil rights movement in Nashville|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2017/03/02/complete-coverage-civil-rights-movement-nashville/98648442/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> The two became early leaders of the national Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

On April 8, 1967, a riot occurred near the Fisk and [[Organization:Tennessee State University|Tennessee State University]] campuses after Stokely Carmichael spoke at [[Organization:Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University]].<ref name="frizzellnotjustamatter2">{{cite journal|last1=Frizzell|first1=Scott|date=Spring 2011|title=Not Just a Matter of Black and White: The Nashville Riot of 1967|journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly|volume=70|issue=1|pages=26–51|jstor=42628733}}</ref> Although it was viewed as a "race riot", it had classist characteristics.<ref name="frizzellnotjustamatter2" /> Protestors marched from Fisk to the Nashville courthouse to protest police brutality during the riots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nashville Then: 1967 Civil Rights Movement in Nashville|url=https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/news/2014/02/24/nashville-then-1967-civil-rights-movement-in-nashville/5785367/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=www.tennessean.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 1978 Fisk's campus was recognized as a National Historic Landmark.<ref name=":32"/> The campus underwent significant restoration in the 1990s through assistance from a U.S. Congressional Grant.<ref name=":4" />

=== 21st century ===
From 2004 to 2013, Fisk was directed by its 14th president, Hazel O'Leary, former Secretary of Energy under President Bill Clinton. She was the second woman to serve as president of Fisk. On June 25, 2008, Fisk announced that it had successfully raised $4&nbsp;million (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=4000000|start_year=2008}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) during the fiscal year ending June 30. It ended nine years of budget deficits and qualified for a Mellon Foundation challenge grant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Institutional Support : Fisk University {{!}} The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation|url=https://mellon.org/grants/grants-database/grants/fisk-university/40700767/|access-date=2019-02-05|website=mellon.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Institutional Support : Fisk University {{!}} The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation|url=https://mellon.org/grants/grants-database/grants/fisk-university/40700766/|access-date=2019-02-05|website=mellon.org}}</ref> However, Fisk still faced significant financial hardship, and said that it may need to close its doors unless its finances improved.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129910329 "Fisk University Struggles Through Financial Crisis"], NPR, September 16, 2010</ref>

H. James Williams served as president from February 2013 to September 2015. Williams had been dean of the Seidman College of Business at [[Organization:Grand Valley State University|Grand Valley State University]] in Michigan, and previously an accounting professor at Georgetown University, Florida A&M, and [[Organization:Texas Southern University|Texas Southern University]].<ref name="AboutFisk2">[http://www.fisk.edu/AboutFisk/President.aspx "President"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829041845/http://www.fisk.edu/AboutFisk/President.aspx|date=2013-08-29}}, Fisk University webpage. Retrieved 2013-07-29</ref><ref>Phillips, Betsy, [http://www.nashvillescene.com/pitw/archives/2012/12/07/h-james-williams-named-new-president-of-fisk-university "H. James Williams Named New President of Fisk University"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005130023/http://www.nashvillescene.com/pitw/archives/2012/12/07/h-james-williams-named-new-president-of-fisk-university |date=October 5, 2015 }}, ''Nashville Scene'', December 7, 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-29.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tamburin|first=Adam|date=September 21, 2015|title=Fisk University president resigns|url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2015/09/21/fisk-university-president-resigns/72567464/|access-date=2015-10-05|website=The Tennessean}}</ref> Williams was succeeded by interim president Frank Sims.<ref>[https://www.fisk.edu/articles/interim-president] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505065900/https://www.fisk.edu/articles/interim-president|date=May 5, 2018}}, Fisk University, May 14, 2017</ref> In March 2017 the Fisk board of trustees announced that Kevin Rome would be Fisk university's seventeenth president.<ref name="FU012">[http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2017/03/23/fisk-university-names-kevin-rome-new-president/99538926/ "President"], Fisk University webpage. Retrieved 2017-05-14</ref>

In June 2017, a service in memory of 1892 lynching victim Ephraim Grizzard was held in the Fisk Memorial Chapel. A plaque memorializing Grizzard and two other lynching victims—his brother Henry and Samuel Smith—was installed at St. Anselm's Episcopal church in Nashville.<ref name="tennesseannashvillesepiscopalchurch2">{{cite news|last1=Scheu|first1=Katherine|date=June 7, 2017|title=Nashville's Episcopal Church remembers 1892 lynchings in city|work=The Tennessean|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2017/06/07/nashvilles-episcopal-church-remembers-1892-lynchings-city/374901001/|access-date=April 26, 2018}}</ref>

In 2018 the [[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]] placed the institution on probation. The accreditor cited failings related to financial responsibility, control of research funds, and federal and state responsibility.<ref name="SACS_2018_probation2">{{cite web|last=Lederman|first=Doug|date=June 25, 2018|title=Southern Accreditor Places 4 Institutions on Probation|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2018/06/25/southern-accreditor-places-4-institutions-probation|access-date=June 28, 2018|website=Inside Higher Ed}}</ref> Fisk announced a fundraising record and increased enrollment the following year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gonzales|first=Jason|title=Fisk University sees record fundraising in 2018-19 school year, continued enrollment gains|url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/education/2019/09/30/fisk-university-record-fundraising-donations-2018-2019/3774077002/|access-date=2020-06-21|website=The Tennessean|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, Fisk was taken off probation and maintained its accreditation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wpln.org/post/after-three-years-of-growth-fisk-university-is-no-longer-on-probation-with-its-accrediting-body/|title = Fisk University is No Longer on Probation Following Three Years of Growth|date = September 3, 2020}}</ref>

==Campus==
{{Infobox NRHP
| name            = Fisk University Historic District
| nrhp_type       = hd
| nocat           = yes
| image           = 
| caption         = 
| location        = Roughly bounded by 16th and 18th Aves., Hermosa, Herman and Jefferson Sts.<br />Nashville, Tennessee
| nearest_city    = 
| area            = 
| built           = 
| architect       = 
| architecture    = Italianate; Queen Anne
| added           = February 9, 1978
| visitation_num  = 
| visitation_year = 
| refnum          = 78002579
| mpsub           = 
}}

Fisk's 40-acre campus was dedicated in 1876. It sits on a small hill approximately two miles northwest of downtown that was previously Fort Gillem, a Union fort during the Civil War.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-09|title=Fort Gillem|url=https://battleofnashville.com/fort-gillem/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Battle of Nashville & Beyond|language=en-US}}</ref> The campus lies on Jefferson Street, a historic center of Nashville's African-American community.

The Fisk University Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Notable campus buildings that contribute to the historic district include:

* The Carl Van Vechten Gallery was built in 1888. It served as the school's gymnasium before becoming an art gallery. The building houses Fisk's renowned Stieglitz Collection of modern art. It is named for photographer Carl Van Vechten.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Fisk 2018/2020 Undergraduate Bulletin|url=https://www.fisk.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/university-bulletinmay2018-2020.pdf|access-date=June 20, 2020|website=Fisk University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Randal Rust|title=Van Vechten Gallery of Fisk University|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/van-vechten-gallery-of-fisk-university/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Tennessee Encyclopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Carnegie Hall was originally built as a library in 1908. It is the first major building by Moses McKissack III, co-founder of the first African-American owned architecture firm in the United States.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Places|first=National Register of Historic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wjZIkchWX5AC|title=African American Historic Places|date=1994-10-01|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-14345-1|language=en}}</ref>
* Cravath Hall, named for the institution's first president Erastus Milo Cravath and completed in 1930, is an eight-story building originally used as a library. It was designed by Henry Hibbs. The building features a series of murals by painter Aaron Douglas, which he described as a "panorama of the development of Black people in this hemisphere, in the new world."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stop-Loss: Restoring the Aaron Douglas Murals at Fisk University {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum|url=https://americanart.si.edu/blog/eye-level/2008/14/1070/stop-loss-restoring-aaron-douglas-murals-fisk-university|access-date=2020-06-20|website=americanart.si.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> The murals have been described as the most ambitious works of his career.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Douglas|first1=Aaron|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_6l5t-fgJYC&q=panorama+of+the+development+of+Black+people+in+this+hemisphere%2C+in+the+new+world&pg=PA116|title=Aaron Douglas: African American Modernist|last2=Ater|first2=Renée|date=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-13592-3|language=en}}</ref> The building now houses administrative offices.
* Fisk Memorial Chapel was built in 1892 in the Victorian style. At the time it was the largest building for African Americans to gather in the country.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=October 2008|title=Fisk University Master Plan|url=https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/Planning/docs/urban/Institutional%20Overlays/fisk.pdf|access-date=June 19, 2020|website=Metro Government of Nashville and Davidson County|archive-date=February 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201000522/https://www.nashville.gov/Portals/0/SiteContent/Planning/docs/urban/Institutional%20Overlays/fisk.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>  The chapel hosts campus functions and public events such as concerts, lectures, and graduations. The building was restored and rededicated in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapel History|url=https://www.fisk.edu/campus-life/get-involved/fisk-memorial-chapel/chapel-history/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Fisk University|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Jubilee Hall, completed in 1876, is the oldest permanent building for the higher education of African Americans in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hatch|first1=Stephen D|title=Fisk University, Jubilee Hall, Seventeenth Avenue, North, Nashville, Davidson County, TN|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/hhh.tn0017.photos/?sp=18|access-date=19 June 2020|website=Library of Congress|publisher=Historic American Buildings Survey}}</ref> It is named for the Fisk Jubilee Singers who toured the country to raise funds for its construction. The six-story, L-shaped building is noted for its Victorian Gothic architecture.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Randal Rust|title=Jubilee Hall at Fisk University|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/jubilee-hall-at-fisk-university/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=Tennessee Encyclopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Talley Brady Hall, built in 1931, is the first modern chemistry building at a historically black college or university. It is named for Thomas E. Talley and St. Elmo Brady, two notable African American chemists and faculty members.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Elmo Brady|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/st-elmo-brady.html|access-date=2020-06-20|website=American Chemical Society|language=en}}</ref>

Additional campus buildings listed on the register include Little Theater, Harris Music Building, numerous residential structures, and a limestone wall built around 1873.<ref name=":02" />

In the 1930s, Fisk hired the Olmsted Brothers firm to lead a master design of its campus at this time, resulting in the Beaux-Arts landscape.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fisk University {{!}} The Cultural Landscape Foundation|url=https://tclf.org/fisk-university|access-date=2020-06-20|website=tclf.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lawliss|first1=Lucy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=110lAQAAMAAJ&q=fisk+university+olmsted&pg=PA130|title=The Master List of Design Projects of the Olmsted Firm, 1857-1979|last2=Loughlin|first2=Caroline|last3=Meier|first3=Lauren|date=2008|publisher=National Association for Olmsted Parks|isbn=9780615155432|language=en}}</ref><gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Students and teachers in training school of Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee LCCN94513863.tif|Students and teachers in training school (between 1890 and 1906)
File:Fisk uni theo hall.jpg|Theological Hall (later Bennett Hall). The building was demolished.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rodney T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Nw2XHOGMh8C&q=when+was+fisk+university+bennett+hall+demolished%3F&pg=PA16|title=Fisk University|date=2001|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-0677-7|language=en}}</ref> 
File:West side and south front - Fisk University, Jubilee Hall, Seventeenth Avenue, North, Nashville, Davidson County, TN HABS TENN,19-NASH,7A-3.tif|Jubilee Hall
File:WTN MexicanVillains 015.JPG|Fisk Memorial Chapel
File:Cravath Hall (Fisk University).jpg|Cravath Hall
File:Cravath Hall interior.jpg|Interior of Cravath Hall
File:Fisk University Carnegie Library.jpg|Carnegie Hall
</gallery>

==Music, art, and literature collections==
[[File:WTN EVula 187.jpg|thumb|Jubilee Hall]]

=== Library collections ===
Fisk is the home of a music literature collection founded by the noted Harlem Renaissance figure Carl Van Vechten, for whom the campus museum is named.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5sXAQAAMAAJ&q=fisk+university+george+gershwin+collection&pg=PA86|title=Opportunity|date=1944|publisher=National Urban League|language=en}}</ref> It also holds a substantial collection of materials associated with Charles W. Chestnutt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chesnuttarchive.org/siteinfo.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501210828/http://www.chesnuttarchive.org/siteinfo.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 1, 2006|title=Contemporary Reviews|website=www.chesnuttarchive.org|access-date=2016-04-18}}</ref>

=== Aaron Douglas murals ===
Harlem Renaissance painter Aaron Douglas was commissioned to paint murals for the new campus library, Cravath Hall, in 1930. Douglas described them a "panorama of the development of Black people in this hemisphere, in the new world." Douglas returned to Fisk in 1939 to teach and later served as chair of the art department. The murals were restored in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Artist Info|url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.38654.html|access-date=2020-06-21|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Stop-Loss: Restoring the Aaron Douglas Murals at Fisk University {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum|url=https://americanart.si.edu/blog/eye-level/2008/14/1070/stop-loss-restoring-aaron-douglas-murals-fisk-university|access-date=2020-06-21|website=americanart.si.edu|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Alfred Stieglitz collection===
In 1949, Georgia O'Keeffe, wife and executrix of her late husband's estate, in accordance with the terms of his will, donated to Fisk a number of paintings that had belonged to her husband, the photographer and art patron Alfred Stieglitz. The collection consists of 101 works by important artists, including European modernists Paul Cézanne, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Pablo Picasso and Diego Rivera, as well as American artists Marsden Hartley, Arthur Dove and Charles Demuth and works by O'Keeffe.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.tennessean.com/story/life/arts/2016/04/09/alfred-stieglitz-collection-returns-fisk-university/82628806/|title=Alfred Stieglitz Collection returns to Fisk University|website=The Tennessean|access-date=2016-04-18}}</ref>

In 2005, mounting financial difficulties and deteriorating conditions in the gallery led the trustees to vote to sell two of the paintings, O'Keeffe's "Radiator Building" and Hartley's "Painting No. 3," together estimated to be worth up to $45 million U.S. The sale was challenged by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, the legal guardians of her estate. This challenge failed.  A joint agreement was established between Fisk University and the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/28/fisk.art.collection.ap/index.html|title=Search for cash turns into battle over art for Fisk University|publisher=CNN|work=CNN.com|date=2007-12-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229225650/http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/28/fisk.art.collection.ap/index.html|archive-date=2007-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/03/legal-battle-over-fisk-university-art-collection-ends/|title=Legal Battle Over Fisk University Art Collection Ends|access-date=5 August 2012|author=Pogrebin, Robin|date=3 August 2012|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|author-link=Robin Pogrebin}}</ref><ref>Rosenbaum, Lee (CultureGrrl), [http://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2012/08/court_order_sends_fisks_stiegl.html "News Flash: Court Order to Send Fisk's Stieglitz Collection to Crystal Bridges in Fall 2013"], ''Arts Journal'' blog, August 2, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tennessean.com/article/20120804/NEWS04/308040056/Fisk-seals-deal-share-art?nclick_check=1|title=Fisk finalizes deal to sell half-stake of Alfred Stieglitz collection in end to long fight, half-stake sold to Arkansas museum|access-date=5 August 2012|author= Allyn, Bobby|date=4 August 2012|work=The Tennessean}}</ref> The two museums now share the works' presentation and display rights of the Stieglitz collection; ownership remains with Fisk University, in accord with the terms of Stieglitz's estate. Presentation and display rights rotate between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges Museum every two years. In 2016, as part of the institution's sesquicentennial celebration, the collection was displayed at the newly renovated Carl Van Vechten Gallery.<ref name=":0" />

==Science programs==
Fisk University has a strong record of academic excellence: it has graduated more African Americans who go on to earn PhDs in the natural sciences than any other institution.<ref>[http://www.nashville.gov/mc/resolutions/term_2007_2011/rs2008_188.html RESOLUTION NO. RS2008-188: A resolution to recognize and declare Fisk University Day in Nashville, Tennessee on March 19, 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323123511/http://www.nashville.gov/mc/resolutions/term_2007_2011/rs2008_188.html |date=March 23, 2008 }}, Nashville Metropolitan Council, accessed 3 Mar 2009</ref>

=== Fisk-Vanderbilt Bridge Program ===
Started in 2004,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Building-a-Better-Bridge-/236529|title=Building a Better 'Bridge' to the Ph.D.|last=Patel|first=Vimal|date=2016-05-19|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=2016-05-22}}</ref> the Fisk-Vanderbilt bridge program helps underrepresented groups gain access to PhD programs in [[Engineering:Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] fields. The partnership between a small, historically black college and a major research university aims to diversify doctoral study.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stassun|first=Keivan G.|display-authors=0|date=December 2010|title=The Fisk-Vanderbilt Master's-to-Ph.D. Bridge Program: Recognizing, enlisting, and cultivating unrealized or unrecognized potential in underrepresented minority students|journal=American Journal of Physics|volume=79|issue=4|pages=374–379|doi=10.1119/1.3546069|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4937&context=faculty_scholarship }}</ref> The program, which has received money from [[Organization:NASA|NASA]], the [[Organization:National Science Foundation|National Science Foundation]], and the Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fisk-vanderbilt-bridge.org/program/description/|title=About the Bridge Program|date=2014-09-12|website=Fisk-Vanderbilt Bridge Program|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-22|archive-date=May 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508081942/http://fisk-vanderbilt-bridge.org/program/description/|url-status=dead}}</ref> provides a scholarship for a master's degree at Fisk University and close mentorship for students who go on to a PhD<ref name=":1" /> Since 2004, 21 students in the program have completed a PhD, with another 56 currently pursuing graduate study.<ref name=":1" /> The program has a success rate far higher than the national average for completion of PhD programs, which is about 50%.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chronicle.com/article/PhD-Attrition-How-Much-Is/140045/|title=Ph.D. Attrition: How Much Is Too Much?|last=Cassuto|first=Leonard|date=2013-07-01|newspaper=The Chronicle of Higher Education|issn=0009-5982|access-date=2016-05-22}}</ref>

==Rankings==
{{Infobox US university ranking
| Forbes   = 642
| THE_WSJ  = 
| USNWR_LA = 171–221
| Wamo_LA  = 199
}}

* For 2021, ''U.S. News & World Report'' ranked Fisk University tenth among 79 historically black colleges and universities in the U.S., tied for 29th for "Most Innovative Schools", tied for 126th for "Top Performers on Social Mobility" and 171–221 overall among national liberal arts colleges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/fisk-3490/overall-rankings |title=Fisk University |magazine=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref>
* For 2020, ''Washington Monthly'' ranked Fisk 199th among 218 liberal arts colleges in the U.S. based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://washingtonmonthly.com/2020college-guide/liberalarts |title=2020 Liberal Arts Rankings |magazine=Washington Monthly |date=August 28, 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02}}</ref> 
* ''{{wipe|Forbes}}'' ranks Fisk 642nd on its 2019 "America's Top Colleges" list of 650 colleges, universities, and service academies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/fisk-university/ |title=Fisk University |magazine=Forbes |access-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>

==Athletics==
The Fisk athletic teams are called the Bulldogs. The institution is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA),<ref>[http://www.naia.org/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=27900&ATCLID=205322922 NAIA Member Schools], NAIA webpage. Retrieved 2013-08-28.</ref> primarily competing in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference (GCAC) since the 2021–22 academic year; which they were a member on a previous stint from 2010–11 to 2013–14.<ref>[http://www.gcaconf.com/members.php#1765 GCAC Members] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203064848/http://www.gcaconf.com/members.php#1765 |date=February 3, 2022 }}, GCAC webpage. Retrieved 2013-08-28.</ref> The Bulldogs previously competed as an NAIA Independent within the Association of Independent Institutions (AII) from 2014–15 to 2020–21 (which they were a member on a previous stint from 2008–09 to 2009–10); in the defunct Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) of the NCAA Division III ranks from 1999–2000 to 2005–06; in the D-III Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference (SCAC) from 1983–84 to 1993–94; and in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) from 1913–14 to 1982–83, which is currently a NCAA Division II athletic conference.

Fisk competes in 14 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer and track and field (indoor and outdoor); while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, tennis, track and field (indoor and outdoor) and volleyball. Fisk is the first HBCU to add a competitive women's gymnastics team.<ref name="fisk.edu" /> Club sports include cheerleading and dance.

==Notable alumni==


==Notable faculty==
{{FacultyStart}}
{{Faculty|name=Camille Akeju|dept=Art|nota=Art historian and museum administrator|ref=<ref name=Bass>{{cite journal|last=Bass|first=Holly|title=Camille Akeju: New Director Seeks to Rejuvenate Anacostia Museum|journal=Crisis|date=March–April 2006|pages=37–39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIEAAAAMBAJ&q=Anacostia+Museum&pg=PA37|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Ebenezer Ako-Adjei|dept=African studies |nota=Ghanaian politician and founding member of the United Gold Coast Convention|ref=}}
{{Faculty|name=Arna Bontemps|dept=Librarian|nota=Head librarian and Harlem Renaissance poet|ref=<ref>{{cite web |last1=Academy of American Poets |title=About Arna Bontemps |url=https://poets.org/poet/arna-bontemps |website=poets.org |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Miriam Eliza Carey|dept=Librarian|nota=teacher}}
{{Faculty|name=Minnie Lou Crosthwaite|year= |nota=teacher, college administrator, activist|ref=}}
{{Faculty|name=Aaron Douglas|dept=Art|nota=Harlem Renaissance painter, illustrator, and muralist|ref=<ref>{{cite news |title=Aaron Douglas, Painter, at 79; Founded Fisk Art Department |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/22/archives/aaron-douglas-painter-at-79-founded-fisk-art-department-perspective.html |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=22 February 1979}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=[[Biography:Nelson Fuson|Nelson Fuson]]|dept=Physics|nota=Physics professor, Quaker activist|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary of Nelson Fuson |url=https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/Online/18032/Obituary-of-Nelson-Fuson|website=Physics Today}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Robert Hayden|dept=|nota=United States Poet Laureate (1976–1978)|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Hayden |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/n79046298/robert-hayden/ |website=Library of Congress}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Charles Spurgeon Johnson|dept=President, Research|nota=First African-American president of Fisk University|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles S. Johnson (1893-1956) |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/n50038921/charles-s-johnson-1893-1956/ |website=Library of Congress}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=James Weldon Johnson|dept=Literature|nota=Author, poet, and civil rights activist; wrote the poem on which the song "Lift Ev'ry Voice and Sing" is based (also known as the Black national anthem) |ref=<ref>{{cite news |title=Couple trying to save James Weldon Johnson cabin |url=http://richmondfreepress.com/news/2019/jul/12/couple-trying-save-james-weldon-johnson-cabin/ |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=richmondfreepress.com}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Thomas Elsa Jones|dept=President|nota=Fifth president of Fisk University|ref=<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Thomas E. Jones, Earlham Ex-Head, 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/06/archives/dr-thomas-e-jones-earlham-exhead-85.html |work=The New York Times |date=6 August 1973}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=[[Biography:Percy Lavon Julian|Percy Lavon Julian]]|dept=Chemistry|nota=[[Chemist]] and second African-American member of the National Academy of Sciences|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Percy Lavon Julian |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/julian.html |website=American Chemical Society |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Anne Gamble Kennedy|dept=Music|nota=Concert pianist, piano professor, and accompanist for the Fisk Jubilee Singers|ref=}}
{{Faculty|name=Matthew Kennedy|dept=Music|nota=Concert pianist, piano professor, and director of the Fisk Jubilee Singers (1957–1986 intermittently)|ref=<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cass |first1=Michael |title=Matthew Kennedy, who led Fisk Jubilee Singers, dies |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2014/06/06/matthew-kennedy-led-fisk-jubilee-singers-dies/10050403/ |access-date=19 June 2020 |work=The Tennessean}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=John Oliver Killens|dept=Writer in Residence|nota=Two-time Pulitzer Prize nominee|ref=<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fraser |first1=C. Gerald |title=John Oliver Killens, 71, Author And Founder of Writers' Group |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/30/obituaries/john-oliver-killens-71-author-and-founder-of-writers-group.html |work=The New York Times |date=30 October 1987}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Lee Lorch|dept=Mathematics|nota=[[Biography:Mathematician|Mathematician]] and civil rights activist. Fired in 1955 for refusing to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee.|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Lee Alexander Lorch |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Lorch/ |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Hazel R. O'Leary|dept=President|nota=First woman and first African-American U.S. Secretary of Energy; fourteenth president of Fisk University|ref=<ref>{{cite news |title=Fisk's O'Leary to step down |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/business/article/20462909/fisks-oleary-to-step-down |work=Nashville Post |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Helen Clarissa Morgan|dept=Latin|nota=First woman to be appointed professor of [[Social:Latin|Latin]] (1869–1907) at a coeducational college|ref=<ref>{{cite book |last1=Teaching |first1=Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of |title=Annual Report |date=1913 |publisher=The Foundation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ymk0AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA132 |access-date=19 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Robert E. Park|dept=Sociology|nota=[[Social:Sociologist|Sociologist]] of the [[Social:Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago School]]|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert E. Park |url=https://www.asanet.org/robert-e-park |website=American Sociological Association |access-date=19 June 2020 |language=en |date=16 June 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=Jessie Carney Smith|dept=Librarian|nota=Head librarian and scholar|ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fisk.edu/featured/longtime-fisk-university-librarian-and-dean-jessie-carney-smith-retires/|title=Longtime Fisk University librarian and dean Jessie Carney Smith retires|website=Fisk University news|date=July 21, 2020|publisher=Fisk University|access-date=April 9, 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Faculty|name=John W. Work III|dept=Music|nota=Choir director, ethnomusicologist, and scholar of Afro-American folk music|ref=<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Stephanie |title=John Wesley Work III: Documenting Musical Change {{!}} Folklife Today |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/folklife/2014/02/john-wesley-work-iii-documenting-musical-change/ |website=blogs.loc.gov |access-date=19 June 2020 |date=26 February 2014}}</ref>}}
{{FacultyEnd}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

*  Cogen, Rodney T. ''Fisk University'' (Arcadia, 2001) {{ISBN|073850677X}}  [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8Nw2XHOGMh8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA23&dq=Fisk+University&ots=QBPo4vT-sT&sig=bVKiT0CRm4I6wOGi4AADbF9sHMQ online]
* Davis, Thomas E. "A Study of Fisk University Freshmen from 1928 to 1930." ''Journal of Negro Education'' 2#4 (1933), pp.&nbsp;477–83. [https://doi.org/10.2307/2292057 online]
* Gasman, Marybeth. "Scylla and Charybdis: Navigating the Waters of Academic Freedom at Fisk University during Charles S. Johnson's Administration (1946-1956)." ''American Educational Research Journal'' 36#4 (1999), pp.&nbsp;739–58. [https://doi.org/10.2307/1163519 online]
* Gasman, Marybeth, and Edward Epstein. "Modern Art in the Old South: The Role of the Arts in Fisk University's Campus Curriculum." ''Educational Researcher'' 31#2 (2002), pp.&nbsp;13–20. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3594326 online]
* Gilpin, Patrick J. "Charles S. Johnson and the Race Relations Institutes at Fisk University." ''Phylon'' 41#3 (1980), pp.&nbsp;300–11. [https://doi.org/10.2307/274793 online]
* Lamon, Lester C. "The Black Community in Nashville and the Fisk University Student Strike of 1924-1925." ''Journal of Southern History'' 49#2 pp.&nbsp;225–44. [https://doi.org/10.2307/2206893 online]
* McDaniel, Dennis K. "John Ogden, Abolitionist and Leader in Southern Education" ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 87#6 (1997), pp.&nbsp;1–138 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1006637 online]
* Martin, Robert Sidney, and Orvin Lee Shiflett. "Hampton, Fisk, and Atlanta: The Foundations, the American Library Association, and Library Education for Blacks, 1925-1941." ''Libraries & Culture'' 31#2 (1996), pp.&nbsp;299–325. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25548438 online]
* Richardson, Joe M. ''A History of Fisk University, 1865-1946'' (1980). {{ISBN|0817300155}}
* Richardson, Joe M. "Fisk University: The First Critical Years." ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' 29#1 (1970), pp.&nbsp;24–41. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/42623127 online]
* Sanders, Katrina M. '' "Intelligent and Effective Direction": The Fisk University Race Relations Institute and the Struggle for Civil Rights, 1944-1969'' (2005)
* Taylor, Alrutheus A. "Fisk University and the Nashville community, 1866-1900." ''Journal of Negro History'' 39.2 (1954): 111–126. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2715754 online]

==External links==
* [http://www.fiskathletics.com Official athletics website]

{{Private colleges and universities in Tennessee}}
{{HBCU}}
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[[Category:Private universities and colleges in Tennessee]]

{{Sourceattribution|Fisk University}}