View source for Organization:Georgia Tech Research Institute

{{Infobox company
| name             = Georgia Tech Research Institute
| logo             = [[File:GTRI Logo 2011.png|center|300px|GTRI logo|alt=The words "Georgia Tech" in black to the left of a stylized campanile, and the words "Research Institute" in outline to the right of the stylized campanile.]]
| type             = Nonprofit<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osp.gatech.edu/profile/|title=Institutional Profile|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology Office of Sponsored Programs|accessdate=2012-05-09}}</ref>
| predecessor      = 
| successor        = 
| founder          = W. Harry Vaughan
| defunct          = 
| fate             = 
| area_served      = 
| key_people       = Lora Weiss<br/><small>Director (Interim), GTRI </small><br/>Stephen E. Cross<br/><small>Executive VP for Research, Georgia Tech<ref>{{cite news|first=Chelsea|last=Paxton|url=http://www.nique.net/issues/2003-06-13/news/4|title=GTRI names Cross as new director|work=The Technique|date=2003-06-13|accessdate=2007-04-04 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070903150254/http://www.nique.net/issues/2003-06-13/news/4|archivedate = 2007-09-03}}</ref></small><br/>G. P. "Bud" Peterson<br/><small>President, Georgia Tech</small>
| industry         = [[Research and development]]<br />[[Engineering:Engineering|Engineering]]<br />[[Science]]<br />[[Finance:Economics|Economics]]<br />[[Social:Public policy|Public policy]]<br />Defense
| genre            = 
| products         = 
| production       =
| services         = 
| revenue          = {{wipe|United States dollar}}367&nbsp;million (FY 16)<ref name="AR2016"/>
| operating_income = 
| net_income       = 
| aum              = 
| assets           = 
| equity           = 
| owner            = 
| num_employees    = 2,046 (June 2016)
| parent           = Georgia Institute of Technology
| divisions        = 
| subsid           = 
| footnotes        = 
| intl             = 
| foundation       = Atlanta, Georgia (1934)
| location_city    = Atlanta, Georgia
| location_country = USA
| location         = 
| locations        = 
| homepage         = {{url|http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/}}
}}
The '''Georgia Tech Research Institute''' ('''GTRI''') is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, {{wipe|United States}}. GTRI employs around 1,765&nbsp;people, and is involved in approximately $305&nbsp;million in research annually for more than 200&nbsp;clients in industry and government.

Initially known as the '''Engineering Experiment Station''', ('''EES''') the organization was proposed in 1929 by W. Harry Vaughan as an analogue to the [[Earth:Agricultural experiment station|agricultural experiment station]]s; the Georgia General Assembly passed a law that year creating the organization on paper, but did not allocate funds to start it. To boost the state's struggling economy in the midst of the [[Finance:Great Depression|Great Depression]], funds were found, and the station was finally established with {{wipe|United States dollar}}5,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|5000|1934}}|-4}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} in April 1934.
 
GTRI's research spans a variety of disciplines, including national defense, homeland security, public health, education, mobile and wireless technologies, and [[Finance:Economic development|economic development]]. Major customers for GTRI research include United States Department of Defense agencies, the state of Georgia, non-defense federal agencies, and private industry. Overall, contracts and grants from Department of Defense agencies account for approximately 84% of GTRI's total research funding.<ref name="AR2014p7"/> Since it was established, GTRI has expanded its engineering focus to include [[Science|science]], [[Finance:Economics|economics]], [[Policy|policy]], and other areas that leverage GTRI's partnership with Georgia Tech. GTRI researchers are named on 76 active patents and 43 pending patents.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/about-us|title=About GTRI|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-09-19}}</ref>

==History==

===Establishment===
[[File:Vaughn Grace GTRI 1985.jpg|thumb|right|First GTRI director, W. Harry Vaughan (left), visiting GTRI Director Don Grace in 1984.|alt=A black-and-white photograph of two men sitting by a low table talking to each other. The man on the left is much older, has white hair, and is wearing a dark suit with a white shirt and a dark tie. He sitting on a plaid couch and gesturing with his right hand as he speaks. The man on the left is younger, has dark hair, and is wearing a light jacket, dark pants, a white shirt and a patterned tie. He is sitting on a chair with his arms resting on his legs as he leans forward to listen to the other man.]]
After being founded in 1885, Georgia Tech grew from a trade school into a university over the course of several decades. However, there was little state initiative to see the school expand significantly until 1919.<ref name="origins">{{cite journal|author=Combes, Richard|url=http://www.cherry.gatech.edu/sim/refs/combes.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901140557/http://www.cherry.gatech.edu/sim/refs/combes.pdf|archivedate=2006-09-01|title=Origins of Industrial Extension: A Historical Case Study|publisher=School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology|year=1992|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-05-28|pages=9–10}}</ref> That year, in a move similar to the Hatch Act of 1887's establishment of [[Earth:Agricultural experiment station|agricultural experiment station]]s, the federal debate over whether to create engineering experiment stations in a similar manner spurred the Georgia General Assembly to pass an act titled "Establishing State Engineering Experiment Station at the Georgia School of Technology."<ref name="origins"/><ref name="timeline1910s">{{cite web|url=http://gtalumni.org/Publications/timeline/1910s.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016201916/http://gtalumni.org/Publications/timeline/1910s.html|archivedate=2007-10-16|title=Tech Timeline: 1910s|work=Georgia Tech Traditions|publisher=Georgia Tech Alumni Association|accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref>  This station was established with the goal of the "encouragement of industries and commerce" within the state.<ref name="origins"/> The federal effort ultimately failed and the state did not finance the organization.<ref name="origins"/><ref name="dhwg238">Wallace, p. 238</ref>

In 1929, some Georgia Tech faculty members belonging to [[Organization:Sigma Xi|Sigma Xi]] started a Research Club at Tech that met once a month.<ref name="ens186">McMath, pp. 186</ref> One of the monthly subjects, proposed by W. Harry Vaughan, was a collection of issues related to Georgia Tech, such as library development, and the development of a state engineering station. This group investigated the forty existing engineering experiment stations at universities around the country, and a report was compiled by Harold Bunger, Montgomery Knight, and Vaughan in December 1929.<ref name="ens186"/> Their report noted that several similar organizations had been opened across the country at other engineering schools and were successful in local [[Finance:Economic development|economic development]].<ref name="ens186"/>

In 1933, S. V. Sanford, president of the University of Georgia, proposed that a "technical research activity" be established at Georgia Tech in order to boost the state's struggling economy in the midst of the [[Finance:Great Depression|Great Depression]]. The Georgia Board of Regents provided the new Engineering Experiment Station with $5,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|5000|1934}}|-4}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}),{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} and Georgia Tech provided infrastructure and personnel.  The station started operation in April 1934.<ref name="origins"/><ref name="ens186"/>

===Early years===
[[File:Georgia Tech Hinman Building.jpg|thumb|left|The Thomas Hinman Research Building, built in 1939 and expanded in the 1950s.|alt=A black-and-white photograph of a one-story building with windows all along it and a multi-story portion of the building set further back from the road. In front of the building, there are two cars parked on a brick-paved road.]]
Vaughan was selected as the Engineering Experiment Station's acting director in April 1934, and hired 13 part-time faculty and a few graduate assistants.<ref name="origins"/><ref name="ens186"/><ref name="gtrihist">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/introduction-solving-problems-75-years|title=Introduction: Solving Problems for 75 Years|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2009-08-05}}</ref> The station's initial areas of focus were textiles, ceramics, and [[Engineering:Helicopter|helicopter]] engineering.<ref name="gtrihist"/> The early work of the station was conducted in the basement of the Old Shop Building next to Tech Tower, and Vaughan's office was in the Aeronautical Engineering Building.<ref name="ens187">McMath, p.187</ref> The station's name was technically the State Engineering Experiment Station, but it was generally referred to as the Engineering Experiment Station (EES) or simply "the research station".<ref name="dhwg238"/>

By 1938, the Engineering Experiment Station was producing useful technology, and the station needed a method to conduct contract work outside the state budget.<ref name="origins"/> Consequently, the Industrial Development Council (IDC) was formed. The IDC was created as a non-profit contract organization for the EES, which allowed the EES to receive federal contracts while still retaining its relationship with Georgia Tech and the State of Georgia.<ref name="dhwg238"/><ref name="ens187"/> It was created by the Chancellor of the University System and the president of Georgia Power Company, and the Engineering Experiment Station's director was a member of the council.<ref name="origins"/> The IDC later became the Georgia Tech Research Corporation, which currently serves as the sole contract organization for all Georgia Tech faculty and departments.<ref name="origins"/> In addition, the contract organization manages the [[Social:Intellectual property|intellectual property]] that results from research.<ref name="ens187"/>

Examples of projects undertaken under Vaughan's directorship include Montgomery Knight's helicopter research, the Georgia Economic Survey, $6,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|6000|1938}}|-4}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} in aeronautical research for the Guggenheim Foundation, and textile research that created cotton [[Physics:Roving|roving]] and spinning processes that were three to five times faster than contemporary practices.<ref name="dhwg238"/><ref name="vaughan">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-forefathers/w-harry-vaughan|title=W. Harry Vaughan|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2009-08-05}}</ref> Vaughan was instrumental in securing a permanent building for the station, initially known as the Research Building; several years later it was expanded and named the Thomas Hinman Research Building, after Atlanta dentist and university donor Thomas Hinman.<ref name="vaughan"/><ref name="installs">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/ees-installs-"electro-mechanical-brain"|title=EES Installs "Electro-Mechanical Brain"|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref> After Vaughan left for the Tennessee Valley Authority in 1940,<ref name="vaughan"/> Harold Bunger (head of the Chemistry Department) took over as acting director. However, Bunger died not long thereafter in August 1941.<ref name="ens187"/><ref name="ens213">McMath, p. 213</ref><ref name="elec">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/government-spurs-electronics-research|title=Government Spurs Electronics Research|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2009-08-07}}</ref> Bunger's successor was Gerald Rosselot, who had been appointed assistant director by Georgia Tech's president in 1940.<ref name="ross">{{cite web|url=http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/ROSSELO.TGE.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912062616/http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/ROSSELO.TGE.pdf|archivedate=2006-09-12|title=Gerald A. Rosselot|work=Deceased Georgia Tech Faculty Members|publisher=Georgia Tech Library|first=Jim|last=Stevenson|date=2005-01-27|accessdate=2010-03-25}}</ref>

===World War II===
[[File:Jim Hubbard Microscope.jpg|thumb|right|EES Researcher Jim Hubbard with the EM200 electron microscope|alt=A black-and-white photograph of a young man examining a large microscope. The man has short, dark hair, is wearing a white shirt and a white lab coat and is holding a smoking pipe in his mouth. The microscope has a black conical base with three trapezoidal windows and a silver cylindrical body.]]
The number and value of contracts coming to the station significantly increased during [[Social:World War II|World War II]]; the 1943–1944 budget was the first in which industry and government contracts exceeded the station's other income, most notably, its state appropriation.<ref name="ens214">McMath, p. 214</ref> Director Vaughan had initially prepared the faculty for fewer incoming contracts as the Georgia General Assembly had cut the station's appropriation by 40%,<ref name="ens213"/> but increased support from industry and government eventually compensated for lower state funding.<ref name="ens214"/> World War II is credited with GTRI's entry into electronics, especially telecommunications and [[Social:Electronic warfare|electronic warfare]]; the electronics and communications work that Director Rosselot attracted is still a mainstay of GTRI research.<ref name="elec"/><ref name="ens216">McMath, p. 216</ref> Two of the larger projects were a study on the [[Physics:Radio propagation|propagation of electromagnetic waves]], and United States Navy–sponsored radar research.<ref name="elec"/>

At the end of World War II, Georgia Tech had about $240,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|240000|1945}}|-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} annually in sponsored research.<ref name="ross"/><ref name="obit">{{cite web|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=05218664|title=Gerald Rosselot, past vice president of Bendix|publisher=[[Organization:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]|accessdate=2010-01-21}}</ref> Important investments during Rosselot's administration at the Engineering Experiment Station included the purchase of an [[Engineering:Electron microscope|electron microscope]] in 1946 for $13,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|13000|1946}}|-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}, the first such instrument in the Southeastern United States and one of few in the United States at the time.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/26051|title=New Microscope For Experiment Installed at Tech|work=The Technique|date=1946-01-19|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref><ref name="growth">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/solution-long-term-growth|title=A Solution to Long-Term Growth|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref> The Research Building was expanded, and a $300,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|300000|1947}}|-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} Westinghouse [[Network analyzer (AC power)|A-C network calculator]] was given to Georgia Tech by Georgia Power in 1947.<ref name="installs"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/26183|title=Research Building Planned to House Expensive Calculator|work=The Technique|date=1946-08-03|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref>

Rosselot's administration included the 1946 establishment of the Industrial Development Council, renamed to the Georgia Tech Research Institute in 1948 and to its present name, the Georgia Tech Research Corporation, in 1984.<ref name="image">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/ees-shapes-new-image-and-gets-new-name|title=EES Shapes a New Image and Gets a New Name|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2009-08-05}}</ref><ref name="dhwg239">Wallace, p. 239</ref>  The Georgia Board of Regents had ruled that all money received in a year had to be spent that year, which was problematic because most government contracts the EES had received spanned multiple years.<ref name="growth"/> Georgia Tech president Blake Van Leer and vice president [[Biography:Cherry Logan Emerson (engineer)|Cherry Emerson]] solution was to create the Industrial Development Council, a non-profit corporation that would manage contracts for research services and subsequently hire the Engineering Experiment Station to perform the research. It would handle patents garnered through research, and distribute funds garnered from contracts and patents as needed.<ref name="growth"/><ref name="ens215">McMath, p. 215</ref> The new organization was almost immediately used to weather a severe drop in state support (from $89,000 to $3,000) during the recession of 1949.<ref name="dhwg239"/>

===Scientific Atlanta===
Glen P. Robinson and six other Georgia Tech researchers (including Robinson's former professor and future EES director Jim Boyd and EES director Gerald Rosselot) each contributed $100 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|100|1951}}|-3}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} and founded Scientific Associates (later known as [[Company:Scientific Atlanta|Scientific Atlanta]]) on October 31, 1951 with the initial goal of marketing antenna structures being developed by the radar branch of the EES.<ref name="ross"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/researchers-form-scientific-atlanta|title=Researchers form Scientific-Atlanta|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref><ref name="time">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830232,00.html|title=U.S. Business: One Way to Do It|work={{wipe|Time (magazine)}}|date=1963-04-26|accessdate=2010-01-20}}</ref> Robinson worked as the general manager without pay for the first year; after the fledgling company's first contract resulted in a $4,000 loss, Robinson (upon request) refunded five of the six other initial investors.<ref name="time"/>

From 1950 to 1952, there were a series of disputes between EES director Rosselot and Georgia Tech vice president Cherry Emerson over the station's finances and Rosselot's hand in founding Scientific Associates.<ref name="ens262">McMath, p. 262</ref> When it was founded in October 1951, Rosselot was president and CEO of Scientific Associates; at issue was the potential conflict of interest with his role at Georgia Tech, and what, if any, role Georgia Tech should have in [[Engineering:Technology transfer|technology transfer]] to the marketplace.<ref name="ross"/><ref name="ens263">McMath, p. 263</ref> Emerson later instituted a policy requiring EES employees wishing to work with Scientific Associates to make a written request to the president of Georgia Tech.<ref name="ens263"/> However, Rosselot's participation in Scientific Associates' founding and early operations ensured the eventual success of Scientific Atlanta and facilitated subsequent technology transfer by Georgia Tech's VentureLab and the Advanced Technology Development Center.<ref name="ross"/><ref name="ens263"/>

In September 1952, the Board of Regents requested an audit of EES's financial operation. Of primary concern was the reporting of overhead income, which the Board suspected was inadequate. The audit found discrepancies in the accounts receivable that were attributed to EES's practice of delaying reporting information on receivables by a month, a tactic that had become common to ensure  working capital due the regents' failure to adequately fund the station.<ref name="ens264">McMath, p. 264</ref> Though Rosselot denied malfeasance, the practice nonetheless did not conform to the University System of Georgia's established procedures for budget reporting. As a result, Rosselot went on leave from his post at Georgia Tech in November 1952, pending the acceptance of his resignation by the chancellor, which became effective March 1, 1953.<ref name="ens264"/> Following his resignation, Rosselot soon accepted a position with the [[Company:Bendix Corporation|Bendix Corporation]]'s aviation division.<ref name="ens265">McMath, p. 265</ref>

===Cold War era===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; border:1px solid #bbb; margin:0.5em 1em;"
|+Comparison of ranks at Georgia Tech<ref name="champ">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/championing-research-personnel|title=Championing Research Personnel|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-27}}</ref>
|-
!Academic
!Research (non-tenure)
|-
|Professor
|Senior research scientist or engineer
|-
|Associate professor
|Research scientist or engineer
|-
|Assistant professor
|Junior research scientist or engineer
|-
|Instructor
|Research assistant
|} 
In March 1950, Herschel H. Cudd was appointed head of EES's Chemical Sciences division.<ref name="huddnique">{{cite news|url=http://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/20100|title=Cudd Joins Experiment station As Chemical Sciences Director|work=The Technique|date=1950-03-14|accessdate=2010-01-27}}</ref> After Gerald Rosselot went on leave pending his resignation, Cudd was named acting director of EES in November 1952, then named director in July 1953, and resigned in November 1953 to accept a much higher-paying position at the American Viscoe Corporation.<ref name="champ"/><ref name="ens268">McMath, p. 268</ref>  Although he was in the post for only a year, Cudd made far-reaching changes to the station. Under Rosselot, research had been increasingly concentrated on a few researchers; Cudd reversed this trend to the extent that EES's 1952–53 Annual Report stated that 66&nbsp;faculty in 15&nbsp;schools performed research at the station that year.<ref name="champ"/><ref name="ens266">McMath, p. 266</ref> Cudd created a new promotion system for researchers that is still in use to this day. Many EES researchers held the rank of professor despite lacking a doctorate (or a comparable qualification for promotion as determined by the Georgia Board of Regents), something that irritated members of the teaching faculty. The new system, approved in the spring of 1953, used the Board of Regents' qualifications for promotion and mirrored the academic tenure track.<ref name="champ"/><ref name="ens267">McMath, p. 267</ref>

Cudd spent a significant amount of the EES operating budget on improving laboratory facilities. Cudd's successor Paul K. Calaway, previously director of the School of Chemistry, made a last-minute request to the contract organization in May 1954 to cover the resulting $20,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|20000|1954}}|-4}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} deficit.<ref name="dhwg240">Wallace, p. 240</ref> In 1954, a faculty committee appointed to do a comprehensive study of Georgia Tech, "The Aims and Objectives of the Georgia Institute of Technology", noted that of EES's budget of $2&nbsp;million for 1953–1954 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|2.0|1953}}}}}} million in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}),{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} about 83% was sponsored by governmental agencies, and about two thirds of that was classified.<ref name="ens268">McMath, p. 268</ref> In 1955, the Rich Electronic Computer Center, a new wing on the Hinman Research Building, was dedicated; the project was paid for by $85,000 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|85000|1955}}|-4}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} from the Rich Foundation and a matching grant from the EES's contract organization.<ref name="dhwg241">Wallace, p. 241</ref>

This period saw a significant expansion in Georgia Tech's [[Social:Postgraduate education|postgraduate education]] programs, which received substantial support from the EES.<ref name="champ"/> Despite its slow start, with the first Master of Science programs in the 1920s and the first [[Social:Doctorate|Doctorate]] in 1946, the program became firmly established. In 1952 alone, around 80&nbsp;students earned graduate degrees while working at EES.<ref name="champ"/>

[[File:Neely Nuclear Reactor.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Organization:Neely Nuclear Research Center|Neely Research Reactor]], which was built in part due to James E. Boyd's influence.|alt=The black-and-white photograph is of a large room that contains a lot of electronic equipment. The lower half of the image contains a cylindrical white container that is a nuclear reactor. There is a walkway at the top of the reactor, which leads back to a control room where two men are sitting.]]
James E. Boyd was promoted to Assistant Director of Research at the station in 1954, and succeeded Calaway as director on July 1, 1957.<ref name="boyd">{{cite web|url=http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/BOYDJAM.ESE.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912061927/http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/BOYDJAM.ESE.pdf|archivedate=2006-09-12|title=James E. Boyd|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|accessdate=2010-03-25}}</ref> While at Georgia Tech, Boyd wrote an influential article about the role of [[Engineering:Research institute|research centers]] at institutes of technology, which argued that research should be integrated with education, and Boyd correspondingly involved undergraduates in his research.<ref name="boyd"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Boyd |first1=James E. |year=1957 |title=Research Center in an Institute of Technology |journal=IRE Transactions on Engineering Management |publisher=[[Organization:Institute of Radio Engineers|Institute of Radio Engineers]] |volume=EM-4 |issue=3 |pages=99–100 |url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=5007421 |doi=10.1109/IRET-EM.1957.5007421 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806144921/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=5007421 |archivedate=August 6, 2011 }}</ref> Boyd was known for recruiting faculty capable of both teaching and performing notable research; one such example is his recruitment of noted physicist and nuclear scientist [[Biography:Earl W. McDaniel|Earl W. McDaniel]].<ref name="boyd"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/mcdaniel.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912062556/http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/df/pdf/mcdaniel.pdf|archivedate=2006-09-12|title=Earl W. McDaniel|publisher=Georgia Tech Library|accessdate=2010-03-26}}</ref>

Under Boyd's purview, the Engineering Experiment Station gained many electronics-related contracts, to the extent that an  Electronics Division was created in 1959; it would focus on radar and communications.<ref name="boydgtri">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-forefathers/dr-james-e-boyd|title=History Makers: Dr. James E. Boyd|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-03-25}}</ref> Boyd championed the establishment of research facilities. In 1955, Georgia Tech president Blake Van Leer appointed Boyd to Georgia Tech's Nuclear Science Committee.<ref name="boyd"/> The committee recommended the creation of a Radioisotopes Laboratory Facility and a large research reactor on campus. The former was built and dedicated on January 7, 1959, and could receive, store, and process radioactive materials.<ref name="boyd"/> The [[Organization:Neely Nuclear Research Center|Frank H. Neely Research Reactor]] was completed in 1963 and was operational until 1996, when it was defueled due to safety concerns related to the nearby 1996 Summer Olympics events.<ref name="boyd"/> The reactor was permanently decommissioned in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ch2m.com/corporate/markets/nuclear/assets/ProjectPortfolio/ResearchReactor.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yobjrRwa?url=http://www.ch2m.com/corporate/markets/nuclear/assets/ProjectPortfolio/ResearchReactor.pdf |archivedate=2011-05-20 |title=Research Reactor Decommissioning |publisher=CH2M HILL |accessdate=2010-03-29 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

Throughout the Cold War era, radar and antenna related applications remained a prominent research activity in EES' contracts with the Defense Department.<ref name=graceyears>{{cite web|title=Change at the Top: The Grace Years|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute}}</ref> [[Physics:Millimeter wave|Millimeter wave]] radar research, in particular, was prominent in EES' defense activities from the late 1950s, when the first military-designation millimeter wave radar was built at Georgia Tech, to the 1980s, when GTRI developed what was then the world's highest frequency microwave radar.<ref name=mmradar>{{cite web|title=Millimeter wave radar brings international recognition|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute}}</ref> EES' high-frequency radar research found applications in radio astronomy, meteorology and climate studies, which improved weather forecasting and climate models and assisted in NASA's planning of the [[Astronomy:Cassini–Huygens|Cassini]] and [[Engineering:Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]] missions.<ref name=mmradar/> Expansion of EES' antenna research in the 1970s, in particular, the development of an air defense antenna for the U.S. Army Missile Command, resulted in the establishment of the Huntsville Research Laboratory, GTRI's oldest off-campus research center.<ref name=graceyears/>

In 1980, EES developed a TEMPEST-approved version of the Apple II Plus for U.S. Army FORSCOM, and used it as a component in the earliest versions of the Microfix system. Fielded in 1982, the Microfix system was the first tactical system using video disk (Laserdisk) map technology providing zoom and scroll over map imagery coupled with a point database of intelligence data such as order of battle, airfields, roadways, and bridges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://training.esri.com/campus/library/Bibliography/RecordDetail.cfm?ID=16159|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724182533/http://training.esri.com/campus/library/Bibliography/RecordDetail.cfm?ID=16159|archivedate=2011-07-24|title=The development of small computer geographic analysis systems for military applications|publisher=[[Company:Esri|Esri]]|authors=Barney W. Jones, Michael Rowan, Nickolas Faust|year=1987|accessdate=2010-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.falconview.org/trac/FalconView/raw-attachment/wiki/Presentations/Moving_Maps.pdf|title=Moving Maps: Evolution in GIS|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|author=Chris Bailey|accessdate=2010-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm34_3.pdf|title=U.S. Army Field Manual 34-3, Intelligence Analysis|publisher=United States Army via the [[Organization:Federation of American Scientists|Federation of American Scientists]]|date=March 1990|pages=B–7 – B–13}}</ref> President Ronald Reagan's [[Engineering:Strategic Defense Initiative|Strategic Defense Initiative]] resulted in the largest research contract in Georgia Tech's history in 1985. The $21.3 million contract (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|21.3|1985|r=1}}}} million in {{inflation-year|US}}) was divided between GTRI and the School of Electrical Engineering.{{Inflation-fn|US}}<ref name="image"/>  GTRI landed its own largest-ever contract in 1986&mdash;$14.7 million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|14.7|1986|r=1}}}} million in {{inflation-year|US}}) to create a Soviet surface-to-air missile system simulator.{{Inflation-fn|US}}<ref name="image"/> In 1989, as part of a project with the U.S. Army, and using technology it had been developing since the late 1960s, GTRI completed the largest outdoor [[Engineering:Antenna measurement#Compact range|compact antenna range]] at Fort Huachuca, Arizona.<ref name=compactrange>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/innovations/compact-radar-range-tests-antenna-performance|title=Compact radar range tests antenna performance|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref>

On April 10, 1989, GTRI announced that one of its research groups, led by James Mahaffey, had duplicated the results of a controversial [[Organization:University of Utah|University of Utah]] experiment that had allegedly achieved [[Physics:Cold fusion|cold fusion]] in a jar of water.<ref name=graceyears/><ref name=fusionflaw>{{cite news|last=Broad|first=William|title=Georgia Tech Team Reports Flaw In Critical Experiment on Fusion|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/14/us/georgia-tech-team-reports-flaw-in-critical-experiment-on-fusion.html|date=1989-04-14|accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> Four days following the announcement, the researchers discovered that the instrument used to measure neutrons was damaged by the heat of the liquid and gave false, elevated readings.<ref name=graceyears/><ref name=fusionflaw/> GTRI immediately retracted its support of the Utah researchers' findings, citing the flawed measurement. Director Donald J. Grace referred to the mistake as "embarrassing", recalling that he and Mahaffey "blushed the whole time".<ref name=graceyears/>
{{clear}}

===Expansion and reorganization===
The Georgia General Assembly amended EES' charter in the early 1960s, authorizing an "industrial extension service to meet the technical, informational and other needs of industry and local development groups".<ref name=transition>{{cite web|title=A Time of Transition - the 1960s|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/time-transition-1960s|accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref> This led to an expansion of some of EES' activities that it had been involved in since the 1940s. In particular, EES began providing additional services as a [[Organization:Business incubator|technological incubator]] during this time frame, and began an international development initiative that improved infrastructure and facilitated technology transfer in over 40 developing nations.<ref name=transition/> The station's expanded mission bolstered its traditional research strengths, resulting in work on projects that improved radar operation on the [[Engineering:Saturn (rocket family)|Saturn rocket]] and in the invention of the compact antenna range by Richard C. Johnson.<ref name=compactrange/><ref name=transition/> Throughout the 1960s, these changes brought about an increased focus on research that sought to solve societal problems rather than research for the sake of pure scientific knowledge. This came at a time when director [[Biography:Maurice W. Long|Maurice W. Long]] began placing an emphasis on graduate education and multidisciplinary research.<ref name=peoplesake>{{cite web|title=Research "For the Sake of People": Early Social Entrepreneurs|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/research-%E2%80%9C-sake-people-early-social-entrepreneurs|accessdate=2012-04-08}}</ref>

[[File:James Boyd at Podium cropped.jpg|thumb|right|James E. Boyd speaking at Georgia Tech.|alt=A man wearing a suit and glasses standing at a podium outside.]]
The late 1960s saw a period of student unrest, and university research centers that worked on contracts for the Department of Defense were often the site of student protests. Neither Georgia Tech nor EES became the focus of protests, and Long attributed this to the school's "conservative student body".<ref name=peoplesake/> For other reasons, however, EES became embattled financially and politically as a result of cuts in federal and state spending as well as cuts to the space program. Georgia Tech's academic units were similarly affected by these cuts, which helped rekindle the debate over EES' relationship with the school.<ref name="defend">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/ees-defends-its-independence|title=EES Defends its Independence|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref>

Georgia Tech president Arthur G. Hansen's "bold and controversial" solution to both entities' problems was to completely absorb the station into Georgia Tech's academic units.<ref name="defend"/><ref name="ens399">McMath, p. 399</ref> On paper, this would dramatically increase Georgia Tech's stated research funding (as all of it would be performed through the academic units), and it would increase options and financial aid for graduate students. Another, less publicized, reason was that Georgia Tech would gain access to the contract organization's reserve fund, which was said to be over $1 million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1|1970|r=1}}}} million in {{inflation-year|US}}).<ref name="ens399"/>{{Inflation-fn|US}} Thomas E. Stelson, [[Social:Dean (education)|Dean]] of the College of Engineering at Georgia Tech, was named to "reorganize" the station. Publicly, Stelson's task was simply to recommend a plan for reorganization, but the administration clearly intended for Georgia Tech and the Engineering Experiment Station to be closely integrated.<ref name="ens399"/> [[Biography:Maurice W. Long|Maurice W. Long]], who was director of the station at the time, viewed the move as a violation of the EES's [[Finance:Charter|charter]] as legislatively established by the Georgia General Assembly in 1919, and asserted that Georgia Tech did not have the authority to merge the two institutions.<ref name="ens399"/><ref name="ens400">McMath, p. 400</ref> EES employees and business executives involved with the station appealed to the Georgia Board of Regents and to Governor of Georgia (and future United States President) [[Biography:Jimmy Carter|Jimmy Carter]] (himself a Georgia Tech alumnus); the controversy received coverage in both ''The Technique'' and the ''Atlanta Constitution''.<ref name="ens400"/><ref>{{citation|title=Report of the Director, Engineering Experiment Station|work=Annual Report, 1970–71|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|pages=83–85|year=1971}}</ref><!--it's also covered in the following sources:<ref>{{cite news|work=The Technique|date=1971-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=Atlanta Constitution|date=1971-04-01}}</ref> -->

When former EES director James E. Boyd was appointed as interim president of Georgia Tech following the departure of Hansen, he stopped the plan for complete absorption of the station, but did allow plans for closer control and more aggressive contract solicitation to proceed.<ref name="defend"/><ref name="ens400"/> Among these measures were increased resource-sharing, including increased sharing of physical assets and research staff. The latter was evidenced by the increase in joint faculty appointments between the EES and Georgia Tech. The move paid off, and the fiscal year 1970–1971 saw EES win new contracts and grants, totaling a record $5.2 million (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|5.2|1971|r=1}}}} million in {{inflation-year|US}}).<ref name="defend"/>{{Inflation-fn|US}} Stelson was left in charge of the station's reorganization and was named interim director upon Long's departure in 1975.<ref name="ens399">McMath, p. 399</ref><ref name="whistle">{{cite news|url=http://www.whistle.gatech.edu/archives/05/dec/05/stelsonobit.shtml|title=Thomas Stelson, emeritus vice president of research, dies|newspaper=''The Whistle''|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=2005-12-05|accessdate=2010-07-09}}</ref> During his tenure, Stelson reorganized the station into eight semi-autonomous laboratories in order to allow each to develop a specialization and clientele, a model it retains (with slight modifications) to this day.<ref name="relevant">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b67PDPCcPIEC&pg=PA288&lpg=PA288&dq=thomas+stelson+carnegie+mellon#v=onepage&q=stelson&f=false|title=Research and relevant knowledge: American research universities since World War II|first=Roger L|last=Geiger|date=1993-05-06|publisher=[[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]]|location={{wipe|New York City}}|isbn=978-0-19-505346-3|page=291}}</ref><ref name="ens401">McMath, p. 401</ref>

The Engineering Experiment Station was renamed the Georgia Tech Research Institute in 1984. A separate organization, originally called the Industrial Development Council, changed its name to the Georgia Tech Research Institute in February 1946, and finally to the Georgia Tech Research Corporation in 1984.<ref name="image"/><ref name="ens259">McMath, p.259</ref><ref name="ens434">McMath, p.434</ref> There are legal difficulties when an American university wishes to accept contracts from some entities, especially the federal government, so the second organization is a contracting organization. Most importantly, it allows the university to perform multi-year contracts that are not possible under state law, which requires that money received must be spent in the same fiscal year.<ref name="ens259"/> The name change coincided with a shift in focus toward obtaining industrial research contracts in addition to its contracts with the federal government.<ref name="ens401"/> GTRI expanded its footprint in the mid to late 1980s: the Centennial Research Building opened on the north end of the Georgia Tech campus in 1985, providing expanded lab and office space, and the electromagnetic radiation measurement range was established at GTRI's Cobb County research facility.<ref name="image"/>

<div class="NavFrame">
  <div class="NavHead">'''Names of GTRI-related organizations since 1934'''</div>
  <div class="NavContent" style="display:none;">
{| class="toccolours plainlinks"  style="margin:auto; width:100%;" cellspacing="0"
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="50"|
|- style="text-align:center;" 
| colspan="6"  style="width:6%; background:silver;"| 1930s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:#f0f0f0;"| 1940s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:silver;"| 1950s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:#f0f0f0;"| 1960s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:silver;"| 1970s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:#f0f0f0;"| 1980s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:silver;"| 1990s
| colspan="10"  style="width:10%; background:#f0f0f0;"| 2000s
| colspan="4" <!-- in 2014, increase this --> style="width:4%; background:silver;"| 2010s
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
|width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3||width=1%|4||width=1%|5||width=1%|6||width=1%|7||width=1%|8||width=1%|9
|width=1%|0||width=1%|1||width=1%|2||width=1%|3<!-- and add one of these -->
|-  style="text-align:left; text-align:center;"
| colspan="50"  style="background:silver; "|Engineering Experiment Station
| colspan="30" <!-- increase this -->  style="background:#e0e0e0; "|Georgia Tech Research Institute
|- align=left
|
|-  style="text-align:left; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" rowspan="2"  style="background:#fff; text-align:center;"|
| colspan="10" rowspan="2"  style="background:#e0e0e0; "|Industrial Development Council
| colspan="36" rowspan="2"  style="background:silver; "|Georgia Tech Research Institute
| colspan="30" <!-- increase this -->  style="background:#e0e0e0; "|Georgia Tech Research Corporation
|-  style="text-align:left; text-align:center;"
| colspan="14"  style="background:#e0e0e0; text-align:center;"|
| colspan="16" <!-- increase this -->  style="background:silver; "|Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation
|}
</div></div>

===Recent history===
[[File:GTRI Solar Furnace 1979.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Engineering:Solar furnace|solar furnace]] on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus in 1979|alt=In the foreground, several hundred mirrors are arranged to reflect sunlight onto a white central tower structure. There is a man wearing a white hard hat closer to the camera, and white modular buildings behind the mirrors.]]

From 1992 to 1997, retired Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly was GTRI's director.  Truly helped GTRI survive a recession and the end of the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]] despite its dependence on United States Department of Defense (DOD) contracts.<ref name="truly">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-forefathers/vadm-richard-h-truly-usn-ret|title=VADM Richard H. Truly (USN, Ret.)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> During his tenure the percentage of GTRI's budget from the DOD did experience a small decrease (from 76&nbsp;percent to 70&nbsp;percent), but this was balanced by increased research in other fields.<ref name="truly"/> In 1997, GTRI passed $100&nbsp;million in research contracts, with 546 awards for $103,061,780 (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|103061780|1997}}|-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}).<ref name="truly"/>{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} One of GTRI's more widely used (and ongoing) products, [[Software:FalconView|FalconView]], was initially developed in the early 1990s; it is a [[Geographic information system|geographic information system]] that allows pilots to plot flight paths while integrating real-time military intelligence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/innovations/falconview-keeps-pilots-date|title=FalconView keeps pilots up-to-date|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref>

Truly was replaced by Edward K. Reedy, who served from 1998 to 2003.<ref name="reedy">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-forefathers/dr-edward-k-reedy|title=Dr. Edward K. Reedy|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> Reedy encouraged funding researchers who had ideas that needed support, and introduced a new cost accounting standard for recovering indirect expenditures. Reedy was particularly influential in securing the $7.3 million in funding required to build the Food Processing Technology Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/media/645|title=Dr. Edward Reedy, Honorary 2004, and GTRI director from 1996–2003|quote=Knowing the need for a research facility to work with the poultry industry in Georgia, [Reedy] created a partnership to get the job done and [it] is now an asset to GT, GTRI, and Georgia.|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|date=2009-10-23|accessdate=2011-10-13}}</ref><ref name="leads">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-history/reedy-leads-gtri-new-century|title=Reedy Leads GTRI into a New Century|work=GTRI Historical Archive|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref> Under his leadership, GTRI's first endowed chair was established in March 1998 in honor of Glen P. Robinson, the $1.5 million Glen P. Robinson Chair in Electro-Optics.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/history/our-forefathers/glen-p-robinson-jr|title=Glen P. Robinson Jr.|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-10-17}}</ref> 
GTRI and Georgia Tech played host to sitting president George W. Bush in March 2002; a mock disaster was staged during the visit, demonstrating new technologies.<ref name="leads"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/newsrelease/PRESIDENTBUSH.htm|title=President Bush Praises Georgia Tech Emergency Response Research and Training After Viewing Mock Disaster|work=Georgia Tech Research News|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=2002-03-29|accessdate=2011-10-19}}</ref> At the end of Reedy's tenure, GTRI had $115&nbsp;million in research contracts (equivalent to ${{formatnum:{{roundup|{{Inflation|US-GDP|115000000|2003}}|-5}}}} in {{inflation-year|US-GDP}}),{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}} a new high.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtresearchnews.gatech.edu/reshor/rh-w03/reedy.html|title=Career Highlights: Retiring GTRI director reflects on 33&nbsp;years of doing what he enjoyed|first=Jane M|last=Sanders|work=Georgia Tech Research Horizons|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=Winter 2003|accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> Much new funding came as an indirect result of the [[Religion:September 11 attacks|September 11 attacks]] and the resulting War on Terrorism as the DOD increased related research.<ref name="reedy"/>

[[File:GTRI Headquarters.jpg|thumb|left|The GTRI headquarters building on 14th Street in Atlanta, Georgia.|alt=A six-story building of concrete and glass, as viewed from the front corner, with 14th Street parallel to the left face of the building. There are evenly spaced trees in front of the right face of the building.]]
Stephen E. Cross was selected as director in late 2003.<ref name="tapped">{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=148 |title=Stephen Cross Tapped to Lead Georgia Tech Research Institute |date=2009-06-09 |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology |accessdate=2009-08-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403063607/http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=148 |archivedate=April 3, 2012 }}</ref> In March 2010, Cross was named Executive Vice President for Research, a newly created position within Georgia Tech with oversight over all research at the university, including GTRI, the Georgia Tech Research Corporation, the school's interdisciplinary research centers, and the Enterprise Innovation Institute; and will "work closely with" academic researchers.<ref name="evpr">{{cite pressrelease|first=Michael|last=Hagearty|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?nid=55020|title=Cross Named Executive Vice President for Research|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=2010-03-19|accessdate=2010-04-03}}</ref> He began his new role on May 1, 2010, and was replaced as director by Robert McGrath.<ref name="mcgrath">{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/news/mcgrath-named-gtri-director|title=Robert McGrath Named Director of the Georgia Tech Research Institute|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|date=2010-12-21|accessdate=2010-12-21}}</ref>

Some recent notable projects have included the Deployable Joint Command and Control System and [[Engineering:ULTRA AP|ULTRA AP]], a concept [[Engineering:Combat vehicle|combat vehicle]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/deployable-mobile-headquarters|title=Deployable Mobile Headquarters Gains Communication Upgrades|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9331267/|title=NASCAR engineers help design combat vehicle|publisher=MSNBC|first=Bjorn|last=Carey|date=2005-09-13|accessdate=2010-03-03}}</ref> In 2010, researchers developed microfabricated planar ion traps using VLSI techniques for use in a [[Trapped ion quantum computer|trapped ion quantum computer]].<ref>http://quantum.gatech.edu/publications.shtml</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100526091044.htm|title=Toward a Useful Quantum Computer: Researchers Design and test Microfabricated Planar Ion Traps|publisher=ScienceDaily|date=2010-05-28|accessdate=2010-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/microfabricated-planar-ion-traps|title=Quantum Future: Designing and Testing Microfabricated Planar Ion Traps|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-09-20}}</ref> Also in 2010, researchers developed a method of using GPGPU to crack passwords, coming up with a minimum secure password length of 12 characters.<ref name="gtri">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/Teraflop-Troubles-Power-Graphics-Processing-Units-GPUs-Password-Security-System|title=Teraflop Troubles: The Power of Graphics Processing Units May Threaten the World's Password Security System|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref><ref name="msnbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38771772/|title=Want to deter hackers? Make your password longer|publisher=MSNBC|date=2010-08-19|accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref> Researchers are investigating the use of radar as a possible [[Medicine:Concussion|concussion]] detection tool.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/playbook/2011/04/concussion-test-radar-scans/|title=Next Big Wave in Concussion Testing: Radar Scans|first=Erik|last=Malinowski|work=Wired|date=2011-04-26|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/diagnosing-concussions-high-tech-radar-detects-brain-injuries/story?id=13462046|title=Concussion Symptoms: New Technology Uses Simple Radar to Detect Brain Injuries|publisher=ABC News|date=2011-04-27|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/radar-analysis-shows-promise-detecting-concussions|title=Multitasking Challenge: Radar Analysis of Walking Patterns Shows Promise for Detecting Concussions in Athletes and Soldiers|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Elizabeth Armstrong|last=Moore|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-20057150-247.html|title=Scientists use radar to detect concussion|publisher=CNET|date=2011-04-25|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref>

GTRI is the primary contractor of the [[Engineering:Homeland Open Security Technology|Homeland Open Security Technology]] program, which aims to promote the creation and use of [[Open security|open security]] and [[Open-source software|open-source software]] in the United States government and military, especially in areas pertaining to [[Computer security|computer security]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/gtri-lead-10-million-department-homeland-security-|title=Georgia Tech Research Institute Will Lead $10 Million Department of Homeland Security Open Cyber Security Initiative|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43182037/ns/technology_and_science-innovation/t/us-considers-open-source-software-cybersecurity/#.TpfUb0wf64Y|title=U.S. Considers Open-Source Software for Cybersecurity|first=Jeremy|last=Hsu|work=MSNBC|date=2011-05-26|accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref> GTRI personnel are involved in DARPA's [[Anomaly Detection at Multiple Scales]] project through the Proactive Discovery of Insider Threats Using Graph Analysis and Learning system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?nid=72599|title=Georgia Tech Helps to Develop System That Will Detect Insider Threats from Massive Data Sets|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|first=Abby|last=Robinson|date=2011-11-10|accessdate=2011-12-05}}</ref><ref name=brandon>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/12/03/could-us-government-start-reading-your-emails/|title=Could the U.S. Government Start Reading Your Emails?|first=John|last=Brandon|publisher=Fox News|date=2011-12-03|accessdate=2011-12-05}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Description==
[[File:GTRI awards by source.png|thumb|right|GTRI awards by source in 2014<ref name="AR2014p7"/>
{{legend|#120A8F|Department of Defense (84%)}}
{{legend|#008080|Federal [[Finance:Subcontractor|Subcontract]] (7%)}}
{{legend|#D3D3D3|Non-DoD Federal (3%)}}
{{legend|#9999FF|State and Local (3%)}}
{{legend|#CFB53B|Private (2%)}}]]

===Employees and financials===
As of June 2013, GTRI employed 1,765&nbsp;people, 637 of which were support staff, and 314 of which were students.<ref name="gtri-staff">{{cite web|url=http://factbook.gatech.edu/content/gtri-staff|title=GTRI Staff, June 2013|work=Georgia Tech Fact Book|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|accessdate=2014-09-19}}</ref> Out of the approximately 900 research scientists and engineers working for GTRI in June 2013, 18% had attained a doctorate, 56% had a master's degree, and 26% had a bachelor's degree.<ref name="gtri-staff"/> In 2011, GTRI employees' generational breakdown included approximately 5% from the "Silent Generation" (born in 1922–1945); 30% from the "baby boomers" (born in 1946–1964); 27% from "[[Philosophy:Generation X|Generation X]]" (born in 1965–1980); and 38% from "Generation Y" (born since 1981).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slideshare.net/amybondurant/gtri-generations|title=GTRI Generations|author=Amy Bondurant (Georgia Tech Research Institute)|publisher=[[Software:SlideShare|SlideShare]]|date=2011-08-01|accessdate=2012-05-14}}</ref>

In 2014, GTRI had $305 million in revenue, and $363 million in contract awards.<ref name="AR2014p7">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/files/media/GTRI_2014_Annual_Report_Final.pdf|title=2014 Annual Report|page=7|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-11-13}}</ref> In 2014, the United States Department of Defense consisted of 84% of GTRI's awards by value; the remainder was composed of federal (7%); non-DOD (3%) state and local (3%); and university, business, or nonprofit (2%).<ref name="AR2014p7"/> GTRI researchers are named on 76 active patents and 43 pending patents.<ref name="about"/>

===Facilities===
In total, the organization has at least {{convert|892,000|sqft|m2}} of laboratory and facility space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/facilities|title=Our research facilities|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> GTRI is headquartered on the Georgia Tech campus in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, where five of its seven research laboratories are located. Some major buildings are the Centennial Research Building, the Baker Building, and the GTRI Headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/crb|title=Centennial Research Building|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/gtri-headquarters|title=GTRI Headquarters, Atlanta|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/baker|title=Baker Building|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> The GTRI Headquarters contains the GTRI Conference Center, which has {{convert|10,000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of space and hosts over 300 events a year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/conference-center|title=GTRI Conference Center|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref>

Other notable Atlanta buildings include the Food Processing Technology Building and the GTRI Machine Services Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/food-processing|title=Food Processing Technology Building|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/machine|title=Machine Services Building|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> Two GTRI laboratories operate at an off-campus research facility, the Cobb County Research Facility, approximately fifteen miles north of Atlanta in Cobb County adjacent to the Dobbins Air Reserve Base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atlanta/ccrf|title=Visit the Cobb County Research Facility (CCRF)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-12}}</ref> Additionally, GTRI operates the Applied Systems Laboratory in Huntsville, Alabama.

GTRI opened an international office in Athlone, Ireland in June 2006.<ref>{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=897 |title=GTRI to Open Institute in Athlone, Ireland |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology |date=2006-03-16 |accessdate=2008-11-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222080536/http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=897 |archivedate=February 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=1021 |title=Georgia Tech Opens Research Institute in Ireland |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology |date=2006-06-21 |accessdate=2007-04-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222080543/http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=1021 |archivedate=February 22, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="GTI">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/gtireland |title=Georgia Tech Ireland: Bridging the gap to successful innovation |publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute |accessdate=2011-05-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301081138/http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/gtireland/ |archivedate=March 1, 2011 }}</ref> This effort was expanded when Georgia Tech, the National University of Ireland, Galway and the University of Limerick partnered in June 2010 to create a joint translational research institute.<ref name="GTI"/><ref>{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?nid=58138|title=Georgia Tech, NUI Galway and the University of Limerick Launch Joint Partnership|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=2010-06-18|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.idaireland.com/news-media/press-releases/georgia-tech-ireland-appo/ |title=Georgia Tech-Ireland Appoints New Director |publisher=IDA Ireland |date=2007-09-25 |accessdate=2011-05-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321004517/http://www.idaireland.com/news-media/press-releases/georgia-tech-ireland-appo/ |archivedate=March 21, 2011 }}</ref> GTRI has several field offices that help with nearby on-site research and needs. These are in Dallas, {{wipe|Texas}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/dallas|title=Visit the Dallas field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Dayton, Ohio,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/dayton|title=Visit the Dayton field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Shalimar, Florida (near {{wipe|Eglin Air Force Base}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/shalimar|title=Visit the Eglin field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Huntsville, Alabama,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/huntsville/hfo |title=Visit the Huntsville field office |publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute |accessdate=2008-11-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012211912/http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/huntsville/hfo |archivedate=October 12, 2008 }}</ref> Jacksonville, Florida,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/jacksonville|title=Visit the Jacksonville field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Orlando, Florida,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/orlando|title=Visit Orlando Research Operations|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Panama City, Florida,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/panama-city|title=Visit the Panama City field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Quantico, Virginia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/panama-city|title=Visit the Quantico field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> San Diego, {{wipe|California}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/sandiego|title=Visit the San Diego field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Tucson, Arizona,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/tucson|title=Visit the Tucson field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> Warner Robins, Georgia (near {{wipe|Robins Air Force Base}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/warnerrobins|title=Visit the Warner Robins field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> and Arlington, Virginia/Washington, DC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/arlington|title=Visit the Washington field office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref>

==Organization==
[[File:Centennial Research Building.jpg|thumb|left|The Centennial Research Building, home to the Electronic Systems and Advanced Concepts Laboratories|alt=A round, six-story brick building with rows of windows. At its base, there are green bushes and a power line. In the foreground above, there are branches of a tree with green leaves.]]

===Structure===
GTRI is composed of eight laboratories organized by technical focus into three research and development directorates.<ref name="AR2014p8">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/files/media/GTRI_2014_Annual_Report_Final.pdf|title=2014 Annual Report|page=8|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-11-13}}</ref> Each lab is further subdivided into [[Finance:Division (business)|divisions]].<ref name="labs">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/labs|title=Our research laboratories|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-06}}</ref> Labs frequently collaborate with one another and outside groups (both academic units and external companies) based on the requirements of each project.<ref name="syn">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/synergy-with-georgia-tech|title=Synergy with Georgia Tech|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> GTRI performs research for clients at the local, regional, national, and international level,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factbook.gatech.edu/content/major-gtri-customerschart |title=Major GTRI Customers |work=Georgia Tech Fact Book |year=2010 |accessdate=2012-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428025230/http://factbook.gatech.edu/content/major-gtri-customerschart |archivedate=April 28, 2012 }}</ref> and employees are encouraged to publish their work and present it at conferences and consortia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/careers/qualifications|title=Qualifications we seek|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2012-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/expert|title=Expert-To-Expert|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2012-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osp.gatech.edu/publication/ |title=Publication of Results Generated Under Sponsored Research Projects |publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology Office of Sponsored Programs |accessdate=2012-05-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617075001/http://www.osp.gatech.edu/publication/ |archivedate=June 17, 2010 }}</ref>

GTRI is an operating unit of Georgia Tech although it performs research under commercial cost principles for non-profit organizations.  For that reason, it uses a separate contracting entity, the Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation (GTARC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtarc.gatech.edu/|title=Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation|publisher=Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation|accessdate=2007-09-10}}</ref> Although GTARC is the contracting entity, the Georgia Tech Research Corporation (GTRC) owns the [[Social:Intellectual property|intellectual property]] created by all Georgia Tech researchers and manages technology protection and licensing. GTRI reports to the Georgia Tech Executive Vice President of Research (as of 2013, Stephen E. Cross) who currently serves as the President of GTARC.<ref name="gtarc2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.gtarc.gatech.edu/financials/gtarc_2010.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yobkTdPH?url=http://www.gtarc.gatech.edu/financials/gtarc_2010.pdf |archivedate=2011-05-20 |title=Financial Statements With Independent Auditors' Report For the Year Ended June 30, 2010 |publisher=Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation |date=2010-09-17 |accessdate=2011-05-13 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

GTRI's project directors are responsible for direction of all aspects of projects, including marketing, contract development, research, and fulfillment. Most projects are conducted on a [[Finance:Reimbursement|cost-reimbursable]] basis and are negotiated by Georgia Tech's Office of Sponsored Programs with terms and conditions appropriate for contracts specific to the operation of a university research organization.<ref name="gtarc2010"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/compliance|title=Compliance|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref>

The organization is led by the Director, who is also considered a vice president of Georgia Tech.<ref name="rschorg">{{cite web|url=http://factbook.gatech.edu/administration-and-faculty/organization-chart-e-exec-vice-pres-for-research/|title=Executive Vice President for Research Organization Chart|work=Georgia Tech Fact Book|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|date=Fall 2013|accessdate=2014-09-25}}</ref> Five people report to the director: the Deputy Director and Associate Vice Provost for Research;  the Deputy Director for Support Operations; and the three deputy directors in charge of each research and development directorate.<ref name="AR2014p8"/><!--new GTRI org chart ref--> The eight lab directors report to their respective deputy director of research and development.<ref name="AR2014p8"/> The business strategist, financial operations director, and chief scientist all report to the Deputy Director/Vice Provost. Business services, human resources, information systems, machine services, and other support services report to the Deputy Director for Support Operations.<!--new GTRI org chart ref-->

GTRI, like many traditional boards of directors, has an External Advisory Council, which consists of individuals who are notable in related fields of industry, government or academia and who provide advice about research direction, strategy, and markets, although they do not govern the organization.<ref name="eac">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/advisory-council|title=External Advisory Council|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> Members of the Board of Trustees of the contracting agency, GTARC, are not necessarily members of the External Advisory Council, although there is sometimes overlap between them.<ref name="eac"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtarc.gatech.edu/trustees/ |title=Trustees |publisher=Georgia Tech Applied Research Corporation |accessdate=2011-05-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719201318/http://www.gtarc.gatech.edu/trustees/ |archivedate=July 19, 2011 }}</ref>

===University affiliation===
[[File:Baker Building Georgia Tech.jpg|thumb|right|The Baker Building, named for Harry L. Baker Jr., is home to the Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory.|alt=A three-story rectangular brick building seen from its corner. There is a small tree near its corner, and grass in the foreground.]]
GTRI contributes to the Georgia Tech research environment for [[Social:Faculty (academic staff)|faculty]] and students by conducting externally sponsored, applications-oriented research programs that benefit the state, region, and nation. These programs, led by GTRI research faculty, contribute to [[Social:National security|national security]], civilian needs, and industrial competitiveness, and provide students with career experience through [[Social:Research assistant|graduate research assistantships]], cooperative education programs, and undergraduate assistantships. Since 1995, GTRI (and in particular, its Huntsville Laboratory) has been a University Affiliated Research Center, a designation by the United States Department of Defense intended to maintain what it calls "essential engineering and technology capabilities".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/contract-vehicles|title=Contract Vehicles|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-11-27}}</ref>

GTRI is the largest single employer of Georgia Tech graduate and undergraduate students; as of 2013, GTRI employed 186 graduate co-ops and research assistants and 128 undergraduate co-ops.<ref name="gtri-staff"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatech.edu/president/speeches/GTRI75thAnniversary.html |title=GTRI's 75th Anniversary Remarks |publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute |date=2009-05-13 |accessdate=2011-05-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203123531/http://www.gatech.edu/president/speeches/GTRI75thAnniversary.html |archivedate=December 3, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/careers/co-op|title=Co-op Employment|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/careers/student-assistants|title=Student Assistants|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-13}}</ref> GTRI's contributions to the Georgia Tech community include collaborative research with academic faculty, courses originated by GTRI faculty, and joint service efforts. Collaboration is strong between the faculties of GTRI and the academic schools and departments. Many GTRI researchers hold appointments as [[Social:Professor#Other positions|adjunct faculty members]] in Georgia Tech academic departments, serve on [[Thesis|thesis]] advisory committees, and teach both academic and [[Social:Continuing education|continuing education]] courses.<ref name="syn"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/prof-ed|title=Professional Education|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref>

GTRI reaches out to Georgia Tech's academic and research departments for collaboration on many research activities, building interdisciplinary teams that take advantage of the broad expertise within Georgia Tech's highly ranked programs.<ref>{{cite pressrelease | publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology | date=2010-08-17 | url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?nid=60445 | accessdate=2011-05-12 | title=Georgia Tech's U.S. News Rankings remain strong }}</ref> One such collaboration is with the Georgia Tech Information Security Center to create GTRI's newest laboratory, the [[Organization:GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory|Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory]] (CTISL).<ref name="war">{{cite pressrelease|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/cyber-warriors|title=Cyber Warriors: GTRI Creates Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory|date=2010-10-01|accessdate=2010-10-07|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute}}</ref>

===Laboratories===
GTRI conducts its research programs through eight laboratories organized into three research and development directorates that focus on specific subjects:<ref name=AR2014p8/><ref name="labs"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:200px;"| Name
! style="width:*;"| Research area
! style="width:70px;"| Reference
|-
| colspan="3"  style="text-align:center; background:#fefefe;"| '''Electronics, Optics & Systems'''
|-
| Applied Systems Laboratory (ASL)
| This laboratory, in Huntsville, Alabama, primarily supports the United States Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (USA AMRDEC) in its aviation and missile R&D efforts.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/asl|title=Applied Systems Laboratory|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2012-11-14}}</ref>
|-
| Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS)
| ELSYS focuses on systems engineering solutions in [[Social:Electronic warfare|electronic defense]]; modeling, simulation and analysis; countermeasures technique development; sensors performance analysis; electronic warfare systems integration; standardized test procedures; flight test support; laboratory support stations and test systems; missile warning system improvements; technology insertion and human factors.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/elsys|title=Electronic Systems Laboratory (ELSYS)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory (EOSL)
| EOSL has technology thrusts in the areas of electro-optical modeling and analysis, microelectronic and [[Engineering:Nanotechnology|nanotechnology]] development, remote sensing, [[Physics:Acoustics|acoustics]], and mechanical systems.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/eosl|title=Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory (EOSL)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="3"  style="text-align:center; background:#fefefe;"| '''Information & Cyber Sciences'''
|-
| [[Organization:GTRI Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory|Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory (CTISL)]]
| CTISL is the newest lab, founded on October 1, 2010. It focuses on cyber security and features existing business areas such as [[Information security|secure information]] systems and resilient command and control with emerging areas such as [[Cyberwarfare|cyberwarfare]], while collaborating with the Georgia Tech Information Security Center.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/ctisl|title=Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory (CTISL)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref>
|-
| Information and Communications Laboratory (ICL)
| ICL conducts a broad range of research in areas of [[Computer science|computer science]], [[Engineering:Information technology|information technology]], communications, networking, and the development of commercial products from university research. Until October 1, 2010, the lab was named the "Information Technology and Telecommunications Laboratory."
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/icl|title=Information and Communications Laboratory (ICL)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2011-05-08}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="3"  style="text-align:center; background:#fefefe;"| '''Sensors & Intelligent Systems'''
|-
| Advanced Concepts Laboratory (ACL)
| ACL conducts research and development in [[Physics:Electromagnetism|electromagnetic]] materials and structures, electromagnetic [[Astronomy:Aperture|aperture]]s and scattering, optical and infrared physics and [[Empirical research|phenomenology]], [http://quantum.gatech.edu/ quantum information systems], and secure information systems. They were known as the Signature Technology Laboratory until October 2012.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/acl|title=Advanced Concepts Laboratory (STL)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2012-10-26}}</ref>
|-
| [[Organization:GTRI Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory|Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS)]]
| ATAS develops advanced systems concepts and performs research related to [[Earth:Aerospace|aerospace]] systems, power and energy systems, threat systems, intelligent [[Engineering:Autonomous robot|autonomous system]]s, and [[Engineering:Systems engineering|systems engineering]] methodologies. Contains the Agricultural Technology Research Program.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="gatech1">{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atas|title=Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory (SEAL)
| SEAL researchers investigate radar systems, electromagnetic environmental effects, radar system performance modeling and simulations, and [[Engineering:Antenna (radio)|antenna]] technology.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gtri.gatech.edu/seal|title=Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications Laboratory (SEAL)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|}

===Interdisciplinary research centers===
Like many research universities, Georgia Tech has many smaller organizational units dedicated to [[Philosophy:Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] research, which combines two or more academic fields into one single discipline.<ref name="inter">{{cite web|url=http://factbook.gatech.edu/content/interdisciplinary-centers|title=Interdisciplinary Centers|work=Georgia Tech Fact Book|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|accessdate=2012-06-04}}</ref> The following centers are based out of the Georgia Tech Research Institute:<ref name="inter"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:200px;"| Name
! style="width:*;" class="unsortable"| Research area
! style="width:70px;" class="unsortable"| Reference
|-
| Accessibility Evaluation Facility (AEF)
| AEF has developed techniques for evaluating accessibility and usability, and it works with corporations to create accessibility solutions that conform with disability regulations.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/facilities/aef|title=Accessibility Evaluation Facility|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-09-25}}</ref>
|-
| Center for Consumer Product Research and Testing
| The Center for Consumer Product Research and Testing conducts research regarding various consumer needs and experiences with product design and serves as the official product test lab for the Arthritis Foundation and several other arthritis organizations around the world.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=IDRC/>
|-
| Center for International Development and Cooperation (CIDC)
| The CIDC develops low-cost [[Engineering:Radar|radar]] and [[Engineering:Phased array|phased array]] concepts through joint international research activities.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=IDRC>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/interdisciplinary-research-centers|title=Our Interdisciplinary Research Centers|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-09-25}}</ref>
|-
| Center for Optimization of Simulated Multiple Objective Systems (COSMOS)
| COSMOS develops tools relating to the simulation of complex systems.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/COSMOS/tabid/134/Default.aspx |title=Center for Optimization of Simulated Multiple Objective Systems (COSMOS) |publisher=GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory |accessdate=2010-04-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212170250/http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/COSMOS/tabid/134/Default.aspx |archivedate=December 12, 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| Commercial Product Realization Office (CPRO)
| CPRO provides clients with comprehensive technology selection, product design, prototyping, production preparation, product data [[Documentation|documentation]], and testing assistance.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/cpro/|title=Commercial Product Realization Office|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Center for Innovative Fuel Cell and Battery Technologies
| This center researches low-temperature [[Physics:Fuel cell|fuel cell]]s, solid-oxide fuel cells, [[Engineering:Hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] power systems, fuel processing, microscale fuel cells, battery materials, and rapid-charging batteries.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbt.gatech.edu/|title=Center for Innovative Fuel Cell and Battery Technologies|publisher=Center for Innovative Fuel Cell and Battery Technologies|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/powering-future|title=Fuel Cell Research Center's Innovations to Promote Sustainable Energy Sources|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Electromagnetic Test and Evaluation Facility
| The Electromagnetic Test and Evaluation Facility is an antenna testing facility that is capable of performing tests on nearly any type of any antenna for nearly any application. 
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/facilities/emtef|title=Electromagnetic Test and Evaluation Facility|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Environmental Radiation Center (ERC)
| ERC researches the effect of radiation in various environments.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/facilities/erc|title=Environmental Radiation Center (ERC)|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Environmental Safety and Occupational Health Center (ESOH)
| ESOH oversees health and safety compliance programs and conducts research in areas related to sustainability and environmental concerns in the state of Georgia. 
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=IDRC/>
|-
| Food Processing Technology Division (FPTD)
| The FPTD works with academic and industry partners to develop technological innovations in the fields of food processing and safety, air quality monitoring, and agricultural technology.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foodtech.gatech.edu/about-fptd.html|title=Who We Are|publisher=GTRI Food Processing Technology Division|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Foundations for the Future (F3)
| F3 provides vendor-neutral technology advising and customized professional development experiences for educators.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f3program.org/|title=Foundations for the Future|publisher=Foundations for the Future|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref>
|-
| Georgia Small Business Safety and Health Consultation Program
| This program provides free health and safety consultations performed by GTRI scientists and engineers to small business in the state of Georgia.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=IDRC/>
|-
| [[Organization:Georgia Tech Quantum Institute|Georgia Tech Quantum Institute]] (GTQI)
| GTQI focuses on both practical and hard science approaches to the emerging field of [[Quantum information science|quantum information science]].
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtqi.gatech.edu/about.shtml|title=Georgia Tech Quantum Institute|publisher=Georgia Tech Quantum Institute|accessdate=2008-11-17|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011094618/http://www.gtqi.gatech.edu/about.shtml|archivedate=2008-10-11|df=}}</ref>
|-
| Historically Black Colleges and Universities Outreach Initiative
| This initiative fosters research collaborations between Georgia Tech faculty and faculty at historically black colleges and universities and provides resources for identifying research areas and faculty available for collaboration.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hbcumi.gatech.edu/|title=Historically Black Colleges & Universities/Minority Institute Outreach Initiative|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Interoperability & Integration Innovation Lab (I3L)
| I3L provides both physical and virtual collaboration space for health IT researchers and practitioners.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i3l.gatech.edu/i3l/|title=Welcome to the I3L|publisher=Interoperability & Integration Innovation Lab|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Landmarc Research Center
| Landmarc is a multi-discipline research and development center focused on mobile and wireless solutions.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/LandmarcResearchCenter/tabid/351/Default.aspx |title=Logistics and Maintenance Applied Research Center |publisher=GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory |accessdate=2010-04-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213045142/http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/LandmarcResearchCenter/tabid/351/Default.aspx |archivedate=December 13, 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| Materials Analysis Center (MAC)
| The MAC performs materials testing and analysis as well as chemical and materials processing on an "for fee" basis for a variety of academic, industry, and government research purposes.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mse.gatech.edu/research/equipment-facilities/gtri-materials-analysis-center|title=Materials Analysis Center|publisher=Georgia Tech School of Materials Science and Engineering|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Medical Device Test Center
| The Medical Device Test Center simulates real-world conditions of exposure to [[Physics:Electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic radiation]] by implanted and external medical devices in order to identify safety and compatibility issues.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/MedicalDeviceTesting/tabid/141/Default.aspx |title=Medical Device Test Center |publisher=GTRI Electro-Optical Systems Laboratory |accessdate=2014-09-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210091757/http://eosl.gtri.gatech.edu/Capabilities/CentersofExcellence/MedicalDeviceTesting/tabid/141/Default.aspx |archivedate=February 10, 2012 }}</ref>
|-
| Military Sensing Information Analysis Center (SENSIAC)
| This center fosters communications within Military [[Engineering:Sensor|Sensing]] Technology community; creates standards; and collects, analyzes, synthesizes, maintains, and distributes critical information within the field.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sensiac.org/external/index.jsf|title=SENSIAC: Military Sensing Information Analysis Center|publisher=SENSIAC|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Modeling & Simulation Research & Education Center
| This center develops and supports modeling and simulation programs.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msrec.gatech.edu/|title=Modeling & Simulation Research & Education Center|publisher=Modeling & Simulation Research & Education Center|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Office of Policy Analysis and Research (OPAR)
| OPAR integrates public policy considerations into GTRI's technical research and facilitates GTRI's input into the science and technology policy debate
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opar.gtri.gatech.edu/|publisher=GTRI Information and Communications Laboratory|title=Office of Policy Analysis and Research|accessdate=2008-11-17|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719073811/http://www.opar.gtri.gatech.edu/|archivedate=2012-07-19|df=}}</ref>
|-
| OSHA Training Institute Education Center
| The OSHA Training Institute Education Center offers courses and certifications in health and safety, including hazardous materials handing, emergency response, and industrial hygiene.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pe.gatech.edu/occupational-safety-health-training|title=Occupational Safety & Health Training|publisher=Georgia Tech Professional Education|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Phosphor Technology Center of Excellence (PTCOE)
| PTCOE develops [[Physics:Phosphor|phosphor]] technologies, including improving low-voltage thin-film [[Physics:Electroluminescence|electroluminescence]] displays, [[Physics:Field electron emission|field emission]] display films and thin-film [[Engineering:Cathode ray tube|cathode ray tube]] films.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ptcoe.gatech.edu/|title=Phosphor Technology Center of Excellence|publisher=Phosphor Technology Center of Excellence|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Severe Storms Research Center (SSRC)
| SSRC organizes and coordinates the state's severe [[Earth:Weather forecasting|weather forecasting]], serving as a focal point for severe storm research in Georgia.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/centers/ssrc|title=Severe Storms Research Center|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/casestudy/twister-technology|title=The Severe Storms Research Center: Developing New Technologies to Increase Tornado Warning Time|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Southeast Center for Young Worker Safety and Health
| The Center for Young Worker Safety and Health offers training and educational resources specifically for workers under the age of 25 to promote safety and health in the work environment.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youngworker.gatech.edu/about|title=About Us|publisher=Center for Young Worker Safety and Health|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|-
| Test & Evaluation Research and Education Center (TEREC)
| TEREC serves as a focal point for solving the problems of the Test and Evaluation Community.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terec.gatech.edu/|title=TEREC - Test & Evaluation Research and Education Center|publisher=Test & Evaluation Research and Education Center|accessdate=2010-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| Unmanned and Autonomous Systems Group
| The Unmanned and Autonomous Systems Group performs research ranging from basic and exploratory to prototype development of unmanned systems for a variety of applications, including military, agriculture, industrial, and social.
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gtri.gatech.edu/atas/unmanned-systems|title=Unmanned Systems|publisher=Georgia Tech Research Institute|accessdate=2014-09-26}}</ref>
|}

==See also==

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Works cited==
* {{cite book|first=Robert C.|last=McMath|author2=Ronald H. Bayor |author3=James E. Brittain |author4=Lawrence Foster |author5=August W. Giebelhaus |author6=Germaine M. Reed |title=Engineering the New South: Georgia Tech 1885–1985|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens, GA|isbn=0-8203-0784-X|year=1985|ref=McM}}
* {{cite book|first=Robert|last=Wallace|title=Dress Her in WHITE and GOLD: A biography of Georgia Tech|publisher=Georgia Tech Foundation|location=Atlanta, Georgia|year=1969|ref=Wal}}

== External links ==

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{{Sourceattribution|Georgia Tech Research Institute|1}}