View source for Organization:Helene Fuld College of Nursing

{{Infobox university
| name                  = Helene Fuld College of Nursing
| native_name           = 
| native_name_lang      = en
| other_name            = 
| image                 = Helene Fuld College of Nursing logo.png
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| former_names           = Helene Fuld School of Nursing (1964–1996), Helene Fuld School of Practical Nursing (1955–1964), Hospital for Joint Diseases School of Practical Nursing (1945–1955)
| motto                 = 
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| established           = 1945
| closed                = 
| type                  = Private
| affiliation           = 
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| officer_in_charge     =
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| chancellor            = 
| president             =  Joyce P. Griffin-Sobel, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN
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| academic_staff        = 30
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| students              = 
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| doctoral              = 
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| city                  = {{wipe|New York City}}
| state                 = New York
| province              = 
| country               = United States
| coordinates           = {{coord|40.80247|-73.94336|format=dms|type:edu_region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}
| campus                = [[Engineering:Urban area|Urban]], commuter
| language              = 
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| free                  = 
| colors                = Blue, Green, Purple, Black<br />{{color box|#00496B}}&nbsp;{{color box|#006857}}&nbsp;{{color box|#62116B}}&nbsp;{{color box|black}}
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| website               = {{url|http://www.helenefuld.edu}}
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}}

'''Helene Fuld College of Nursing''' is a private nursing school in Manhattan, {{wipe|New York City}}.  The college offers [[Social:Associate degree|associate]] and comprehensive baccalaureate science degrees to [[Medicine:Licensed practical nurse|Licensed Practical Nurses]], Registered Nurses, and individuals who are not already nurses. The college is located in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in the Mount Morris Park Historic District across from Marcus Garvey Park. It was founded {{number to word|{{age|1945|09|01}}}} years ago in 1945.<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 2008 Dec" />

== Admissions and curriculum ==
The college offers three programs:
# A program for [[Medicine:Licensed practical nurse|licensed practical nurse]]s who want to earn a degree with a major in nursing at the [[Social:Registered nurse|registered nurse]] level.
# A program for registered nurses with associate degrees who want to earn a baccalaureate degree with a major in nursing.
# A program for individuals with no prior nursing degree who want to earn a baccalaureate degree with a major in nursing.

== Enrollment ==
As of 2019, there were approximately 600 full- and part-time students enrolled in the associate degree and baccalaureate programs.

== Honors program ==
The Honors Program — now in its {{number to word|{{age|2009|02|01}}|ord=on}}<!--subtract a year for nominal--> year (founded in February 2010) — was established to enhance academic enrichment for exceptional students in the LPN to RN Associate degree program — and to officially recognize and support their collegiate achievements. Honorees are selected bi-annually — in February and August. All candidates must have a minimum of a 3.75 GPA (out of 4) at the end of the first quarter to qualify, must receive commendable faculty reviews, and must maintain a 3.5 GPA overall until graduation to continue in the honors program.

== Academic calendar ==
The Helene Fuld College of Nursing follows the quarter system.

== Charter, accreditation, and affiliations ==
=== Charter and registration ===
* The college holds a permanent charter from the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York authorizing it to grant [[Social:Associate degree|Associate]] in Applied Science and Bachelor of Science degrees.
* The college is registered by the New York State Education Department, Office of the Professions, located in Albany at the State Education Building.

=== Accreditation ===
* The college is accredited by the [[Organization:Middle States Commission on Higher Education|Middle States Commission on Higher Education]]  (MSCHE)
* The associate degree nursing program is accredited by the [[Organization:National League for Nursing#Accrediting commission|Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, Inc.]] (ACEN)<ref name="ACEN-site" />
* The upper division baccalaureate program ([[Social:Registered nurse|RN]] to BS) is accredited by the [[Organization:Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education|Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education]] (CCNE)

=== Regional affiliations ===
* Member, Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities in New York
* Member, Council for associate degree Nursing in New York State, Inc.
* Member, New York Metropolitan Reference and Research Library Agency, founded in 1966

=== National affiliations ===
* Member, [[Organization:National League for Nursing|National League for Nursing]]

== Facilities ==
=== College building ===
The college, since 1992, and as of 2017, occupies {{convert|34000|sqft}} on the third and fourth floors of a wing owned by Bethel Gospel Assembly Church, an evangelical church.  The college is not affiliated with the church.  The classroom facilities, reportedly, are well equipped.  But the building – particularly the entrance – has a {{lang|en|no-frills}}, {{lang|en|unassuming}}, [[Philosophy:Utilitarianism|utilitarian]] appearance.  As was the case with North General Hospital, the decision to remain in the neighborhood represents a civic commitment to Harlem.

== Rankings ==
* 2016: Ranked 1st in the United States among 821 Community Colleges by WalletHub. The ranking compared 821 community colleges in the United States. The criteria was based on data that included costs (including tuition), graduation rate, and quality of post-graduate jobs.<ref name="WalletHub 2016 Aug 22" /><ref name="CUNY-TV 2016 Nov 15" />
* 2017: Ranked 1st in [http://www.payscale.com/college-salary-report/2-year-colleges "Best Community & Career Colleges by Salary Potential"] in the "College Salary Report – 2017-18 Full List of 2-Year Schools," by PayScale
* 2018: Ranked 1st in [http://www.zippia.com/advice/these-are-colleges-with-highest-earning-graduates-state-2018/ "These are the Small Colleges with the Highest Earning Graduates by State"] by Zippia

== History ==
=== Constituent school of the Hospital for Joint Diseases ===
A school of nursing was founded October 15, 1945, by New York City's Hospital for Joint Diseases, offering a one-year curriculum leading to becoming a Licensed Practical Nurse. Its inaugural class graduated October 29, 1946. By 1950, the program was named "'''Hospital for Joint Diseases School of Practical Nursing'''".

The school, in 1955, received a grant from the Helene Fuld Health Foundation and was subsequently named the "'''Helene Fuld School of Practical Nursing'''".

In 1964, under the leadership of Justine Hannan, RN, Director of Nursing Services and Nursing Education, the school launched the first program in the country to offer [[Medicine:Licensed practical nurse|licensed practical nurse]]s an accredited curriculum in higher education leading to a degree as a [[Social:Registered nurse|Registered nurse]]. In 1973, Mary Ahl-Heugel ''(née'' Mary Ellen Ahl; born 1918), PhD, RN, became Director of Nursing Education. In 1976, the school received a permanent charter from New York State with the authority to confer the associate degrees in Applied Science with a nursing concentration, becoming one of the first hospital-based schools in New York State to offer the associate degree.

In 1978, the school phased out its practical nurse program. The last class of about 300 in practical nursing graduated in October 1978.

In 1979 the Hospital for Joint Diseases relocated downtown on East 17th Street and a new, private, non-profit corporation named "Joint Diseases North General Hospital" became the new tenant at 1919 Madison Avenue location in East Harlem. Helene Fuld College of Nursing had been, since October 15, 1945, a New York State Registered Nursing School.

=== Constituent college of North General Hospital ===
In 1980, Margaret Wines, PhD, RN, became Dean. In 1981, the school's associate degree program became the first such hospital program to be accredited by the [[Organization:National League for Nursing|National League for Nursing]]. On October 27, 1987, the hospital was renamed North General Hospital.<ref name="NY-Dept-of-State" /> In 1988, the school became the first hospital-based nursing school to become accredited by the [[Organization:Middle States Commission on Higher Education|Middle States Commission on Higher Education]].

On December 12, 1991, North General Hospital moved into a newly built, modern facility at 1879 Madison Avenue, between 120th and 121st Streets, two blocks south of its old location.<ref name="NYTs 1991 Dec 12" Group=lower-roman /> In 1992, the Helene Fuld School of Nursing moved into its current location at 24 East 120th Street, New York.

In February 1996, with the permission of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, the name "'''Helene Fuld School of Nursing'''" was changed to "'''Helene Fuld College of Nursing'''", reflecting the depth and breadth its curricular programs in higher education.

=== Independent college ===
In July 2007, the college separated from North General hospital and amended its charter with the New York State Board of Regents as an independent not-for-profit college.<ref name="Chronicle-of-Higher-Ed 2007 Oct 12" group=lower-roman /> North General Hospital – its former parent institution – closed July 2, 2010, and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.<ref name="NYDailyNews 2010 Jun 28" group=lower-roman /> In 2012, Wendy Robinson, PhD, [[Social:Registered nurse|RN]], became president of the college and the New York State Education Department authorized the college to confer Bachelor of Science degrees for registered nurses.<ref name="FuldCollegeAnnualReport 2014" />

=== Colors ===
The college uses blue, green, purple, and black in its publications.  Moreover, the interior design color palette of the college's main reception area uses those colors. With the exception of black, nurses commonly wear [[Medicine:Scrubs (clothing)|scrubs]] in those colors. Since 2010, there has been a growing trend for hospitals and health care organizations to assign scrub color codes to help identify healthcare professional by discipline or department. Color coded uniforms, however, have been widely criticized by healthcare workers for various reasons, one being that it cultivates a [[Social:Caste|caste]] mentality in an environment that requires teamwork across all disciplines.  In any event, the colors at the college do not represent a particular discipline or academic level.

== Notable people ==

===Hospital executives===
*Abraham Rosenberg (1900–1976) was appointed Executive Director of '''Hospital for Joint Diseases''' in 1952; he had been associated with the hospital since 1929.
*Eugene Louis McCabe (1937–1998), a healthcare activist, was Founding President and CEO of '''North General Hospital''' until his death. With philanthropist Randolph Guggenheimer, McCabe was co-founder of North General Hospital. McCabe was married to, divorced from, but remained close friends with Jewell Jackson McCabe, feminist, business executive, and social and political activist. When Gene McCabe died, he was married to Elsie, ''(née'' Elsie Alberta Crum), who, in 2009, married New York City Comptroller Bill Thompson. Before marrying McCabe, Elsie had been divorced from Roger Ellington Coy, whom she married in 1990.
*Harold Page Freeman, MD, was named President and CEO '''North General Hospital''' in 1999.<ref name="NYTs 1999 Jul 1" group=lower-roman /> He was the former President of the American Cancer Society and, before being appointed, was Chief of Surgery at NGH.
*Samuel J. Daniel, MD ''(né'' Samuel Jeremiah Daniel; born 1950), was President and CEO '''North General Hospital''' from 2001 to 2010.<ref name="P&S Journal 2004 Spr-Sum" /> Daniel is married to Cheryl Joan McKissack (maiden; born 1961), granddaughter of Moses McKissack III (1879–1952).  Moses III and his brother, Calvin Lunsford McKissack (1890–1968) co-founded in 1905 the family architectural and engineering firm, McKissack & McKissack, the first African-American-owned architectural firm in the United States and currently the oldest African American-owned architecture and engineering firm in the country

===College directors, deans, presidents===
*Bernice ("Bernie") Burnside Huffman ''(née'' Evangeline Bernice Burnside; 1900–1979), in 1945, was appointed Superintendent of Nurses at HJD, replacing "Delia" G. Dowling ''(née'' Bridget G. Dowling; 1881–1966), who retired after having served as Superintendent of Nurses at HJD for 21 years.<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 1945 Dec" /> In 1946, Huffman became the Founding Director of the School of Nursing at HJD.

:Huffman had earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Illinois (Physical Education) in 1923<ref name="Illo 1924" /><ref name="Univ-Ill-CommenceProgram 1923" /> and a Graduate Nurse degree from the School of Nursing at [[Organization:Washington University in St. Louis|Washington University in St. Louis]] in 1936.<ref name="St_Louis_Post-Dispatch 1936 Jun 7" group=lower-roman /> In 1940, Huffman was appointed Superintendent of Nurses at the Ellis Fischel Cancer Center in Columbia, Missouri. During [[Social:World War II|World War II]], around 1943, Huffman had been a representative and recruiter for the Cadet Nurse Corps.<ref name="St_Louis_Post-Dispatch 1940 Mar 17" group=lower-roman /><ref name="NebraskaStateJournal 1943 Oct 31" group=lower-roman />  From October 1943 through December 1943, Huffman served on the field staff of the Nursing Council on National Defense, an organization that ran from 1940 to 1951, with an objective to analyze the country's needs for the education, procurement, and distribution of professional nursing and auxiliary nursing services in relation to national defense. Surveys by the National Nursing Council revealed there was an acute shortage of nurses, nationwide. On January 5, 1944, Huffman became a vocational assistant in the hospital and nursing school fields at Nurse Placement Service, based in {{wipe|Chicago}}.  The Nurse Placement Service was a not-for-profit organization established in 1931 by the Midwest Division of the American Nurses Association.

:Huffman grew up in Abingdon, Illinois.  She married Lester Morton Huffman (1899–1988) around 1927 and divorced him sometime before 1935.  In 1949, she married Wilbur John Schult (1901–1979) in Manhattan and remained married to him until her death.  Her obituary in the ''Fort Lauderdale News'' stated that she had founded of the first school of practical nursing in the nation.<ref name="Ft-Lauderdale-News 1979 Jan 18" group=lower-roman />

*Kathryn "Kate" Goodman Frentzos ''(née'' Kathryn Shaw Goodman; 1912–2015), [[Social:Registered nurse|RN]], BSN, Major ANCR Retired.  Goodman had served in the United States Army Nurse Corps until 1946. After receiving an honorable discharge, she became Assistant Director of Nursing and Assistant Director of the School for Practical Nursing at HJD.  In 1950 Goodman was promoted to Director of Nursing and Director of the School for Practical Nursing at HJD.  Goodman married Charles Xavier Frentzos on February 22, 1952.<ref name="PostStar 2015 Jun 2" group=lower-roman />
*Justine Hannan ''(née'' Justine Estella Hannan; 1914–1973) was Dean from 1955 until her death. The title "Dean" was interchanged with other titles, but the upshot was that Hannan was both the Director of Nursing at the Hospital and the Director of the School. Before joining HJD, Hannan had been a nurse and nurse instructor at Israel Zion Hospital in Brooklyn.  She subsequently served as Director of the Wyckoff Heights Hospital School of Nursing ([[Medicine:Licensed practical nurse|practical nursing]]) in the early 1950s.<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 1973 Mar" /> Hannan was born and raised in Ohio, graduating in 1932 from Fredericktown High School, then, graduating December 21, 1938, from [[Organization:Ohio State University|Ohio State University]] with a Bachelor of Science in Education with a Certificate of Graduate Nurse.<ref name="OSU-Trustee-Proceedings-Record 1938" /> Hannan also earned a Master of Arts degree from [[Organization:New York University|New York University]].  Hannan resigned December 1972 after 17 years serving as Director the Nursing Department and Nursing College for the Hospital for Joint Diseases.  She died one month later – on January 4, 1973.  She had been married to Eugene Rizzi.
*Mary Ahl-Heugel ''(née'' Mary Ellen Ahl; born 1918), PhD, RN, in 1973, became Director of Nursing Education. Around 1972, she married Andrew Anthony Heugel, PhD (1909–1999).
*Margaret ("Peggy") Wines ''(née'' Elder; 1936–2012) retired September 7, 2012 – after 31 years as head of the college.  Wines died {{Age in weeks|month1=09|day1=07|year1=2012|month2=11|day2=17|year2=2012}} weeks later, on November 17, 2012.<ref name="HFCN-Alumni-Newgram 2012 Dec" />  Her reign as head of the college is the longest in its history.  In her honor, the college named its library the Peggy Wines Memorial Library.
*Wendy Robinson (born 1955), PhD, [[Social:Registered nurse|RN]], FNP<ref name="NYDailyNews 2013 Apr 18" group=lower-roman /> was appointed President in September 2012 and departed from the position in May 2019. By the time of her departure, the college had become a four-year institution, had garnered multiple awards for its graduates the high earnings and for the strength of its programs, and began the accelerated generic baccalaureate track. Dr. Robinson was Vice President Academic Affairs from 2008 to 2012.  She began at the college as an instructor in 2002. 
*Joyce Griffin-Sobel (born 1953), PhD, [[Social:Registered nurse|RN]], CNE (certified nurse educator), FAAN was appointed President in May 2019. Dr. Griffin-Sobel was formerly the Dean of Nursing at Washington State University, and prior to that, was Dean of Nursing at SUNY Upstate Medical University. Dr. Griffin-Sobel has a distinguished academic administration record and is particularly noted for reestablishing academic quality to troubled colleges.  She is a Navy veteran.

===Trustees===
*Stephen C. Frauenthal (1939–2015), a math teacher, was a long-term Trustee of the Helene Fuld College of Nursing and the Hospital for Joint Diseases.  His paternal grandfather, Herman C. Frauenthal, MD (1866–1942), was a brother of Henry William Frauenthal, MD (1863–1927), who founded the Hospital for Joint Diseases in 1905.<ref name="100-Years 2005" />  Herman C. Frauenthal, MD, had been a physician at the Hospital for Joint Diseases.
*James C. Frauenthal, PhD (born 1944), had been a long-term Trustee of the Helene Fuld College of Nursing and the Hospital for Joint Diseases.  He is the brother of Stephen C. Frauenthal.

== Neighborhood ==
The immediate neighborhood, until about 1992, had been blighted.  This was the case with many neighborhoods and districts throughout the five boroughs.  In 1992, when North General Hospital moved into its new quarters two blocks south, Maple Plaza, an eight-story, 155-unit residential co-op, designated for affordable housing, was built in its place at 1919 Madison Avenue.<ref name="Journal-Housing-Comm-Dev 2002 Mar-Apr" />  Maple Plaza was developed in the 1990s under a plan by the city and North General Hospital to revive the area around the hospital.  Eugene Louis McCabe (1937–1998), President and CEO of North General Hospital from its inception in 1979 until his death in 1998, was a strong advocate of developing Maple Plaza.  Maple Court, another similar project in the area with 135 units, was completed before Maple Plaza.  Since then, the area around Marcus Garvey Park has developed.  The neighborhood is no longer blighted.  While gentrification is typically criticized by civic leaders for making neighborhoods unaffordable – particularly to those who, for generations have thrived and lived there – the neighborhood surrounding Marcus Garvey Park, by design, offers a mix of affordable housing.  At the same time, adjusting to gentrification throughout Harlem is an ongoing concern of policy makers, citizens, civic leaders, and religious leaders.

Two blocks west of the college, in the Mount Morris Park Historic District, there has been considerable recent (since 2000) residential development and restoration.  The stretch of 122nd Street between Mount Morris Park West and Malcolm X Boulevard ''(aka'' Sixth Avenue and Lenox Avenue) is known as "Doctors' Row".<ref name="NYTs 1999 Feb 7" group=lower-roman />  As has been the case in many neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs, old, historic residential buildings, including brownstones, fell into disrepair.<ref name="ChicagoTrib 1998 Jun 21" group=lower-roman />  Until around 1999, on Mount Morris Park West, between 120 and 121st Streets, there was a row of brownstones, built around 1885, which, according to the ''{{wipe|New York Times}},'' were so deteriorated that they came known as "The "Ruins".  That row has been completely rebuilt into luxury condominiums that were initially priced for mixed income buyers.<ref name="NYTs 1999 Sep 22" group=lower-roman /> Revitalization since the 1990s has occurred in many neighborhoods, including the Mount Morris Park Historic District, notably brownstones, and in particular the brownstones at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 West 122nd Street, on the south side of the street, which date back to 1888 and 1889.  Those particular brownstones were designed by William Tuthill.  St. Martin's Episcopal Church, featuring a tower that houses the city's second largest [[Biology:Carillon|carillon]] (40 bells), is at 18 West 122nd Street – at the corner of Malcolm X Boulevard.  It is a New York City Designated Landmark.<ref name="Gregg-Nanda-Pacheco 2004" />

"Fifth on the Park," Harlem's first Upper East Side-style high-rise condominium tower is one block east from the college, at the southeast corner of 120th Street and Fifth Avenue – at 1485 Fifth Avenue.  Its architects are FxFowle.  The tower, 28 stories, 26 of which are residential, includes a 38,000 square foot (3,500 m<sup>2</sup>) church with a four-story, 1,800-seat sanctuary for the Bethel Gospel Assembly, who sold the development rights for a full block.  There are 194 residences, of which 47 are church-owned affordable rental apartments, and 147 are market-rate condominiums.  The spa includes a 55-foot (16.76 m) lap pool.<ref name="NYTs 2007 Mar 11" group=lower-roman />

== Other schools by the same name ==
* The '''Helene Fuld School of Nursing''' in Trenton, New Jersey, was founded in 1895 as "Training School for Nurses" at Trenton City Hospital.  The hospital and school changed their names in 1902 to William McKinley Memorial Hospital and William McKinley Memorial Hospital School of Nursing. In 1951 school changed its name to Helene Fuld School of Nursing, honoring the mother of its benefactor, Leonhard Felix Fuld – the same benefactor as the Helene College of Nursing in New York City.  The Trenton school closed in 2011, citing, among other things, changes in nursing education.<ref name="Patch 2011 Dec 17" group=lower-roman />  The Trenton school was not related to the New York school.
* [[Organization:Coppin State University|Coppin State University]], College of Health Professions, '''Helene Fuld School of Nursing''' in Baltimore was founded in 1973 and, as of 2017, offers baccalaureate degrees for [[Social:Registered nurse|RN]], BSN, accelerated BSN, and a graduate program that began in fall 1999. The School offers a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) and a post-masters certification track with a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) role concentration. From 1963 to 1973, it was known as the Helene Fuld School of Nursing at Provident Hospital.  At its founding in 1895, it was named the Provident Hospital Training School of Nursing.  Luci V. Ashton (1870–1948),<ref name="Luci-Ashton-bio" group=lower-alpha /> who graduated from Freedmen's Hospital Training School for Nurses in 1895, served as the school's first director for a year and a half before becoming Superintendent of Nurses at Douglass Hospital in Kansas City, Kansas.  The Baltimore school is not related to the New York School.

== Notable alumni ==
* 1962: Dorothy A. Campbell, RN (retired) ''(née'' Dorothy Anne Patterson; born 1938), graduated from the Fuld College of Nursing in 1962.  She is a poet and author.  Her books include:
# ''Pearl – A Journey of a Lifetime,’’ (2014)<ref name="Campbell 2014" />
# ''It Happened in Manhattan'' (2017), an autobiography wherein Campbell reflects upon, among other things, her experiences attending the Helene Fuld School of Nursing.<ref name="Campbell 2017" />

== Notes and references ==
=== General ===
{{ref begin|100em}}
* Leonhard Felix Fuld archives at the Helene Fuld School of Nursing, Trenton; {{oclc|39184568}}
:: Also at [[Organization:University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania]], [http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/ead/ead.html?id=EAD_upenn_bates_PUNMC170 Leonhard Felix Fuld archives]

* [https://archive.org/details/cunytv_BUNY12010/BUNY12010.iso?start=1325.000 "Fruenthal Family History, Starting in 1849, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with Samuel and Henry Frauenthal, owners of S. Frauenthal Boots & Shoes"] (video); interviewee: James C. Frauenthal, Trustee of the Helene Fuld College of Nursing; interviewer: Michael Roy Stoler (born 1947); ''Building New York: New York Stories'', (BUNY12010), CUNY TV, taped November 15, 2016 ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-P_NrHSMUw&t=22m43s alternate link] ''via'' [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]])

{{ref end}}

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|100em|refs=

<ref name="Luci-Ashton-bio">Luci V. Ashton ''(née'' Lucinda V. Ashton; 1870–1948) had been married to and divorced from the Rev. Reginald Grant Barrow (1889–1980).  His son (and her stepson), Errol Walton Barrow (1920–1987) became the first Prime Minister of Barbados in 1961.  His daughter (and her stepdaughter), Ruth Nita Barrow became the first and, as of 2017, only female Governor-General of Barbados. ''([https://books.google.com/books?id=NLPrMMKmynwC&pg=PA35 Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary],'' by Serafín Mendez Mendez, Gail Cueto, Neysa Rodríguez Deynes, Greenwood Press, 2003, pps. 36–41; {{oclc|70916055}})</ref>

}}

=== Books, magazines, journals, and videos ===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="WalletHub 2016 Aug 22">[https://wallethub.com/edu/best-worst-community-colleges/15076/#main-findings "2016’s Best & Worst Community Colleges"], Richie Bernardo, Senior Writer, WalletHub, August 22, 2016 (retrieved August 15, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="NY-Dept-of-State">New York State Department of State, Division of Corporations, State Records & UCC<div style="margin-left:2em">Entity:<br />Name: North General Hospital<br />Name ID: C0D447F927820350<br />Corp. ID: 29D18B96406B6F67</div>(retrieved August 16, 2017, ''via'' "Search entities" at {{url|https://appext20.dos.ny.gov/corp_public}})</ref>

<ref name="ACEN-site">[http://www.acenursing.org/ Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, Inc.] (official website)</ref>

<ref name="FuldCollegeAnnualReport 2014">[https://www.helenefuld.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/HFCN_Annual_Report_2014.pdf "2014 Annual Report – Celebrating 70 Years: 1945–2015"], Helene Fuld College of Nursing (2014)</ref>

<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 1945 Dec">{{cite journal |title=News about Nursing |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |date=1945 |volume=45 |issue=12 |pages=1064–1088 |jstor=3417027 }}</ref>

<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 1973 Mar">"Obituaries: Justine Hannan Rizzi" p. 534 in: {{cite journal |title=News |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |date=1973 |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=393–546 |jstor=3422697 }}</ref>

<ref name="AmericanJournalofNursing 2008 Dec">{{cite journal |last1=Wielawski |first1=Irene M. |title=In Our Community: Advancing Careers and Lives |journal=The American Journal of Nursing |date=2008 |volume=108 |issue=12 |pages=86–87 |doi=10.1097/01.NAJ.0000342078.30783.c3 |jstor=40385094 |pmid=19033923 }}<div style="margin-left:2em">Note: Wielawski is married to journalist Thomas S. Mulligan (born 1951); her father, Joseph Wielawski ''(né'' Józef S.L. Wielawski; 1905–1968), MD, was a physician in psychiatry</div></ref>

<ref name="OSU-Trustee-Proceedings-Record 1938">{{cite document |title=Record of Proceedings of the Board of Trustees of The Ohio State University, Columbus, July 1, 1938 to June 30, 1939 |date=1939 |hdl=1811/61220 |hdl-access=free |oclc=919515833 }}</ref>

<ref name="Illo 1924">[https://archive.org/stream/illio192430univ#page/38/mode/1up "Evangeline Bernice Burnside"], ''The 1924 Illo'' (yearbook), University of Illinois (1924), p. 38</ref>

<ref name="Univ-Ill-CommenceProgram 1923">[https://archive.org/stream/commencement1629univ#page/n227/mode/1up "Evangeline Bernice Burnside"], ''University of Illinois, 1923 Commencement Program'' (1923)</ref>

<ref name="Campbell 2014">''Pearl – A Journey of a Lifetime'', by Dorothy A. Campbell, Staten Island: Page Publishing, Inc. (self publishing firm) (2014); {{oclc|870844086}}</ref><ref name="Campbell 2017">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xfi1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT181&dq=%22fuld+college+of+nursing%22 It Happened in Manhattan],'' by Dorothy A. Campbell, Staten Island: Page Publishing, Inc. (self publishing firm) (2017); {{oclc|989793495}}; {{ISBN|978-1-68409-872-9}}</ref>

<ref name="HFCN-Alumni-Newgram 2012 Dec">[https://www.helenefuld.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2012-Newsletter-5.pdf "Saying Goodbye to Dr. Margaret (Peggy) Wines"], ''Alumni Newsgram'', Helene Fuld College of Nursing, Vol. 28, No. 5, December 2012</ref>

<ref name="100-Years 2005">''[https://med.nyu.edu/orthosurgery/sites/default/files/orthosurgery/hjd_history_2.pdf Hospital for Joint Diseases, 1905–2005: One Hundred Years of Excellence],'' by Baynon McDowell, William S. Green, Joseph D. Zuckerman, MD; assisted by Frank J. Martucci, Elliot Friedman, Hugh M. Nachamie, published by NYU–Hospital for Joint Diseases (2005); {{oclc|63532470}}</ref>

<ref name="Journal-Housing-Comm-Dev 2002 Mar-Apr">{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|230143105}} |title=Revitalizing Harlem |journal=Journal of Housing and Community Development |volume=59 |issue=2 |year=2002 |page=13 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gregg-Nanda-Pacheco 2004">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=eba5dCAHZrYC&pg=PA95&dq=%2218+w+122nd+st%22 40 Perfect New York Days: Walks and Rambles In and Around the City – Walks and Rambles In and Around the City],'' by Joan Gregg, Serena Nanda, Beth Pacheco, iUniverse Star (2004); {{oclc|60573286}}</ref>

<ref name="P&S Journal 2004 Spr-Sum">[http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/psjournal/archive/spring-summer-2004/alumni.html "Alumni Profile – Samuel Daniel: At the Helm of Harlem's North General Hospital,"] by Peter Wortsman, ''P&S Journal'' (now ''Columbia Medicine)'', Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Vol. 24, No. 2, Spring/Summer 2004; {{issn|1074-1585}}, {{issn|2159-2225}}</ref>

<ref name="CUNY-TV 2016 Nov 15">[https://archive.org/details/cunytv_BUNY12010/BUNY12010.iso?start=1325.000 "Fruenthal Family History, Starting in 1849, in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with Samuel and Henry Frauenthal, owners of S. Frauenthal Boots & Shoes"] (video), interviewee: James C. Frauenthal, Trustee of the Helene Fuld College of Nursing, interviewer: Michael Roy Stoler (born 1947), ''Building New York: New York Stories'', (BUNY12010), CUNY TV, taped November 15, 2016 ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-P_NrHSMUw alternate link] ''via'' [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]])</ref>

}}

=== Newspapers ===
{{Reflist|group=lower-roman|30em|refs=

<ref name="NYDailyNews 2010 Jun 28">[http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/north-general-hospital-harlem-close-july-2-file-bankruptcy-shocking-patients-workers-article-1.185129#ixzz0sBZZ3Vy9 "North General Hospital in Harlem to Close July 2, File for Bankruptcy, Shocking Patients and Workers"], by Sam Levin and Corky Siemaszko, ''New York Daily News'', June 28, 2010 (retrieved August 15, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="NYDailyNews 2013 Apr 18">[http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/healthy-future-harlem-nursing-school-article-1.1321223 "Helene Fuld College of Nursing Has new President with Healthy Vision for the Small Harlem School"], by Douglas Feiden, ''New York Daily News'', April 18, 2013 (retrieved August 15, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="Chronicle-of-Higher-Ed 2007 Oct 12">{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|214664135}} |last1=June |first1=Audrey Williams |title=Nursing School Goes Out on Its Own |journal=The Chronicle of Higher Education |volume=54 |issue=7 |date=12 October 2007 |page=A28 }}</ref>

<ref name="St_Louis_Post-Dispatch 1936 Jun 7">"Washington U. to Confer 708 Diplomas at 75th Annual Commencement on Tuesday", ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', June 7, 1936, p. 12, col. 5 (bottom), "Bernice Burnside Huffman" (retrieved August 24, 2017, ''via'' {{url|https://www.newspapers.com/image/138964684}})</ref>

<ref name="St_Louis_Post-Dispatch 1940 Mar 17">"Staff Heads Named for New Cancer Hospital", ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', March 17, 1940, p. 2H (retrieved August 24, 2017, ''via'' {{url|https://www.newspapers.com/image/139062300}})</ref>

<ref name="NebraskaStateJournal 1943 Oct 31">"Girls Interested in Nursing to Hear Executive", ''Nebraska State Journal'', October 31, 1943, p. 19 (retrieved August 24, 2017, ''via'' {{url|https://www.newspapers.com/image/42127040}})</ref>

<ref name="Patch 2011 Dec 17">[https://patch.com/new-jersey/gloucestertownship/final-nursing-class-graduates-at-helene-fuld-school-o18acae6238 "Final Nursing Class Graduates as Helene Fuld School of Nursing Closes"], Trish Adkins, ''Gloucester Township Patch'' (Patch Media), December 17, 2011</ref>

<ref name="Ft-Lauderdale-News 1979 Jan 18">"Deaths – Bernice E. Schult", ''Fort Lauderdale News'', January 18, 1979, p. 24 (retrieved August 28, 2017, ''via'' {{url|https://www.newspapers.com/image/233283762}})</ref>

<ref name="PostStar 2015 Jun 2">[http://poststar.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/kathryn-kate-goodman-frentzos/article_021d8614-0997-11e5-8370-8730c4edf6d5.html "Kathryn 'Kate' Goodman Frentzos"], ''Post Star'', June 2, 2015 (retrieved August 28, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="ChicagoTrib 1998 Jun 21">"'Ruins' Reclaimed – Restorers Anticipate Revival of Once Tony Brownstones," by Tracie Rozhon, New York Times Service, ''Chicago Tribune'', June 21, 1998</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1991 Dec 12">[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/12/nyregion/at-north-general-moving-a-whole-hospital-one-patient-at-a-time.html?mcubz=0 "At North General, Moving a Whole Hospital, One Patient at a Time"], by Lisa Belkin, ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'', December 12, 1991</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1999 Feb 7">[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/07/nyregion/can-harlem-s-heritage-be-saved-many-jewels-its-vibrant-past-are-gone-now-some.html "Can Harlem's Heritage Be Saved? Many Jewels of Its Vibrant Past Are Gone. Now Some Residents Are Fighting to Landmark the Rest,"] by Nina Siegal, ''{{wipe|New York Times}}'', February 7, 1999</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1999 Jul 1">[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/01/nyregion/public-lives-a-cancer-fighter-keeps-fighting-injustice.html "Public Lives; A Cancer Fighter Keeps Fighting Injustice,"] by Joyce Wadler, ''{{wipe|New York Times}}'', July 1, 1999 (retrieved August 17, 2017)</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 1999 Sep 22">[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/22/nyregion/harlem-homeowners-exult-at-neighborhood-prison-s-closing.html?mcubz=1 "Harlem Homeowners Exult at Neighborhood Prison's Closing,"] by Amy Waldman, ''{{wipe|New York Times}}'', September 22, 1999</ref>

<ref name="NYTs 2007 Mar 11">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE5D81231F932A25750C0A9619C8B63 "Big Deal: Harlem's Newest Beacon,"] by Josh Barbanel, ''{{wipe|New York Times}}'', March 11, 2007</ref>

}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuld College of Nursing, Helene}}
[[Category:Private universities and colleges in New York (state)|Helen Fuld]]

{{Sourceattribution|Helene Fuld College of Nursing|1}}