View source for Organization:International Council on Monuments and Sites

{{Short description|Cultural heritage organization}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                = International Council on Monuments and Sites
| logo                = Icomos-logo-en.svg
| logo_size           = 250px
| motto               = 
| type                = Professional Body
| founded             = {{Start date and age|1965}}
| location            = [[Place:Paris|Paris]], {{wipe|France}}
| key_people          = Teresa Patricio (President); Jurn Buisman (Secretary General); Cyrill von Planta (Treasurer General)
| fields              = 
| services            = Conservation and protection of [[Social:Cultural heritage|cultural heritage]] places around the world
| homepage            = {{URL|http://www.icomos.org/}}
}}
The '''International Council on Monuments and Sites''' ('''ICOMOS'''; {{lang-fr|links=no|Conseil international des monuments et des sites}}) is a professional association that works for the [[Social:Conservation and restoration of cultural property|conservation and protection of cultural heritage]] places around the world. Now headquartered in Charenton-le-Pont, France, ICOMOS was founded in 1965 in [[Place:Warsaw|Warsaw]] as a result of the [[Social:Venice Charter|Venice Charter]] of 1964 and offers advice to [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] on World Heritage Sites.

The idea behind ICOMOS dates to the Athens Conference on the restoration of historic buildings in 1931, organized by the International Museums Office. The Athens Charter of 1931 introduced the concept of international heritage. In 1964, the Second Congress of Architects and Specialists of Historic Buildings, meeting in Venice, adopted 13 resolutions. The first created the International Charter on the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, better known as [[Social:Venice Charter|Venice Charter]]; the second, put forward by [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]], created ICOMOS to carry out this charter.

ICOMOS currently has over 10,100 individual members in 153 countries, 110 national committees, and 28 international scientific committees.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Introducing ICOMOS – International Council on Monuments and Sites|url = https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/mission-and-vision/mission-and-vision |website = www.icomos.org|access-date = 2019-01-06}}</ref> With rare exceptions, each member must be qualified in the field of conservation and a practicing landscape architect, architect, archaeologist, anthropologist, town planner, engineer, administrator of heritage, historian, art historian, palaeontologist or archivist.

ICOMOS is a partner and founding member of the Blue Shield, which works to protect the world's cultural heritage threatened by war and natural disasters.

==ICOMOS structure==
ICOMOS is composed of its national committees (NCs), to which individuals and institutions apply for membership. In addition to the national committees, ICOMOS has a series of international scientific committees (ISCs), in which experts in a certain field of activity within the context of heritage conservation exchange views and debate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.international.icomos.org/publications/EN_Statuts_1978_20110301.pdf |title=ICOMOS Statutes, adopted by the Vth General Assembly on 22 May 1978 in Moscow |access-date=2013-12-22}}</ref>

The organization is headed by a president, five vice-presidents, a secretary-general and a treasurer all directly elected by the general assembly of the organization. 12 additional members are also elected by the [http://www.international.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-about-the-general-assembly General Assembly] into the [http://www.international.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-about-the-executive-committee Executive Committee] and five further members are co-opted into the executive board in order to represent regions of the world or areas of expertise that were not part of the executive committee following the elections. ''Ex officio'' members of the executive committee are the president of the [http://www.international.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-on-the-advisory-committee advisory committee] and the previous presidents of ICOMOS, who attend in advisory capacity. The executive committee is the executive body of ICOMOS.

The [http://www.international.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-on-the-advisory-committee advisory committee] is composed of the chairpersons of the national committees, the chairpersons of the international scientific committees and the president of ICOMOS as an ''ex officio'' member.<ref>Article 12, ICOMOS Statutes, adopted by the Vth General Assembly on 22 May 1978 in Moscow</ref> The advisory committee was given the task to advise and make recommendations to the General Assembly and the Executive Committee on matters which concern policy and programme priorities.

===National committees===
National committees are subsidiary organizations created in the countries which are members of UNESCO. They bring together individual and institutional members and offer them a framework for discussion and an exchange of information. Each national committee adopts its own rules of procedure and elaborates its own program according to the goals and aims of ICOMOS. In 2021, ICOMOS has 107 national committees. ICOMOS website includes a [https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/committees/national-committees?start=5 list] regularly updated.

===International scientific committees===
International scientific committees (ISCs) are entities focus on specialised areas of heritage conservation and are made up of members of the organisation drawn from those specialist areas.  The scientific programmes of the organisation are coordinated by the "scientific council" made up of the presidents of the ISCs. Nowadays, ICOMOS has 28 ISCs. A [https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/committees/scientific-committees/list-and-goals-of-isc list] regularly updated is available on ICOMOS website.

=== Working groups ===
ICOMOS conducts a process of reflection on doctrine and good practice on current issues involving the conservation of cultural heritage. To this end, it sets up working groups made up of ICOMOS members who are heritage professionals: architects, archaeologists, professors and researchers, curators and scientists. The aim of these groups can be the drafting of a charter, the implementation of concrete activities (working sessions, workshops). There are currently 6 working groups, the [https://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/disseminating-knowledge/icomos-working-groups list] of which can be found on the ICOMOS website, in which experts reflect on a wide variety of subjects related to heritage conservation: indigenous heritage, sustainable development, Syria/Iraq, climate change and emerging professionals.

== ICOMOS International Secretariat ==

=== Documentation Center ===
Located at ICOMOS headquarters in Paris, it collects, analyses and disseminates information on all methods of heritage conservation, notably through its bibliographic database (14,000 references on the world's architectural heritage) and a large photo library containing more than 8,000 photographs. It is open for consultation to researchers, whether or not they are members of ICOMOS.

=== Publications ===
The regular publications of ICOMOS International are: ICOMOS News, a newsletter for members, which provides an update on the activities of the association (quarterly in French, English and Spanish); the ICOMOS Scientific Journal, published twice a year, is a thematic journal ;

The regular publications of the French Section of ICOMOS are: Le ''Bulletin d’information d’Icomos France''; ''Les Cahiers de la Section Française de l’ICOMOS'' ; ''Les Dossiers techniques'' ; ''Les Mémentos techniques'' ; ''les Bulletins'' (dossiers des colloques); ''Les Enquêtes de la section française''.

==ICOMOS charters and doctrinal texts==
In the tradition of the Athens and Venice Charters, ICOMOS has, in the years since its formation, developed and adopted a number of other charters and doctrinal texts which provide guidance to heritage conservation professionals in their work.  Most such documents are created by the international committees of the organisation and thereafter adopted by the triennial General Assembly. The texts each address a specific area of professional practice in the heritage conservation professions. Following the 17th ICOMOS General Assembly held in Paris in November 2011, the list of charters is as follows:<ref>[https://www.icomos.org/en/what-we-do/involvement-in-international-conventions/standards ICOMOS Charters and Other Doctrinal Texts]. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</ref>

* International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites ([[Social:Venice Charter|Venice Charter]]), 1964
*Historic Gardens (Florence Charter), 1981
* Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (Washington Charter), 1987
* Charter for the Protection and Management of Archaeological Heritage, 1990
* Charter on the Protection and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage, 1996
* International Cultural Tourism Charter – Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance, 1999
* Principles for the Preservation of Timber Structures, 1999
* Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage, 1999
* ICOMOS Charter –  Principles for the Analysis, Conservation and Structural Restoration of Architectural Heritage, 2003
* ICOMOS Principles for the Preservation and Conservation-Restoration of Wall Paintings, 2003
* ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Routes, 2008 <ref>{{cite web|title=Charter on Cultural Routes|url=https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/culturalroutes_e.pdf| access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref>
* ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites (also known as the 'Ename Charter'), 2008
* Joint ICOMOS – TICCIH Principles for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Sites, Structures, Areas and Landscapes, 2011
* The Valletta Principles for the Safeguarding and Management of Historic Cities, Towns and Urban Areas, 2011 (Supersedes the Washington Charter)
* ICOMOS-IFLA principles concerning rural landscapes as heritage, 2017
* Document on historic urban public parks, 2017
* Salalah guidelines for the management of public archaeological sites, 2017
* Principles for the conservation of wooden built heritage, 2017

In addition to the above there is a [https://www.icomos.org/en/resources/charters-and-texts list] of seventeen other doctrinal texts, resolutions and declarations, including the Nara Document on Authenticity. In November 1994, at the Nara Conference on Authenticity, ICOMOS published the [[Social:Nara Document on Authenticity|Nara Document on Authenticity]], which addresses the need for a broader understanding of cultural diversity and cultural heritage in conservation efforts involving cultural heritage sites.<ref>
{{cite web|title=Cultural Heritage Policy Documents: The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)|url=http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/research_resources/charters/charter55.html|access-date=13 June 2012|publisher=The Getty Conservation Institute}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|title=Nara Document on Authenticity, Experts meeting|url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/nara94.htm|access-date=13 June 2012|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

Many of the national committees of ICOMOS have adopted their own charters which set standards for heritage conservation practice at national level.<ref name="icmos">{{cite web|title=CHARTERS ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF ICOMOS|url=https://www.icomos.org/en/resources/charters-and-texts|access-date=21 December 2013|publisher=ICOMOS}}</ref>

==ICOMOS and the World Heritage Convention==
In 1972, ICOMOS was named by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention as one of the three formal advisory bodies to the World Heritage Committee, along with the [[Organization:International Union for Conservation of Nature|International Union for Conservation of Nature]] (IUCN) and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM). As the professional and scientific adviser to the committee on all aspects of the cultural heritage, ICOMOS is responsible for the evaluation of all nominations of cultural properties made to the World Heritage List with the criteria laid down by the [[Organization:World Heritage Committee|World Heritage Committee]]. In addition to the basic criterion of “outstanding universal value,” ICOMOS evaluates nominations for aspects related to authenticity, management, and conservation as specified in the World Heritage Convention.

The evaluation of nominations involves consultation between the wide-ranging expertise represented by the organization’s membership and its national and scientific committees. Members are also sent on expert missions to carry out on-site evaluations of nominated properties. This extensive consultation results in the preparation of detailed recommendations that are submitted to the World Heritage Committee at its annual meetings.

ICOMOS is also involved, through its International Secretariat and its national and scientific committees, in the preparation of reports on the state of conservation of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. It advises the [https://whc.unesco.org/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre] on requests for technical assistance received from states that are party to (i.e. have ratified) the World Heritage Convention. ICOMOS maintains a full archive of nominations and reports at the documentation centre at its Paris headquarters.

== Piero Gazzola award ==
The [https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/2016-11-17-13-14-08/honors-and-awards Gazzola Prize] was established in 1979 in memory of Piero Gazzola, one of the greatest defenders of the conservation and restoration of historic monuments and sites, and a founder of ICOMOS. The prize is awarded every three years at the General Assembly of ICOMOS to an individual or a group of people who have worked together and contributed with distinction to the aims and objectives of ICOMOS. The beneficiary must be a member of ICOMOS and is chosen by the Selection Committee itself elected by the ICOMOS Board. The Prize is a commemorative medal and diploma.<ref>{{cite book|title=Awards, honors & prizes: International and foreign|page=312|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbiKlgGo4NEC|volume=2|year=2001|publisher=Gale Group|isbn=978-0-7876-3405-6}}</ref>

===List of awardees===
* 1981 – Jean Trouvelot<ref name=crm/>
* 1984 – Stanislaw Lorentz<ref name=crm/>
* 1987 – Masuru Sekino<ref name="IJsewijnSacré2000">{{cite book|editor1-first=Dirk|editor1-last= Sacré|editor2-first=Gilbert|editor2-last=Tournoy|title=Myricae: Essays on Neo-Latin Literature in Memory of Josef IJsewijn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KzoxpR8XjEC&pg=PA98|year=2000|publisher=Leuven University|isbn=978-90-5867-054-0|page=98}}</ref>
* 1990 – Gertrud Tripp<ref name=crm/>
* 1993 – Bernard Feilden<ref name="RösslerCameron2013">{{cite book|last1=Rössler|first1=Mechtild |last2=Cameron|first2=Christina |title=Many Voices, One Vision: The Early Years of the World Heritage Convention|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAuiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT263|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-1-4094-8477-6}}</ref>
* 1996 – Ernest Allan Connally<ref name=crm>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/crmjournal/CRM/v19n9.pdf|volume=19|number=9|journal=Cultural Resource Management|title=Dr E.A. Connally honored by the International Preservation Community|page=44|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>
* 1999 – Roland Silva<ref name="RösslerCameron2013"/>
* 2002 – Cevat Erder<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.worldarchaeologicalcongress.org/site/enews/enews_7.pdf|journal=World Archaeological Congress E-Newsletter|publisher=World Archaeological Council|editor1-first=Regan|editor1-last=Madeleine|page=47|title=US/ICOMOS advises World's Top Heritage Preservation Prize Awarded In China|volume=7|date=2005|access-date=August 3, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130113859/http://www.worldarchaeologicalcongress.org/site/enews/enews_7.pdf|archive-date=November 30, 2011}}</ref>
* 2005 – Ann Webster Smith<ref>{{cite news|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}}|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/27/AR2006042702279.html|title=Ann W. Smith, 81; World-Renowned Preservationist|date=April 28, 2006}}</ref>
* 2008 – Carmen Añón Feliu<ref name="RösslerCameron2013"/>
* 2011 – Nobuo Ito<ref name="RösslerCameron2013"/>
* 2014 – Henry Cleere<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/calendar/articles/2014-15-news/20150127|title=Henry Cleere awarded prestigious Gazzola Prize|date=January 27, 2015|publisher=UCL Institute of Architecture|access-date=August 3, 2015}}</ref>
* 2017 – Saleh Lamei Mostafa<ref>[https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/2016-11-17-13-14-08/honors-and-awards ICOMOS Honors and Awards]. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</ref>
*2020 – Amund Sinding-Larsen<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=ICOMOS Honors and awards|url=https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/2016-11-17-13-14-08/honors-and-awards}}</ref>

== List of ICOMOS General Assemblies, Presidents and Secretaries General ==

{| class="wikitable" 
|+ ICOMOS General Assemblies, Presidents & Secretaries General<ref>[http://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-about-the-executive-committee/past-presidents ICOMOS Past Presidents]. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</ref> <ref>[http://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-about-the-general-assembly/list-of-general-assemblies ICOMOS General Assemblies]. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</ref> <ref>[https://www.icomos.org/en/about-icomos/governance/general-information-about-the-executive-committee ICOMOS Board]. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</ref>
! Nr. !! Time !! colspan="2"| General Assembly !! Term !! colspan="2"| President !! colspan="2"| Secretary General
|-
|21.
|2023
|[[Place:Sydney|Sydney]]
|
|2023–2026
|Teresa Patricio
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|Jurn Buisman
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}}
|- style="background:#f7f7d0"|-
|20.
|2020
|Online (due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
|
|2020–2023
|Teresa Patricio
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|Mario Santana
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|- style="background:#f7f7d0"
| ''19.'' || ''2017'' || [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]] || {{flagcountry|India}} 
| 2017–2020 || Toshiyuki Kono || {{flagcountry|Japan}} || Peter Phillips || {{flagcountry|Australia}}
|-
| 18. || 2014 || [[Place:Florence|Florence]] || {{flagcountry|Italy}} 
| 2014–2017 || Gustavo Araoz || {{flagcountry|USA}} || Kirsti Kovanen || {{flagcountry|Finland}}
|-
| 17. || 2011 || [[Place:Paris|Paris]] || {{flagcountry|France}}
| 2011–2014 || Gustavo Araoz || {{flagcountry|USA}} || Kirsti Kovanen || {{flagcountry|Finland}}
|-
| 16. || 2008 || Québec || {{flagcountry|Canada}}
| 2008–2011 || Gustavo Araoz || {{flagcountry|USA}} || Bénédicte Selfslagh || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 15. || 2005 || Xi'an || {{flagcountry|China}}
| 2005–2008 || Michael Petzet || {{flagcountry|Germany}} || Dinu Bumbaru || {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|-
| 14. || 2003 || Victoria Falls || {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe}}
| || || || || 
|-
| 13. || 2002 || [[Place:Madrid|Madrid]] || {{flagcountry|Spain}}
| 2002–2005 || Michael Petzet || {{flagcountry|Germany}} || Dinu Bumbaru || {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|-
| 12. || 1999 || [[Place:Mexico City|Mexico City]] || {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
| 1999–2002 || Michael Petzet || {{flagcountry|Germany}} || Jean-Louis Luxen || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 11. || 1996 || [[Place:Sofia|Sofia]] || {{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
| 1996–1999 || Roland Silva || {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}} || Jean-Louis Luxen || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 10. || 1993 || [[Place:Colombo|Colombo]] || {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}}
| 1993–1996 || Roland Silva || {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}} || Jean-Louis Luxen || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 9. || 1990 || [[Place:Lausanne|Lausanne]] || {{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
| 1990–1993 || Roland Silva || {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}} || Herb Stovel || {{flagcountry|Canada}}
|-
| 8. || 1987 || [[Place:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] || {{flagcountry|USA}}
| 1987–1990 || Roberto di Stefano || {{flagcountry|Italy}} || Helmut Stelzer || {{flagcountry|German Democratic Republic}}
|-
| 7. || 1984 || Rostock || {{flagcountry|German Democratic Republic}}
| 1984–1987 || Michel Parent || {{flagcountry|France}} || Abdelaziz Daoulatli || {{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|-
| 6. || 1981 || [[Place:Rome|Rome]] || {{flagcountry|Italy}}
| 1981–1984 || Michel Parent || {{flagcountry|France}} || Abdelaziz Daoulatli || {{flagcountry|Tunisia}}
|-
| 5. || 1978 || [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]] || {{flagcountry|USSR}}
| 1978–1981 || Raymond M. Lemaire || {{flagcountry|Belgium}} || Ernest Allen Connaly || {{flagcountry|USA}}
|-
| 4. || 1975 || Rothenburg ob der Tauber || {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| 1975–1978 || Raymond M. Lemaire || {{flagcountry|Belgium}} || Ernest Allen Connaly || {{flagcountry|USA}}
|-
| 3. || 1972 || [[Place:Budapest|Budapest]] || {{flagcountry|Hungary}}
| 1972–1975 || Piero Gazzola || {{flagcountry|Italy}} || Raymond M. Lemaire || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 2. || 1969 || Oxford || {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| 1969–1972 || Piero Gazzola || {{flagcountry|Italy}} || Raymond M. Lemaire || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|-
| 1. || 1965 || Kraków || {{flagcountry|Poland}}
| 1965–1969 || Piero Gazzola || {{flagcountry|Italy}} || Raymond M. Lemaire || {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|}

== See also ==
*International Day For Monuments and Sites

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150507084122/http://www.icomos.org/en/network/national-committees/list-of-national-committees List of National Committees]
* [http://databases.unesco.org/icomos/ ICOMOS Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603180413/http://databases.unesco.org/icomos/ |date=2011-06-03 }}, unesco.org
* [http://www.friendsofworldheritage.org/ Friends of World Heritage] Non-profit organization that identifies projects that support local tourism enterprises that can help alleviate poverty and conserve World Heritage sites.
* [http://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)]
*[https://theblueshield.org/ The Blue Shield]
[[Category:Conservation and restoration organizations]]

{{Sourceattribution|International Council on Monuments and Sites}}