View source for Organization:Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi

{{Short description|Italian non-profit research institution}}
{{Infobox institute
| name = Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "Francesco Severi"
| image = INdAM logo.svg
| image_name = 
| image_size = 
| image_alt = 
| caption = INdAM
| latin_name = 
| motto = 
| founder = 
| established = 1939
| mission = 
| focus = 
| president = Giorgio Patrizio (since 2015)
| chairman = 
| head_label = 
| head = 
| faculty = 
| adjunct_faculty = 
| staff = 
| key_people = [[Biography:Francesco Severi|Francesco Severi]]
| budget = 
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| debt = 
| num_members = 
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| owner = 
| former_name = Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica
| location = 
| city = [[Place:Rome|Rome]]
| country = Italy
| coor = 
| address = Piazzale Aldo Moro 5,<br/> Roma
| website = http://www.altamatematica.it/
| dissolved = 
| footnotes = 
}}
The '''Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi''', abbreviated as '''INdAM''', is a government created non-profit research institution whose main purpose is to promote research in the field of [[Mathematics|mathematics]] and its applications and the diffusion of higher mathematical education in Italy.<ref name="law1">See the Italian [[Philosophy:Law|law]] {{harv|La Camera dei Deputati|Il Senato della Repubblica|1992}} and its later amendment {{harv|Il Presidente della Repubblica|1999}}.</ref> 

Its founder and first president, later nominated life president,<ref>See {{harvtxt|Roghi|2005|p=46}}.</ref> was [[Biography:Francesco Severi|Francesco Severi]], who exerted also a major influence on the creation of the institute.<ref>According to {{harvtxt|De Concini|2005|p=VII}} and {{harvtxt|Zappa|1984|p=12}}, who clearly states:-"''Proprio in quell'anno 1939–1940, Severi aveva costituito l'Istituto di Alta Matematica''" ("''Just in that year 1939–1940, Severi constituted the Istituto di Alta Matematica''").</ref>

== History ==
The institute was established on 13 July 1939 as the ''Royal National Institute of High Mathematics'', with a law signed by Vittorio Emanuele III, Benito Mussolini, Paolo Thaon di Revel and Giuseppe Bottai. Its foundation is largely due to the action of Francesco Severi, possibly starting from an idea by [[Biography:Luigi Fantappiè|Luigi Fantappié]]. The first Scientific Council was made up of Francesco Severi (president), Luigi Fantappiè, Giulio Krall, Enrico Bompiani and [[Biography:Mauro Picone|Mauro Picone]]. In 1946, following the Italian referendum, the adjective "Royal" was removed from its name. In 1976 it assumed the current official name of National Institute of High Mathematics "Francesco Severi". 

From the beginning, the main activity of INdAM has been the organisation of advanced courses aimed at gifted young people. In this way, the Institute has contributed significantly to the education of many Italian mathematicians, also due to the opportunities offered to them to come into contact with some of the leading international mathematicians.

The Italian mathematicians who worked as professors and/or were students at INdAM included [[Biography:Antonio Signorini (physicist)|Antonio Signorini]], [[Biography:Gianfranco Cimmino|Gianfranco Cimmino]], [[Biography:Iacopo Barsotti|Iacopo Barsotti]], [[Biography:Luigi Amerio|Luigi Amerio]], [[Biography:Beniamino Segre|Beniamino Segre]], [[Biography:Enzo Martinelli|Enzo Martinelli]], [[Biography:Renato Caccioppoli|Renato Caccioppoli]], Fabio Conforto, [[Biography:Giovanni Battista Rizza|Giovanni Battista Rizza]], [[Biography:Aldo Andreotti|Aldo Andreotti]], [[Biography:Edoardo Vesentini|Edoardo Vesentini]], [[Biography:Gaetano Fichera|Gaetano Fichera]], [[Biography:Ennio de Giorgi|Ennio De Giorgi]], [[Biography:Claudio Procesi|Claudio Procesi]], Maurizio Cornalba, Alessandro Figà-Talamanca, Enrico Giusti, Antonio Ambrosetti, Paolo Marcellini, [[Biography:Enrico Bombieri|Enrico Bombieri]], [[Biography:Corrado de Concini|Corrado De Concini]], Nicola Fusco and Mario Pulvirenti.

The foreign mathematicians included Leonard Roth, [[Biography:Helmut Hasse|Helmut Hasse]], [[Biography:Wilhelm Blaschke|Wilhelm Blaschke]], [[Biography:Paul Dubreil|Paul Dubreil]], [[Biography:Lucien Godeaux|Lucien Godeaux]], [[Biography:L. E. J. Brouwer|Luitzen Brouwer]], [[Biography:Jean Leray|Jean Leray]], [[Biography:Wacław Sierpiński|Wacław Sierpiński]], [[Biography:Wolfgang Gröbner|Wolfgang Gröbner]], [[Biography:Heinz Hopf|Heinz Hopf]], [[Biography:Erich Kähler|Erich Kähler]], [[Biography:Oscar Zariski|Oskar Zariski]], [[Biography:Georges de Rham|Georges De Rham]], [[Biography:Max Deuring|Max Deuring]], [[Biography:Bartel Leendert van der Waerden|Bartel Leendert Van der Waerden]], [[Biography:Kazimierz Kuratowski|Kazimierz Kuratowski]], [[Biography:John Lighton Synge|John Lighton Synge]], [[Biography:Louis J. Mordell|Louis Mordell]], [[Biography:Rolf Nevanlinna|Rolf Nevanlinna]], [[Biography:Richard von Mises|Richard von Mises]], [[Biography:Ernst Witt|Ernst Witt]], [[Biography:Henri Cartan|Henri Cartan]], [[Biography:Jacques Tits|Jacques Tits]], [[Biography:Jean Dieudonné|Jean Dieudonné]], [[Biography:Victor Kac|Victor Kac]], Francis Clarke.

== INdAM Research Groups ==
The National Research Groups were originally part of the National Research Council (CNR); among the directors of the Research Groups in that period there are Vinicio Boffi, Roberto Conti and Ilio Galligani. Since 1999 the National Research Groups have been an integral part of the INdAM. 

These are four National Research Groups with a staff of more than 2,500 researchers. The Groups carry out research in mathematics by financing research projects, inviting qualified foreign researchers to Italy, and financing stays abroad of young Italian researchers to carry out collaborative research at universities and other institutions. In particular, the Groups promote, coordinate and support the research activities of its members through: a) the Visiting Professors program; b) the financial contributions to the organisation of conferences; c) the reimbursement of travel expenses in Italy and abroad; d) the funding of Research and Training Projects. 



The four National Research Groups of the INdAM are the following:

=== National Group for Mathematical Analysis, Probability and their Applications (GNAMPA) ===
The GNAMPA group supports and coordinates research in [[Differential equation|Differential Equations]] and [[Dynamical system|Dynamical Systems]]; Variational Calculus and [[Mathematical optimization|Optimisation]]; [[Real analysis|Real Analysis]], Measure theory and [[Probability]]; and [[Functional analysis|Functional]] and [[Physics:Harmonic analysis|Harmonic Analysis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNAMPA – Gruppo Nazionale per l'Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni|url=https://www.altamatematica.it/gnampa/en/|access-date=2021-04-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== National Group for Numerical Analysis (GNCS) ===
The GNCS group supports and coordinates research in [[Numerical analysis|Numerical Analysis]] and [[Theoretical computer science|basic research in Computer Science]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNCS – Gruppo Nazionale per il Calcolo Scientifico|url=https://www.altamatematica.it/gncs/en/|access-date=2021-04-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== National Group for Mathematical Physics (GNFM) ===
The GNFM group supports and coordinates research in [[Physics:Mechanics|Mechanics]] of [[Discrete system|discrete systems]]; [[Physics:Fluid mechanics|Fluid Mechanics]]; [[Physics:Continuum mechanics|Continuum Mechanics]]; [[Physics:Convection–diffusion equation|Diffusion]] and transport problems; and [[Physics:Theory of relativity|Relativity]] and [[Physics:Classical field theory|Field theory]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNFM – Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica|url=https://www.altamatematica.it/gnfm/en/|access-date=2021-04-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== National Group for Algebraic and Geometric Structures and their Applications (GNSAGA) ===
The GNSAGA group supports and coordinates research in [[Differential geometry|Differential Geometry]]; [[Complex geometry]] and [[Topology]]; [[Algebraic geometry|Algebraic Geometry]] and [[Commutative algebra|Commutative Algebra]]; and [[Mathematical logic|Mathematical Logic]] and applications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNSAGA – Gruppo Nazionale per le Strutture Algebriche, Geometriche e le loro Applicazioni|url=https://www.altamatematica.it/gnsaga/en/|access-date=2021-04-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}

===Historical references===
*{{Citation
|last = De Concini
|first = Corrado
|editor-last = Roghi
|editor-first = G.
|contribution = Prefazione
|contribution-url = 
|title = Materiale per una storia dell'Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica dal 1939 to 2003.
|series = Bollettino della Unione Matematica Italiana, Sezione A, La Matematica nella Società e nella Cultura, Serie VIII
|volume = 8-A
|issue = 3, parte 2
|pages = VII–VIII
|date=December 2005
|language = Italian
|url = http://www.bdim.eu/item?id=BUMI_2005_8_8A_3-2_P7_0
|doi = 
|mr = 2225078
|zbl = 1089.01500
}}.
*{{Citation
|last = Roghi
|first = G.
|title = Materiale per una storia dell'Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica dal 1939 to 2003.
|trans-title=Materials toward a history of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica from 1939 to 2003
|journal = Bollettino della Unione Matematica Italiana, Sezione A, La Matematica nella Società e nella Cultura
|series = Serie VIII
|volume = 8-A
|issue = 3, parte 2
|pages = X+301
|date=December 2005
|language = Italian
|url = http://www.bdim.eu/item?id=BUMI_2005_8_8A_3-2
|doi = 
|mr = 2225078
|zbl = 1089.01500
}}. This is a [[Monograph|monograph]]ic fascicle published on the "Bollettino della Unione Matematica Italiana", describing the history of the "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi" from its foundation in 1939 to 2003: it was written by Gino Roghi and includes a presentation by Salvatore Coen and a preface by Corrado De Concini. It is almost exclusively based on sources from the institute archives: the wealth and variety of materials included, jointly with its appendices and [[Index (publishing)|indexes]], make this monograph a useful reference not only for the history of the [[Organization:Institute|institute]] itself, but also for the history of many [[Biography:Mathematician|mathematician]]s who taught or followed the institute courses or simply worked there.
*{{Citation
|last = Zappa
|first = Guido
|title = La scuola matematica di Francesco Severi intorno al 1940
|trans-title=The mathematical school of Francesco Severi around 1940
|language = Italian
|journal = [[Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma]]
|series = (4)
|volume = 10<sup>*</sup>
|pages = 11–14
|year = 1984
|url =http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1984-10s/1984-10s-011.pdf
|mr = 0777309
|zbl = 0562.01015
}}. This work describes the research activity at the [[Organization:Sapienza University of Rome|Sapienza University of Rome]] and at the (at that time newly created) "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi"  from the end of the thirties to the early forties of the 20th century.

===General references===
*{{Citation
|last = La Camera dei Deputati
|first = 
|last2 = Il Senato della Repubblica
|first2 = 
|title = Legge 11 febbraio 1992, n.153. Riordinamento dell'Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi
|journal = Gazzetta Ufficiale
|volume = n. 45
|issue = 24 febbraio 1992
|pages = 
|date = 11 February 1992
|language = Italian
|url = http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:Legge:1992-02-11;153
}}. The 1992 issued [[Philosophy:Law|law]] for the reordering of the institute, modified by the 6th comma of article 13 of the legislative decree {{harv|Il Presidente della Repubblica|1999}}, defining its purposes, the structure of its basic activities in the form of tree-year plans, its governing and operative structures: a [http://www.altamatematica.it/sites/default/files/legge_di_riordino_dellistituto_legge_153_del_1992.pdf PDF copy] of the amended law is also available from the institute web site.
*{{Citation
|last = Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi
|first = 
|title = Statuto dell’INdAM
|journal = Gazzetta Ufficiale
|series = comunicato MIUR 11A05241
|volume = n. 90
|issue = 19 aprile 2011
|pages = 
|date = 31 March 2011
|language = Italian
|url = 
}}. The current Statute of the institute, available also as a [http://www.altamatematica.it/sites/default/file/statuto_approvato_31marzo_2011_1.pdf PDF document] from the institute web site.
*{{Citation
|last = Il Presidente della Repubblica
|first = 
|title = Decreto Legislativo 30 gennaio 1999, n. 19. Riordino del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
|journal = Gazzetta Ufficiale
|volume = n. 29
|issue = 5 febbraio 1999 
|pages = 
|date = 30 January 1999
|language = Italian
|url = http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:Decreto%20legislativo:1999-01-30;19 
}}. The legislative decree 19 of 30 January 1999 on the reordering of the CNR, whose 6th comma of article 13 amends the {{harv|La Camera dei Deputati|Il Senato della Repubblica|1992}} [[Philosophy:Law|law]] for the reordering of the institute.
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{Citation
  | last = INdAM Staff
  | first = 
  | last2 = 
  | first2 = 
  | title = Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica "F. Severi"
  | date = 
  | year = 
  | url = http://www.altamatematica.it/
  | accessdate = 1 January 2012
}}. The official website of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi.


[[Category:Mathematical institutes]]

{{Sourceattribution|Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi}}