View source for Organization:List of language regulators

{{Short description|Bodies that are official authorities on standard varieties of a language}}
This is a list of bodies that consider themselves to be authorities on standard languages, often called '''language academies'''. Language academies are motivated by, or closely associated with, linguistic purism and [[Social:Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestige]], and typically publish [[Social:Linguistic prescription|prescriptive]] dictionaries,<ref>Thomas, George (1991) [https://books.google.com/books?id=G18NAQAAMAAJ ''Linguistic purism''] p.108, quotation: {{quotation|Whereas a number of the puristically motivated language societies have assumed ''de facto'' responsibility for language cultivation, the decisions of the academies have often had the force of law. ... Since academies are so closely associated with the notion of purism, a brief word on their history may not be out of place. The first academy to deal expressly and exclusively with language matters was the ''Accademia della Crusca'' ... Its orientation was essentially conservative, favouring a return to the Tuscan language as cultivated in the fourteenth century over the innovations of contemporary renaissance poets such as Torquato Tasso. ... One of its first tasks&nbsp;-- as with so many academies to follow&nbsp;-- was to produce a large-scale prescriptive dictionary of Italian}}</ref> which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations. A language regulator may also have a more [[Social:Linguistic description|descriptive approach]], however, while maintaining and promoting (but not imposing) a standard spelling. Many language academies are private institutions, although some are governmental bodies in different states, or enjoy some form of government-sanctioned status in one or more countries. There may also be multiple language academies attempting to regulate and [[Social:Codification (linguistics)|codify]] the same language, sometimes based in different countries and sometimes influenced by political factors.

Many world languages have one or more language academies or official language bodies. However, the degree of control that the academies exert over these languages does not render the latter [[Controlled natural language|controlled natural language]]s in the sense that the various kinds of "simple English" (e.g. [[Basic English]], [[Simplified Technical English]]) or [[Biography:George Orwell|George Orwell]]'s fictional [[Social:Newspeak|Newspeak]] are. They instead remain [[Philosophy:Natural language|natural language]]s to a considerable extent and are thus not [[Formal language|formal language]]s such as [[Attempto Controlled English]]. They have a degree of standardization that allows them to function as [[Social:Standard language|standard language]]s (e.g. [[Social:Standard French|standard French]]). The English language has never had a formal regulator anywhere, outside of private productions such as the Oxford Dictionary.

== Natural languages ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Territory
! scope="col" | Regulator(s)
! scope="col" | Founded
|-
| Amis
| {{flag|Republic of China}}
| Council of Indigenous Peoples
|1996
|-
| [[Social:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]
| {{flag|South Africa}}<br>{{flag|Namibia}}
| [[Organization:Die Taalkommissie|Die Taalkommissie]] (The Language Commission)
| 1909
|-
| Akan
| {{flag|Ghana}}
| [[Organization:Akan Orthography Committee|Akan Orthography Committee]] (AOC)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Albanian language|Albanian]]
| {{flag|Albania}}
| [[Organization:Academy of Sciences of Albania|Academy of Sciences of Albania]]
|1972
|-
| {{flag|Kosovo}}
| Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo
|1975
|-
| rowspan="13" |[[Social:Modern Standard Arabic|Arabic]]
| {{flag|Arab League}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية)
|
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}}
| Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria (المجلس الأعلى للغة العربية بالجزائر‎)
|1996
|-
| {{flag|Egypt}}
| [[Organization:Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo|Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo]] (مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة)
|1932
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}}
| [[Organization:Iraqi Academy of Sciences|Iraqi Academy of Sciences]] (المجمع العلمي العراقي)
|1948
|-
| {{flag|Jordan}}
| Jordan Academy of Arabic (مجمع اللغة العربية الأردني)
|1924
|-
| {{flag|Libya}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Jamahiriya
|
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Morocco
| 1960
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language (مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية)
|
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Mogadishu
|
|-
| {{flag|Sudan}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Khartum
|
|-
| {{flag|Syria}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Damascus (مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق)
|1918
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}}
| Beit Al-Hikma Foundation (مؤسسة بيت الحكمة)
|1992
|-
| {{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Palestine}}
| Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel (مجمع اللغة العربية)
|2007
|-
| [[Social:Aragonese language|Aragonese]]
| {{flag|Aragon}}
| Instituto de l´aragonés<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instituto de l'Aragonés {{!}} Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua |url=https://www.academiaaragonesadelalengua.org/instituto-aragones |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.academiaaragonesadelalengua.org |language=es}}</ref> (Previously: Academy of the Aragonese)
| 2013
|-
| [[Social:Armenian language|Armenian]]
| {{flag|Armenia}}
| [[Organization:Armenian National Academy of Sciences|Armenian National Academy of Sciences]] (Հայաստան)
|1943
|-
| [[Social:Assamese language|Assamese]]
| {{flagicon|India}} {{wipe|India}}
| [[Organization:Asam Sahitya Sabha|Asam Sahitya Sabha]] (অসম সাহিত্য সভা)
|1917
|-
| Asturian
| {{flag|Asturias}}
| [[Organization:Academy of the Asturian Language|Academy of the Asturian Language]] (Academia de la Llingua Asturiana)
| 1980
|-
| [[Social:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]
| {{flag|Azerbaijan}}<br>{{flag|Iran}}
| Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (''Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası'')
|1945
|-
| Balochi
| {{flag|Iran}}<br>{{flag|Pakistan}}<br>{{flag|Afghanistan}}<br>{{flag|Oman}}
| Balochi Academy Sarbaz (''بلۏچی زبانءِ ربیدجاہ'')
|2017
|-
| [[Biography:Basque language|Basque]]
| {{flagicon|Basque Country}} Basque Country<br>{{flagicon|Navarre}} Navarre<br>{{flagicon|France}} French Basque Country
| [[Organization:Euskaltzaindia|Euskaltzaindia]], often translated as ''Royal Academy of the Basque language''
| 1918
|-
| [[Social:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
| {{flag|Belarus}}
| The Jakub Kolas and Janka Kupala Institute of Language and Literature<ref name="Belarus">{{cite web |url=http://nasb.gov.by/eng/organizations/institutes/inogum.php#off5728 |title=Organizations Attached to the Department of Humanitarian Sciences and Arts |publisher=National Academy of Sciences of Belarus |access-date=8 June 2012 |quote=Field of Activities: ... compilation of the Belarusian language dictionaries including Belarusian&nbsp;– the other Slavonic languages and the other Slavonic languages&nbsp;– Belarusian dictionaries; ... |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413164055/http://nasb.gov.by/eng/organizations/institutes/inogum.php#off5728 |archive-date=13 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
| 1929
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Bengali language|Bengali (Bangla)]]
| {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| Bangla Academy (বাংলা একাডেমি)
|1955
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| [[Organization:Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi|Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi]] (পশ্চিমবঙ্গ বাংলা আকাদেমি)
|1986
|-
| rowspan="3" | Berber
| {{flag|Morocco}}
| Royal Institute of Amazight Culture
|2001
|-
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Algeria}}
| Haut-Conseil à l'amazighité (High Commission for Amazighity)
|1995
|-
|[[Organization:Algerian Academy of Amazigh Language|Algerian Academy of Amazigh Language]]
|2017
|-
| rowspan="3" |Bhojpuri
| rowspan="3" |{{Flag|India}}
|Bhojpuri Academy, Bihar
|
|-
|[[Organization:Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi|Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi]]
|
|-
|Bhojpuri Sahitya Academy, Madhya Pradesh
|
|-
| Central Bikol
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| Academia Bicolana ''defunct''
|
|-
| Bosnian
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<br>{{flagicon image|Bosniak National Flag in Sandzak.svg}} Sandžak
| [[Organization:University of Sarajevo|University of Sarajevo]]
|
|-
| [[Social:Breton language|Breton]]
| {{flag|Brittany}}
| Public Office for the Breton Language (Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg)
| 2010
|-
| [[Social:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]
| {{flag|Bulgaria}}
| [[Organization:Institute for Bulgarian Language|Institute for Bulgarian Language]] at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
|1942
|-
| [[Social:Burmese language|Burmese]]
| {{flag|Myanmar}}
| [[Organization:Myanmar Language Commission|Myanmar Language Commission]] ( မြန်မာစာအဖွဲ့)
|1963
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Catalan language|Catalan]]
| {{flag|Catalonia}}
| Institute for Catalan Studies (''Institut d'Estudis Catalans'')
| 1907
|-
| {{flag|Valencian Community}}
| [[Organization:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua|Valencian Language Academy]] (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua)
| 2001
|-
| [[Social:Cebuano language|Cebuano]]
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| [[Organization:Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters|Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters]] (''Akademyang Bisaya'')
|
|-
| [[Social:Cherokee language|Cherokee]]
| {{flag|Cherokee Nation}}
| Council of the Cherokee Nation (ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ)<ref>[https://cherokee.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=266941&GUID=C8EC5F0A-E523-49A0-92BD-42041FCE32EAl Council of the Cherokee Nation]</ref>
|
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Social:Standard Chinese|Standard Chinese]]
| {{flag|China}}
| State Language Work Committee (国家语言文字工作委员会)
|1986<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spolsky |first=Bernard |date=8 June 2014 |title=Language management in the People's Republic of China |url=https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/02e_90.4Spolsky.pdf |journal=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Republic of China}}
| Ministry of Education (教育部)
|
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| Promote Mandarin Council (讲华语运动理事会)
|1979
|-
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Organization:Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia|Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia]] (马来西亚华语规范理事会)
|
|-
| [[Social:Cornish language|Cornish]]
| {{flag|Cornwall}}
| [[Organization:Cornish Language Partnership|Cornish Language Partnership]] (''Keskowethyans an Taves Kernewek'')
| 2005
|-
| rowspan="2" | Croatian
| {{flag|Croatia}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Organization:Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics|Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics]] (''Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje'')
| rowspan="2" | 1948
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|-
| [[Social:Czech language|Czech]]
| {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| [[Organization:Institute of the Czech Language|Institute of the Czech Language]] (of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) (''{{lang|cs|Ústav pro jazyk český (Akademie věd České republiky)}}'')
| 1946
|-
| [[Social:Danish language|Danish]]
| {{flag|Denmark}}
| [[Organization:Dansk Sprognævn|Dansk Sprognævn]] (Danish Language Council)
| 1955
|-
| Dalecarlian
| {{flagicon|Sweden}} Dalarna County
| Ulum Dalska
|1984
|-
| Divehi
| {{flag|Maldives}}
| [[Organization:Dhivehi Academy|Dhivehi Academy]] (ދިވެހި އެކެޑަމީ)
|2011
|-
| [[Social:Dutch language|Dutch]]
| {{flag|Netherlands}}<br>{{flag|Belgium}}<br>{{flag|Suriname}}
| [[Organization:Dutch Language Union|Dutch Language Union]] (Nederlandse Taalunie)
| 1980
|-
| Dzongkha
| {{flag|Bhutan}}
| [[Organization:Dzongkha Development Commission|Dzongkha Development Commission]] ({{lang|dz|རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས}})
|1968
|-
| [[Social:English language|English]]
| None
| None official, but the Oxford English Dictionary is the principal historical dictionary of the English language.
|
|-
| [[Social:Estonian language|Estonian]]
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| ''Emakeele Seltsi keeletoimkond'' (Language Board at the Mother Tongue Society) sets rules and standards, authoritative advice is given by the [[Organization:Institute of the Estonian Language|Institute of the Estonian Language]] (''Eesti Keele Instituut'')
| 1993
|-
| [[Social:Faroese language|Faroese]]
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}}
| [[Organization:Faroese Language Board|Faroese Language Board]] (Málráðið)
|1985
|-
| [[Social:Filipino language|Filipino]]
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| [[Organization:Commission on the Filipino Language|Commission on the Filipino Language]] (''Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino'')
|1937
|-
| [[Social:Finnish language|Finnish]]
| {{flag|Finland}}
| [[Organization:Institute for the Languages of Finland|Institute for the Languages of Finland]]
|1976
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Social:French language|French]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|France}}
| [[Organization:Académie Française|French Academy]] (Académie française) 
| 1635
|-
|General Delegation for the French language and the languages of France (Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France)
|1989
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}}
| Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium (Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique)
|1920
|-
| {{flag|Quebec}}
| {{Lang|fr|[[Organization:Office québécois de la langue française|Office québécois de la langue française]]|italic=no}} (Québec Office of the French Language)
| 1961
|-
|Friulian 
|{{flag|Friuli-Venezia Giulia}}
|Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenzia Regionale per la Lingua Friulana |url=https://arlef.it/it/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=ARLeF |language=it-IT}}</ref>
|2001
|-
| Galician
| {{flag|Galicia}}
| Royal Galician Academy ({{Lang|gl|Real Academia Galega}})
| 1906
|-
| [[Social:Georgian language|Georgian]]
| {{flag|Georgia (country)}}
| Cabinet of Georgia (საქართველოს მთავრობა) 
|
|-
| [[Social:Standard German|German]]
| {{flag|Germany}}<br>{{flag|Austria}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}}<br>{{flag|South Tyrol}}<br>{{flag|Belgium}}<br>{{flag|Alsace}}<br>{{flag|Liechtenstein}}<br>{{flag|Luxembourg}}<br>{{flag|Namibia}}<br>{{flag|Syddanmark}}<br>{{flag|Opole Voivodeship}}<br>{{flag|Silesian Voivodeship}}
| [[Organization:Council for German Orthography|Council for German Orthography]] (''Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung'')
| 2004
|-
| [[Social:Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]]
| {{flag|Greenland}}
| The Greenland Language Secretariat (Oqaasileriffik)
|1998<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organization – Language Secretariat |url=https://oqaasileriffik.gl/en/organization/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Social:Greek language|Greek]]
| {{flag|Greece}}<br>{{flag|Cyprus}}
| [[Organization:Center for the Greek Language|Center for the Greek Language]] (Κέντρον Ελληνικής Γλώσσας)
| 1994
|-
| [[Social:Guarani language|Guarani]]
| {{flag|Paraguay}}
| Guarani Language Academy (Guarani Ñe’ ẽ Rerekuapavẽ)
|2013
|-
| [[Social:Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| {{flag|India}}
| [[Organization:Gujarat Sahitya Akademi|Gujarat Sahitya Akademi]] (ગુજરાત સાહિત્ય અકાદમી)
|1981
|-
| Hakka
| {{flag|Republic of China}}
| Hakka Affairs Council (客家委員會)
|2001
|-
| [[Social:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]
| {{flag|Haiti}}
| [[Organization:Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen|Haitian Creole Academy]] (Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen)
|2014
|-
| [[Social:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
| {{flag|Israel}}
| [[Organization:Academy of the Hebrew Language|Academy of the Hebrew Language]] (האקדמיה ללשון העברית)
| 1890
|-
| Hindi
| {{flag|India}}
| [[Organization:Central Hindi Directorate|Central Hindi Directorate]] (केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय)
|1960
|-
| Hmar
| {{flag|India}}
| Hmar Literature Society{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
|
|-
| [[Social:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| {{flag|Hungary}}<br>{{flag|Slovakia}}<br>{{flag|Romania}}<br>{{flag|Serbia}}<br>{{flag|Austria}}
| [[Organization:Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics|Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics]] (''Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont'')
| 1949
|-
| [[Social:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]
| {{flag|Iceland}}
| Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum)
| 1962
|-
| [[Social:Igbo language|Igbo]]
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| [[Organization:Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture|Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture]]
|1949
|-
| [[Social:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]
| {{flag|Indonesia}}
| [[Organization:Language Development and Fostering Agency|Language Development and Fostering Agency]] ({{lang|id|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa}})
|1947
|-
| [[Biography:Inuktitut|Inuktitut]]
| {{flag|Canada}}
| Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ)
|1971
|-
| [[Social:Irish language|Irish]]
| {{flag|Ireland}}<br>{{flag|Northern Ireland|union}}
| [[Organization:Foras na Gaeilge|Foras na Gaeilge]] (Irish Institute)
| 1999
|-
| [[Social:Italian language|Italian]]
| {{flag|Italy}}<br>{{RSM}}<br>{{flag|Switzerland}}<br>{{flag|Vatican City}}<br>{{flag|Monaco}}<br>{{flag|Corsica}}<br>{{flag|Istria County}}<br>{{flag|Eritrea}}<br>{{flag|Libya}}
| {{Lang|it|[[Organization:Accademia della Crusca|Accademia della Crusca]]|italic=no}} (''Academy of the bran'')
| 1583
|-
| [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]
| {{flag|Japan}}
| National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (国立国語研究所)
| 1948
|-
| Kabiye
| {{flag|Togo}}
| Kabiye Academy (Académie kabiyè)
|1975<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naissance et évolution de l'Académie Kabiyè |url=https://academiekabiye.org/naissance-et-evolution-de-lacademie-kabiye/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Académie Kabiyè {{!}} Kabiye Akademii |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|-
| [[Social:Kannada|Kannada]]
| {{flagicon|India}} Karnataka
| Various academies and Government of Karnataka
|
|-
| Kashubian
| {{flag|Poland}}
| The Kashubian Language Council (Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka)
|2006
|-
| [[Social:Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
| {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
| Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі)
|2022
|-
| [[Social:Khmer language|Khmer]]
| {{flag|Cambodia}}
| [[Organization:Royal Academy of Cambodia|Royal Academy of Cambodia]] (រាជបណ្ឌិត្យសភាកម្ពុជា)
|1965
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Social:Korean language|Korean]]
| {{flag|South Korea}}
| National Institute of the Korean Language (국립국어원/國立國語院)
| 1991
|-
| {{flag|North Korea}}
| The Language Research Institute, Academy of Social Science (사회과학원 어학연구소)
|
|-
| {{flag|China}}
| China Korean Language Regulatory Commission (중국조선어규범위원회/中国朝鲜语规范委员会)
|
|-
| Kven
| {{flag|Norway}}
| [[Organization:Kainun institutti|Kainun institutti]]&nbsp;– kvensk institutt
|2007
|-
| Kurdish
| {{flag|Kurdistan}}
| [[Organization:Kurdish Academy|Kurdish Academy]] (ئەکادیمیای کوردی)
| 1971
|-
| [[Social:Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
| National Committee for State Language under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (Кыргыз Республикасынын Президентине караштуу Мамлекеттик тил боюнча улуттук комиссия)
|2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=The State Language {{!}} Kyrgyzaeronavigatsia |url=http://kan.kg/en/about/state_language |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=kan.kg}}</ref>
|-
| [[Social:Lao language|Lao]]
| {{flag|Laos}}
| Educational Science Research Institute, Ministry of Education and Sports (ສະຖາບັນຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິທະຍາສາດການສືກສາ ກະຊວງສຶກສາທິການ ແລະ ກີລາ) <br>Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, National University of Laos (ສະຖາບັນວິທະຍາສາດສັງຄົມ ຄະນະອັກສອນສາດ ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ)
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Social:Latin|Latin]]
| rowspan="3" |{{flag|Holy See}}
| Pontifical Academy for Latin (''Pontificia Academia Latinitatis'') <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/latinitatis/index.htm |title=Pontificia Academia Latinitatis |language=la |publisher=Vatican.va |date=10 November 2012 |access-date=19 August 2013}}</ref>
|2012
|-
| International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of the [[Organization:International Association for Plant Taxonomy|International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]: botanical Latin)
|1867
|-
| [[Biology:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] (of the [[Organization:International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]]: zoological Latin)
|1905
|-
| [[Social:Latvian language|Latvian]]
| {{flag|Latvia}}
| [[Organization:Latvian State Language Center|Latvian State Language Center]] (Valsts Valodas Centrs)
| 1992
|-
| [[Social:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]
| {{flag|Lithuania}}
| [[Organization:Commission of the Lithuanian Language|Commission of the Lithuanian Language]] (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija)
| 1990
|-
| Lusoga
| {{flag|Uganda}}
| [[Organization:Lusoga Language Authority|Lusoga Language Authority]]
|
|-
| Luxembourgish
| {{flag|Luxembourg}}
| Council for the Luxembourgish Language (''Conseil fir d'Letzebuerger Sprooch'')
|1998
|-
| [[Social:Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
| {{flag|North Macedonia}}
| Linguistics and Literary Science Department at the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
|1967
|-
| Malagasy
| {{flag|Madagascar}}
| Malagasy Academy (Académie Malgache) 
|1902
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Social:Malay language|Malay]]
| {{flag|Malaysia}}
| [[Organization:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|Institute of Language and Literature]] (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka)
|1956
|-
| {{flag|Brunei}}
| [[Organization:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei|Language and Literature Bureau]] (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka)
|1960
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| Majlis Bahasa Melayu Singapura (Malay Language Council, Singapore)
|
|-
|[[Social:Malayalam|Malayalam]]
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Organization:Kerala Sahitya Akademi|Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] (കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി)
|1956
|-
| [[Social:Maltese language|Maltese]]
| {{flag|Malta}}
| [[Organization:National Council for the Maltese Language|National Council for the Maltese Language]] (Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti)
|2005
|-
| [[Biography:Manx language|Manx]]
| {{flag|Isle of Man}}
| [[Organization:Coonceil ny Gaelgey|Manx Language Advisory Council]] (Coonceil ny Gaelgey)
| 1985
|-
| Māori
| {{flag|New Zealand}}
| [[Organization:Māori Language Commission|Māori Language Commission]] (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori)
|1987
|-
|[[Social:Marathi language|Marathi]]
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Organization:Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad|Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad]] (महाराष्ट्र साहित्य परिषद)
|1906
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Meitei language|Meitei]] (officially called Manipuri) 
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
| [[Organization:Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation|Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] (''{{lang|mni|ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯋꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ}}'')
|2013
|-
| [[Organization:Manipuri Sahitya Parishad|Manipuri Sahitya Parishad]] (''{{lang|mni|ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ ꯄꯔꯤꯁꯗ}}'')
|1935
|-
| Mirandese
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| [[Organization:Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa|Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa]] (Institute of the Mirandese Language)
| 2000
|-
| [[Social:Mixtecan languages|Mixtec]]
| {{flag|Mexico}}
| Academy of the Mixtec Language (''Ve'e Tu'un Sávi'')
|1997
|-
| [[Social:Khalkha Mongolian|Khalkha Mongolian]]
| {{flag|Mongolia}}
| Council of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/486 |title=Хуулийн нэгдсэн портал сайт |work=Legalinfo.mn |language=mn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914161424/http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/486 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=19 December 2015 }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[Social:Chakhar Mongolian|Chakhar Mongolian]]
| {{flag|China}}
| Council for Language and Literature Work
|
|-
| [[Social:Nepali language|Nepali]]
| {{flag|Nepal}}
| [[Organization:Nepal Academy|Nepal Academy]] (नेपाल प्रज्ञा–प्रतिष्ठान)
|1957
|-
| Northern Frisian
| [[File:Nordfriesischeflagge.svg|25px]] North Frisia
| Northern Frisian Institute (Nordfriisk Instituut)
|1964
|-
| [[Social:Norwegian language|Norwegian (Riksmål/Bokmål)]]
| rowspan="2" |  {{flag|Norway}}
| [[Organization:Norwegian Academy|Norwegian Academy]]
| 1953
|-
| [[Social:Norwegian language|Norwegian Bokmål<br>Norwegian Nynorsk]]
| Norwegian Language Council
|2005
|-
| Occitan
| {{flag|Occitania}}<br>{{flag|France}}<br>{{flag|Spain}}<br>{{flag|Monaco}}<br>{{flag|Italy}}
| [[Organization:Conselh de la Lenga Occitana|Occitan Language Council]] (Conselh de la Lenga Occitana),<ref>{{cite web |title=CLO |url=https://clo-occitan.com |access-date=6 September 2021}}</ref><br>Permanent Congress of the Occitan Language (Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana),<ref>{{cite web |title=Lo Congrès |url=http://www.locongres.org |website=locongres.org |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref><br>Institute of Aranese Studies (Institut d'Estudis Aranesi) (Aranese)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conselharan.org/reconeishenca-der-institut-destudis-aranesi-coma-academia-e-autoritat-linguistica-der-occitan-aranes-en-aran/|title=Reconeishença der Institut d'Estudis Aranesi coma academia e autoritat lingüistica der occitan, aranés en Aran - Conselh Generau d'Aran|website=conselharan.org}}</ref>
| 1996
|-
| [[Social:Odia language|Odia]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Odisha Sahitya Akademi (ଓଡ଼ିଶା ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଏକାଡେମୀ)
|1957
|-
| rowspan="2" | Pashto
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| [[Organization:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan|Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan]] (د علومو اکاډمي نښه)
|1978
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| [[Organization:Pashto Academy|Pashto Academy]] (پښتو اکېډمي)
|1955
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Social:Persian language|Persian]]
| {{flag|Iran}}
| [[Organization:Academy of Persian Language and Literature|Academy of Persian Language and Literature]] ({{lang|fa|فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی}})
| 1935
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| [[Organization:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan|Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan]] (آکادمی علوم افغانستان)
|1978
|-
| Paiwan
| {{flag|Republic of China}}
| Council of Indigenous Peoples
|1996
|-
| [[Social:Polish language|Polish]]
| {{flag|Poland}}
| [[Organization:Polish Language Council|Polish Language Council]] (''Rada Języka Polskiego'')
| 1996
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Social:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| Lisbon Academy of Sciences (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa)
|1779
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}
| [[Organization:Academia Brasileira de Letras|Brazilian Academy of Letters]] (Academia Brasileira de Letras)
|1897
|-
| {{flag|Galicia}}
| Galician Academy of the Portuguese Language (Academia Galega da Língua Portuguesa)
|2008
|-
| Quechua
| {{flag|Peru}}
| High Academy of the Quechua Language (''Qhichwa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur'')
| 1954
|-
| [[Social:Rohingya language|Rohingya]]
| {{flagicon image|Rohingya flag.svg}} Arakan (Rakhine State)
| Rohingya Language Academy (𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴎𐴟𐴁𐴝𐴕 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴝𐴋𐴠𐴔𐴞)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Romanian language|Romanian]]
| {{flag|Romania}}
| [[Organization:Romanian Academy|Academia Română]] (Romanian Academy)
|1866
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}}
| Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Științe a Moldovei)
|1961
|-
| Romansh
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| Lia Rumantscha
|1919
|-
|[[Social:Russian language|Russian]]
| {{flag|Russia}}<br>{{flag|Belarus}}<br>{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br>{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br>{{flag|Tajikistan}}
| [[Organization:Russian Language Institute|Russian Language Institute]] (Институт русского языка)
| 1944
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Scots language|Scots]]
| {{flag|Scotland}}
| [[Organization:Scots Language Centre|Scots Language Centre]] (Center for the Scots Leid)
|1993
|-
| {{flag|Northern Ireland|union}}
| [[Organization:Ulster-Scots Agency|Ulster-Scots Agency]] (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) (Ulster Scots dialect)
|1998
|-
|[[Social:Scottish Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]]
|{{flag|Scotland}}
|[[Organization:Bòrd na Gàidhlig|The Gaelic Board]] (Bòrd na Gàidhlig)
| 2006
|-
| Secwepemctsín
| {{flag|Canada}}
| Secwepemc Cultural Education Society
|1983
|-
| [[Social:Serbian language|Serbian]] and [[Organization:Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]
| {{flag|Serbia}}<br>{{flag|Montenegro}}<br>{{flag|Srpska}}
| Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (Одбор за стандардизацију српског језика)
|1997
|-
| [[Social:Sindhi language|Sindhi]]
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| [[Organization:Sindhi Language Authority|Sindhi Language Authority]] (سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو)
|1992
|-
| [[Social:Sinhala language|Sinhala]]
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| Hela Havula (හෙළ හවුල)
|1941
|-
| [[Social:Slovak language|Slovak]]
| {{flag|Slovakia}}
| Slovak Academy of Sciences (''Slovenská akadémia vied'')
|1942
|-
| Slovene
| {{flag|Slovenia}}
| Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti)
|1938
|-
| Somali
| {{flag|Djibouti}}<br>{{flag|Ethiopia}}<br>{{flag|Somalia}}
| [[Organization:Regional Somali Language Academy|Regional Somali Language Academy]] (Akademiye Goboleedka Af Soomaaliga)
|2013
|-
| Sorbian
| {{flag|Germany}}<br>{{flag|Czech Republic}}<br>{{flag|Poland}}
| Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut)
|1951
|-
| [[Social:Spanish language|Spanish]]
| {{flag|Spain}}<br>{{flag|Colombia}}<br>{{flag|Ecuador}}<br>{{flag|Mexico}}<br>{{flag|El Salvador}}<br>{{flag|Venezuela}}<br>{{flag|Chile}}<br>{{flag|Peru}}<br>{{flag|Guatemala}}<br>{{flag|Costa Rica}}<br>{{flag|Philippines}}<br>{{flag|Panama}}<br>{{flag|Cuba}}<br>{{flag|Paraguay}}<br>{{flag|Bolivia}}<br>{{flag|Dominican Republic}}<br>{{flag|Nicaragua}}<br>{{flag|Argentina}}<br>{{flag|Uruguay}}<br>{{flag|Honduras}}<br>{{flag|Puerto Rico}}<br>{{flag|United States}}<br>{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}
| Association of Spanish Language Academies
| 1951
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Swahili language|Swahili]]
| {{flag|Tanzania}}
| [[Organization:Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa|National Swahili Council]] (Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa)
|1967
|-
| {{flag|Kenya}}
| [[Organization:Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa|National Kiswahili Association]] (Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa)
|1998
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Social:Swedish language|Swedish]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|Sweden}}
| [[Organization:Language Council of Sweden|Language Council of Sweden]] (Språkrådet)
| 1941
|-
|Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien)
|1786
|-
| {{flag|Finland}}
| [[Organization:Institute for the Languages of Finland|Institute for the Languages of Finland]]
|
|-
|[[Social:Tajik language|Tajik]] 
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}<br>{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|[[Organization:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature|Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature]] (Институти забон ва адабиёт ба номи А. Рӯдакии)
|1932
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Social:Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rowspan="2" | {{flag|India}}
|Tamil University (தமிழ்ப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்)
|1981
|-
|Tamil Nadu State Official Language Commission (மாநில அலுவல் மொழி ஆணையம்){{Citation needed|date=October 2023|reason=Possibly incorrect translation}}
|1965
|-
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}}
| Department of Official Languages (அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழிகள் துறை){{Citation needed|date=October 2023|reason=Possibly incorrect translation}}
|
|-
| {{flag|Singapore}}
| Tamil Language Council (வளர்தமிழ் இயக்கம்){{Citation needed|date=October 2023|reason=Possibly incorrect translation}}
|2000
|-
|  {{flag|Malaysia}}
| Malaysian Tamil Language Standardisation Council (மலேசியத் தமிழ் மொழியின் காப்பகம்)
|2019
|-
| [[Social:Tatar language|Tatar]]
| {{flag|Tatarstan}}
| Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Татарстан Республикасы Фәннәр академиясе)
|1804
|-
| [[Social:Telugu language|Telugu]]
| {{flag|India}}
| Telugu Academy and Official Language Commission of Government of Andhra Pradesh
|
|-
| [[Social:Tetum language|Tetum]]
| {{flag|East Timor}}
| National Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor
|
|-
| [[Social:Thai language|Thai]]
| {{flag|Thailand}}
| [[Organization:Royal Society of Thailand|Royal Society of Thailand]] (ราชบัณฑิตยสภา)
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
| {{flagicon|PRC}} Tibet Autonomous Region
| Committee for Tibetan Language Affairs [http://www.zyw.xizang.gov.cn/xzyw]
|
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| Committee for the Standardisation of the Tibetan Language
|
|-
|[[Social:Tulu language|Tulu]]
|{{flag|India}}
|[[Organization:Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy|Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy]]
|
|-
| [[Social:Turkish language|Turkish]]
| {{flag|Turkey}}<br>{{flag|Cyprus}}<br>{{TRNC}}
| [[Organization:Turkish Language Association|Türk Dil Kurumu]] (Turkish Language Association)
| 1932
|-
| [[Social:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| [[Organization:NASU Institute of Ukrainian Language|NASU Institute of Ukrainian Language]]
| 1991
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Social:Urdu|Urdu]]
| {{flag|Pakistan}}
| [[Organization:National Language Promotion Department|National Language Promotion Department]] (اِدارۀ فروغِ قومی زُبان)
|
|-
| {{flag|India}}
| [[Organization:National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language|National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] (قومی کونسل برائے فروغ اردو زبان)
|
|-
| Urhobo
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| Urhobo Studies Association
|
|-
| [[Social:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| {{flag|Vietnam}}
| Institute of Linguistics of Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
|
|-
| [[Social:Võro language|Võro]]
| {{flag|Estonia}}
| Võro Institute
|
|-
| Waray
| {{flag|Philippines}}
| Sanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) ''defunct''
|
|-
| [[Social:Welsh language|Welsh]]
| {{flag|Wales}}
| Welsh Language Commissioner (Aled Roberts)
| 2012
|-
| West Frisian
| {{flag|Friesland}}
| [[Organization:Fryske Akademy|Fryske Akademy]] (Frisian Academy)
|1938
|-
| Wolof
| {{flag|Senegal}}
| Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at the [[Organization:Cheikh Anta Diop University|Cheikh Anta Diop University]])
|
|-
| Yiddish
| {{flag|United States}}<br>{{flag|Sweden}}<br>{{flag|Russia}}
| [[Organization:YIVO|YIVO]]<ref>{{cite web |title=YIVO Institute |url=http://www.yivoinstitute.org |access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref> (YIVO does not regulate or hold any sway over the Yiddish used in Ultra-Orthodox circles where the Yiddish language is most used in current times. The orthography and pronunciation of Yiddish in the Ultra-Orthodox communities is dramatically different from the standardized version of Yiddish devised by YIVO. A prime example of this is the spelling of the name for the Yiddish language in Yiddish itself. YIVO promotes the spelling "ייִדיש", while the spelling "אידיש" is more commonly used in most Ultra-Orthodox contexts.)
| 1925
|-
| [[Social:Yoruba language|Yoruba]]
| {{flag|Nigeria}}
| [[Organization:Yoruba Academy|Yoruba Academy]]
|October 2007
|}

== Constructed languages ==

Apart from the [[Organization:Akademio de Esperanto|Akademio de Esperanto]], most [[Constructed language|constructed language]]s (also called ''conlangs'') have no true linguistic regulators or language academies.<ref name=":0">Johan Derks, Prilingvaj institutoj de 18 naciaj lingvoj ([https://www.academia.edu/s/7d5e7b91ca/language-institutes-of-eighteen-states#comment_115944 Language Institutes of eighteen states]), Interlingvistikaj Studoj, UAM, 2014/17, Esperanta Interlingvistiko 1</ref>

=== Auxiliary languages ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Regulator(s)
|-
| [[Social:Esperanto|Esperanto]]
| [[Organization:Akademio de Esperanto|Akademio de Esperanto]]
|-
| [[Ido]]
| Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido
|-
| [[Lingua Franca Nova]]
| Asosia per Lingua Franca Nova
|-
| [[Social:Volapük|Volapük]]
| Kadäm Volapüka
|}

==== Esperanto ====

[[Social:Esperanto|Esperanto]] and Ido have been ''constructed'' (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and further developed by communities of users through [[Biology:Evolutionary linguistics|natural language evolution]].

Bodies such as the [[Organization:Akademio de Esperanto|Akademio de Esperanto]] look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.

==== Interlingua ====
[[Interlingua]] has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary is verified and recorded by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies. The International Auxiliary Language Association ceased to exist in 1954, and according to the secretary of Union Mundial de Interlingua "Interlingua doesn't need its Academy".<ref name=":0" />

=== Other constructed languages ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" | Regulator(s)
|-
| [[Social:Klingon language|Klingon]]
| Marc Okrand
|-
| [[Lojban]]
| Logical Language Group
|-
| [[Social:Naʼvi language|Naʼvi]]
| Paul Frommer
|-
| Talossan
| Comità per l'Útzil del Glheþ
|}

== Other bodies ==
These bodies do not attempt to regulate any language in a prescriptive manner and are primarily concerned with aiding and advising the government on policies regarding language usage.
* {{flag|Hong Kong}}: [http://www.csb.gov.hk/english/aboutus/org/scsd/1470.html Official Language Division Civil Service Bureau Government of Hong Kong] – concerned with matters concerning government language policy
* {{flag|Macau}}: [http://www.safp.gov.mo/safppt/index.htm Departamento dos Assuntos Linguísticos of the Public Administration and Civil Service Bureau of the Government of Macau] –concerned with matters concerning government language policy

== See also ==
* Proposals for an English Academy
* Language policy
* Language revival
* [[Social:Language planning|Language planning]]
* Linguistic purism
* [[Social:Languages in censuses|Languages in censuses]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Language Regulators}}
[[Category:Language regulators|*]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of language regulators}}