View source for Organization:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

{{Short description|Intergovernmental organisation}}
{{EngvarB|date = April 2019}}
{{Infobox geopolitical organization
| conventional_long_name = {{nowrap|Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States}}
| native_name            = {{native name|fr|item_style=font-size:88%| Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale}}
| linking_name           = The Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
| image_flag             = 
| symbol_type            = Logo
| image_symbol           = OECS Logo.svg
| symbol_width           = 150px
| alt_flag               = Logo
| image_map              = Map of OECS.svg
| map_width              = 250px
| map_caption            = {{colorbox|#30672fff}} Protocol member {{colorbox|#9fc64eff}} Associate member
| org_type               = [[Social:Political union|Political]] and [[Finance:Economic union|economic union]]
| membership             = {{collapsible list
|titlestyle  = background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;
|title       = 7 protocol
|{{ATG}} |{{DMA}} |{{GRD}} |{{MSR}} |{{KNA}} |{{LCA}} |{{VCT}}
}}
{{collapsible list
|titlestyle  = background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;
|title       = 4 associate
|{{AIA}} |{{VGB}} |{{GLP}} |{{MTQ}}
}}
| admin_center_type      = Commission
| admin_center           = [[Place:Castries|Castries]]
| languages_type         = [[Social:Working language|Working language]]s
| languages              = {{unbulleted list|[[Social:English language|English]]|[[Social:French language|French]]}}
| leader_title1          = Chairman
| leader_name1           = Ralph Gonsalves
| leader_title2          = Director-General
| leader_name2           = Didacus Jules
| established_event1     = Treaty of Basseterre
| established_date1      = 18 June 1981
| established_event2     = Revised Treaty of Basseterre
| established_date2      = 21 January 2011
| official_website       = {{URL|www.oecs.org}}
| area_km2               = 2,709
| area_sq_mi             = {{convert|2709|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| area_label             = Total
| area_label2            = Including Associate Members
| area_data2             = {{convert|5910|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| population_estimate    = {{increase}} 615,724
| population_estimate_year = 2017
| population_label2      = Including Associate Members
| population_data2       = 1,434,212
| population_density_km2 = 215.6
| population_density_sq_mi = 558.4
| GDP_nominal            = {{unbulleted list|$6.7 billion|$29.6 billion (Including Associate Members)}}<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&pr.y=12&sy=2016&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=311%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C364%2C328&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|title=IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018 |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{unbulleted list|$10,879|$20,622 (Including Associate Members)}} <ref name="imf.org"/>
| currency               = {{collapsible list
 |titlestyle= background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 |title     = 3 currencies
 | East Caribbean Dollar (Protocol members and Anguilla)
 | {{wipe|United States dollar}} (British Virgin Islands)
 | [[Finance:Euro|Euro]] (Guadeloupe, Martinique)
}}
| time_zone              = [[Atlantic Time Zone|AST]]
| utc_offset             = -4
| cctld                  = {{collapsible list
 |titlestyle= background:transparent; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;
 |title     = 10 [[Top-level domain|TLDs]]
 | {{flagicon|Anguilla}}               &nbsp;.ai
 | {{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}}    &nbsp;.ag
 | {{flagicon|British Virgin Islands}} &nbsp;.vg
 | {{flagicon|Dominica}}               &nbsp;.dm
 | {{flagicon|Grenada}}                &nbsp;.gd
 | {{flagicon|Guadeloupe}}             &nbsp;.gp
 | {{flagicon|Martinique}}             &nbsp;.mq/.fr
 | {{flagicon|Montserrat}}             &nbsp;.ms
 | {{flagicon|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}  &nbsp;.kn
 | {{flagicon|Saint Lucia}}            &nbsp;.lc
 | {{flagicon|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} &nbsp;.vc
}}
}}

The '''Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States''' ('''OECS'''; French: ''Organisation des États de la Caraïbe orientale'', '''OECO''') is an [[Social:Intergovernmental organization|inter-governmental organisation]] dedicated to economic harmonisation and integration, protection of human and legal rights, and the encouragement of [[Social:Good governance|good governance]] between countries and territories in the Eastern Caribbean. It also performs the role of spreading responsibility and liability in the event of natural disaster.

The administrative body of the OECS is the Commission, which is based in [[Place:Castries|Castries]], the capital of Saint Lucia.

OECS operates an [[Finance:Economic union|economic union]] within the larger CARICOM economic union. Eight members operate as a [[Finance:Currency union|currency union]] - the [[Organization:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union|Eastern Caribbean Currency Union]], using the [[Finance:Eastern Caribbean dollar|Eastern Caribbean dollar]].

== History ==
OECS was created on 18 June 1981, with the Treaty of Basseterre, which was named after [[Place:Basseterre|the capital city]] of St. Kitts and Nevis. OECS is the successor of the Leewards Islands' political organization known as the West Indies Associated States (WISA).

One prominent aspect of OECS economic bloc has been the accelerated pace of trans-national integration among its member states.

The seven protocol members of the OECS, as well as two of the four associate members—Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands—are either full or associate members of the [[Organization:Caribbean Community|Caribbean Community]] (CARICOM) and were among the second group of countries that joined the [[Finance:CARICOM Single Market and Economy|CARICOM Single Market and Economy]] (CSME). Martinique is currently negotiating to become an associate member of the Caribbean Community.

==Projects==
===Passport===
A common OECS Passport was originally planned for January 1, 2003<ref name="OECS Economic Union">{{cite web |url=http://oecs.org/econunion.htm |title=OECS Economic Union |website=oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024075923/http://oecs.org/econunion.htm |archive-date=24 October 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> but its introduction was delayed. At the 38th&nbsp;OECS Authority Meeting in January 2004, the Secretariat was mandated to have the two companies expressing an interest in producing the common passport (De La Rue Identity Systems and the Canadian Banknote Company<ref name="Movement towards common OECS passport">{{cite web |url=http://oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_39Authoruty_1stday.htm |title=Archived copy |website=oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024083356/http://oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_39Authoruty_1stday.htm |archive-date=24 October 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>) make presentations at the next  (39th) Authority Meeting.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/38th_authmeeting_Communique.pdf |title=Communiqué – 38th&nbsp;Meeting of the OECS Authority|publisher=Oecs.org|access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> At the 39th&nbsp;Meeting the critical issue of the relationship between the OECS passport and the CARICOM passport was discussed<ref name="Movement towards common OECS passport" /> and at the 40th&nbsp;OECS Authority Meeting in November 2004, the OECS Heads of Government agreed to give CARICOM a further 6&nbsp;months (until May 2005) to introduce a CARICOM Passport. Failure to introduce the CARICOM Passport by that time would have resulted in the OECS moving ahead with its plans to introduce the OECS Passport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/assets/40th_authmeeting_Communique.pdf |title=Communiqué – 40th Meeting of the OECS Authority |publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> As the CARICOM Passport was first introduced in January 2005 (by Suriname) then the idea of the OECS Passport was abandoned. Had the passport been introduced however it would not have been issued to Economic Citizens within the OECS states.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/35%20authority%20meeting%20communique.pdf |title=Communiqué – 35th Meeting of the OECS Authority |publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref>

It would also be unknown if the islands under British sovereignty would join the scheme.

===Economic union===
The decision to establish an [[Finance:Economic and monetary union|economic union]] was taken by OECS Heads of Government at the 34th&nbsp;meeting of the Authority held in Dominica in July 2001. At the 35th&nbsp;meeting of the Authority in Anguilla in January 2002, the main elements of an economic union implementation project were endorsed. The project was expected to be implemented over a two-year period with seven of the nine OECS member states (i.e. Antigua and Barbuda, [[Earth:Dominica|Dominica]], Grenada, Montserrat, St.&nbsp;Kitts and Nevis, St.&nbsp;Lucia and St.&nbsp;Vincent and the Grenadines) participating in the economic union initiative. The remaining two member states, [[Biology:Anguilla|Anguilla]] and the British Virgin Islands, would not have participated immediately, but would have requested time to consider the issue further.<ref name="OECS Economic Union"/> In 2003, work had been initiated on the central issue of the creation of new Treaty arrangements to replace the Treaty of Basseterre which established the OECS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/lib_econunion_series.htm |title=Economic Union Series |website=www.oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412151325/http://www.oecs.org/lib_econunion_series.htm |archive-date=12 April 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Among the elements of the project was the creation of a technical committee for a draft OECS Economic Union Treaty. This technical committee was inaugurated on May 4, 2004 and began designing the draft Treaty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_EUcommitte_1stmeeting.htm |title=Archived copy |website=oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024083846/http://oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_EUcommitte_1stmeeting.htm |archive-date=24 October 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== OECS Economic Treaty ====
The new OECS Economic Union Treaty was finally presented at the 43rd&nbsp;OECS Meeting in St.&nbsp;Kitts on June 21, 2006.<ref name="OECS Unveils New Economic Union Treaty">[http://oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_new_treaty_unveiled.html]{{dead link|date=November 2015}}</ref> The Authority requested changes to allow a role for national parliamentary representatives (both government and opposition) of the Member States in the form of a regional Assembly of Parliamentarians. This body, it was felt, was necessary to act as a legislative filter to the Authority in its law making capacity. The Heads further directed that the Treaty be reviewed by a meeting of members of the Task Force, Attorneys General, the draftsperson for the Treaty and representatives of the OECS Secretariat.

The presentation of the Treaty at the Meeting was followed by the signing of a Declaration of Intent to implement the Treaty by the Heads of Government or their representatives (except that of the British Virgin Islands). It was agreed in the Declaration, that implementation of the Treaty would occur only after a year of public consultation, through a mass national and regional education programme with strong political leadership and direction. According to the Declaration, the Treaty was to be signed, and the Economic Union was to be established by July 1, 2007.<ref name="Communiqué 43rd Meeting of the OECS Authority">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/43rd_authmeeting_communique.pdf |title=Communiqué – 43rd Meeting of the OECS Authority |publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054858/http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/43rd_authmeeting_communique.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Revised treaty ====
This intended deadline was missed, however, and after the signing of the '''Revised Treaty of Basseterre Establishing the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States Economic Union''' on June 18, 2010,<ref name="Jan For 2011 OECS Economic Union">{{cite web |url=http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100623/business/business92.html |title=Jan for 2011 OECS economic union &#124; Business |publisher=Jamaica Gleaner |date=2010-06-23 |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref><ref name="OECS leaders sign new Economic Union treaty">{{cite web |url=http://www.caribbean360.com/news/28799.rss |title=OECS leaders sign new Economic Union treaty - Caribbean360 |website=www.caribbean360.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124092112/http://www.caribbean360.com/news/28799.rss |archive-date=24 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the newest target date of January 21, 2011 was met when five of the six independent signatory Member States ratified the Treaty.<ref name="OECS Economic Union goes into effect">{{cite web |url=http://www.caribbean360.com/news/st_lucia_news/191430.html |title=OECS Economic Union goes into effect - Caribbean360 |website=www.caribbean360.com |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124091804/http://www.caribbean360.com/news/st_lucia_news/191430.html |archive-date=24 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> These were Antigua and Barbuda (December 30, 2010), St.&nbsp;Vincent and the Grenadines (January 12, 2011), St.&nbsp;Kitts and Nevis (January 20, 2011), Grenada (January 20, 2011) and Dominica (January 21, 2011).<ref name="OECS Economic Union Launch">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/regional-integration/press-releases/745-oecs-member-states-achieve-historic-milestone-ahead-of-52nd-authority-meeting- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806164829/http://www.oecs.org/regional-integration/press-releases/745-oecs-member-states-achieve-historic-milestone-ahead-of-52nd-authority-meeting- |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-06 |title=The Eleventh meeting of the OECS Council of Tourism Ministers focuses on implementing the OECS Common Tourism Policy. |publisher=OECS |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> In order for the Treaty to have entered into force at least four of the independent Member States must have ratified it by January 21, 2011.<ref name="OECS Economic Union ratified">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2011/01/110121_oecsunionjan21.shtml |title=BBCCaribbean.com &#124; OECS Economic Union ratified |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> Montserrat had received entrustments from the United Kingdom to sign the Treaty<ref name="Jan For 2011 OECS Economic Union" /> but is unlikely to be in a position ratify the Treaty before a new constitution comes into force in the territory.<ref name="Montserrat ratification a Work in Progress">{{cite web |url=http://www.trulycaribbean.net/?p=3370 |title=Montserrat ratifying the OECS Economic Union Treaty a "Work in Progress" |publisher=TrulyCaribbean.Net |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215124113/http://www.trulycaribbean.net/?p=3370 |archive-date=2011-02-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the need of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank to temporarily assume control of two indigenous commercial banks in Anguilla, the Chief Minister of Anguilla, Hubert Hughes, announced on August 12, 2013 that Anguilla will seek to join the OECS Economic Union as soon possible in order to fully participate in the strategy of growth conceived by the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (which was crafted within the context of the Economic Union).<ref name="Statement by the Chief Minister of Anguilla">{{cite web |url=http://www.eccb-centralbank.org/PDF/ang_chief_minister.pdf |title=STATEMENT BY THE CHIEF MINISTER OF ANGUILLA THE HONOURABLE HUBERT HUGHES on The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Assuming Control of the Caribbean Commercial Bank (CCB) and the National Bank of Anguilla Ltd (NBA) |date=12 August 2013 |publisher=Eccb-centralbank.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> He was supported in his position by St.&nbsp;Lucia's Prime Minister, Dr. Kenny Anthony, who also called on Anguilla to join the Economic Union to complement its membership of the Currency Union.<ref name="ECCB assumes control of indigenous banks in Anguilla">{{cite web |url=http://www.themontserratreporter.com/anguillas-indigenous-commercial-banks-taken-over-by-eastern-caribbean-central-bank-eccb/ |title=The ECCB Assumes Control of Indigenous Banks in Anguilla |publisher=The Montserrat Reporter |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref>

==== Provisions of the Treaty ====
The provisions of the Economic Union Treaty prior to its ratification were expected to include:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/Economic_Summit_Comminque.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070630050407/http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/Economic_Summit_Comminque.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-06-30 |title=Special OECS Economic Summit Meeting |publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref><ref>https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070630050404/http://www.oecs.org/Documents/economic_union/Paper%20No%2017%20-%20Treaty%20of%20Basseterre%20%20OECS%20EU.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> 
* The free circulation of goods and trade in services within the OECS
* Free movement of labour by December 2007
* The free movement of capital (via support of the money and capital market programme of the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank)
* A regional Assembly of Parliamentarians
* A common external tariff.

Some of these provisions would already have been covered to some extent by the CSME, but some, such as the Assembly of Parliamentarians, would be unique to the OECS. Although some of the provisions would seem to duplicate efforts by the CSME, the Declaration of Intent<ref name="OECS Unveils New Economic Union Treaty"/> and statements by some OECS leaders,<ref>[http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000022/002221.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213000424/http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000022/002221.htm|date=February 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/oecs_news/oecs_new_treaty.jsp |title=OECS Leaders sign Declaration of Intent to form Economic Union |publisher=Caricom.org |date=2011-06-30 |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019121240/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/oecs_news/oecs_new_treaty.jsp |archive-date=2015-10-19}}</ref> acknowledge the CSME and give assurance that the OECS Economic Union would not run counter to CARICOM integration but that it would become seamlessly integrated into the CSME. To this end, the OECS Heads of Government agreed that steps should be taken to ensure that the OECS Economic Union Treaty would be recognised under the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, just as the original Treaty of Chaguaramas had recognised the Treaty of Basseterre. 
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/43rd_authmeeting_communique.pdf |title=Communiqué – 43rd Meeting of the OECS Authority|publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054858/http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/43rd_authmeeting_communique.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

This was achieved in 2013 at the Twenty-Fourth Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of CARICOM held in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from 18–19 February 2013. At that conference CARICOM leaders adopted the OECS’ Revised Treaty of Basseterre into CARICOM’s Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas, which St.&nbsp;Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister, Ralph Gonsalves said would effectively give CARICOM member states the opportunity of integrating initially with the OECS and taking a seemingly quicker path to integration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caribjournal.com/2013/02/19/can-haiti-jumpstart-caricom/ |title=Can Haiti Jumpstart CARICOM? |publisher=Caribjournal.com |date=2013-02-19 |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> In order to achieve this the Conference agreed that the Inter-Governmental Task Force (IGTF) revising the Treaty of Chaguaramas would recognise the provisions of the Treaty establishing the Economic Union of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The IGTF was mandated to refer back to the Conference at its next meeting on this issue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/press_releases_2013/pres35_13.jsp |title=ommuniqué issued at the conclusion of the Twenty-Fourth Inter-Sessional Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM),18-19 February 2013,Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti |publisher=Caricom |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127064143/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/press_releases_2013/pres35_13.jsp |archive-date=2015-11-27}}</ref>

The Economic Union Treaty's provisions are now expected to establish a Single Financial and Economic Space within which goods, people and capital move freely; harmonize monetary and fiscal policies Member States are expected continue to adopt a common approach to trade, health, education and environment, as well as to the development of such critical sectors as agriculture, tourism and energy.<ref name="OECS Economic Union Launch" /> The Economic Union Treaty (or Revised Treaty as it is sometimes known) will also create two new organs for governing the OCES;  The Regional Assembly (consisting of members of parliaments/legislatures) and  The Commission (a strengthened Secretariat).<ref name="Economic Union Treaty FAQs">{{cite web |url=http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/docs/FAQs_OECS_Integration.pdf |title=Web Portal of the Government of Saint Lucia |publisher=Stlucia.gov.lc |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320001634/http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/docs/FAQs_OECS_Integration.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-20}}</ref> The free movement of OECS nationals within the subregion is expected to commence in August 2011 after a commitment towards that goal by the Heads of Government at their meeting in May 2011.<ref name="Free movement across OECS by August">{{cite web |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Free-movement-across-OECS-by-August_9077323 |title=Free movement across OECS by August - News |publisher=JamaicaObserver.com |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127002259/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Free-movement-across-OECS-by-August_9077323 |archive-date=2015-11-27}}</ref>

This was achieved on schedule with the six independent OECS members and later Montserrat with nationals being allowed to enter the participating Member States without hindrance and remain for an indefinite period in order to work, establish businesses; provide services or to reside.<ref name="OECS free movement fully mobilized">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/economic-union-press/916-free-movement-of-citizens-across-the-oecs-economic-union-is-a-reality |title=Free movement of Citizens across the OECS Economic Union is a reality |publisher=OECS |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141123174431/http://www.oecs.org/economic-union-press/916-free-movement-of-citizens-across-the-oecs-economic-union-is-a-reality |archive-date=2014-11-23}}</ref><ref name="OECS achieves 2 years of free movement" /> The free movement of OECS nationals throughout the Economic Union is underpinned by legislation and is facilitated by administrative mechanisms <ref name="OECS achieves 2 years of free movement">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/economic-union-press/761-oecs-region-achieves-two-years-of-the-free-movement-of-persons-throughout-the-oecs-economic-union |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160302004136/http://www.oecs.org/economic-union-press/761-oecs-region-achieves-two-years-of-the-free-movement-of-persons-throughout-the-oecs-economic-union |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-02 |title=Region achieves two years of the free movement of persons throughout the OECS Economic Union. |publisher=OECS |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> This is achieved by OECS nationals entering the special immigration lines for CARICOM nationals when traveling throughout the Economic Union and presenting a valid photo ID and completed Entry/Departure form whereupon the immigration officer shall grant the national entry for an indefinite period save where the national presents a security risk or where there exists some other legal basis for prohibiting entry.<ref name="administrative arrangements for free movement">{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/publications/doc_download/557-free-movement-of-oecs-citizens-administrative-arrangements-procedures |format=PDF |title=Free Movement of OECS Citizens : Administrative Arrangements and Procedures |publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Membership ==
OECS currently has eleven members which together form a continuous [[Earth:Archipelago|archipelago]] across the Leeward Islands and Windward Islands. [[Biology:Anguilla|Anguilla]], the British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe and Martinique are only associate members of OECS. Diplomatic missions of the OECS do not represent the associate members. For all other purposes, associate members are treated as equals of full members.

Six of the members were formerly colonies of the {{wipe|United Kingdom}}. Three others, Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat remain overseas territories of the UK while Martinique and Guadeloupe are French departments and regions of France. Eight of the eleven members are constitutional monarchies with King Charles III as their current monarch ([[Earth:Dominica|Dominica]] is a [[Social:Republic|republic]] with a President). There is no requirement for the members to have been British colonies; however, the close historical, cultural and economic relationship fostered by almost all of them having been British colonies is as much a factor in the membership of the OECS as their geographical proximity.

All seven full members are also the founding members of the OECS, having been a part of the organisation since its founding on 18 June 1981. The British Virgin Islands was the first associate member, joining on 22 November 1984 and Anguilla was the second, joining in 1995. Martinique became an associate member on April 12, 2016<ref>Caribbean 360, April 12, 2016, [http://www.caribbean360.com/news/martinique-joins-oecs Martinique now a member of OECS]</ref> becoming the first non-British or formerly British territory to join the OECS.<ref name="Martinique OECS membership">{{cite web |url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/regional/martinique-oecs-membership-described-as-historic/ |title=Martinique OECS membership described as 'historic' |date=5 February 2015 |publisher=Dominica News Online |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://oecsbusinessfocus.com/an-interview-with-dr-didacus-jules-director-general-oecs-part-2/ |title=AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. DIDACUS JULES DIRECTOR GENERAL OECS – PART 2 |date=2015-11-06 |access-date=2016-01-31 |publisher=OECS Business Focus}}</ref> Guadeloupe joined as an associate member of the OECS on March 14, 2019 at a Special Meeting of the OECS Authority held on that island on March 14–15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pressroom.oecs.org/media-alert-guadeloupe-to-accede-to-associate-membership-of-oecs-at-opening-ceremony-for-special-meeting-of-oecs-authority-on-march-14-2019 |title=Guadeloupe to accede to associate membership of OECS at Opening Ceremony for Special Meeting of OECS Authority on March 14, 2019 |date=2019-03-08 |access-date=2019-03-11 |publisher=OECS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oecsbusinessfocus.com/guadeloupe-to-be-admitted-as-an-associate-member-of-oecs/ |title=GUADELOUPE TO BE ADMITTED AS AN ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF OECS |date=2019-01-01 |access-date=2019-03-11 |publisher=OECS Business Focus}}</ref> In 2019 the OECS Authority agreed to approve the transition of Saint-Martin from observer status to associate membership by the end of December 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oecs.org/en/news-and-events/achievements/2017-2018 |title=The achievement of the OECS: Membership |date=2019-01-01 |access-date=2019-09-04 |publisher=OECS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecaribbeanpost.com/oecs-council-of-ministers-navigate-geopolitical-landscape-caribbean-news-now/amp/ |title=OECS council of ministers navigate geopolitical landscape |date=2019-05-20 |access-date=2019-09-04 |publisher=Caribbean News Now}}</ref>

The list of full and associate members of the OECS is as follows:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; width:100%"
!style="line-height:95%" |State
!Status
!Capital
!Joined
!Pop.
<sup>(2017)</sup>
!Area
<sup>(km²)</sup>
!GDP
<sup>(Nominal)<br />(millions of US$)</sup>
!GDP
<sup>(Nominal)<br />per cap.</sup>
![[Engineering:Human Development Index|HDI]]
<sup>New 2017</sup><br /><ref name=IHDI-UNDP>{{cite web |title=International Human Development Indicators |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/profiles/ |work=Human Development Report 2013, The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=23 March 2013}}</ref><ref name=Sub.Nat.HDI>{{cite web |title=Subnational Human Development Index |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/|access-date=13 March 2019}}</ref>
![[Finance:Currency|Curr.]]
!Official<br />Language(s)
|-
|{{country|Antigua and Barbuda}}||Member||[[Place:St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]]||Founder
|{{0}}91,244<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/ATG/GRD/DMA/LCA/VCT/KNA |website=www.imf.org |title=GDP per capita, current prices |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref>
|{{0|0,}}443||{{0}}1,524<ref name=":0"/>||$16,702<ref name=":0"/>||{{increase}}0.780||EC$||[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{country|Commonwealth of Dominica|1978}}||Member||[[Place:Roseau|Roseau]]||Founder
|{{0}}70,693<ref name=":0"/>||{{0|0,}}751||{{0|00,}}557<ref name=":0"/>||${{0}}7,879<ref name=":0"/>||{{Decrease}}0.715
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{country|Grenada}}||Member||[[Place:St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]]||Founder
|107,541<ref name=":0"/>||{{0|0,}}344||{{0}}1,119<ref name=":0"/>||$10,405<ref name=":0"/>||{{increase}}0.772
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{country|Montserrat|1960}}||Member||[[Place:Brades|Brades]]||Founder
|{{0|00}}{{UN_Population|Montserrat}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/dnlList.asp |title=National Accounts Main Aggregates Database}}</ref>
|{{0|0,}}102||{{0|00,0}}63<ref name=":1"/>||$12,301<ref name=":1"/>||{{increase}}0.821
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} Saint Kitts and Nevis||Member||[[Place:Basseterre|Basseterre]]||Founder
|{{0}}55,411<ref name=":0"/>||{{0|0,}}261||{{0|00,}}964<ref name=":0"/>||$17,397<ref name=":0"/>||{{increase}}0.778
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{country|Saint Lucia}}||Member||[[Place:Castries|Castries]]||Founder
|175,498<ref name=":0"/>||{{0|0,}}617||{{0}}1,684<ref name=":0"/>||${{0}}9,607<ref name=":0"/>||{{increase}}0.747
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
|{{country|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}||Member||[[Place:Kingstown|Kingstown]]||Founder
|110,185<ref name=":0"/>||{{0|0,}}389||{{0|00,}}785<ref name=":0"/>||${{0}}7,124<ref name=":0"/>||{{increase}}0.723
|EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
| style="background:#cdf"|{{country|Anguilla}}||Associate Member|||[[Place:The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]]||1995
|{{0}}15,253<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://westindiacommittee.org/ |title=Welcome to the West India Committee |website=The West India Committee|language=en-US |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref>
|{{0|0,0}}96||{{0|00,}}337<ref name=":2"/>|| $22,090<ref name=":2"/>||{{increase}}0.865||EC$
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
| style="background:#cdf"|{{country|British Virgin Islands}}||Associate Member|||[[Place:Road Town|Road Town]]||1984
|{{0}}35,015<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.caribank.org/sites/default/files/publication-resources/BVI%20CER%202018_final.pdf |title=British Virgin Islands Country Economic Review 2017 |website=www.caribank.org |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref>
|{{0|0,}}151||{{0}}1,164<ref name=":3"/>|| $33,233<ref name=":3"/>||{{increase}}0.945||{{wipe|United States dollar}}
|[[Social:English language|English]]
|-
| style="background:#cdf"|{{country|Guadeloupe}}||Associate Member|||[[Place:Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]||2019
|393,640<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cerom-outremer.fr/IMG/pdf/tdb_cerom_guadeloupe_t22018.pdf|title=Tableau de bord économique de la Guadeloupe |website=www.cerom-outremer.fr |access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref>
|{{Nts|1628}}||10,946<ref name=":5"/>|| $27,808<ref name=":5"/>||{{increase}}0.850||[[Finance:Euro|Euro]]||[[Social:French language|French]]
|-
| style="background:#cdf"|{{country|Martinique}}||Associate Member|||[[Place:Fort-de-France|Fort-de-France]]||2015
|374,780<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cerom-outremer.fr/IMG/pdf/comptesrapides__2017_martinique.pdf|title=Les comptes économiques de la Martinique en 2017 |access-date=2019-01-11}}</ref>
|{{Nts|1128}}||10,438<ref name=":4"/>|| $27,851<ref name=":4"/>||{{increase}}0.863||[[Finance:Euro|Euro]]||[[Social:French language|French]]
|}
Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat are British Overseas Territories. Thus, foreign relations are the responsibility of the UK government.
Guadeloupe and Martinique are Republic of France Overseas departments and regions. Thusly foreign relations are the responsibility of the French government.

=== Possible future memberships ===
Although almost all of the current full and associate members are past or present British dependencies, other islands in the region have expressed interest in becoming associate members of the OECS. The first was the United States Virgin Islands, which applied for associate membership in February 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact92/wf930258.txt |format=TXT |title= CIA World Factbook 1992 via the Libraries of the Universities of Missouri-St.&nbsp;Louis |quote=Scroll to "Member of" section |publisher=Umsl.edu |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> and requested that US Federal Government allow the territory to participate as such.<ref name="Special Committee approves draft texts on Tokelau, US Virgin Islands">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2002/gacol3066.doc.htm |title=Special Committee Approves Draft Texts On Tokelau, United States Virgin Islands, Guam &#124; Meetings Coverage And Press Releases |publisher=Un.org |date=2002-06-17 |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> At that time, it was felt by the US government that it was not an appropriate time to make such a request. However, the US Virgin Islands remained interested in the OECS and, as of 2002, stated that it would revisit the issue with the US government at a later date.<ref name="Special Committee approves draft texts on Tokelau, US Virgin Islands"/> In 2001, Saba, an island of the Netherlands Antilles, decided to seek membership in the OECS. Saba's Island Council had passed a motion on May 30, 2001 calling for Saba's membership in the organisation and subsequently on June 7, 2001, the Executive Council of Saba decided in favour of membership. Saba's senator in the Netherlands Antilles parliament was then asked to present a motion requesting the Antillean parliament to support Saba's quest for membership. In addition to the support from the Antillean parliament, Saba also required a dispensation from the government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to become an associate member of the OECS.<ref>[http://thedailyherald.com/news/daily/e18/oecs18.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030121093557/http://thedailyherald.com/news/daily/e18/oecs18.html|date=January 21, 2003}}</ref> Saba's bid for membership was reportedly supported by St.&nbsp;Kitts and Nevis and discussed at the 34th&nbsp;meeting of OECS leaders in Dominica in July.<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/caribbean/807551-1.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930205000/http://www.allbusiness.com/caribbean/807551-1.html|date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> Also in 2001, Sint Maarten, another part of the Netherlands Antilles, explored the possibility of joining the OECS. After learning of Saba's intentions to join, St.&nbsp;Maarten suggested exploring ways in which Saba and St.&nbsp;Maarten could support each other in their pursuit of membership.<ref>[http://www.montserratreporter.org/fra0901-4.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220141343/http://www.montserratreporter.org/fra0901-4.htm|date=December 20, 2004}}</ref>

None of the prospective members have become associate members as yet, but Saba, St.&nbsp;Eustatius and St.&nbsp;Maarten do participate in the meetings of the Council of Tourism Ministers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Documents/communiques_meetings/39th_authmeeting_communique.pdf |title=Communiqué 39th&nbsp;Meeting of the OECS Authority|publisher=Oecs.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> (as the Forum of Tourism Ministers of the Eastern Caribbean, along with representatives of Saint-Martin, Saint Barthélemy, Martinique and Guadeloupe).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_ocot%20meeting%20end.htm |title=News |website=www.oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928191505/http://www.oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_ocot%20meeting%20end.htm |archive-date=28 September 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Political union with Trinidad and Tobago===
On 13 August 2008 the leaders of Trinidad & Tobago, Grenada, St.&nbsp;Lucia, and St.&nbsp;Vincent & the Grenadines announced their intention to pursue a sub-regional political union within CARICOM.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grenada PM arrives in Trinidad |publisher=Caribbean News Agency (CANA) |url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/28701/2008-08-13.html |access-date=2008-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821154839/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/28701/2008-08-13.html |archive-date=2008-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Manning-as host and 'unifier' Trinidad PM meets OECS leaders to discuss unity initiative Trinidad Express Newspaper - By Rickey Singh |url= http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_opinion?id=161363222 |access-date=2008-10-24}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
As part of the preliminary discussions the Heads of Government for the involved states announced that 2011 would see their states entering into an economic union.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trinidad PM meets OECS leaders to discuss unity initiative Trinidad PM meets OECS leaders to discuss unity initiative |publisher=Caribbean News Agency (CANA) |url=http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/30910/2008-10-23.html |access-date=2008-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030011851/http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/30910/2008-10-23.html |archive-date=2010-10-30}}</ref><ref name="NationNews">{{cite news|url=http://www.nationnews.com/life/312418478580604.php |title=Leaders mum on T&T, OECS plan |access-date=2008-10-30 |date=2008-10-30 |work=Nation Newspaper |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320101726/http://www.nationnews.com/life/312418478580604.php |archive-date=March 20, 2012}}</ref> This was however derailed by a change of government in Trinidad and Tobago in 2010.

===Venezuela seeking membership===
In 2008 the heads of the OECS also received a request from Venezuela to join the grouping.<ref>{{cite web |title = BBC Caribbean News in Brief - OECS considers Venezuela request | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2008/11/081121_nibnov21pm.shtml|publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=2008-11-21}}</ref>

The OECS Director General at the time Len Ishmael confirmed Venezuela's application was discussed at the 48th&nbsp;Meeting of the OECS Authority held in Montserrat. But she said OECS decision-makers within the region were yet to determine whether membership should be granted for Venezuela.  Since that application, Membership was not granted as it has been limited to the Eastern Caribbean archipelago.


== Composite & Organs ==
===Secretariat===
[[Image:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States.jpg|thumb|200px|OECS Secretariat building.]]
The functions of the Organization are set out in the Treaty of Basseterre and are coordinated by the Secretariat under the direction and management of the Director General.

The OECS functions in a rapidly changing international economic environment, characterised by globalisation and trade liberalisation which are posing serious challenges to the economic and social stability of their small island members.
 
It is the purpose of the Organisation to assist its Members to respond to these multi-faceted challenges by identifying scope for joint or coordinated action towards the economic and social advancement of their countries.
 
The restructuring of the Secretariat was informed by considerations of cost effectiveness in the context of the need to respond to the increasing challenges placed on it, taking into account the limited fiscal capacities of its members. The Secretariat consists of four main Divisions responsible for: External Relations, Functional Cooperation, Corporate Services and Economic Affairs. These four Divisions oversee the work of a number of specialised institutions, work units or projects located in six countries: Antigua/Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, St Lucia, Belgium, Canada, and the United States of America.

In carrying out its mission, the OECS works along with a number of sub-regional and regional agencies and institutions. These include the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB); the Caribbean Community (Caricom) Secretariat; the Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery (RNM)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crnm.org/ |title=Welcome To OTN |publisher=Crnm.org |access-date=2015-11-26}}</ref> and the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB).

=== Director General ===
The authority within the OECS Secretariat is led by the Director General. The current Director General of the OECS is Dr. Didacus Jules (Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of the Barbados-based Caribbean Examinations Council), who took his new position on 1 of May 2014. The former Dr. Len Ishmael demitted the office at the end of December 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/media-center/press-releases/secretariat/817-oecs-authority-selects-dr-didacus-jules-as-new-director-general |title=Authority Selects Dr. Didacus Jules as New Director-General |publisher=OECS |access-date=2015-11-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140611132109/http://www.oecs.org/media-center/press-releases/secretariat/817-oecs-authority-selects-dr-didacus-jules-as-new-director-general |archive-date=2014-06-11}}</ref>

== Central Bank ==
Many of the OECS member-states are participants in the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) monetary authority. The regional central bank oversees financial and banking integrity for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States economic bloc of states. Part of the bank's oversight is maintaining the financial integrity of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD). Of all OECS member-states, only the British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe and Martinique do not use the East Caribbean dollar as their de facto native currency.

All other members belong to the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union.

==Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court==
The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC), which was created during the era of WISA, today handles the judicial matters in the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States. When a trial surpasses the stage of High Court in an OECS member state, it can then be passed on to the ECSC at the level of Supreme court. Cases appealed from the stage of ECSC Supreme Court will then be referred to the jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) was established in 2003, but constitutional changes need to be put in place before the CCJ becomes the final Court of Appeal.<ref>[http://www.ecsupremecourts.org.lc/]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813095033/http://www.ecsupremecourts.org.lc/|date=August 13, 2014}}.</ref>

===Other agencies===
* Eastern Caribbean Civil Aviation Authority

==Security==
The OECS sub-region has a military support unit known as the Regional Security System (RSS). It is made up of the independent countries of the OECS along with Barbados and Guyana. The unit is based in the island of Barbados and receives funding and training from various countries including the {{wipe|United States}}, {{wipe|Canada}} and the People's Republic of China.

== Foreign missions ==
{| style="background:none"
|-
| '''Country''' || '''Location''' || '''Mission'''
|-
| style="width:130px"| {{BEL}} || style="width:100px"| Brussels
| Embassies of the Eastern Caribbean States and Missions to the European Union<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oecs.org/en/embassies-about |title=Embassies of the Eastern Caribbean States and Missions to the European Union |access-date=2019-11-09 |archive-date=2019-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109143645/https://www.oecs.org/en/embassies-about |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| {{CHE}} || [[Place:Geneva|Geneva]]
| Permanent Delegation of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States in Geneva<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oecs.org/en/geneva-about |title=The OECS Technical Mission in Geneva |access-date=2019-11-09 |archive-date=2019-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109143647/https://www.oecs.org/en/geneva-about |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}

==Health – Pharmaceutical Procurement Service==
The Pharmaceutical Procurement Service, also known as the Eastern Caribbean Drug Service, procures medicines and allied health equipment on behalf of the member States.  It has an 840 item product portfolio based on the regional [[Medicine:Formulary (pharmacy)|formulary]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pharmaceutical Procurement Scheme |url=https://www.oecs.org/pps-about |website=Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States |access-date=18 November 2018}}</ref>  it is said to generate savings of $5 million a year.<ref>{{cite news |title=OECS health ministers endorse deeper cooperation with French territories |url=https://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/2018/11/04/oecs-health-ministers-endorse-deeper-cooperation-with-french-territories/ |access-date=18 November 2018 |publisher=Caribbean News Today |date=4 November 2018}}</ref>

==Symbols, Flag and logo==
The flag and logo of the OECS consists of a complex pattern of concentric design elements on a pale green field, focused on a circle of nine inwardly pointed orange triangles and nine outwardly pointed white triangles. It was adopted June 21, 2006, and first raised on that day at [[Place:Basseterre|Basseterre]], St.&nbsp;Kitts and Nevis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_new_flag_raised.html |title=News |website=oecs.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060703044255/http://www.oecs.org/Press%20Releases/news_new_flag_raised.html |archive-date=3 July 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/int-oecs.html |title=Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)|website=crwflags.com}}</ref>

==See also==
*Association of Caribbean States
*[[Organization:Caribbean Community|Caribbean Community]]
*European Economic Area
*Eastern Caribbean Davis Cup team
*Eastern Caribbean Fed Cup team
*Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange
*Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
*List of Indigenous Names of Eastern Caribbean Islands
*List of regional organizations by population
*Regional Security System (OECS state members and Barbados)
*Residence Card
*West Indies Associated States

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.eccb-centralbank.org/ Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813095033/http://www.ecsupremecourts.org.lc/ Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC)]
*[http://www.ectel.int/ Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Limited (ECTEL)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060716075819/http://www.oecs.org/oeru/ Education Reform Unit (OERU)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050807080552/http://www.oecs-edu.org/ OECS Export Development Unit (OECS-EDU)]
*[http://www.oecsculture.com/ OECS Cultural Network]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Organisation Of Eastern Caribbean States}}
[[Category:International economic organizations]]
[[Category:International political organizations]]

{{Sourceattribution|Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States}}