View source for Organization:Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology

{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2020}}
{{short description|National research institute and national laboratory site}}
{{ infobox| above       = <span style="color:white;">Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH)</span>
| abovestyle  = background-color: #10683E
| subheader   = 
| image1      =[[File:PINSTECH logo.jpg|200px]] 
| caption1    = 
| headerstyle = background-color: #10683E
| label2      = Established:
| data2       = {{Start date and years ago|mf=no|1965|12|21}}
| label3      = Director General:
| data3       = Dr. Qamar-ul-Haque
| label4      = Location:
| data4       = Nilore, Islamabad Capital Territory, {{wipe|Pakistan}}
| label5      = Budget:
| data5       =
| label6      = Jurisdiction
| data6       = Government of Pakistan<br>{{small|MoST}}, {{small|MoE}}, {{small|MoD}}, {{small|PNRA}}
| label7      =Fields of research
| data7       =[[Physics:Neutron|Neutron science]]<br />[[Engineering:Renewable energy|Renewable energy]]<br />[[High-performance computing]]<br />[[Biology:Systems biology|Systems biology]]<br />[[Physics:Materials science|Materials science]]<br /> [[Engineering:Nuclear technology|Nuclear]] and Reactor technology<br>[[Physics:Radiation|Radiation]] and Laser sciences<br>[[Physics:Photon|Photon sciences]]<br>Physical sciences<br>[[Data science]]
| label8      = Nickname
| data8       = '''PINSTECH'''
| label9      = Staff :
| data9       = 
| label10     =Research affiliations
| data10      = [[Organization:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|PAEC]], NCP, ICTP, [[Organization:Argonne National Laboratory|ANL]], [[Organization:Oak Ridge National Laboratory|ORNL]], CERN
}}


Located in Nilore, it maintains a broad portfolio in providing post-graduate and post-doctoral research opportunities in [[Supercomputing in Pakistan|supercomputing]], [[Engineering:Renewable energy|renewable energy]], physical, philosophical, materials, [[Environmental science|environmental]], and [[Mathematical sciences|mathematical sciences]].<ref name="PINSTECH Newsletter">{{cite journal|last1=Bashir|first1=Asif|editor1-last=Akhter, PhD|editor1-first=Javed Iqbal|editor2-last=Khan|editor2-first=Iqbal Hussain|title=Editor's Corner|journal=PINSTECH Newsletter|date=12 May 2012|volume=2|issue=16|url=http://www.sidnlps.org.pk/pictures/PNL-MAY-JUN-2012.pdf}}</ref>

Researchers and scholars are invited from universities throughout Pakistan.<ref name="PINSTECH Newsletter"/>

==Overview==

===Research scope===

The PINSTECH is regarded as the one of the most advanced and premium research facility in Pakistan.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society">{{cite web|last1=et. al. Unknown|title=Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology|url=http://www.pakchem.net/2011/09/pakistan-institute-of-nuclear-science.html#.VGca6GcubKc|publisher=Pakistan Chemistry Society|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref> As of 2016, PINSTECH's major research focus is on:

*Conducting scientific research and publications in nuclear field at the international level.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>
*Technological development on nuclear sciences for peaceful usage.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>
*Producing radioisotopes and radio pharmaceuticals for catering to the needs of nuclear medical centers, industry and research establishments.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>
*Promoting applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support national programs.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>
*Undertaking limited production of sophisticated equipment and special nuclear materials.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>
*Working on important non-nuclear fields which are crucial for the development of science and technology in the country.<ref name="Pakistan Chemistry Society"/>

The [[Organization:Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|PAEC]] [[Social:Chairman|Chair]] Dr. I. H. Usmani wanted a premium nuclear facility whose operations are roughly based on the American facilities such as [[Organization:Oak Ridge National Laboratory|ORNL]], [[Organization:Argonne National Laboratory|ANL]], [[Organization:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|LLNL]], and [[Organization:Sandia National Laboratories|SNL]].<ref name="The Nucleus"/> Many scientists educated at the [[Organization:Oak Ridge National Laboratory|ORNL]] and [[Organization:Argonne National Laboratory|ANL]] were initially asked to join the PINSTECH.<ref name="The Nucleus">{{cite journal|last1=Hasnain, PNRA|first1=S.A|title=Dr. I.H. Usmani and the Early Days of the PAEC|journal=The Nucleus|date=December 7, 2005|volume=42|issue=1–2|pages=13–20|url=http://www.thenucleuspak.org.pk/nucleus/pdf%20Special%20Issue%20Nucleus%2042%281-4%29/Dr%20IH%20Usmani%20and%20the%20early%20days%20of%20the%20PAEC%28ms-608%29.pdf|access-date=16 November 2014|location=Islamabad}}</ref> Designed by world-renowned {{wipe|United States}} architect Edward Durell Stone in 1963, the construction was completed in 1965.<ref name="Pakistan Defence Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Ahmad|first1=Syed|last2=Ahmad|first2=Mansoor|last3=Khan|first3=H.|title=Timelime|url=http://pakdef.org/timeline-of-pakistans-nuclear-programme/|publisher=Pakistan Defence Consortium|access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref>

About the PINSTECH, Edward Stone once inscribed in these words: "This....has been my greatest work. I am proud that it looks like it belongs in this country.."<ref name="Stanford University Press">{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Feroz Hassan|title=Eating grass the making of the Pakistani bomb|date=2012|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Palo Alto|isbn=978-0804784801|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGgrNAsKZjEC&q=PINSTECH+Edward+stone&pg=PA57|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

The scientific library of the institute consisted of a large section containing loaded historical references and literature on [[Physics:Manhattan Project|Manhattan Project]], brought by Abdus Salam in 1971 prior to start of the Nuclear weapons programme under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.<ref>Shahidur Rehman, §The Theoretical Physics Group, A Cue from Manhattan Project?, pp51-100, ''Long Road to Chagai'', 1999, Printwise Publications.</ref>

== History ==

The roots of the institution dated back to 1951 when [[Biography:Abdus Salam|Abdus Salam]] returned to Pakistan to join University of the Punjab.<ref name="Oxford University press">{{cite book|last1=Fraser|first1=Gordon|title=Cosmic Anger: Abdus Salam - The First Muslim Nobel Scientist|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University press|isbn=978-0191578663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QFiaRfzuWXwC&q=PINsTECH+ABDUS+SALAM&pg=PT217|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref> After facing a fierce opposition from his fellow scientists at the physics department of the University of the Punjab in 1953, Salam soon faced the choice between [[Software:Intellectual Decathlon|intellectual death]] or migration to the stimulating environment of a western institutions from Pakistan.<ref name="Oxford University press"/> This realization left a deep impression on him and behind his determination to create an institution to which physicists from the [[Finance:Developing country|developing countries]] would come as a right to interact with their peers from industrially [[Finance:Developed country|advanced countries]] without permanently leaving their own countries.<ref name="Oxford University press"/> Establishing the world class physics research institute, roughly equivalent to [[Organization:CERN|CERN]], in Pakistan was a dream of Dr. [[Biography:Abdus Salam|Abdus Salam]] who initiated the establishment of PINSTECH.<ref name="Oxford University press"/>

Together with dr. I. H. Usmani, Salam initiated the deal with the {{wipe|United States}} to established the P in Nilore and gave its first directorship to nuclear physicist dr. [[Biography:Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry|Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry]] of the Government College University, Lahore (GCU). For sometime, the PINSTECH became affiliated with the Quaid-i-Azam University in 1967, bearing some special materials testing.<ref name="World Scientific">{{cite book|last1=Lai|first1=editors, Z. Hassan & C.H.|title=Ideals and realities : selected essays of Abdus Salam|date=1983|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9971950871|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tf1UxncAcM0C&q=PINsTECH+ABDUS+SALAM&pg=PA104|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref> Soon, the scientists from Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Quaid-i-Azam University joined the PINSTECH to engage research in physics.<ref name="Oxford University press"/> After the war with India in 1971, President of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto orchestrated to established an efforts towards a nuclear deterrence loosely based on [[Physics:Manhattan Project|Manhattan Project]] of the 1940s.<ref name="Stanford University Press" /> Salam took over the operations of PINSTECH institute to oversee the [[Research and development|research and development]], and its eventual production of the weapons in 1972.<ref name="Stanford University Press" />

In 1970s, the PINSTECH was an epicenter and a focal point for Pakistani scientists to conduct research in physics where the basic and applied science research in PINSTECH picked up its speed, when Pakistani scientists feared that {{wipe|India}} was rapidly developing an atomic bomb.<ref name="Stanford University Press" /> The facility continues its expansion in Nilore by the Corps of Engineers.<ref name="Stanford University Press" />  As Nilore became restricted and secret city, the site was one of the integral site for the nuclear weapons research.<ref name="Stanford University Press" /> In its initial years, the PINSTECH activities were directed towards reprocessing the [[Physics:Reactor-grade plutonium|civilian-grade]] [[Chemistry:Plutonium|plutonium]] to military-grade plutonium.<ref name="Stanford University Press" /> The worked carried out on 20 different laboratories and facilities ran under [[Biography:Munir Ahmad Khan|Munir Ahmad Khan]] in 1970s. Its first division, the ''New Labs'' was dedicated to the production of the weapon grade plutonium of  <sup>239</sup>[[Physics:Plutonium-239|Pu]]. In 1983, Nuclear Physics Division working under [[Biography:Ishfaq Ahmad|Ishfaq Ahmad]] successfully produced the  <sup>239</sup>[[Physics:Plutonium-239|Pu]], a weapon grade plutonium.<ref name="Stanford University Press" /> Throughout the formulative year, the scientists and engineers at PINSTECH carried out technologically advanced research at the PINSTECH. On May 30, 1998, the PAEC scientists and engineers had performed the second nuclear test—codename Chagai-II— of a fissionable device, and the device's weapon grade plutonium was produced at the New Labs. The research reactors at the institute were last upgraded by Munir Ahmad Khan — chairman of PAEC at that time — as he led both Electronics Division (ED) and Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) in 1989.<ref name="Stanford University Press" />

As of today, PINSTECH has been shifted to peacetime research in  medicine, biology, materials and physics. Its [[Chemistry:Molybdenum|Molybdenum-42]] facility was used to medical [[Physics:Radioisotopes|radioisotopes]] for treating cancer. Scientists from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) had been using the PINSTECH facilities to conduc advanced research in both medical and food sciences.

== Research==

PINSTECH is the most advanced facility in the country having state of the art equipment and instruments for doing R & D work; therefore it remain an obvious choice for the students and researchers from all over Pakistan where they could find many important techniques under one roof. Recently the famous concept of centralized analysis facility has been utilized where a researcher can go and work with any piece of nuclear equipment that the researcher has been assigned.  The Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL) and Central Analytical Facility (CAF) are the most potent facilities in Pakistan.

PINSTECH promotes applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology  in the country. In 2020, expansion work was started at PINSTECH to help its "ability to produce isotopes for medical use, especially for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer patients while also helping the country in its aspirations in other applications of peaceful use of nuclear technology."<ref name=TNI/>

==Nuclear reactors==
{{Main|Physics:Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor}}
PINSTECH has particle accelerators and also operates two small nuclear [[Physics:Research reactor|research reactor]]s, a reprocessing plant and another experimental neutron source based on:
* PARR-I Reactor-Utilize Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU)
* PARR-II Reactor-Utilize High-Enriched Uranium (HEU)
* New Labs-Plutonium reprocessing (PR) facility.
* Charged Particle Accelerator- a nuclear particle accelerator.
* Fast Neutron Generator- An experimental neutron generator.

==Research divisions==
The PINSTECH four research directorates and each directorate is headed by an appointed Director-Generals. The following PINSTECH Divisions are listed below:

===Directorate of Science===

'''Physics Research Division (RPD)'''

The directorate of science consists of four division, and each divisions are headed by deputy director-generals. In 2004, the PINSTECH administration had brought together all of the groups, and were merged into one single Division, known as Physics Research Division (PRD).<ref>{{Cite web| title =Physics Research Division| url =http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20060619210044/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/| archive-date =2006-06-19}}
</ref> Meanwhile, the PINSTECH had also merged Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) and Radiation Physics Division (RPD), Nuclear and Applied Chemistry Divisions as well. The below is the list of research groups working in RPD.

*Atomic and Nuclear Radiation Group
*Fast Neutron Diffraction Group (FNDG)<ref group=NB>It was founded as Fast Neutron Physics Group by Dr. [[Biography:Samar Mubarakmand|Samar Mubarakmand]] in 1979. The FNPG was involved in the designing of a country's first nuclear weapon</ref>
*Electronic and Magnetic Materials Group (EMMG)<ref group=NB>The EMM Group was founded by Dr. [[Biography:Noor Muhammad Butt|N.M. Butt]] in 1966 that had produced world acclaim research in Mossbauer Spectroscopy</ref>
*Nuclear Track Studies Group
*Nuclear Geology Group
*Radiation Damage Group
*Mathematical Physics Group (MPG)<ref group=NB>The Mathematics Physics Group, otherwise known as Math Group, was founded in 1972, with Theoretical Physics Group, by Raziuddin Siddiqui who also served its first director. The Math Group was mandate to conduct mathematical calculations in implosion designs and concepts. It earned prestige in 1978 when the Group, worked under [[Biography:Asghar Qadir|Asghar Qadir]], finished the solved complex calculations involved in nuclear fission and chain reaction</ref>
*Theoretical Physics Group (TPG)<ref group=NB>The Theoretical Physics Group or TPG, was founded and established by Dr. [[Biography:Abdus Salam|Abdus Salam]] who served its first Director in 1972 until 1974. The TPG, under Salam's directorial guidance, was tasked to developed the nuclear weapons designs and mathematical calculations involving the nuclear weapons. Later, The TPG had first successfully designed the first theoretical design and completed calculations in nuclear weapon in 1978, under Dr. [[Biography:Riazuddin (physicist)|Riazuddin]]</ref>
'''Chemistry Research Division (CRD)'''

*Nuclear Chemistry Division (NCD) - The Nuclear Chemistry Division was founded in 1966 by Dr. [[Biography:Iqbal Hussain Qureshi|Iqbal Hussain Qureshi]].<ref group=NB>Dr. Iqbal Hussain Qureshi (Dr. I.H. Qureshi) was one of the leading scientists who were involved in the development of a nuclear weapon in the early 1970s. Dr. I.H. Qureshi has had led NCD in the development of fissionable materials in the device. Dr. I.H. Qureshi had famously discovered [[Physics:Lithium-6|{{nuclide|lithium|6}}]]+[[Physics:Hydrogen-2|{{nuclide|hydrogen|2}}]]→[[Chemistry:Helium|{{nuclide|helium|4}}]]+22.4&nbsp;MeV equation for balancing the Q-value and energy balance in a fission device.</ref> As of today, the division is the largest Divisions of the PINSTECH comprising five major groups. Nuclear Chemistry Division has gained experience in the characterization of reactor grade and high purity materials by using advanced analytical techniques and it is dealing with environmental and health related problems.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuclear Chemistry Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ncd.htm |format=[[Web cache]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050104180022/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ncd.htm |archive-date=January 4, 2005 }}
</ref>

*Applied Chemistry Division
*Laser Development Division

===Directorate of System and Services===
The Directorate of System and Services (DSS, headed by Dr. Matiullah, consists of 5 research divisions that are listed below:

*Health Physics Division (HPD) - The Health Physics Division (HPD) was established in 1965 by the small team of health physicists. Founded as a group, it was made a division of PINSTECH in 1966. The division heavily involves its research in [[Medicine:Medical physics|medical physics]] and using nuclear technology in medical and agricultural sciences.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Health Physics Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/hpd.htm |format=[[Web cache]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050102092427/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/hpd.htm |archive-date=January 2, 2005 }}
</ref> 
*Nuclear Engineering Division (NED) - The Nuclear Engineering Division (NED, headed by Dr. Masood Iqbal, is one of the most prestigious and well-known Division of Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH). The Division was established in 1965 with the objective to develop technical expertise mainly in the area of Nuclear Reactor Technology.<ref>The Nuclear Engineering division was used in the designing and construction of [[Physics:Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor#PARR-II Reactor|PARR-II]].</ref> The NED has been used to provide technical assistance and training to the field of reactor technology.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuclear Engineering Division|url=//www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ned.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164301/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ned.htm|archive-date=October 4, 2006}}
</ref>
*Electronics Maintenance Division (EMD) - The Electronics Division (ED, headed by Mr. Hameed, was formally established in 1967, recognizing its important role in scientific research and development at PINSTECH. The Division has rendered valuable service to the scientific effort by carrying out maintenance of scientific equipment and development of electronic instruments for use in research and development projects.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Electronics Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ed.htm |format=[[Web cache]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164408/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/ed.htm |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}
</ref> In 1989, the ED was involved in the upgradation program of PARR-I Reactor led by PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan. The ED had supplied and developed electronic material and system for the PARR-I Reactor, and had successfully converted PARR-I to utilize HEU fuel into LEU fuel.<ref>The PARR-I Upgradation Program was led by [[Biography:Munir Ahmad Khan|Munir Ahmad Khan]] in 1991. Further discussion can be read at [[Physics:Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor#|PARR-I Reactor]]</ref> An outstanding achievement ED was the design and engineering of nuclear instrumentation of research reactor ( PARR-1) which required a very high degree of sophistication and reliability.

*General Services Division (GSD) - The General Services Division (GSD) is responsible for the routine operational research, maintenance repairments of the laboratories, upkeep and development of [[Engineering:Engineering|engineering]] services such as [[Engineering:Civil engineering|civil]], [[Electrical engineering|electrical]], mechanical workshops, [[Physics:Air conditioning|air conditioning]] as well as water supply to PINSTECH and annexed labs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Services Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/gsd.htm |format=[[Web cache]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164338/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/gsd.htm |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}
</ref>

*Computer Division (CD) - Computer Division (CD) was established in January 1980 with an aim to provide service and support to the researchers and scientists of PINSTECH in the area of computer hardware and software. Although computer division is still providing computer hardware and software services but it has gradually shifted its activities from being only a service provider division to an important design and development division.<ref>{{Cite web 
  | title =Computer Division 
  | url =http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/cd.htm 
  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20091030225346/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/cd.htm 
  | archive-date =2009-10-30 
  | url-status =dead 
  }}</ref>

===Directorate of Technology===
The Directorate of Technology (D-TECH) consists of 3 divisions that are  Materials Division (MD), Isotope Application Division (IAD), and the Isotope Production Division (IPD).This is currently overseen by Dr. Gulzar Hussain Zahid, Chief Engineer.

*Materials Division (MD) - Materials Division (MD) was established in 1973, with aim of to provide technical assistance to other PAEC's projects on development, production and characterization of materials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nuclear Material Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/nmd.htm |format=Web cache |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050104175954/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/nmd.htm |archive-date=January 4, 2005 }}</ref>
*Isotope Application Division (IAD) - The Isotope Application Division (IAD)<ref group=NB>The Isotope Application Division (IAD)was founded by Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan in 1971. [[Biography:Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi|Hafeez Qureshi]] was made [[Social:Director general|director general]] of the RIAD Division. The RIAD was the first division that had put efforts in the development of the fission device in 1972.</ref> was established in PINSTECH by Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan in early 1971. Having known as the problem solver in the institute, the IAD is responsible for solving the problems in Isotope Hydrolog, Environmental Pollution, Non-Destructive Testing, Industrial Applications, Life Sciences, and Isotope Geology.  IAD also extends expert services to solve relevant problems faced by the industrial sector and different organizations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radiation Isotope Application Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm |format=Web cache |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164319/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}</ref>
*Isotope Production Division (IPD) - The Isotope Production Division (IPD)<ref group=NB>The Isotope Production Division (IPD) was founded by Mr. M. Bashar Khan in 2002. M. Khalid was made Head of the RIPD Division. The RIPD was the only division in generating funds and have been involve in producing and catering the nuclear medical center needs on regular basis.</ref> It contains Molly Group, Generator Production group, Kit production Group. IPD also involves in modification of exiting isotope production facility.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Radiation Isotope Application Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm |format=Web cache |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164319/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/riad.htm |archive-date=October 4, 2006}}</ref>

===Directorate of Coordination===
The Directorate of Coordination, headed by Engr. Iqbal Hussain Khan, is an administrative directorate which consists of 3 administrative divisions. The Scientific Information Division (SID), Human Resource Development (HRD), and Management Information System (MIS), are included in this division.
*Scientific Information Division (SID) - The Scientific Information Division (SID, headed by Dr. Ishtiaq Hussain Bokhari, was established in PINSTECH in 1966. It was upgraded into a full-fledged division in 1984. SID is the central source of scientific and technical information not only for Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission but also for other scientific organizations and universities in the country and is responsible for the efficient acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of Scientific  and Technical information in support of the PAEC program.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scientific Information Division |url=http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/sid.htm |format=Web cache |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004164254/http://www.paec.gov.pk/pinstech/organization/sid.htm |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}
</ref>

== User facilities ==

*Analytical Laboratories
*Charged Particle Accelerator
*Computer Oriented Services
*Corrosion Testing
*Environmental Studies  Building
*Health Physics, Radiation Safety & Radioactive Waste Management
*Irradiation Laboratories
*Lasers  Laboratory and Testing Facility
*Materials Development & Characterization
*Nuclear Geological Services
*Processing of Polymers
*Production of Radioisotopes & Radio-pharmaceuticals
*Radiation & Radioisotope Applications
*Repair & Maintenance of Electronic Equipment
*Scientific & Industrial Instruments
*Scientific Glass Blowing
*Scientific Information
*Technical Services & Collaboration
*Vacuum Technology Laboratory
*Vibration Analysis

==Director Generals (DGs) of PINSTECH==

{| class="wikitable"
! Numbers
! Name
! Timeline of Directors
! Alma Mater
! Field 
! Educational Background
|-
| 1
| [[Biography:Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry|Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry]]
| 1965–1970
| [[Organization:University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge]] ([[Organization:Cavendish Laboratory|Cavendish Laboratory]])
| Nuclear Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 2
| [[Biography:Abdus Salam|Abdus Salam]]
| 1970–1971
| Imperial College
| Theoretical Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 3
| [[Biography:Ishfaq Ahmad|Ishfaq Ahmad]]
| 1971–1976
| Université de Montréal ([[Organization:Montreal Laboratory|Montreal Laboratory]])
| Nuclear Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Science|Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.)
|-
| 4
| [[Biography:Munir Ahmad Khan|Munir Ahmad Khan]]
| 1976–1977
| [[Organization:North Carolina State University|North Carolina State University]] ([[Organization:Argonne National Laboratory|Argonne National Laboratory]])
| Nuclear Engineering
| Master of Science (M.Sc.)
|-
| 5
| Naeem Ahmad Khan
| 1977–1984
| [[Organization:University of Manchester|University of Manchester]]
| Nuclear Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 6
| Iqbal Hussain Qureshi
| 1986–1991
| University of Tokyo
| Nuclear Chemistry
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 7
| [[Biography:Noor Muhammad Butt|Noor Muhammad Butt]]
| 1991–1996
| [[Organization:University of Birmingham|University of Birmingham]]
| Nuclear Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Science|Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.)
|-
| 8
| Hameed Ahmad Khan
| 1996–2000
| [[Organization:University of Birmingham|University of Birmingham]]
| Nuclear, [[Physics:Space physics|Space]], and [[Physics:Nuclear reactor physics|Reactor physics]]
| [[Social:Doctor of Science|Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.) and [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 9
| Mustansar Jehangir
| 2000–2005
| [[Organization:University of Birmingham|University of Birmingham]]
| Nuclear Chemistry
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 10
| [[Biography:Masud Ahmad|Masud Ahmad]]
| 2005–2007
| Imperial College
| Theoretical Physics
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 11
| Ansar Pervaiz
| 2007–2010
| [[Organization:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute|Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]]
| Nuclear Engineering
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|-
| 12
| Syed Jamshed Hussain Zaidi
| 2010–Present
| University of Peshawar, [[Organization:Forschungszentrum Jülich|Forschungszentrum Jülich]]
| Nuclear Chemistry
| [[Social:Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (Ph.D)
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=NB}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}


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