View source for Organization:Texas Tech University

{{Short description|Public university in Lubbock, Texas, US}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Texas Tech University
| image_name = Texas Tech University seal.svg
| image_upright = 0.7
| former_names = Texas Technological College (1923–1969)
| motto = "From here, it's possible."<ref name="Guidelines – Tagline"/>
| established = {{start date and age|1923|02|10}}
| parent = [[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]]
| type = Public research university<ref>{{cite web |last1=Young |first1=Glenys |title=Texas Tech Achieves Top Rank in Carnegie Research Classification |url=https://today.ttu.edu/posts/2018/12/Stories/tier-one-classification}}</ref>
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|ORAU|UCAR|URA|USU|[[Organization:National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]
}}
| endowment = $1.74 billion (2022) (system-wide)<ref name="TTUSEndowment"/>
| chancellor = Tedd L. Mitchell<ref name="Chancellor"/>
| president = Lawrence Schovanec<ref name="President"/>
| students = 40,944 (Fall 2023)<ref name="EnrollmentCount"/>
| undergrad = 32,806 (Fall 2023)<ref name="EnrollmentCount"/>
| postgrad = 8,138 (Fall 2023)<ref name="EnrollmentCount"/>
| faculty = 2,056 (Fall 2022)<ref name="FacultyCount"/>
| city = Lubbock
| state = {{wipe|Texas}}
| country = United States
| coor = {{Coord|33.584|-101.878|type:edu_region:US-TX|display=inline,title}} <!-- precision from WP:OPCOORD -->
| campus = Large city<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=Texas+tech+university&s=all&id=229115|title=IPEDS-Texas Tech University}}</ref>
| campus_size = {{convert|1839|acre|ha}}
| colors = Scarlet and black<ref name="Official Colors"/><br />{{college color boxes|Texas Tech Red Raiders}}
| sporting_affiliations = NCAA Division I FBS – Big 12
| nickname = {{hlist|Red Raiders|Lady Raiders}}
| mascot = {{hlist|Masked Rider|Raider Red}}
| website = {{url|www.ttu.edu}}
| logo = Texas Tech University logo.svg
| logo_upright = 1.1
| free_label = Newspaper
| free = ''The Daily Toreador''
| accreditation = [[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|SACS]]
}}

'''Texas Tech University''' ('''Texas Tech''', '''Tech''', or '''TTU''') is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas. Established on October 2, 1923, and called '''Texas Technological College''' until 1969, it is the flagship institution of the five-institution [[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]]. As of Fall 2023, the university enrolled 40,944 students,<ref name="EnrollmentCount"/> making it the sixth-largest university in Texas. Over 25% of its undergraduate student population identifies as Hispanic, so the university has been designated a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=TEXAS TECH ACHIEVES HISPANIC SERVING INSTITUTION ENROLLMENT STATUS|url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/diversity/HSI/}}</ref>

The university offers degrees in more than 150 courses of study through 13 colleges and hosts 60 research centers and institutes. Texas Tech University has awarded over 200,000&nbsp;degrees since 1927, including over 40,000 graduate and professional degrees. Texas Tech is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Carnegie Classifications {{!}} Standard Listings|url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/srp.php?clq=%7B%22basic2005_ids%22:%2215%22%7D&start_page=standard.php|website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> Research projects in the areas of [[Social:Epidemiology|epidemiology]], [[Physics:Pulsed power|pulsed power]], [[Grid computing|grid computing]], [[Social:Classics|classics]], [[Physics:Nanophotonics|nanophotonics]], [[Physics:Atmospheric sciences|atmospheric sciences]], and wind energy are among the most prominent at the university. The Spanish Renaissance-themed campus, described by author [[Biography:James A. Michener|James Michener]] as "the most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to [[Organization:Stanford University|Stanford]]", has been awarded the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and has been noted for possessing a public art collection among the ten best in the United States.

The Texas Tech Red Raiders are charter members of the Big 12 Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Red Raiders football team has made 40 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university. The Red Raiders basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament. Bob Knight, who has the fifth-most wins as a head coach in men's NCAA Division I basketball history, served as the team's head coach from 2001 to 2008. The Lady Raiders basketball team won the 1993 NCAA Division I Tournament. In 1999, Texas Tech's Goin' Band from Raiderland received the Sudler Trophy, which is awarded to "recognize collegiate marching bands of particular excellence".

== History ==

=== Establishment ===
[[File:Texas Tech Adminstration Building 1923.jpg|left|thumb|Administration Building (''circa'' 1925)]]
The call to open a college in West Texas began shortly after settlers arrived in the area in the 1880s.<ref name="Landing Tech may have been biggest step in Lubbock's first 100&nbsp;years"/><ref name="Hub"/> In 1917, the Texas legislature passed a bill creating a branch of Texas A&M to be in Abilene.<ref name="Abilene home to three distinguished colleges"/> However, the bill was repealed two years later during the next session after it was discovered Governor James E. Ferguson had falsely reported the site committee's choice of location. After new legislation passed in the state house and senate in 1921, Governor Pat Neff vetoed it, citing hard financial times in West Texas. Furious about Neff's veto, some in West Texas went so far as to recommend West Texas secede from the state.<ref name="Grad"/>

In 1923, the legislature decided, rather than a branch campus, a new university would better serve the region's needs under legislation co-authored by State Senator William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock and State Representative Roy Alvin Baldwin of Slaton in southern Lubbock County.<ref name="Handbook"/>  On February 10, 1923, Neff signed the legislation creating Texas Technological College, and in July of that year, a committee began searching for a site.<ref name=Grad /> When the committee's members visited Lubbock, they were overwhelmed to find residents lining the streets to show support for hosting the institution.<ref name="KCBD"/><ref name="Three universities power higher education in Lubbock"/> That August, Lubbock was chosen on the first ballot over other area towns, including Floydada, Plainview, Big Spring, and Sweetwater.<ref name=KCBD />

Construction of the college campus began on November 1, 1924.<ref name=Hub /> Ten days later, the cornerstone of the Administration Building was laid in front of 20,000 people. Speakers at the event included Governor Pat Neff; Amon G. Carter; Reverend E. E. Robinson, Colonel Ernest O. Thompson; and Representative Richard M. Chitwood, the chairman of the House Education Committee, who became the first Texas Tech business manager. Chitwood served in the position only fifteen months; he died in November 1926.<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives"/> With an enrollment of 914 students—both men and women—Texas Technological College opened for classes on October 1, 1925.<ref name="College of Arts and Sciences"/><ref name="Joining of communities led to Lubbock"/><ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage"/> It was originally composed of four schools—Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts.<ref name=Handbook />

Military training was conducted at the college as early as 1925, but formal Reserve Officers' Training Corps training did not start until 1936. By 1939, the school's enrollment had grown to 3,890. Although enrollment declined during [[Social:World War II|World War II]], Texas Tech trained 4,747 men in its armed forces training detachments.<ref name=Handbook /> Following the war, in 1946, the college saw its enrollment leap to 5,366 from a low of 1,696 in 1943.<ref name="Raw Enrollment Data"/>
{{-}}

=== Expansion and growth ===
[[File:TTUadmin.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Administration Building]]
By the 1960s, the school had expanded its offerings to more than just technical subjects.<ref name="Controversy"/> The Faculty Advisory Committee suggested changing the name to "Texas State University", feeling the phrase "Technological College" did not define the institution's scope.<ref name="Fighting"/> While most students supported this change, the Board of Directors and many alumni, wanting to preserve the Double T, opposed it.<ref name="About Us: History"/> Other names—University of the Southwest, Texas Technological College and State University,<ref name="Triumph, tragedy in world's spotlight"/> and The Texas University of Art, Science and Technology—were considered,<ref name="Game"/> but the Board of Directors chose Texas Tech University, submitting it to the state legislature in 1964.

A failed move by Governor John Connally to have the school placed into the Texas A&M University System, as well as continued disagreement and heated debate over the school's new name, kept the name change from being approved.<ref name=Controversy /><ref name=Fighting /> In spite of objections by many students and faculty, the Board of Directors again submitted the change in 1969. It finally received the legislature's approval on June 6, and the name Texas Tech University went into effect that September.<ref name=Game /> All of the institution's schools, except Law, became colleges.<ref name=Handbook /><ref name="General Information"/>

Texas Tech was [[Social:Racial integration|integrated]] in 1961 when three African-American students were admitted. After its initial rejection of the students' enrollment and the threat of a lawsuit, the university enacted a policy to admit "all qualified applicants regardless of color".<ref name="Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas"/> The university offered its first athletic scholarship to a black student in 1967, when Danny Hardaway was recruited to play for the Red Raiders football team.<ref name="Hardaway relates Tech experience"/> In 1970, Hortense W. Dixon became the first African American student to earn a doctorate from the university.<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives: Graduation Milestones"/> In 1972 Charles Henry became the first full-time African American faculty member.<ref name="Black faculty member">{{cite news |title=Black faculty member appointment announced at Texas Tech University last Friday afternoon |newspaper=West Texas Times |date=April 20, 1972 |page=1}}</ref>

In the 1960s and 1970s, the university invested {{wipe|United States dollar}}150&nbsp;million in the campus to construct buildings for the library, foreign languages, social sciences, communications, philosophy, electrical and petroleum engineering, art, and architecture. Some other buildings were significantly expanded.<ref name="TTUS"/>

On May 29, 1969, the 61st Texas Legislature created the Texas Tech University School of Medicine.<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives: Medical School"/> The Texas Legislature expanded the medical school charter in 1979, creating the [[Organization:Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center|Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]]. TTUHSC, which is now part of the [[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]], includes Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. It has locations in four Texas cities in addition to the main campus in Lubbock.<ref name="Profile: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center"/>

In 2011, the combined enrollment in the [[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]] was greater than 42,000 students—a 48% increase since 2000. Chancellor Kent Hance reiterated plans for Texas Tech's main campus to reach enrollment of 40,000 students by 2020, with additional 5,000 students at [[Organization:Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center|Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]] and 10,000 students at [[Organization:Angelo State University|Angelo State University]].<ref name="Balancing state's budget requires all do fair share"/>

=== Recent history ===
[[File:TTU English Philosophy Building.jpg|thumb|left|Texas Tech's English and Philosophy Building, with architecture influenced by English manors, faces a building of similar style for the College of Education.]]
In 1996, the Board of Regents of Texas Tech University created the Texas Tech University System. Former State Senator John T. Montford, later of San Antonio, was selected as the first [[Social:Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] to lead the combined academic enterprise.<ref name="Perry suggests AT&T executive for UT chancellor job"/> Regents Chair Edward Whitacre Jr. stated the move was made due to the institution's size and complexity. "It's time," he said, "to take the university into the 21st century".<ref name=TTUS /> The Texas Tech University system originally included Texas Tech University and [[Organization:Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center|Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]]. On November 6, 2007, the voters of Texas approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution realigning [[Organization:Angelo State University|Angelo State University]] with the Texas Tech University System.<ref name="Texas Legislature Online"/> Kent Hance, a Texas Tech graduate who had served as United States Representative and as one of the three elected members of the Texas Board which regulates the oil-and-gas industry, assumed the duties of chancellor on December 1, 2006.<ref name="Kent Hance Officially Named Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System"/>

Although growth continued at Texas Tech, the university was not immune to controversy. In 2003, a third-year student at the Texas Tech School of Law filed suit against the university over its policy on free speech zones, which restricted student speech to a single "free speech gazebo".<ref name="ADF"/> The following year, a [[Social:Federal judge|federal judge]] declared the policy unconstitutional.<ref name=ADF /><ref name="Law student sues Texas Tech over free speech zones: Plaintiff claims First Amendment rights were violated by university"/><ref name="A look at the Free Speech Zone: Zone offers a default location to express sometimes unpopular ideas"/>

To meet the demands of its increased enrollment and expanding research, the university has invested more than $548&nbsp;million in new construction since 2000. It has also received more than $65.9&nbsp;million in private donations.<ref name=TTUS /> In April 2009, the Texas House of Representatives passed a bill to increase state funding for seven public universities. Texas Tech University is classified by the state as an "Emerging Research University", and is among the universities that will receive additional state funding for advancement toward "Tier 1" status. Three funds—the Research University Development Fund, the Texas Research Incentive Program, and the National Research University Benchmark Fund—have been established and will provide $500&nbsp;million in grants and matching funds during fiscal years 2010 and 2011.<ref name="Texas House OKs bill to fund 'tier one' competition'"/> On September 2, 2009, the university announced it had received private gifts totaling $24.3&nbsp;million. Of these, $21.5&nbsp;million are eligible for match under the Texas Research Incentive Program.<ref name="Texas Tech Announces TRIP Funds"/>

In late 2011 and throughout 2012–13, construction began on several new buildings on campus.<ref name="newconstruction">{{cite web|last=Gonzales|first=Patrick|title=New Additions Mark Texas Tech's Growth, Progress|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2012/09/new-additions-mark-texas-techs-growth-progress/|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=April 11, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215130224/http://today.ttu.edu/2012/09/new-additions-mark-texas-techs-growth-progress/ | archive-date = December 15, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref> The construction included a new $20&nbsp;million Petroleum Engineering and Research building, a new building to house the Rawls College of Business, two new residence halls, a $3.5&nbsp;million chapel, and extensive remodeling of the building that previously housed the Rawls College of Business.<ref name=newconstruction /> In 2021, construction began on the new $100 million, 125,000-square-foot Academic Sciences Building.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Board |first=AJ Media Editorial |title=Our view: Tech's Academic Sciences Building will have huge impact |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/opinion/2022/01/05/texas-techs-academic-sciences-building-have-huge-impact/9104053002/ |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>

The university system's endowment reached $1.043 billion in March 2014, surpassing one billion dollars for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ursch|first=Blake|title=Texas Tech System endowment exceeds $1 billion|url=http://lubbockonline.com/filed-online/2014-03-30/texas-tech-system-endowment-exceeds-1-billion|access-date=March 31, 2014|newspaper=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=March 31, 2014}}</ref>

== Centennial Celebration ==
[https://100.ttu.edu/ Texas Tech celebrated] its centennial on December 2, 2023, at the annual Carrol of Lights. The centennial was celebrated throughout the 2023-2024 school year. {{Clear}}

== Academics ==
{{Infobox US university ranking
<!-- U.S. rankings -->
| ARWU_NU  = 118-144
| Forbes   = 159
| THE_WSJ  = 203
| USNWR_NU = 216 <small>(tie)</small>
| Wamo_NU  = 215
<!-- Global rankings -->
| ARWU_W   = 501-600
| QS_W     = 801-850
| THES_W   = 601-800
| USNWR_W  = 472 <small>(tie)</small>
}}
By enrollment, Texas Tech is the sixth-largest university in Texas and the largest institution of higher education in the western two-thirds of the state. In the Fall 2014 semester, Texas Tech set a record enrollment with 35,134 students.<ref name=Enrollment14/> For the 2014 enrollment year, most students came from Texas (95.17%), followed by New Mexico, California, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Florida.<ref name="2014FactBook">{{cite web|title=2014-2015 Factbook|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/irim/NEWFACTBOOK/FactSheets/FactSheet-Fall2014.pdf|website=ttu.edu|publisher=Texas Tech University Office of Institutional Research|access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Altogether, the university has educated students from all 50 US states and over 100 foreign countries.<ref name="This is Texas Tech"/> Enrollment has continued to increase in recent years, and growth is on track with a plan to have 40,000 students by 2020.<ref name="Tech enrollment shows increase, on track with 2020 goal"/> From 1927 to 2011, the university awarded 173,551 bachelor's, 34,541 master's, 5,906 doctoral, and 7,092 law degrees.<ref name="Degree Conferred Since 1927"/>

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The 2023 ''U.S. News & World Report'' rankings listed the university at 216th nationally and 116th amongst public schools. The 2013 Shanghai Jiao Tong Rankings placed Texas Tech University at 401 worldwide, which tied it with fellow Big 12 schools [[Organization:University of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] and [[Organization:Kansas State University|Kansas State]], among others.<ref name="Academic Ranking of Texas Tech University"/> The Princeton Review ranked Texas Tech among the 125 best colleges in the Western United States in its 2015 edition.<ref name="PrincetonReview">{{cite web|last1=Gardner|first1=Emily|title=Texas Tech Earns Best in the West Rating From The Princeton Review|url=http://today.ttu.edu/posts/2015/09/best-in-west-princeton-review|website=ttu.edu|access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> In 2010, the ''Wall Street Journal'' ranked the university 18th in its ranking of graduate desirability for job recruiters.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|title=The Top 25 Recruiter Picks|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704554104575435563989873060|access-date=April 4, 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=September 13, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307181712/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704554104575435563989873060 | archive-date = March 7, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref> Three of the university's undergraduate programs are ranked by PayScale as in the top 20 nationally in mid-career salary: Art, Physical and Life Sciences, and Education.<ref name=PayScale>{{cite web|last1=Gardner|first1=Emily|title=Texas Tech Programs Rank in College Salary Report|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2014/10/texas-tech-programs-rank-in-college-salary-report/|website=Texas Tech Today|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=November 14, 2014}}</ref> In its 2015 edition, ''U.S. News & World Report'' noted the university has a "selective" undergraduate admissions policy.<ref name="Texas Tech University profile"/> As a public university, Texas Tech is subject to Texas House Bill 588, which guarantees Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their graduating class admission to any public Texas university. In 2012, 20.3% of incoming freshmen were admitted in this manner. About half of incoming freshmen finished in the top quarter of their graduating classes.<ref name="Fact Sheet: Fall 2007"/> In 2016, the [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education]] listed Texas Tech among 115 most prominent research schools, commonly known as "Carnegie Tier One".<ref name=TexasTrib.Tier1/><ref name=LAJ.Tier1/>

Texas Tech University is accredited by the [[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]].<ref name="Institution Details: Texas Tech University"/> The university offers 150 bachelor's, 104 master's, and 59 doctoral degree programs.<ref name="Administration"/> Texas Tech has five satellite campuses in Texas—in [[Organization:Texas Tech University at Abilene|Abilene]], [[Organization:Texas Tech University at Amarillo|Amarillo]], Fredericksburg, [[Organization:Texas Tech University at Highland Lakes|Highland Lakes]], and [[Organization:Texas Tech University Center at Junction|Junction]].<ref name="Branching out: Tech's roots stretch across Lone Star State"/> Texas Tech also has a satellite campus in Europe, in Seville, Spain, and one in Escazú, San José, Costa Rica.<ref name="Academic Support Services: Study Abroad Program"/> Additional study-abroad programs are offered in various countries, such as Denmark, England, France, and Italy.<ref name="Study Abroad"/>

The Office of International Affairs supports and facilitates the international mission of Texas Tech University. It provides services for faculty and students, offers international educational and cultural experiences for the school and community, and contributes to the university's globalization process and its effort to grow as an international educational and research center. The International Cultural Center provides a continual series of conferences, lectures, art exhibitions, and performances.<ref name="History &Facts"/>

=== Colleges and schools ===
Texas Tech has expanded from its original four schools to comprise ten colleges and two schools.<ref name=Administration />

In the 2015 ''U.S. News & World Report'' report on higher education, the Whitacre College of Engineering was ranked 94th in the nation.<ref name="2015USNews">{{cite news|last=Cunningham|first=Amy|title=Tech programs ranked in top 100 in United States|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/news/article_cd6719b2-a998-11e3-937a-0017a43b2370.html|access-date=March 12, 2014|newspaper=The Daily Toreador|date=March 12, 2014}}</ref>  In 2009, the college's Petroleum Engineering Department was ranked 10th best in the nation.<ref name="Local News:Education briefly"/><ref name="4 Tech graduate programs ranked in annual Top 100"/> The college offers 11 engineering programs accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.<ref name="Accredited Programs List"/> On November 12, 2008, following a $25 million gift from AT&T in honor of alumnus Edward Whitacre Jr., the college was formally renamed the Edward E. Whitacre Jr. College of Engineering.<ref name="Texas Tech Names College of Engineering After Former Regent and AT&T CEO Edward E. Whitacre Jr."/>
[[File:TTUcolumns.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Chemistry Building]]
The largest academic division on campus, the College of Arts & Sciences offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in a wide range of subjects from philosophy to mathematics. In 2004, the College of Mass Communications and the College of Visual & Performing Arts were created from programs organized within the College of Arts and Sciences. The College of Mass Communications changed its name to the College of Media & Communication in 2012 and offers degrees in several areas, including advertising, journalism and electronic media, and public relations. The College of Visual & Performing Arts was renamed in honor of the contributions by the J. T. & Margaret Talkington Foundation in 2016; Programs offered through Talkington College are accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, the [[Organization:National Association of Schools of Music|National Association of Schools of Music]], and the National Association of Schools of Theatre.<ref name="Navigator"/>

Once the Division of Home Economics, the College of Human Sciences now offers degrees in applied and professional studies, design, human development, nutrition, hospitality, and retailing. The College of Human Sciences' Department of [[Finance:Financial adviser|Personal Financial Planning]] was ranked in 2011 as the top program out of ten standout programs by the industry newsletter, ''Financial Planning''.<ref name="PFPRanking">{{cite web|last=Reed|first=Danielle|title=Financial Planning Education 101: 10 Standout Schools|publisher=Financial Planning|access-date=April 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127043818/http://www.financial-planning.com/fp_issues/2011_11/financial-planning-education-10-standout-schools-2675690-1.html?pg=6|archive-date=January 27, 2013 |date=November 1, 2011|url=http://www.financial-planning.com/fp_issues/2011_11/financial-planning-education-10-standout-schools-2675690-1.html?pg=6}}</ref> The Huckabee College of Architecture, founded in 1927, offers programs accredited by the [[Organization:National Architectural Accrediting Board|National Architectural Accrediting Board]].<ref name="Texas Tech University profile1"/>

The Rawls College of Business, which is accredited by the [[Organization:Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business|Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]], is the university's business school.<ref name="Texas Tech University, Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration"/> The college offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in business disciplines.<ref name="Business College earns top 50 ranking"/><ref name="Texas Tech University"/> In its 2016 "Best Grad Schools" rankings, ''U.S. News & World Report'' ranked the graduate business program 91st in the United States.<ref name="The Top Undergraduate Business Programs"/> The college's health organization management degree program was ranked 41st. From its origin in 1942, the business school was known as the Division of Commerce, until it was renamed the College of Business Administration in 1956. In 2000, following a $25&nbsp;million gift from alumnus Jerry S. Rawls, the college was formally renamed the Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration.<ref name=Handbook />

[[File:TTarch.jpg|thumb|Architecture Building]]

In 1967, both the College of Education and the Texas Tech University School of Law were founded. The College of Education instructs future teachers and is accredited by the [[Organization:National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education|National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education]]. The School of Law is an [[Organization:American Bar Association|American Bar Association]]-accredited law school on the main campus in Lubbock, and came in 2nd statewide in the 2013&nbsp;Bar Examination pass rate with 95.45 percent.<ref name=Navigator /><ref name="BarExamPassPercentage">{{cite web|title=February 2013 examination statistics|url=http://www.ble.state.tx.us/stats/2011_2017/stats_0213.htm|publisher=The State of Texas|access-date=May 14, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013221654/http://www.ble.state.tx.us/stats/2011_2017/stats_0213.htm | archive-date = October 13, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref> The school offers Juris Doctor degrees which can be earned in conjunction with Master of Business Administration or Master of Science degrees through the adjacent Rawls College of Business.

All graduate programs offered at Texas Tech University are overseen by the Graduate School, which was officially established in 1954. The university's Honors College allows select students to design a customized curriculum that incorporates a broad range of disciplines, and offers students the opportunity for early admission into Texas Tech University's medical and law schools.

In September 2008, the University College was established. Formerly known as the College of Outreach and Distance Education, the college was created by bringing together the Division of Off-Campus Sites and the Division of Outreach and Distance Education.<ref name="Approved Degree Programs"/> Texas Tech's six in-state satellite campuses are under the auspices of the college. Additionally, it oversees the Texas Tech University Independent School District.<ref name="New Tech college seeks to impact West Texas"/>

The [[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]] also operates a medical school, the [[Organization:Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center|Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center]]. It offers Schools of Allied Health Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy. While it is a discrete entity, separate from Texas Tech University, it offers joint degrees (such as MD/MBA) through coordination with the university. Further, the Health Sciences Center is on the university's main campus in Lubbock. In addition to the Lubbock campus, TTUHSC has campuses in Abilene, Amarillo, El Paso, Dallas, and Odessa.

=== Research ===
[[File:HIV-budding-Color.jpg|thumb|left|Texas Tech, in collaboration with Harvard University, has developed a treatment that may be a cure for HIV.]]
Classified by the Carnegie Foundation in 2016 as one of only 115 research universities with "highest activity",<ref name="Carnegie">{{cite web|last1=Barton|first1=Kristen|title=Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie Designation|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/news/tech-achieves-tier-one-carnegie-designation/article_1887ac2c-c9f9-11e5-a2d3-c354417c3e35.html|website=DailyToreador.com|date=February 2, 2016 |publisher=The Daily Toreador|access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> Texas Tech University hosts 71 research centers and institutes.<ref name="Research Institutes">{{cite web|title=Centers & Institutes|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/vpr/researchers/centers-institutes.php|website=ttu.edu|publisher=Texas Tech University Office of the Vice President for Research|access-date=February 2, 2016}}</ref> In 2008, a team of researchers from Texas Tech University and [[Organization:Harvard University|Harvard University]] announced the development of an [[Biology:Small interfering RNA|siRNA]]-based treatment that may ultimately counteract the [[Biology:HIV|human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]]. Human cells infected with HIV, injected into rats, have been cured by the experimental treatment. Clinical trials on humans are expected to begin by 2010.<ref name="Texas Tech Researchers May Have Found AIDS Cure"/><ref name="Researchers Silence HIV in Mice Engineered to Be Like Humans"/><ref name="Researchers halt spread of HIV with RNAi"/> Texas Tech researchers also hold the exclusive license for HemoTech, a human [[Biology:Blood substitute|blood substitute]] composed of bovine [[Biology:Hemoglobin|hemoglobin]]. HemoBioTech, the company marketing the technology, believes HemoTech will diminish the intrinsic toxicities that have stifled previous attempts to develop a human blood substitute.<ref name="HemoTech Findings Show Significant Promise For Combating Two Major Complications Involved In Treating Patients With Coronary Artery Disease"/> On January 14, 2008, Texas Tech University announced the creation of the West Texas Influenza Research Center. The university has concluded human clinical testing of oral [[Biology:Interferon|interferon]] in a five-year study of [[Medicine:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]] and continues its study of [[Medicine:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]].<ref name="Texas Tech University to Create the West Texas Influenza Research Center"/>

Following the May 11, 1970, Lubbock Tornado that caused 26 fatalities and over ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|100000000|1970|r=2}}}} (2013 dollars) in damage in Lubbock, the [[Organization:National Wind Institute|National Wind Institute]] (formerly the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center or WISE) was established. The National Wind Institute Center, which includes {{convert|56000|sqft|m2}} of indoor laboratory space, is focused on research, education, and information outreach.<ref name="1970 Tornado Creates the Texas Tech Wind Science and Engineering Center"/> The interdisciplinary research program studies methods to exploit the beneficial qualities of wind and to mitigate its detrimental effects. The center offers education in wind science and engineering to develop professionals who are experts in creating designs which deal effectively with problems caused by high winds. The Center instituted the nation's first Ph.D program in Wind Science and Engineering in 2003.<ref name="NWI">{{cite web|title=Ph.D. in Wind Science & Engineering|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/education/phd-program.php|publisher=National Wind Institute|access-date=April 4, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407104614/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/nwi/education/phd-program.php|archive-date=April 7, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> National Wind Institute researchers contributed significantly to the development of the Enhanced Fujita Scale for rating the strength of tornadoes.<ref name="EF-Scale Training"/>

[[File:STS-107-launch2.jpg|thumb|upright|Texas Tech alumnus Rick Husband was the final commander of Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.]]
Texas Tech has made many contributions to [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] projects. Daniel Cooke, Computer Science Department Chair, and his colleagues are working to develop the technical content of the Intelligent Systems Program, and have been awarded a five-year budget valued at $350 million.<ref name="Space Ace"/> University scientists have also teamed with NASA's guidance, navigation, and control engineers to develop the Onboard Abort Executive (OAE), software capable of quickly deciding the best course of action during an ascent failure.<ref name="CEV abort system gains a brain"/><ref name="NASA and Texas Tech to Develop New Spacecraft Systems"/> The Texas Tech Space Research Initiative has also partnered with NASA to perfect methods for growing fresh vegetables in space and to determine the most efficient ways to recycle wastewater.<ref name="Tech, NASA a growing tradition"/>  In November 1996, the university dedicated the Charles A. Bassett II Pulse Laboratory to honor engineering alumnus and [[Astronomy:Project Gemini|Gemini]]-era astronaut Charles A. Bassett II.<ref name="Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A. Bassett II"/>  In total, Texas Tech has helped to produce five astronauts including Bassett, Paul Lockhart, and Rick Husband; Husband was commander of [[Engineering:STS-107|STS-107]], the final flight of Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.<ref name="Husband"/><ref name="Astronaut Bio: Paul Lockhart"/><ref name="AstronautFactBook"/>{{refn|group=Note|name=AstronautFactBook}}

In 2008, the [[Physics:Pulsed power|pulsed power]] electronics laboratory received $4&nbsp;million in federal funding. Among other things, the money will be used to create compact generators for weapon systems designed to destroy improvised explosive devices (IEDs).<ref name="Texas Tech Garners $6.6&nbsp;Million in 2008 Defense Bill"/> The College of Engineering's Nano Tech Center has received approximately $20 million in grants toward its work in applied [[Physics:Nanophotonics|nanophotonics]], the creation and manipulation of advanced materials at the [[Physics:Nanoscopic scale|nanoscale]] that can produce and sense light.<ref name="Gov. Perry Announces ETF Investment in Texas Tech Research Program"/> Texas Tech's Center for Advanced Analytics and Business Intelligence performs [[Grid computing|grid computing]] research through collaboration with the [[Organization:SAS Institute|SAS Institute]] that seeks to improve the speed with which large quantities of data (such as those present in [[Biology:Genomics|genomics]] and global economics) can be processed.<ref name="The power of the grid"/>

Texas Tech's College of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources has received state and federal grants for research projects including the fiber properties of cotton, the antibacterial properties of cotton fabric, and the development of chemical-warfare protective fabrics.<ref name="Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech"/> The college has also created two grass variants, Shadow Turf, a drought-tolerant turf grass that thrives in shade, and Tech Turf (marketed as Turffalo), a turf grass with the rich color and texture of [[Biology:Cynodon dactylon|Bermuda]] and the resilience of buffalo grass.<ref name="New Texas Tech grass"/><ref name="Tough as Buffalo, Green as Grass?"/>
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=== Online and regional learning programs ===
Texas Tech offers online and regional programs in addition to programs offered on the main campus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Online Degrees and Programs from Texas Tech University|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/distancelearning/|access-date=January 15, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114140508/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/distancelearning/|archive-date=January 14, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>  There are programs that are fully online, hybrid/blended, and at regional sites. The university offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as a graduate certification preparation program, at the regional sites of El Paso, Fredericksburg, Highland Lakes, Center at Junction, and Waco.

Texas Tech's online engineering program also gained recognition from ''U.S. News & World Report'', ranking 20th on their list of the best graduate online engineering programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Engineering Program|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/online-education/texas-tech-university-229115|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|access-date=April 4, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103217/http://www.usnews.com/education/online-education/texas-tech-university-229115 | archive-date = April 7, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

== Campus ==
<!-- This section is linked to from Library -->

[[File:TTUSWlibrary.JPG|left|thumb|Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library]]
The Lubbock campus is home to the main academic university, law school, and medical school ([[Organization:Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center|Health Sciences Center]]). It is one of two institutions (the other being UT Austin) in Texas to have a graduate school, law school, and medical school on its main campus.<ref name="Texas Tech University3"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dellmed.utexas.edu/news/dell-medical-school-welcomes-its-first-class-another-major-milestone|title = Dell Medical School Welcomes Its First Class}}</ref> The campus, which boasts Spanish Renaissance architecture, was described by American author [[Biography:James A. Michener|James A. Michener]] as the "most beautiful west of the Mississippi until you get to [[Organization:Stanford University|Stanford]]" and by Stewart Mandel of ''Sports Illustrated'' as "easily one of the ten most beautiful campuses" he had seen.<ref name="Graduate Creative Writing Program"/><ref name="Pretty Texas Tech"/><ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage4"/><ref name="Touring Texas Tech's picturesque campus"/> Many buildings on campus borrow architectural elements from those found at [[Organization:University of Alcalá|University de Alcalá]] in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, and Mission San José in San Antonio.<ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage5"/> A large section of the campus built between 1924 and 1951 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Texas Technological College Historic District. This area is roughly bounded by 6th Street on the north, University Avenue on the east, 19th Street on the south, and Flint Street on the west.<ref name="thcatlas"/> In 2008, the Professional Grounds Management Society awarded Texas Tech the Grand Award for excellence in grounds-keeping, and merit awards in 2007, 2010, and 2014.<ref name="PGMS Green Star Awards: Honoring the Best in Grounds Management"/>

In 1998, the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System created the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection to enliven the campus environment and extend the university's educational mission. It is funded by using one percent of the estimated total cost of each new building on campus.<ref name="University Public Art Collection"/> The collection features pieces from artists such as Tom Otterness and Glenna Goodacre. Public Art Review has ranked the Texas Tech University Public Art Collection among the ten best university public art collections in the United States.<ref name="Texas Tech Public Art Program Named One of Ten Best"/><ref name="MIT's campus art collection rated among nation's best"/>
[[File:Pfluger.jpg|thumb|Pfluger Fountain]]

The university also hosts the Museum of Texas Tech University, which was founded in 1929 and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.<ref name="Museum of Texas Tech Receives National Accreditation"/> The museum is home to over eight million objects and specimens and houses the Moody Planetarium, art galleries, a sculpture court, and a natural science research laboratory. It also operates the Val Verde County research site and the [[Earth:Lubbock Lake Landmark|Lubbock Lake Landmark]],<ref name="About the Museum"/> an archaeological site and natural history preserve in the city of Lubbock. The site has evidence of 12,000 years of use by ancient cultures on the Llano Estacado (Southern High Plains), and allows visitors to watch active archaeological digs. Visiting scientists and tourists may also participate in the discovery process. Lubbock Lake Landmark is a National Historic Landmark, which lists it on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a designated State Archaeological Landmark.<ref name="Lubbock Lake Landmark"/> Texas Tech is also the location of the Southwest Collection of historical archives and the sponsoring institution of the West Texas Historical Association.<ref name="ttu6"/>
Located on the northern edge of the campus is the National Ranching Heritage Center, a museum of ranching history. The site spans {{convert|27.5|acre|km2}} and is home to 38 historic structures that have been restored to their original condition. Structures represented at the center include a linecamp, a dugout, a bunkhouse, a blacksmith shop, a cowchip house, a schoolhouse, corrals, shipping pens, windmills, chuckwagons, and a coal-burning locomotive.<ref name="Museum & Historical Park"/>

{{Anchor|Libraries}}The university maintains a number of libraries, some general-purpose and some dedicated to specific topics such as architecture and law. Among the most notable of these are the Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library and the Vietnam Center and Archive, the nation's largest and most comprehensive collections of information on the Vietnam War.<ref name="Vietnam Center and Archive Now Available Online"/> On August 17, 2007, the Vietnam Center and Archive became the first US institution to sign a formalized exchange agreement with the State Records and Archives Department of Vietnam. This opens the door for a two-way exchange between the entities.<ref name="Tech signs agreement with Vietnam for records"/><ref name="Texas Tech seals deal with Vietnam records office for war documents"/>
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== Student life ==
{| class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref>{{cite web |title=College Scorecard: Texas Tech University|url=https://collegescorecard.ed.gov/school/?229115-Texas-Tech-University |publisher=United States Department of Education |access-date=May 24, 2022}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Social:Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
|align=right| {{bartable|54|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| Hispanic
|align=right| {{bartable|29|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| Black
|align=right| {{bartable|6|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| Other{{efn|Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|5|%|2||background:brown}}
|-
| Asian
|align=right| {{bartable|3|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| Foreign national
|align=right| {{bartable|2|%|2||background:orange}}
|-
! colspan="4" data-sort-type=number |[[Social:Economic diversity|Economic diversity]]
|-
| Low-income{{efn|The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|24|%|2||background:red}}
|-
| Affluent{{efn|The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.}}
|align=right| {{bartable|76|%|2||background:black}}
|}
[[File:TTUband.jpg|left|thumb|Goin' Band from Raiderland]]
There are over 516 student clubs and organizations at Texas Tech.<ref name="Student Organizations"/> Many students participate in Greek Life.<ref name="Student Organizations: Greek Life"/> Texas Tech Greek Life includes 12 Panhellenic Sororities and 24\2 InterFraternity Council Fraternities, as well as groups in the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) and Multicultural Greek Council (MGC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas Tech Fraternity and Sorority Life|url=https://www.depts.ttu.edu/fsl/}}</ref> The Student Union Building, located centrally on campus, is the hub of daily student activity. It houses restaurants, coffee shops, a book store, meeting rooms, lecture halls, movie rooms, and study areas, as well as the offices and meeting rooms of several student organizations and the Student Government Association. Directly next to the Student Union Building is the School of Music, home of the Texas Tech Goin' Band from Raiderland. The 450-member band, which was awarded the Sudler Trophy in 1999, performs at all home football games and other events.<ref name="The Sudler Trophy"/>

Approximately 20% of students live on campus, and most students live on campus for at least a portion of their academic careers.<ref name="currently"/><ref name="Students Who Live On-Campus: Fall Enrollment Since 1985"/> Students with fewer than 30&nbsp;hours of academic credit are required to live in university housing unless they receive an exemption. Specific residence halls and communities exist for graduate students, athletes, and various specific interests and academic disciplines. Every resident on campus is a member of the Texas Tech Residence Hall Association which provides various on campus programming and leadership opportunities. RHA is led by an Executive Board and Senate with student representatives from each residence hall. The organization is also a member of the South West Affiliate of College and Universities Residence Halls.<ref name="Housing on Campus"/>

[[File:ttsub.jpg|thumb|Student Union Building]]
International honor societies Phi Beta Kappa (liberal arts and sciences), Delta Epsilon Psi, Beta Gamma Sigma (business), and Tau Beta Pi (engineering) have chapters at the university.<ref name="Texas Tech University Receives New Phi Beta Kappa Chapter"/><ref name="Chapter Directory"/><ref name="Chapter Directory7"/> Professional, service, and social fraternities and sororities on campus include Alpha Phi Omega (service), Alpha Kappa Psi (business), Delta Sigma Pi (business), Alpha Omega Epsilon (engineering), Phi Alpha Delta (law), Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia (music), Kappa Kappa Psi (band), and Tau Beta Sigma (band).<ref name="Chapter Information"/><ref name="Delta Sigma Pi Collegiate Chapters"/><ref name="Law Chapters"/><ref name="Collegiate Chapters: Texas"/><ref name="Active and Inactive Chapters"/> Professional development and research organizations hosted by the university include the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program, the Center for the Integration of Science Education and Research, the Society of Engineering Technologists, Student Bar Association, and the Texas Tech Forensic Union. Texas Tech is also the only Power Five university in Texas that is a Hispanic-serving Institution.<ref>{{cite web|title=List of FY 2016 Eligible Hispanic-Serving Institutions|url=https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/idues/hsi-eligibles-2016.pdf|website=www2.ed.gov|access-date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> Spirit organizations representing Texas Tech include the High Riders, Saddle Tramps, and the Sabre Flight Drill Team.

The university maintains KTXT-FM 88.1, formerly a student radio station focusing on alternative, indie rock, industrial, and hip hop music. After 47&nbsp;years, the station went off the air on December 10, 2008.<ref name="Tech radio off air due to money issues"/> It returned in May 2009 with a different format and plans to eventually return to its former style.<ref name="KTXT-FM returns to air with different format"/> National Public Radio station KTTZ-FM 89.1, which features classical music and news, is also found on campus. Additionally, the university owns and operates Public Broadcasting Service television station KTTZ-TV. Students run a daily newspaper, ''The Daily Toreador'', until 2005 known as ''The University Daily''. The university also produces a yearbook, ''La Ventana''.
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== Athletics ==
Texas Tech's athletic teams are known as the Red Raiders with the exception of the women's basketball team, which is known as the Lady Raiders. Texas Tech competes in NCAA Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) and is a member of the Big 12 Conference. From 1932 until 1956, the university belonged to the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association. After being rejected eight times over more than 20 years, the Southwest Conference admitted Texas Tech on May 12, 1956.<ref name="Texas Tech Turns 75: Tech travels long, winding road of success to Big 12"/>  When the Southwest Conference disbanded in 1995, Texas Tech, along with the [[Organization:University of Texas at Austin|University of Texas at Austin]], Texas A&M University, and [[Organization:Baylor University|Baylor University]], merged with schools from the former Big Eight Conference to form the Big 12.<ref name="NationalChamps.net"/> Athletic Director Kirby Hocutt is a member of the College Football Playoff committee.<ref name=CFP>{{cite news|last1=Trotter|first1=Jake|title=Kirby Hocutt to join CFP group|url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/12300661/college-football-playoff-names-texas-tech-red-raiders-athletic-director-kirby-hocutt-big-12-representative|access-date=February 9, 2015|agency=ESPN|date=February 9, 2015}}</ref> Texas Tech varsity teams have won two NCAA national titles, most recently the men's outdoor track and field championship in 2019, while the Lady Raiders basketball team won the school's first ever title in 1993.

[[File:Ebritton.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Red Raiders in action in 2007]]
The Texas Tech Lady Raiders, led by player Sheryl Swoopes and head coach Marsha Sharp, won the 1993 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship.<ref name="Division I Women's Basketball"/> The men's basketball team has made 14 appearances in the NCAA Men's Division I Tournament. Bob Knight served as men's basketball coach from the beginning of the 2001 season until February 4, 2008. On January 1, 2007, he set the record for most coaching victories in men's NCAA Division I basketball history when the Red Raiders defeated the New Mexico Lobos, 70–68.<ref name="Texas Tech win gives Knight historic 880th victory"/> Upon Knight's retirement, his son Pat Knight became the head coach of the team for several seasons until Billy Gillispie replaced him.<ref name="Pat Knight proving he's not quite like his father"/> In 2013, Tubby Smith replaced Gillispie.<ref name="New Basketball Coach">{{cite news|title=Texas Tech hires Tubby Smith as new coach|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaab/2013/04/01/texas-tech-hires-tubby-smith-as-new-coach/2043327/|access-date=April 11, 2013|newspaper=The Associated Press|date=April 2, 2013}}</ref> After Tubby Smith's departure in 2016, Chris Beard, an assistant under Bob Knight, came aboard. Beard quickly achieved national attention, leading the team to its first Elite Eight appearance in just his second season. He led the Red Raiders to the Final Four in his third year, losing in the National Championship game to Virginia. The Red Raiders current head coach is Grant McCasland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grant McCasland - Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://texastech.com/staff-directory/grant-mccasland/4165 |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=Texas Tech Red Raiders |language=en}}</ref>

Since 1999, Texas Tech has played home basketball games at United Spirit Arena, a 15,020-seat multipurpose facility which cost ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US|62000000|1999}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}} to build.<ref name="Tech's United Spirit Arena opens to glowing reviews"/> In addition to serving as home to the men's and women's basketball teams, the Red Raider volleyball team uses the arena. Texas Tech students broke the Big 12 Conference record for student attendance at the United Spirit Arena during a February 25, 2014 loss to Kansas State. The record of 6,086 students fell less than 2,000 short of the national record.<ref name="Record">{{cite news|last=Rose|first=Rex|title=Tech breaks Big 12 attendance record, falls to Kansas State|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/sports/article_f4ab2a9e-9eae-11e3-aa91-001a4bcf6878.html|access-date=February 26, 2014|newspaper=The Daily Toreador|date=February 26, 2014}}</ref>

The Red Raiders football team, is a member of the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly known as Division I-A) and is coached by Joey McGuire.<ref name="Kingsbury">{{cite web|last=Schad|first=Joe|title=Texas Tech hires Kliff Kingsbury|date=December 12, 2012|url=http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/8741465/kliff-kingsbury-hired-texas-tech-red-raiders-coach|publisher=ESPN|access-date=April 11, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029222017/http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/8741465/kliff-kingsbury-hired-texas-tech-red-raiders-coach | archive-date = October 29, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tuberville to be next coach at Texas Tech"/> Throughout the 2000s, then head coach Mike Leach lead the team to national prominence. In 14 of its last 15 seasons, the Red Raiders have finished with a winning record, the fourth-longest such streak in the nation at the time.<ref name="Texas Tech-SMU game facts"/><ref name="wolverines"/> The Red Raiders have made 36 bowl appearances, which is 17th most of any university.<ref name="Team Records – Most Bowl Appearances"/> From 1932 to 1956, as members of the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Red Raiders won eight conference championships and one co-championship, the most held by a Border Conference member. After joining the Southwest Conference, the Red Raiders added conference co-championships in 1976 and 1994.<ref name="NationalChamps.net"/>

[[File:JonesATT.jpg|thumb|Jones AT&T Stadium west side facade]]
Jones AT&T Stadium is home to the Red Raiders football team. The stadium, named for Clifford B. and Audrey Jones, opened in 1947 and has a capacity of 60,454. In 2000, the stadium was renamed Jones SBC Stadium after SBC Communications made a $30 million contribution to the university. Following SBC Communications' acquisition of AT&T Corporation in 2006 and its subsequent adoption of the AT&T name, the stadium was renamed Jones AT&T Stadium.<ref name="Jones AT&T Stadium. Delivered."/> The stadium's original seating capacity was 27,000, but it was expanded in 1959, 1972, 2003, 2009, 2010, and 2013.

On August 7, 2008, the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System announced a $25 million expansion project.<ref name="Expansion of Jones AT&T Stadium expected to bring more than appeal"/> The expansion added a Spanish Renaissance-themed façade to the stadium's east side. In addition to the improvements to the facility's exterior, the expansion added 1,000 general-admission seats, 550 club seats, and 26 suites.<ref name="Tech rallies funding for stadium's east side"/> Texas Tech allocated $19 million to the expansion and added another $6 million through fund-raising initiatives.<ref name="Jones"/> On November 20, 2008, university officials announced the project's fundraising goal had been exceeded.<ref name="Tech stadium expansion set after funding goal met"/> The expansion' groundbreaking ceremonies took place on November 29, 2008, and construction was completed before the 2009 football season.<ref name=Jones /><ref name="Fundraising Goals Reached for Jones AT&T Stadium Expansion"/>

In January 2013, construction added another 368 seats in the north endzone and two observation decks. The $11 million project also includes a significantly upgraded [[Engineering:Jumbotron|jumbotron]] with a new sound system, a Spanish Renaissance-themed [[Engineering:Colonnade|colonnade]], and a north end zone concourse that connects the two stadium halves. Along with the other additions, 157 feet of ribbon board will be added on the north end zone, more than 160 linear feet in the northeast and northwest corners of the stadium, and 94 lineal feet in the south end zone over the athletic offices. The construction was completed during the 2013 season.<ref name="DT">{{cite news|last=McKee|first=Catherine|title=Expansion on Jones AT&T Stadium to begin Jan. 2013|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/news/article_f2b5fb50-463b-11e2-af05-001a4bcf6878.html|access-date=January 2, 2013|newspaper=The Daily Toreador|date=December 14, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304145926/http://www.dailytoreador.com/news/article_f2b5fb50-463b-11e2-af05-001a4bcf6878.html | archive-date = March 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref> The stadium's capacity is 60,862, making it the third-largest on-campus stadium in Texas.<ref name="2010 Media Supplement"/>

The Red Raiders baseball team played its first game in 1925.<ref name="2008 Baseball Media Guide"/>  The team has two conference championships, two conference tournament championships, and has made nine NCAA Division I Baseball Championship tournament appearances.<ref name="Texas Tech Year-by-Year Scores"/> Larry Hays coached the team from 1987 to 2008 and compiled a .639 winning percentage.<ref name="Larry Hays steps down as Tech baseball's head coach"/> Following Hays' retirement on June 2, 2008, Assistant Coach Dan Spencer was promoted to head coach.<ref name="Dan Spencer Named Head Baseball Coach at Texas Tech"/> Dan Spencer was replaced by Tim Tadlock following the 2012 season and made its first appearance in the College World Series in 2013. At least 20 former Red Raiders baseball players have gone on to play in the Major Leagues.<ref name="Texas Tech University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues"/>  The team plays its home games at Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park. The field, renovated in 2012 and on the main campus in Lubbock, has a seating capacity of 5,050.<ref name="Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian"/>

Texas Tech's track and field teams have been led by head coach Wes Kittley since 2000. Under Kittley, the men's team won the NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championship in 2019, and has produced seven Olympic medalists, 16 national champions, over 200 All-Americans and 119 Big 12 Champions including Michael Mathieu, Sally Kipyego, Kennedy Kithuka, Shereefa Lloyd, Gil Roberts and others.<ref name=Kittley>{{cite web|title=Wes Kittley Bio|url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/c-track/mtt/kittley_wes00.html|website=TexasTech.com|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=March 15, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091818/http://www.texastech.com/sports/c-track/mtt/kittley_wes00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In addition to varsity sports, the university's Sport Clubs Federation offers 30 recreational and competitive sport clubs, including polo, rugby union, lacrosse, fencing, and soccer.<ref name="ttu8"/> In 2006, Texas Tech beat rival Texas A&M to win the United States Polo Association National Intercollegiate Championship.<ref name="Things happen fast on Texas Tech's Polo Grounds."/><ref name="Aggies, Tech renew rivalry"/><ref name="T-sippers or tortilla-throwers: Aggies should consider Tech another school rival"/>
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=== Mascots ===
The Masked Rider is Texas Tech University's oldest mascot. The tradition began in 1936, when "ghost riders" were dared to circle the field prior to home football games. The Masked Rider became an official mascot in 1954, when Joe Kirk Fulton led the team onto the field at the Gator Bowl. According to reports from those at the game, the crowd sat in stunned silence as they watched Fulton and his horse Blackie rush onto the football field, followed by the team. After a few moments, the silent crowd burst into cheers. Ed Danforth, a writer for the ''Atlanta Journal'' who witnessed the event, later wrote, "No team in any bowl game ever made a more sensational entrance."<ref name="Mascots unmasked: A lasting tradition for Texas Tech began at 1954 Gator Bowl"/><ref name="History of Masked Rider: A history of one of Texas Tech's Oldest and Best-Loved Traditions"/> In 2000, The Masked Rider tradition was commemorated with the unveiling of a statue outside of the university's Frazier Alumni Pavilion. The sculpture, created by artist Grant Speed, is 25% larger than life.<ref name="Rider stands larger than life: A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home"/>

Today, the Masked Rider, with guns up, leads the team onto the field for all home games. This mascot, adorned in a distinctive gaucho hat like those worn by members of the marching band, is one of the most visible figures at Texas Tech.

Texas Tech's other mascot, Raider Red, is a more recent creation. Beginning with the 1971 football season, the Southwest Conference forbade the inclusion of live animal mascots to away games unless the host school consented. For situations where the host school did not want to allow the Masked Rider's horse, an alternative mascot was needed. Jim Gaspard, a member of the Saddle Tramps student spirit organization, created the original design for the Raider Red costume, basing it on a character created by cartoonist Dirk West, a Texas Tech alumnus and former Lubbock mayor.<ref name="Dirk West: Before the mustache, guns"/> Although the Masked Rider's identity is public knowledge, it has always been tradition that Raider Red's student alter ego is kept secret until the end of his or her tenure.<ref name="Raider Red"/> The student serving as Raider Red is a member of the Saddle Tramps or High Riders.
{{Clear}}

== Traditions ==

=== Carol of Lights ===
[[File:TTUlights.jpg|thumb|left|Carol of Lights]]
The Carol of Lights is an annual event, sponsored by the Residence Halls Association, traditionally held the first Friday in December, to celebrate the holiday season. The event begins with a carillon concert, from the 43 bells in the west tower of the Administration Building followed a torch-light processional by the Saddle Tramps and High Riders spirit organizations. The Texas Tech Trombone Choir and combined choirs lead the crowd in singing carols and the illumination ceremony culminates with a soloist performance of "O Holy Night" in the Science Quadrangle. This is followed by the lighting ceremony, where 13 buildings within the Texas Technological College Historic District are illuminated with the over 25,000 red, white, and orange lights.<ref name="Carol of Lights"/> The lights remain on the campus buildings until the first week when students come back from the holiday break.<ref name="ttu 1"/>

In 1959, Texas Tech University Board of Directors member Harold Hinn planned and provided the funding to cover the Science Quadrangle and Administration Building with 5,000 lights. However, students were away on Christmas break and did not see the display. The following year, the Residence Hall Association sponsored the event under the name "Christmas Sing". In 1961, the event was renamed Carol of Lights and the display increased to 16,000 lights.<ref name="Carol of Lights9"/> The tradition has since grown to include decorations like the 38-foot lighted Christmas tree, 3,000 luminaries lining the sidewalks of Memorial Circle, and a 21-foot fresh pine wreath hung on the Physics/Geosciences building built by Women's Service Organization.<ref name="ttu 1"/>

=== Double T ===
[[File:Texas Tech Athletics logo.svg|upright|thumb|Double T]]
The most readily identified symbol of Texas Tech is the Double T. The logo, generally attributed to Texas Tech's first football coach, E. Y. Freeland, was first used as decoration on the sweaters for the football players.<ref name="Double T Symbol"/> The Double T existed in its original form as an official logo from 1963 to 1999 and was updated in 2000. The new logo maintains the original premise, but incorporates three-dimensional beveling effects coupled with white trim.

To recognize the importance of the Double T to Texas Tech, the class of 1931 donated the Double T bench. By tradition, freshmen are not allowed to sit on the bench, which is in the courtyard of the Administration Building. The logo is further embodied in the Double T neon sign, donated by the class of 1938 and affixed to the east side of Jones AT&T Stadium. At the time of its purchase, this was reputedly the largest neon sign in existence.<ref name="Parent"/>

=== Will Rogers and Soapsuds ===
[[File:Wrstatue.jpg|thumb|left|Will Rogers and Soapsuds]]
One of the most well-known landmarks on campus is the statue of Will Rogers on his horse Soapsuds. The statue, entitled "Riding Into the Sunset", has resided at the center of the campus since it was dedicated on February 16, 1950, by Rogers' longtime friend Amon G. Carter.<ref name="Will and Soapsuds"/> Carter claimed that Texas Tech was the ideal setting for the statue, and that it would be an appropriate addition to the traditions and scenery of West Texas.<ref name="Will Rogers statue dedicated"/>  The statue, estimated to cost $25,000 ($239,000 in 2013 dollars) when it was dedicated, stands {{convert|9|ft|11|in|m}} and weighs {{convert|3200|lb|kg}}.<ref name="How to Live as a Raider in 12 Big Ways"/> The inscription on the plaque at the base of the statue reads: "Lovable Old Will Rogers on his favorite horse, 'Soapsuds', riding into the Western sunset."<ref name="Rogers"/>

The statue continues to be a part of school tradition. Before every home football game, the Saddle Tramps wrap it with red crêpe paper, a tradition dating back to 1969 and a loss to Texas A&M after which the statue was found covered in maroon paint in an apparent prank. In times of national tragedies, the statue has also been wrapped in black crêpe paper.<ref name=Rogers/>

According to one campus legend taught to students during freshman orientation, the statue was originally to be positioned with Will Rogers facing due west, so it would appear he was riding into the sunset. However, that position would cause Soapsuds' posterior end to face due east, a dubious greeting to visitors entering by the main eastern campus entrance where the statue is placed. The horse's rear would also be facing downtown Lubbock, potentially insulting the Lubbock business community. The legend holds that this problem was solved by Tech's Civil Engineering department, who calculated that a 23° turn of Soapsuds' head to the north would line up Soapsuds' rear end directly toward College Station, Texas, home of the rival Texas A&M Aggies.<ref name=Rogers/><ref name="Ten things you didn't know about Texas Tech"/> Modern surveys and satellite imagery have determined the statue's posterior end actually points roughly equidistantly between College Station and Austin, home of another rival team, the Texas Longhorns.<ref name="LubbockAvalanceJournal">{{Cite web|url=http://lubbockonline.com/local-news/2011-10-04/texas-tech-will-rogers-and-legend-am#.Vgnhq_lVhBc|title = Texas Tech, Will Rogers and the legend of A&M}}</ref><ref name="SoapsudsMythraiders">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyGOF9Q4dVk|title = Will Rogers Statue Disses A&M ... And UT? The Myth Raiders Get the Truth on this Texas Tech Belief|website = [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]]}}</ref>

=== Texas Tech ring ===
While the class ring had occasionally used a universal design, by the late 20th century, various styles were available. In 1999, the university reverted to a single ring design for the university's graduates. The new Official Texas Tech Alumni Association Class Ring symbolically captures the essence of Texas Tech with the prominent Double T logo surrounded by the school's full name and date of foundation. By tradition, undergraduates wear the ring with the Double T logo facing themselves. Upon graduation, the ring is turned so the logo faces outward.

One shoulder of the ring displays an image of the Administration Building, with the bells which represent victory. The other shoulder contains the university seal: an [[Biology:Bald eagle|American eagle]] perched above a book, representing the church; a star, representing the State of Texas; a key, representing home; and, a lamp, representing knowledge. These elements are separated by a cross featuring ten cotton bolls, one each for Lubbock and its nine surrounding cotton-producing counties.<ref name="TTAA Class Ring & Ceremony"/>

== Notable alumni ==
[[File:Richard Husband, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg|thumb|upright|Colonel Rick Husband]]
The Texas Tech Alumni Association, with over 27,000 members, operates more than 120 chapters in cities throughout the United States and the world.<ref name="Chapter Network"/><ref name="Texas Tech Alumni Association"/> Throughout Texas Tech's history, faculty, alumni, and former students have played prominent roles in many different fields. Among its Distinguished Alumni is Demetrio B. Lakas, President of the Republic of Panama from 1969 to 1978.<ref name="Demetrio Lakas, 74, Panama Leader Who Had Role in Shaping Canal Pacts"/><ref name="Activities & Programs: Distinguished Alumni Dinner"/> Three United States Governors, Daniel I. J. Thornton, Governor of Colorado from 1951 to 1955, John Burroughs, Governor of New Mexico from 1959 to 1961, and Preston Smith, Governor of Texas from 1968 to 1972, are graduates of the university.<ref name="Governor Daniel I.J. Thornton Collection"/><ref name="New Mexico Governor John Burroughs"/><ref name="Preston Smith Bio"/> Texas Tech alumni have also served in the Texas Legislature, including State Representative Justin Holland from 2017 to present.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Representatives|first=Texas House of|title=Texas House of Representatives|url=https://www.house.texas.gov/|access-date=May 25, 2021|website=www.house.texas.gov}}</ref>

Five [[Astronaut|astronaut]]s, including Rick Husband, the final commander of [[Engineering:Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] and recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, graduated from the university.<ref name=Husband /><ref name="AstronautFactBook">{{cite web|title=Astronaut Fact Book|url=https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/740566main_current.pdf|publisher=[[Organization:NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|date=April 2013|access-date=December 12, 2020}}</ref>{{refn|group=Note|name=AstronautFactBook|Astronaut Fact Book was last published by NASA in 2013. Joseph Acaba is a 2015 graduate of the College of Education.}} U.S. Marine Corps Major and Medal of Honor recipient George H. O'Brien Jr. is a distinguished alumnus.<ref name="George H. O'Brien Jr., 78, Marine Awarded Medal of Honor, Dies"/> Richard E. Cavazos is a two-time Distinguished Service Cross recipient and the first Hispanic and Mexican American to advance to the rank of four-star general in the U.S. Army.<ref name="Richard E. Cavazos: First Hispanic American Four-star General"/> {{wipe|United States Air Force}} Major General Wendy Motlong Masiello, one of the highest-ranking women in the United States Department of Defense, is a 1980 graduate of Texas Tech's Rawls College of Business Administration. Alumna Arati Prabhakar, the former head of DARPA, was the first woman to head the [[Organization:National Institute of Standards and Technology|National Institute of Standards and Technology]]. [[Biography:Ginger Kerrick|Ginger Kerrick]], American physicist, was the first Hispanic female NASA Flight Director. Charles Q. Brown Jr. is the first African-American to be appointed as chief of staff of the United States Air Force and the first African-American to lead any branch of the United States Armed Forces. Texas Tech's influence on the business world is seen in such people as [[Company:General Motors|General Motors]] Chairman and CEO Edward Whitacre Jr., Finisar CEO Jerry S. Rawls, Belo Corporation CEO Dunia A. Shive, and [[Company:ExxonMobil|ExxonMobil]] board member Angela Braly, ranked by ''Fortune'' magazine as the most powerful woman in business.<ref name="Edward E. Whitacre Jr. – Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, AT&T Inc."/><ref name="Jerry Rawls Profile"/><ref name="Dunia Shive: Executive Profile and Biography"/><ref name="WellPoint CEO choice surprises some"/><ref name="Fortune 500 Women CEOs – Angela Braly (1)"/> Scott Pelley, anchor and managing editor for ''CBS Evening News'' and correspondent for ''60&nbsp;Minutes'', is a graduate of the College of Media & Communication.

Texas Tech alumni have also made contributions to sports, music, and acting. Texas Tech Red Raiders have gone on to play in the NFL, NBA, WNBA, and MLB. Two of the most notable football players are Donny Anderson who as a member of the Green Bay Packers when they won Super Bowl I & Super Bowl II, and longtime Miami Dolphins All-Pro linebacker Zach Thomas. Alumni standouts include 2018 and 2022 NFL MVP and two-time All-Pro quarterback Patrick Mahomes, two-time Bilentenkoff Award-winning wide receiver Michael Crabtree, Danny Amendola, and Wes Welker.<ref name="Zach Thomas Profile"/><ref name="Wes Welker Profile"/> Others among the university's alumni are folk rocker John Denver, country singer Pat Green, mezzo-soprano Susan Graham, actor Barry Corbin, Friday Night Lights actor Brad Leland, and actor George Eads.<ref name="John Denver killed in plane crash"/><ref name="Pat Green: Texas Songwriter"/><ref name="Biography for George Eads"/> John Hinckley Jr., who attempted to assassinate U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1981, attended the university sporadically from 1973 to 1980.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/hinckley.shtml|title=The Lubbock Centennial 1909–2009 – presented by The Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|work=lubbockcentennial.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143644/http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/hinckley.shtml|archive-date=September 25, 2013}}</ref><ref name="John Hinckley Jr. brings infamy to Lubbock" />
{{Clear}}

==See also==
* List of colleges and universities in Texas

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="Note"}}
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="1970 Tornado Creates the Texas Tech Wind Science and Engineering Center">{{cite news|title=1970 Tornado Creates the Texas Tech Wind Science and Engineering Center|publisher=KCBD|date=May 9, 2005|url=http://www.kcbd.com/global/story.asp?s=3318493|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219194031/http://www.kcbd.com/global/story.asp?s=3318493|archive-date=February 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="2008 Baseball Media Guide">{{cite web|title=2008 Baseball Media Guide|publisher=Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site |url=http://texastech.cstv.com/auto_pdf/p_hotos/s_chools/text/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/2008mediaguide|format=PDF|access-date=July 6, 2008
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<ref name="2010 Media Supplement">{{cite web | title=2010 Media Supplement | publisher=Texas Tech University | access-date=August 6, 2010 | url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="4 Tech graduate programs ranked in annual Top 100">{{cite news|last=Bolls|first=Glenys|title=4 Tech graduate programs ranked in annual Top 100|work=The Daily Toreador |date=April 22, 2008|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_f4c76a71-6908-5541-961f-9e12815e405f.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

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<ref name="Abilene home to three distinguished colleges">{{cite news|last=Mares|first=Lluvia|title=Abilene home to three distinguished colleges|work=Abilene Reporter-News|date=January 27, 2006|url=http://www.reporternews.com/news/2006/Jan/27/abilene-home-to-three-distinguished-colleges/|access-date=August 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218025621/http://www.reporternews.com/news/2006/Jan/27/abilene-home-to-three-distinguished-colleges/|archive-date=February 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="About the Museum">{{cite web
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<ref name="About Us: History">{{cite web|title=About Us: History|publisher=Texas Tech Alumni Association|url=http://www.texastechalumni.org/s/1422/3col.aspx?sid=1422&gid=1&pgid=449 |access-date=August 10, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722165945/http://www.texastechalumni.org/s/1422/3col.aspx?sid=1422&gid=1&pgid=449
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<ref name="Academic Ranking of Texas Tech University">{{cite web|title=Academic Ranking of Texas Tech University|publisher=Shanghai Jiao Tong University |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/Texas-Tech-University.html|access-date=October 30, 2013
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<ref name="Academic Support Services: Study Abroad Program">{{cite web|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/catalog/_AcademicSupport.php#Abroad|title=Academic Support Services: Study Abroad Program|access-date=August 17, 2008|publisher=Texas Tech University Official Publications|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828154302/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/catalog/_AcademicSupport.php#Abroad|archive-date=August 28, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Accredited Programs List">{{cite web|title=Accredited Programs List|publisher=Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology |url=http://main.abet.org/aps/AccreditedProgramsDetails.aspx?OrganizationID=123|access-date=October 16, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006214728/http://main.abet.org/aps/AccreditedProgramsDetails.aspx?OrganizationID=123 | archive-date = October 6, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Active and Inactive Chapters">{{cite web|url=http://www.kkytbs.org/Online/fused/index.cfm?fuseaction=ChapterDirectory.DisplayChapterList&Layout=TBS&Organization=TBS|title=Active and Inactive Chapters|access-date=August 28, 2008|publisher=Tau Beta Sigma| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220015651/http://www.kkytbs.org/Online/fused/index.cfm?fuseaction=ChapterDirectory.DisplayChapterList&Layout=TBS&Organization=TBS | archive-date = February 20, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Activities & Programs: Distinguished Alumni Dinner">{{cite web|title=Activities & Programs: Distinguished Alumni Dinner|publisher=Texas Tech Alumni Association |url=https://www.texastechalumni.org/olc/pub/TTAA/cpages/programs/distinguished_alumni.jsp|access-date=August 28, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001084850/https://www.texastechalumni.org/olc/pub/TTAA/cpages/programs/distinguished_alumni.jsp | archive-date = October 1, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ADF">{{cite web|title="Speech zones" and "speech code" struck down at Texas Tech University|publisher=Alliance Defense Fund |url=http://www.alliancedefendingfreedom.org/News/PRDetail/822|access-date=October 16, 2013
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<ref name="Administration">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcbd.com/global/story.asp?s=8613599|title=The Texas Tech Administration Building|access-date=August 17, 2008|publisher=KCBD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503225237/http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8613599|archive-date=May 3, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas">{{cite book|last=Shabazz|first=Amilcar|title=Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=2004|location=Greensboro|page=[https://archive.org/details/advancingdemocra00shab/page/205 205]|isbn=978-0-8078-5505-8|url=https://archive.org/details/advancingdemocra00shab/page/205}}</ref>

<ref name="Aggies, Tech renew rivalry">{{cite news|last=Weddle|first=Jason|title=Aggies, Tech renew rivalry|work=The Daily Texan|date=November 12, 2004 |url=http://media.www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2004/11/12/Sports/Aggies.Tech.Renew.Rivalry-803111.shtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20070714213142/http://media.www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2004/11/12/Sports/Aggies.Tech.Renew.Rivalry-803111.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 14, 2007|access-date=August 25, 2008
}}</ref>

<ref name="Approved Degree Programs">{{cite web|title=Approved Degree Programs |publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.irim.ttu.edu/DEGREES/FY2011/newindex.php|access-date=June 21, 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326030917/http://www.irim.ttu.edu/DEGREES/FY2011/newindex.php | archive-date = March 26, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Astronaut Bio: Paul Lockhart">
{{cite web |title=Astronaut Bio:Paul Lockhart |publisher=NASA |url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lockhart.html |access-date=October 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313105635/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/lockhart.html |archive-date=March 13, 2014 |url-status=dead }}
</ref>

<ref name="Balancing state's budget requires all do fair share">{{cite news |last = Hance|first = Kent|title = Balancing state's budget requires all do fair share|newspaper = Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|page = A4|url = http://lubbockonline.com/columnists/2011-02-07/hance-balancing-states-budget-requires-all-do-fair-share|date = February 7, 2011|access-date = February 10, 2011
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| url-status=live}}</ref>

<!-- unused <ref name="barwinkel">{{Citation|first=Sarah|last=Barwinkel|title=Breaking Ground to Keeping from Breaking Down: How the New Deal Kept the Texas Tech Campus Moving Forward in the 1930s |work=West Texas Historical Association annual meeting|year=2010|place=Fort Worth}}</ref> -->

<ref name="Biography for George Eads">{{cite web|title=Biography for George Eads|work=TV Guide|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/george-eads/bio/151586|access-date=August 14, 2008
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<ref name="Branching out: Tech's roots stretch across Lone Star State">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_e9ad6d3c-c166-51d3-a827-32f02e2bb010.html|title=Branching out: Tech's roots stretch across Lone Star State|access-date=October 16, 2013|date=August 23, 2007|first=Michelle|last=Casady|work=The Daily Toreador}}</ref>

<ref name="Business College earns top 50 ranking">{{cite news|last=Bolls|first=Glenys|title=Business College earns top 50 ranking|work=The Daily Toreador|date=March 22, 2007|url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2007/03/22/News/Business.College.Earns.Top.50.Ranking-2786200.shtml?mkey=2547874|access-date=August 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929084311/http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2007/03/22/News/Business.College.Earns.Top.50.Ranking-2786200.shtml?mkey=2547874|archive-date=September 29, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Carol of Lights">{{cite web|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/carol.php|title=Carol of Lights|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=September 5, 2008
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<ref name="Carol of Lights9">{{cite web|url=http://housing.ttu.edu/carol.php|title=Carol of Lights|publisher=Texas Tech University|access-date=October 24, 2010
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<ref name="CEV abort system gains a brain">{{cite web|title=CEV abort system gains a brain|publisher=nasaspaceflight.com|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=4153 |access-date=August 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115215703/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content/?cid=4153 |archive-date = November 15, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Chancellor">{{cite web |publisher=Texas Tech University |date=n.d. |title=Welcome from the Chancellor |access-date=October 21, 2018 |url=http://currentemployees.hr.ttu.edu/chancellor/}}</ref>

<ref name="Chapter Directory">{{cite web|title=Chapter Directory|publisher=Beta Gamma Sigma|url=http://www.betagammasigma.org/chapterlist.htm|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408053503/http://www.betagammasigma.org/chapterlist.htm|archive-date=April 8, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Chapter Directory7">{{cite web|publisher=Tau Beta Pi|url=http://www.tbp.org/pages/Chapters/CollegiateChapters.cfm|title=Chapter Directory|access-date=August 14, 2008
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<ref name="Chapter Information">{{cite web|url=http://www.apo.org/show/Chapter_Resources/Chapter_Information|title=Chapter Information|access-date=August 28, 2008|publisher=Alpha Phi Omega |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526022538/http://www.apo.org/show/Chapter_Resources/Chapter_Information |archive-date = May 26, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Chapter Network">{{cite web|title=Chapter Network|publisher=Texas Tech Alumni Association |url=http://www.texastechalumni.org/olc/pub/TTAA/cpages/chapter_network/chapter_network.jsp|access-date=July 31, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001084806/http://www.texastechalumni.org/olc/pub/TTAA/cpages/chapter_network/chapter_network.jsp | archive-date = October 1, 2011| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="College of Arts and Sciences">{{cite web|title=College of Arts and Sciences |publisher=[[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]] |url=http://www.texastech.edu/giving/colleges%20&%20schools/TTU/arts&sciences.html |access-date=August 9, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815184216/http://www.texastech.edu/giving/colleges%20%26%20schools/TTU/arts%26sciences.html |archive-date=August 15, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="College of Engineering Ranking Climbs in U.S. News & World Report">{{cite web|last=Cranford|first=Leslie|title=College of Engineering Ranking Climbs in U.S. News & World Report |date=September 4, 2009|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2009/09/engineering-ranking/|access-date=August 26, 2008|publisher=Texas Tech University
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724194930/http://today.ttu.edu/2009/09/engineering-ranking/ | archive-date = July 24, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref> -->

<ref name="Collegiate Chapters: Texas">{{cite web|url=http://www.sinfonia.org/Directory/chapbystate.asp?STATE=TX&STATENAME=Texas|title=Collegiate Chapters: Texas|access-date=August 28, 2008|publisher=Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329065355/http://www.sinfonia.org/Directory/chapbystate.asp?STATE=TX&STATENAME=Texas|archive-date=March 29, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Delta Sigma Pi Collegiate Chapters">{{cite web|url=https://www.deltasigmapi.org/chapter-locator/chapterfulldetails?cid=96|title=Chapter Details|access-date=November 20, 2015|publisher=Delta Sigma Pi}}</ref>

<ref name="Controversy">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Robert|title=The Name Change Controversy|publisher=Southwest Collection|date=January–February 1990 |url=http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/pdf/1990.pdf|access-date=July 31, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="currently">As of 2006, the most recent year for which data are currently available,</ref>

<ref name="Dan Spencer Named Head Baseball Coach at Texas Tech">{{cite web|title=Dan Spencer Named Head Baseball Coach at Texas Tech|publisher=KCBD|url=http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?s=8488917|access-date=August 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219194023/http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?s=8488917|archive-date=February 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Degree Conferred Since 1927">{{cite web|title=Degree Conferred Since 1927|publisher=Texas Tech University |url=http://www.irs.ttu.edu/ARCHIVE/DEGAWD/DEGSEXFR27.HTM|access-date=May 14, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604022444/http://www.irs.ttu.edu/ARCHIVE/DEGAWD/DEGSEXFR27.HTM | archive-date = June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Demetrio Lakas, 74, Panama Leader Who Had Role in Shaping Canal Pacts">{{cite news|last=Page|first=Eric|title=Demetrio Lakas, 74, Panama Leader Who Had Role in Shaping Canal Pacts |work=The New York Times|date=November 7, 1999|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E1D8153AF934A35752C1A96F958260|access-date=August 13, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Dirk West: Before the mustache, guns">{{cite news|last=Gulick|first=Joe|title=Dirk West: Before the mustache, guns|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=May 4, 2008|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/050408/loc_275256359.shtml|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116123315/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/050408/loc_275256359.shtml|archive-date=January 16, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Division I Women's Basketball">{{cite web|title=Division I Women's Basketball|publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association|url=https://www.ncaa.com/history/basketball-women/d1 |access-date=October 30, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803161308/http://www.ncaa.com/history/basketball-women/d1 | archive-date = August 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Double T Symbol">{{cite web|title=Double T Symbol|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/doublet.php|access-date=August 19, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014181009/http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/doublet.php | archive-date = October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Dunia Shive: Executive Profile and Biography">{{cite web|title=Dunia Shive: Executive Profile and Biography|work=BusinessWeek |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=255061&symbol=BLC|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709113805/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=255061&symbol=BLC|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 9, 2012|access-date=August 23, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Edward E. Whitacre Jr. – Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, AT&T Inc.">{{cite web|title=Edward E. Whitacre Jr. – Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, AT&T Inc. |publisher=AT&T Inc.|url=http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=7815|access-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204145052/http://www.att.com/gen/investor-relations?pid=7815 |archive-date = February 4, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="EF-Scale Training">{{cite web|title=EF-Scale Training|publisher=[[Earth:National Weather Service|National Weather Service]]|date=February 11, 2008|url=http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/EF-scale/index.html |access-date=August 13, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618173356/http://www.wdtb.noaa.gov/courses/EF-scale/index.html | archive-date = June 18, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name=Enrollment14>{{cite web |last1=Cook |first1=Chris |title=Texas Tech Enrollment Figures Shatter Previous Numbers |date=September 23, 2014 |url=http://today.ttu.edu/2014/09/texas-tech-enrollment-figures-shatter-previous-numbers/ |website=Texas Tech Today |access-date=September 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924082227/http://today.ttu.edu/2014/09/texas-tech-enrollment-figures-shatter-previous-numbers/ |archive-date=September 24, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TTUSEndowment">As of August 31, 2022. {{cite web|title=Report on TTUS Endowments As of August 31, 2022 |publisher=Texas Tech University System |url=https://www.texastech.edu/board-of-regents/november-2022/endowments-nov-2022.pdf |date=November 17, 2022 |access-date= June 29, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="FacultyCount">{{cite web |url=https://techdata.irs.ttu.edu/FactBook/Faculty/FACTCOLLGEN.aspx |title=Faculty Count by College and Gender - Fall 2022 |date=January 2023 |website=Institutional Research |publisher=Texas Tech University |access-date=June 29, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="EnrollmentCount">{{cite web |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/irim/HistoricalData/FALLENRL.php |title=Total Enrollment by College - Fall 2023 |date=October 2023 |website=Institutional Research |publisher=Texas Tech University |access-date=November 9, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Expansion of Jones AT&T Stadium expected to bring more than appeal">{{cite news|last=Coleman|first=Adam|title=Expansion of Jones AT&T Stadium expected to bring more than appeal |work=The Daily Toreador|date=August 25, 2008|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_00ce190e-d388-5dc9-acdf-563f564aad59.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Fact Sheet: Fall 2007">{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet: Fall 2007|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.irs.ttu.edu/NEWFACTBOOK/FactSheets/FactSheet-Fall2007.pdf |access-date=August 31, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Fighting">{{cite news|last=Siegrist|first=Nikki|title=Tech Traditions: Fighting for Change|work=The Daily Toreador|date=March 3, 2003 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_0742a610-02ed-5fc8-b7ad-6074ead8a622.html | access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<!--ref name="forbes">{{cite web| url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/texas-tech-university/ | title=Texas Tech University – Forbes|access-date=July 30, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104205505/http://www.forbes.com/colleges/texas-tech-university/ | archive-date = November 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref-->

<ref name="Fortune 500 Women CEOs – Angela Braly (1)">{{cite news|title=Fortune 500 Women CEOs – Angela Braly (1)|work=Fortune|date=April 24, 2008|url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0804/gallery.500_women_ceos.fortune/index.html|access-date=August 14, 2008|first=Jenny|last=Mero|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103184945/http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0804/gallery.500_women_ceos.fortune/index.html|archive-date=January 3, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Fundraising Goals Reached for Jones AT&T Stadium Expansion">{{cite news|last=McClure|first=David|title=Fundraising Goals Reached for Jones AT&T Stadium Expansion|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=November 19, 2008|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2008/11/stadium-expansion-goals-reached/|access-date=November 20, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061503/http://today.ttu.edu/2008/11/stadium-expansion-goals-reached/ | archive-date = September 21, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Game">{{cite web|url=http://redraiders.com/techs75th/namechange.htm|title=Tech began playing name-change game in '50s|access-date=August 10, 2008|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|author=Elizabeth Langton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020123163409/http://redraiders.com/techs75th/namechange.htm |archive-date=January 23, 2002}}</ref>

<ref name="General Information">{{cite web|title=General Information|publisher=Texas Tech University Office of Official Publications |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php|access-date=August 12, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829030758/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/facultyHB/general.php | archive-date = August 29, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="George H. O'Brien Jr., 78, Marine Awarded Medal of Honor, Dies">{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=Richard|title=George H. O'Brien Jr., 78, Marine Awarded Medal of Honor, Dies
|work=The New York Times|date=March 21, 2005|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/21/national/21obrien.html?_r=0|access-date=August 13, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Gov. Perry Announces ETF Investment in Texas Tech Research Program">{{cite web|title=Gov. Perry Announces ETF Investment in Texas Tech Research Program|publisher=State of Texas|url=http://www.governor.state.tx.us/divisions/press/pressreleases/PressRelease.2008-04-02.3304/view|access-date=August 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329071936/http://www.governor.state.tx.us/divisions/press/pressreleases/PressRelease.2008-04-02.3304/view|archive-date=March 29, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Governor Daniel I.J. Thornton Collection">{{cite web|title=Governor Daniel I.J. Thornton Collection|publisher=Colorado State Archives |url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/govs/thornton.html|access-date=August 13, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009020036/http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/govs/thornton.html | archive-date = October 9, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Grad">{{cite web|title=Tech History|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://grad.ba.ttu.edu/GSC_Tech_Lubbock/GSC_Tech_and_Lubbock_History.asp|access-date=August 6, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407195514/http://grad.ba.ttu.edu/GSC_Tech_Lubbock/GSC_Tech_and_Lubbock_History.asp | archive-date = April 7, 2010| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Graduate Creative Writing Program">{{cite web|title=Graduate Creative Writing Program|publisher=Texas Tech University |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/english/|access-date=August 11, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008122249/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/english/ | archive-date = October 8, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Guidelines – Tagline">{{cite web|title=Guidelines – Tagline|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/identityguidelines/idguidelines/ttu/brand.php#tagline|access-date=July 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604022428/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/identityguidelines/idguidelines/ttu/brand.php#tagline|archive-date=June 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web|title=Handbook of Texas Online: Texas Tech University|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/kct32|access-date=March 28, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014258/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/TT/kct32.html | archive-date = December 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Hardaway relates Tech experience">{{cite web|last=Scott|first=Sam|title=Hardaway relates Tech experience|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=February 7, 1999|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/020799/0207990053.shtml|access-date=August 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908065551/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/020799/0207990053.shtml|archive-date=September 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="HemoTech Findings Show Significant Promise For Combating Two Major Complications Involved In Treating Patients With Coronary Artery Disease">{{cite news|title=HemoTech Findings Show Significant Promise For Combating Two Major Complications Involved In Treating Patients With Coronary Artery Disease|publisher={{wipe|Business Wire}}|date=October 4, 2007 |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20071004005644/en/HemoTech-Findings-Show-Significant-Promise-Combating-Major|access-date=June 29, 2015}}</ref>

<ref name="History &Facts">{{cite web|title=History &Facts|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=August 11, 2008|url=http://www.iaff.ttu.edu/main/history.asp|access-date=August 11, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603171806/http://www.iaff.ttu.edu/main/history.asp | archive-date = June 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="History of Masked Rider: A history of one of Texas Tech's Oldest and Best-Loved Traditions">{{cite web|last=Ritz|first=Jennifer|title=History of Masked Rider: A history of one of Texas Tech's Oldest and Best-Loved Traditions|work=Texas Techsan Magazine|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/spiritsquads/MR_History.htm|access-date=August 12, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023061219/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/spiritsquads/MR_History.htm | archive-date = October 23, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Housing on Campus">{{cite web|title=Housing on Campus|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://housing.ttu.edu/ |access-date=February 25, 2010
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329075914/http://housing.ttu.edu/ | archive-date = March 29, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="How to Live as a Raider in 12 Big Ways">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_b2882c3a-a9ce-5c48-920c-c9bf12deadbd.html|title=How to Live as a Raider in 12 Big Ways|date=August 29, 2006|access-date=October 16, 2013|work=The Daily Toreador|last=Monahan|first=Stephen}}</ref>

<ref name="Hub">{{cite web|title=A History of Legendary Lubbock: The Hub City of West Texas|publisher=Lubbock Chamber of Commerce|page=9 |url=http://www.lubbockchamber.com/documents/AHistoryofLegendaryLubbock.pdf|access-date=August 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025082314/http://www.lubbockchamber.com/documents/AHistoryofLegendaryLubbock.pdf |archive-date = October 25, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Husband">{{cite web|title=Biographical Data: Rick Husband|publisher=NASA|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/husband.html|access-date=August 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313105441/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/husband.html|archive-date=March 13, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Institution Details: Texas Tech University">{{cite web|title=Institution Details: Texas Tech University|publisher=[[Organization:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]] |url=http://www.sacscoc.org/details.asp?instid=74880|access-date=August 12, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301221459/http://www.sacscoc.org/details.asp?instid=74880
| archive-date = March 1, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Jerry Rawls Profile">{{cite web|title=Jerry Rawls Profile|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jerry-rawls-1/|access-date=October 16, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017064021/http://www.forbes.com/profile/jerry-rawls-1/ | archive-date = October 17, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="John Denver killed in plane crash">{{cite news|title=John Denver killed in plane crash|publisher=CNN|date=October 13, 1997|url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9710/13/denver.nc|access-date=August 14, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130907075620/http://www.cnn.com/US/9710/13/denver.nc/ | archive-date = September 7, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="John Hinckley Jr. brings infamy to Lubbock">{{cite web|title=John Hinckley Jr. brings infamy to Lubbock|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|url=http://lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/hinckley.shtml|access-date=August 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925143644/http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/hinckley.shtml|archive-date=September 25, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Joining of communities led to Lubbock">{{cite news|last=Arenas|first=Jesus|title=Joining of communities led to Lubbock|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=June 23, 2001|url=http://www.lifeinlubbock.com/stories/062401/gen_0624010007.shtml|access-date=August 9, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113024935/http://www.lifeinlubbock.com/stories/062401/gen_0624010007.shtml|archive-date=November 13, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Jones AT&T Stadium. Delivered.">{{cite web|title=Jones AT&T Stadium. Delivered.|publisher=AT&T|url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=22200 |access-date=August 30, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116125226/http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=22200 | archive-date = January 16, 2014
| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Jones">{{cite web|url=http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8808300|title=New Expansion Plan for Texas Tech Jones AT&T Stadium|access-date=August 28, 2008|publisher=KCBD|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060021/http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8808300|archive-date=September 21, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="KCBD">{{cite news|title=Texas Tech a Major Part of Hub City History|publisher=KCBD|date=July 2, 2008|url=http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8613752|access-date=July 31, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219194114/http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8613752|archive-date=February 19, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Kent Hance Officially Named Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System">{{cite web|title=Kent Hance Officially Named Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System|publisher=[[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]]|url=http://www.texastech.edu/stories/06-11-hance.php|access-date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="KTXT-FM returns to air with different format">{{cite news|last=Boen|first=Hannah|title=KTXT-FM returns to air with different format|work=The Daily Toreador|date=June 19, 2009 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_8d74da29-975c-5e9c-9d6d-1ee481339ed2.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name=LAJ.Tier1>{{cite news |first=Karen |last=Michael |title=Texas Tech achieves Tier One Carnegie designation |date=February 3, 2016 |access-date=April 12, 2016 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |url=http://lubbockonline.com/education/2016-02-03/texas-tech-achieves-tier-one-carnegie-designation#.Vw00z0dXlaV}}</ref>

<ref name="Landing Tech may have been biggest step in Lubbock's first 100&nbsp;years">{{cite news|last=Hensley|first=Doug|title=Landing Tech may have been biggest step in Lubbock's first 100 years|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=August 3, 2008|url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/080308/loc_312967413.shtml|access-date=August 4, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902094011/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/080308/loc_312967413.shtml | archive-date = September 2, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Larry Hays steps down as Tech baseball's head coach">{{cite news|last=Coleman|first=Adam|title=Larry Hays steps down as Tech baseball's head coach|date=June 30, 2008 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_68d7ca49-d871-52df-abd1-f0676c6b0cd6.html|work=The Daily Toreador|access-date=October 16, 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="Law Chapters">{{cite web|url=http://www.pad.org/chapter-resources/law-school-chapters/list-of-law-school-chapters/|title=List of Law School Chapters|access-date=October 30, 2013 |publisher=Phi Alpha Delta| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102020413/http://www.pad.org/chapter-resources/law-school-chapters/list-of-law-school-chapters/ | archive-date = November 2, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Law student sues Texas Tech over free speech zones: Plaintiff claims First Amendment rights were violated by university">{{cite news | last=Hall | first=Delany | title=Law student sues Texas Tech over free speech zones: Plaintiff claims First Amendment rights were violated by university | work=The Daily Texan | date=June 13, 2003 | url=http://media.www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2003/06/13/News/Law-Student.Sues.Texas.Tech.Over.Free.Speech.Zones-494208.shtml | archive-url=https://archive.today/20070714213142/http://media.www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2003/06/13/News/Law-Student.Sues.Texas.Tech.Over.Free.Speech.Zones-494208.shtml | archive-date=July 14, 2007 | access-date=October 30, 2013 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Local News:Education briefly">{{cite news|title=Local News:Education briefly|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=April 19, 2008|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/041908/loc_270083441.shtml|access-date=August 1, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908072413/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/041908/loc_270083441.shtml|archive-date=September 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Lubbock Lake Landmark">{{cite web|title=Lubbock Lake Landmark|publisher=Texas Archeological Research Laboratory|date=October 1, 2001
|url= http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/lubbock/index.html|access-date=August 13, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514013255/http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/lubbock/index.html
| archive-date = May 14, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Mascots unmasked: A lasting tradition for Texas Tech began at 1954 Gator Bowl">{{cite news|last=Smits|first=Garry|title=Mascots unmasked: A lasting tradition for Texas Tech began at 1954 Gator Bowl|work=The Florida Times-Union|date=December 26, 2007|url=http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/122507/col_228878061.shtml|access-date=April 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116120158/http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/122507/col_228878061.shtml|archive-date=January 16, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="MIT's campus art collection rated among nation's best">{{cite web|title=MIT's campus art collection rated among nation's best|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |date=July 26, 2006|url= http://web.mit.edu/arts/announcements/prs/2006/0726_LVAC.html|access-date=August 13, 2008
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<ref name="Museum & Historical Park">{{cite web|title=About|publisher=National Ranching Heritage Center|url= http://nrhc.ttu.edu/about/|access-date=March 2, 2014
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<ref name="Museum of Texas Tech Receives National Accreditation">{{cite web|title=Museum of Texas Tech Receives National Accreditation|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=October 6, 2008 |url=http://today.ttu.edu/2008/10/museum-receives-national-accreditation/|access-date=October 6, 2008
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<ref name="NASA and Texas Tech to Develop New Spacecraft Systems">{{cite web|title=NASA and Texas Tech to Develop New Spacecraft Systems|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.cs.ttu.edu/~dcooke/NASA%20guidance.pdf|access-date=August 17, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225133600/http://www.cs.ttu.edu/~dcooke/NASA%20guidance.pdf|archive-date=February 25, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="NationalChamps.net">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Football History Database|publisher=NationalChamps.net|url=http://www.nationalchamps.net/NCAA/database/texastech_database.htm|access-date=August 14, 2008
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<ref name="Navigator">{{cite web|title=College Navigator: Texas Tech University|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|url= http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?id=229115 |access-date=August 13, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801025620/http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?id=229115 | archive-date = August 1, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="New Mexico Governor John Burroughs">{{cite web|title=New Mexico Governor John Burroughs|publisher=National Governor's Association |url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_new_mexico/col2-content/main-content-list/title_burroughs_john.html|access-date=October 30, 2013
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| archive-date = November 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="New Tech college seeks to impact West Texas">{{cite news|last=Graham|first=Mike|title=New Tech college seeks to impact West Texas|work=The Daily Toreador|date=September 17, 2008 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_d541544a-8d83-523e-934b-eaff3143752c.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="New Texas Tech grass">{{cite web|title=New Texas Tech grass|work=Houston Chronicle |url=http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/article/10951|access-date=August 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301185853/http://www.landscapeonline.com/research/article/10951|archive-date=March 1, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Official Colors">{{cite web|title=Primary Colors|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/identityguidelines/visual/materials/colors/primary/|website=TTU.edu|access-date=September 3, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Parent">{{cite web|title=A Review of Tech Traditions|publisher=Texas Tech University |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/studentaffairs/parent2002/information/traditions.pdf |access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530174907/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/studentaffairs/parent2002/information/traditions.pdf |archive-date=May 30, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Pat Green: Texas Songwriter">{{cite web|last=Dechert|first=Renee|title=Pat Green: Texas Songwriter|publisher=Pop Matters|date=December 26, 2002 |url=https://www.popmatters.com/music/interviews/green-pat-021226.shtml|access-date=August 14, 2008
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<ref name="Pat Knight proving he's not quite like his father">{{cite news|last=Griffin|first=Tim|title=Pat Knight proving he's not quite like his father|publisher=ESPN|date=June 3, 2008 |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/columns/story?id=3422654|access-date=August 14, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331230641/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/columns/story?id=3422654 | archive-date = March 31, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Perry suggests AT&T executive for UT chancellor job">{{cite news|title=Perry suggests AT&T executive for UT chancellor job|publisher=Houston Chronicle|date=April 23, 2008 |url=https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Perry-suggests-AT-T-executive-for-UT-chancellor-1767915.php |first=Gary |last=Scharrer|access-date=October 30, 2013
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<ref name="PGMS Green Star Awards: Honoring the Best in Grounds Management">{{cite web|title=PGMS Green Star Awards: Honoring the Best in Grounds Management|publisher=Professional Grounds Management Society|url=http://pgms.org/green-star-awards/past-winners/|access-date=October 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007124820/http://pgms.org/green-star-awards/past-winners/ | archive-date = October 7, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="President">{{cite web |title=Dr. Lawrence Schovanec |date=n.d. |website=Texas Tech University |url=http://www.ttu.edu/administration/president/}}</ref>

<ref name="Preston Smith Bio">{{cite web|title=Preston Smith Bio|publisher=Texas State Archive|url=http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=7163|access-date=August 13, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118134559/http://www.cemetery.state.tx.us/pub/user_form.asp?step=1&pers_id=7163 | archive-date = November 18, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Pretty Texas Tech">{{cite web|title=Pretty Texas Tech|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=August 7, 2007|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2007/08/pretty-texas-tech/|access-date=October 30, 2013
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<ref name="Profile: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center">{{cite web|title=Profile: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center |url=http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/GeneralPubs/Agenda/Ag2004_01/XE2/XE2A1.pdf|access-date=August 16, 2008|publisher=Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board}}</ref>

<ref name="Raider Red">{{cite web|title=Raider Red|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/raiderred.php|access-date=August 30, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130625/http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/raiderred.php | archive-date = January 16, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Raw Enrollment Data">{{cite web|title=Raw Enrollment Data|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.irs.ttu.edu/ARCHIVE/ENR/FALLENRL.HTM|access-date=August 22, 2008
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<ref name="Researchers halt spread of HIV with RNAi">{{cite web |title = Researchers halt spread of HIV with RNAi |publisher= Harvard Medical School
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<ref name="Researchers Silence HIV in Mice Engineered to Be Like Humans">{{cite news|last=Swaminathan|first=Nikhil|title=Researchers Silence HIV in Mice Engineered to Be Like Humans|work=Scientific American|date=August 7, 2008|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=researchers-silence-hiv-in-human-like-mice-rnai|access-date=August 16, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Richard E. Cavazos: First Hispanic American Four-star General">{{cite web|title=Richard E. Cavazos: First Hispanic American Four-star General|publisher=United States Army |url=http://www.goarmy.com/hhm/profiles_cavazos.jsp|access-date=September 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125131007/http://www.goarmy.com/hhm/profiles_cavazos.jsp |archive-date = November 25, 2006}}</ref>

<ref name="Rider stands larger than life: A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home">{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Angel|title=Rider stands larger than life: A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home|date=September 11, 2000|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_d6f66869-abe8-5a0b-b3c4-3eff2f777e43.html|work=The Daily Toreador|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Rogers">{{cite web|title=Will Rogers & Soapsuds|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/rogers.php|access-date=August 14, 2008
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<ref name="Space Ace">{{cite web|title=Space Ace|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/vistas/archive/03-winter/stories/space-ace.php|access-date=August 16, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114085941/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/vistas/archive/03-winter/stories/space-ace.php | archive-date = January 14, 2008
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<ref name="Student Organizations: Greek Life">{{cite web|title=Student Organizations: Greek Life|publisher=Texas Tech University Student Affairs |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/centerforcampuslife/GreekLife/default.aspx|access-date=March 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221233545/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/centerforcampuslife/GreekLife/default.aspx |archive-date = December 21, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Student Organizations">{{cite web|title=Student Organizations|publisher=Texas Tech University Center for Student Life|url=http://ttu.orgsync.com|access-date=October 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204000848/http://ttu.orgsync.com/|archive-date=December 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Students Who Live On-Campus: Fall Enrollment Since 1985">{{cite web|title=Students Who Live On-Campus: Fall Enrollment Since 1985|publisher=Texas Tech University Institutional Research and Information Management|date=October 31, 2006|url=http://www.irim.ttu.edu/ARCHIVE/ONCAMPUS.HTM|access-date=August 24, 2008
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<ref name="Study Abroad">{{cite web|title=Study Abroad|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=August 10, 2008|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/Honors/abroad/|access-date=August 10, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003152/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/honors/abroad/ | archive-date = July 1, 2013| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="T-sippers or tortilla-throwers: Aggies should consider Tech another school rival">{{cite news|last=Zimmer|first=Kellen|title=T-sippers or tortilla-throwers: Aggies should consider Tech another school rival|date=November 15, 2001|url=http://media.www.thebatt.com/media/storage/paper657/news/2001/11/15/Opinion/TSippers.Or.TortillaThrowers-516399.shtml|access-date=August 25, 2008
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<ref name="Team Records – Most Bowl Appearances">{{cite web|title=Team Records – Most Bowl Appearances|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse |url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/bowls/team_records_most_bowls.php|access-date=February 16, 2012
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<ref name="Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian">{{cite news|last=Maki|first=Ben|title=Tech baseball begins fall practice at Lubbock Christian|work=The Daily Toreador |date=September 20, 2007|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_797e7235-5012-55fd-a862-a3c8fb997036.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Tech enrollment shows increase, on track with 2020 goal">{{cite news|last=Kiely|first=Maggie|title=Tech enrollment shows increase, on track with 2020 goal|work=The Daily Toreador |date=August 27, 2007|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_aef56318-8d15-5c0c-94d4-18a0831985b9.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

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<ref name="Tech rallies funding for stadium's east side">{{cite web|url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/080708/spo_315089828.shtml|title=Tech rallies funding for stadium's east side |access-date=August 28, 2008|last=Williams|first=Don|publisher=The Dallas Morning News
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<ref name="Tech signs agreement with Vietnam for records">{{cite news|last=Kiely|first=Maggie|title=Tech signs agreement with Vietnam for records|work=The Daily Toreador|date=August 27, 2007 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_72a780d0-065a-53a0-9e3a-6e69b56d5ce9.html|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Tech stadium expansion set after funding goal met">{{cite news|last=Hartz|first=Marlena|title=Tech stadium expansion set after funding goal met|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=November 20, 2008|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/112008/loc_357959716.shtml|access-date=November 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061242/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/112008/loc_357959716.shtml|archive-date=September 21, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Tech, NASA a growing tradition">{{cite news|last=Slaughter|first=Jody|title=Tech, NASA a growing tradition|work=The Daily Toreador|date=November 28, 2001 |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_2d15058d-68a2-5a9b-9c49-41d4815db3a2.html|access-date=August 6, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="Tech's United Spirit Arena opens to glowing reviews">{{cite news|title=Tech's United Spirit Arena opens to glowing reviews|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|url=http://lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1984_2008/USA.shtml|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516094406/http://lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1984_2008/USA.shtml|archive-date=May 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Ten things you didn't know about Texas Tech">{{cite web|last=Schmenner|first=Drew|title=Ten things you didn't know about Texas Tech|work=Missourian|date=July 28, 2008 |url=http://www.columbiamissourian.com/sports/other_sports/ten-things-you-didn-t-know-about-texas-tech/article_6a31471d-295f-556d-8d4b-a229594ed6a6.html|access-date=September 12, 2016
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<ref name="Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech">{{cite news|last=McGowan|first=Matt|title=Texas Department of Agriculture grants research money to Tech
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<ref name="Texas House OKs bill to fund 'tier one' competition'">{{cite news | title=Texas House OKs bill to fund 'tier one' competition | publisher=The El Paso Times | date=April 24, 2009 | url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_12223045 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20131031062057/http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_12223045 | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 31, 2013 | first=Brandi | last=Grissom | access-date=October 13, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Legislature Online">{{cite web|title=Bill: HB 3564|publisher=The State of Texas|url=http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=80R&Bill=HB3564 |access-date=August 13, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Alumni Association">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Alumni Association|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/departments/alumni.php|access-date=July 31, 2008
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<ref name="Texas Tech Announces TRIP Funds">{{cite news|last=Post|first=Sally|title=Texas Tech Announces TRIP Funds|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=September 2, 2009 |url=http://today.ttu.edu/2009/09/texas-tech-announces-trip-funds/|access-date=September 3, 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604022600/http://today.ttu.edu/2009/09/texas-tech-announces-trip-funds/ | archive-date = June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="Texas Tech Names College of Engineering After Former Regent and AT&T CEO Edward E. Whitacre Jr.">{{cite news|title=Texas Tech Names College of Engineering After Former Regent and AT&T CEO Edward E. Whitacre Jr.|work=Texas Tech University|date=November 12, 2008|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2008/11/street-insider-texas-tech-names-college-of-engineering-after-former-regent-and-att-ceo-edward-e-whitacre-jr/|access-date=November 12, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604023249/http://today.ttu.edu/2008/11/street-insider-texas-tech-names-college-of-engineering-after-former-regent-and-att-ceo-edward-e-whitacre-jr/ | archive-date = June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Public Art Program Named One of Ten Best">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Public Art Program Named One of Ten Best|publisher=Texas Tech University|date=May 18, 2006 |first=Scott|last=Slemmons|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2006/05/texas-tech-public-art-program-named-one-of-ten-best/|access-date=October 30, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103210318/http://today.ttu.edu/2006/05/texas-tech-public-art-program-named-one-of-ten-best/ | archive-date = November 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Researchers May Have Found AIDS Cure">{{cite news|title=Texas Tech Researchers May Have Found AIDS Cure|publisher=KCBD|date=August 7, 2008|url=http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8808748|access-date=August 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304053329/http://www.kcbd.com/Global/story.asp?S=8808748|archive-date=March 4, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech seals deal with Vietnam records office for war documents">{{cite news|last=Hartz|first=Marlena|title=Texas Tech seals deal with Vietnam records office for war documents|date=August 18, 2007|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/081807/edu_081807020.shtml|access-date=August 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905144438/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/081807/edu_081807020.shtml|archive-date=September 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Turns 75: Tech travels long, winding road of success to Big 12">{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Don|title=Texas Tech Turns 75: Tech travels long, winding road of success to Big 12 |work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|year=1998|url=http://www.redraiders.com/techs75th/athletics.htm |access-date=August 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102015523/http://www.redraiders.com/techs75th/athletics.htm |archive-date = January 2, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives: Graduation Milestones">{{cite web|url=http://swco.ttu.edu/university_archive/uacollections5.html#IX.%20Texas%20Tech%20Firsts|title=Texas Tech University Archives: Graduation Milestones|access-date=August 27, 2008|publisher=Southwest Collection|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604023604/http://swco.ttu.edu/university_archive/uacollections5.html#IX.%20Texas%20Tech%20Firsts|archive-date=June 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives: Medical School">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University Archives: Medical School |url=http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/uacollections3.html |publisher=Southwest Collection|access-date=August 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604022819/http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/uacollections3.html |archive-date=June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University Archives">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University Archives|publisher=Southwest Collection |url=http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/uacollections10.html |access-date=August 20, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604021604/http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/uacollections10.html | archive-date = June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues">{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/college/texas_tech_university_baseball_players.shtml |title=Texas Tech University Baseball Players Who Made it to the Major Leagues|access-date=August 19, 2008|work=Baseball Almanac
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<ref name="Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A. Bassett II">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University Dedicates Laboratories to Gemini Astronaut Charles A. Bassett II|publisher=NASA|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/1996_1998/j96-33.html|access-date=August 16, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026063950/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/news/releases/1996_1998/j96-33.html | archive-date = October 26, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University profile">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University profile|publisher=U.S. News & World Report|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/texas-tech-university-3644|access-date=October 11, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403232254/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/texas-tech-university-3644 | archive-date = April 3, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University profile1">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University profile|publisher=National Architecture Accrediting Board|url=http://www.naab.org/schools/view.aspx?id=14439|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120306032212/http://www.naab.org/schools/view.aspx?id=14439|archive-date=March 6, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University Receives New Phi Beta Kappa Chapter">{{cite web
 |title       = Texas Tech University Receives New Phi Beta Kappa Chapter
 |publisher   = Phi Beta Kappa Society
 |date        = April 9, 2007
|url         = http://www.pbk.org/home/newsview.aspx?id=135
 |access-date  = February 21, 2009
|archive-url  = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120203144849/http://www.pbk.org/home/newsview.aspx?id=135
 |archive-date = February 3, 2012
|url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University to Create the West Texas Influenza Research Center">{{cite news
 |title       = Texas Tech University to Create the West Texas Influenza Research Center
 |publisher   = Reuters
 |date        = January 14, 2008
|url         = https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS153772+14-Jan-2008+MW20080114
 |access-date  = August 16, 2008
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307180827/https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS153772%2B14-Jan-2008%2BMW20080114
 |archive-date = March 7, 2008
|url-status     = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University, Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration">{{cite web|url=https://datadirect.aacsb.edu/public/profiles/profile.cfm?runReport=1&unitid=54991&userType=All |title=Texas Tech University, Jerry S. Rawls College of Business Administration|publisher=AACSB|access-date=February 28, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University">{{cite news|title=Texas Tech University|publisher=[[Organization:Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business|Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business]]|date=March 22, 2007 |url=http://www.aacsb.edu/members/Omd/Profile_page2.asp?LinkId=11989&CallingPage=InstLists|access-date=August 13, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413154249/http://www.aacsb.edu/members/Omd/Profile_page2.asp?LinkId=11989&CallingPage=InstLists |archive-date = April 13, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech University3">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech University|publisher=Texas College Guide|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/collegeguide/2008/detail/46|access-date=August 29, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515150012/http://www.texasmonthly.com/collegeguide/2008/detail/46 | archive-date = May 15, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech win gives Knight historic 880th victory">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech win gives Knight historic 880th victory|publisher=ESPN|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=270012641|access-date=August 14, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035221/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/recap?gameId=270012641 | archive-date = August 1, 2013
| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Year-by-Year Scores">{{cite web|url=http://texastech.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/archive/text-m-basebl-scores.html|title=Texas Tech Year-by-Year Scores|access-date=July 6, 2008|publisher=Texas Tech University Official Athletic Site| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029221326/http://texastech.cstv.com/sports/m-basebl/archive/text-m-basebl-scores.html | archive-date = October 29, 2008| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech-SMU game facts">{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Don|title=Texas Tech-SMU game facts|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|date=September 9, 2007|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/090307/col_090307027.shtml|access-date=August 19, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062948/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/090307/col_090307027.shtml|archive-date=February 22, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage">{{cite book|last=Barrick|first=Nolan|title=Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage|publisher=Texas Tech University Press|year=1985
|location=Lubbock|page=38|isbn=978-0-89672-125-8}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage4">{{cite book|last=Barrick|first=Nolan|title=Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage|publisher=Texas Tech University Press|year=1985
|location=Lubbock|page=18|isbn=978-0-89672-125-8}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage5">{{cite book|last=Barrick|first=Nolan|title=Texas Tech... The Unobserved Heritage|publisher=Texas Tech University Press|year=1985
|location=Lubbock|pages=18, 23|isbn=978-0-89672-125-8}}</ref>

<ref name=TexasTrib.Tier1>{{cite news |first=Matthew |last=Watkins |title=Four Texas Colleges Reach Carnegie "Tier One" Status |date=February 2, 2016 |access-date=April 12, 2016 |website=The Texas Tribune |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2016/02/02/unt-ut-arlington-and-texas-tech-reach-carnegie-tie/}}</ref>

<ref name="thcatlas">{{cite web|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/details/2096000523|title=Texas Technological College Historic District|publisher=Texas Historical Commission|access-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="The power of the grid">{{cite web|title=The power of the grid|publisher=[[Organization:SAS Institute|SAS Institute]]|url=http://www.sas.com/success/texastech.html|access-date=August 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410145334/http://www.sas.com/success/texastech.html |archive-date = April 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="The Sudler Trophy">{{cite web |title=The Sudler Trophy| publisher=John Philip Sousa Foundation|url=http://www.sousafoundation.net/Default.aspx?ID=39|access-date=October 30, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103154756/http://www.sousafoundation.net/Default.aspx?ID=39 | archive-date = November 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="The Top Undergraduate Business Programs">{{cite web|url=http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/undergrad_bschool_2009/index.asp?sortCol=school_type&sortOrder=2&pageNum=1&resultNum=51|title=The Top Undergraduate Business Programs|date=March 22, 2009|work=Business Week|access-date=March 23, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430225003/http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/undergrad_bschool_2009/index.asp?sortCol=school_type&sortOrder=2&pageNum=1&resultNum=51|archive-date=April 30, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Things happen fast on Texas Tech's Polo Grounds.">{{cite web|title=Things happen fast on Texas Tech's Polo Grounds.|publisher=Texas Texas University |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/vistas/archive/06-spring/stories/battle-speed.php|access-date=October 30, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308204213/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/vistas/archive/06-spring/stories/battle-speed.php |archive-date=March 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="This is Texas Tech">{{cite web|title=This is Texas Tech|publisher=Texas Tech Official Athletic Site|url=http://texastech.cstv.com/school-bio/text-school-bio1.html|access-date=August 19, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222103428/http://texastech.cstv.com/school-bio/text-school-bio1.html | archive-date = February 22, 2007| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Three universities power higher education in Lubbock">{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=John|title=Three universities power higher education in Lubbock|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/060505/lif_850412.shtml|access-date=August 6, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908070635/http://lubbockonline.com/stories/060505/lif_850412.shtml|archive-date=September 8, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Tough as Buffalo, Green as Grass?">{{cite web|title=Tough as Buffalo, Green as Grass?|publisher=Texas Tech University |url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/newsletter/stories/vol1_no4/turffalo.html|access-date=October 16, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619141018/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/communications/newsletter/stories/vol1_no4/turffalo.html | archive-date = June 19, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Touring Texas Tech's picturesque campus">{{cite magazine|last=Mandel|first=Stewart|author-link=Stewart Mandel|title=Touring Texas Tech's picturesque campus|magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=November 1, 2008|url=http://www.fannation.com/si_blogs/the_sweep/posts/19462|access-date=November 3, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517180716/http://www.fannation.com/si_blogs/the_sweep/posts/19462 | archive-date = May 17, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Triumph, tragedy in world's spotlight">{{cite news|last=Hensley|first=Doug|title=Triumph, tragedy in world's spotlight|work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal|url=http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/3_Hensley.shtml|access-date=August 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516103352/http://www.lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1959_1983/3_Hensley.shtml|archive-date=May 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="TTAA Class Ring & Ceremony">{{cite web|title=TTAA Class Ring & Ceremony|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/ring.php|access-date=August 14, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014180958/http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/ring.php | archive-date = October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ttu 1">{{cite web|url=http://today.ttu.edu/2008/12/50-years-carol-of-lights/ |title=50 Years of Shining Bright |publisher=Texas Tech Today |date=December 2, 2008 |access-date=December 29, 2010
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604021451/http://today.ttu.edu/2008/12/50-years-carol-of-lights/ | archive-date = June 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Texas Tech Garners $6.6&nbsp;Million in 2008 Defense Bill">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Garners $6.6 Million in 2008 Defense Bill|publisher=Texas Tech Today |url=http://today.ttu.edu/2007/11/texas-tech-garners-66-million-in-2008-defense-bill/|first=Leslie|last=Cranford|date=November 21, 2007|access-date=October 30, 2013
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103204325/http://today.ttu.edu/2007/11/texas-tech-garners-66-million-in-2008-defense-bill/ | archive-date = November 3, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ttu6">{{cite web |url=http://www.swco.ttu.edu/westtexas/ |title=West Texas Historical Association |publisher=swco.ttu.edu |access-date=October 9, 2009
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414003123/http://www.swco.ttu.edu/westtexas/ | archive-date = April 14, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ttu8">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech recreational sports|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/recsports/sports_clubs/index.php|access-date=October 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504195846/http://www.depts.ttu.edu/recsports/sports_clubs/index.php |archive-date = May 4, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="TTUS">{{cite web|title=Welcome to Texas Tech|publisher=[[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]]|url=http://www.texastech.edu/welcome.php |access-date=August 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220193335/http://www.texastech.edu/welcome.php |archive-date = December 20, 2007}}</ref>

<ref name="Tuberville to be next coach at Texas Tech">{{cite web|title=Tuberville to be next coach at Texas Tech |url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/archives/article_4779e9b4-0dfb-5e19-981e-95e84ef393b0.html|work=The Daily Toreador | date=January 9, 2010|access-date=October 16, 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="University Public Art Collection">{{cite web|title=University Public Art Collection|publisher=[[Organization:Texas Tech University System|Texas Tech University System]] |url=http://www.fpc.ttu.edu/pub_files/UPAC07.pdf |access-date=August 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530174902/http://www.fpc.ttu.edu/pub_files/UPAC07.pdf  |archive-date = May 30, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Vietnam Center and Archive Now Available Online">{{cite web|title=Vietnam Center and Archive Now Available Online|publisher=Veterans of Foreign Wars|url=http://www.vfw.org/index.cfm?fa=news.newsDtl&did=2367|access-date=August 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201114831/http://www.vfw.org/index.cfm?fa=news.newsDtl&did=2367|archive-date=December 1, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="WellPoint CEO choice surprises some">{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Tom|title=WellPoint CEO choice surprises some|work=The Boston Globe|date=February 26, 2007 |url=https://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2007/02/26/wellpoint_ceo_choice_surprises_some/|access-date=August 23, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022084032/http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2007/02/26/wellpoint_ceo_choice_surprises_some/ | archive-date = October 22, 2012
| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Wes Welker Profile">{{cite web|title=Wes Welker Profile|publisher=National Football League|url=http://www.nfl.com/players/weswelker/profile?id=WEL219433|access-date=August 14, 2008
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314213706/http://www.nfl.com/players/weswelker/profile?id=WEL219433 | archive-date = March 14, 2008| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Will and Soapsuds">{{cite web|last=Hooks|first=Michael Q.|title=Will and Soapsuds|publisher=Southwest Collection |url=http://swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/pdf/1982.pdf |access-date=August 18, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name="Will Rogers statue dedicated">{{cite web|title=Will Rogers statue dedicated|publisher=Lubbock Centennial|url=http://lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1934_1958/WillRogers.shtml|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516102235/http://lubbockcentennial.com/Section/1934_1958/WillRogers.shtml|archive-date=May 16, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="wolverines">The Red Raiders moved to fourth in 2008 when the Michigan Wolverines had a losing season before the Red Raiders snapping the streak with a losing season in 2011.</ref>

<ref name="Zach Thomas Profile">{{cite web|title=Zach Thomas Profile|publisher=National Football League|url=http://www.nfl.com/players/zachthomas/profile?id=THO415247|access-date=August 14, 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203083210/http://www.nfl.com/players/zachthomas/profile?id=THO415247 | archive-date = December 3, 2010| url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
* Ruth Horn Andrews, ''The First Thirty Years: A History Of Texas Technological College, 1925–1955.'' Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech Press, 1956.

== External links ==

* {{Facebook|TexasTechYou}}
* {{Twitter|texastech}}
* {{Instagram|texastech}}

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