View source for Organization:U.S. Global Change Research Program

The '''United States Global Change Research Program''' ('''USGCRP''') coordinates and integrates federal research on changes in the global environment and their implications for society. The program began as a presidential initiative in 1989 and was codified by Congress through the [[Earth:Global Change Research Act of 1990|Global Change Research Act of 1990]] (P.L. 101-606), which called for "a comprehensive and integrated United States research program which will assist the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond to human-induced and natural processes of global change."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C56A.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=May 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218110850/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/15C56A.txt |archive-date=February 18, 2013 }}</ref>
Fourteen departments and agencies participate in the USGCRP, which was known as the U.S. Climate Change Science Program from 2002 through 2008. The program is steered by the Subcommittee on Global Change Research under the Committee on Environment, Natural Resources and Sustainability, overseen by the Executive Office of the President, and facilitated by a National Coordination Office.
[[File:Fourteen Agencies, One Vision - Empower the Nation with Global Change Science.jpg|alt=symbols of the 13 federal agencies|thumb|Fourteen federal entities participate in the United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP).]]
Since its inception, the USGCRP has supported research and observational activities in collaboration with several other national and international science programs.

These activities led to major advances in several key areas including:
* Observing and understanding short- and long-term changes in climate, the [[Physics:Ozone layer|ozone layer]], and land cover;
* Identifying the impacts of these changes on ecosystems and society;
* Estimating future changes in the physical environment, and vulnerabilities and risks associated with those changes; and
* Providing scientific information to enable effective decision making to address the threats and opportunities posed by climate and global change.

These advances have been documented in numerous assessments commissioned by the program and have played prominent roles in international assessments such as those of the [[Organization:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]. Program results and plans are documented in the program's annual report, ''Our Changing Planet''.

==Definition of global change==
The Global Change Research Act of 1990 defines global change as: "Changes in the global environment (including alterations in climate, land productivity, oceans or other water resources, atmospheric chemistry, and ecological systems) that may alter the capacity of the Earth to sustain life."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d101:SN00169:@@@D&summ2=3& |title=Bill Summary & Status - 101st Congress (1989 - 1990) - S.169 - CRS Summary - THOMAS (Library of Congress) |access-date=2013-08-09 |archive-date=2016-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704104835/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d101:SN00169:@@@D&summ2=3& |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Participating agencies==
Fourteen U.S. federal agencies—the USDA, DOC, DOD, DOE, HHS, DHS, DOI, DOS, DOT, EPA, [[Organization:National Aeronautics and Space Administration|NASA]], [[Organization:National Science Foundation|NSF]], Smithsonian Institution, and the USAID—participate in the USGCRP.<ref name="USGCRP participants">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalchange.gov/agencies|title=US Government Agencies Participating in the USGCRP|date=20 October 2008 |work=Agencies|publisher=USGCRP|access-date=November 23, 2018}}</ref>

=== Department of Homeland Security Becomes 14th Member of USGCRP ===
On February 2, 2023, Dr. Arati Prabhakar, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, named the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as the 14th member of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and its first new member in almost two decades. 

==National Climate Assessment (NCA)==
{{main|Earth:National Climate Assessment}}

The USGCRP have produced four National Climate Assessments: NCA1 entitled "Climate Change Impacts on the United States: the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change" in 2000,<ref name="NCA1_2000">{{citation |title=Climate Change Impacts on the United States: the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change |url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangeimp0000unse/page/541 |format=PDF |access-date=November 23, 2018 |isbn=0521000750 |author=National Assessment Synthesis Team |series=Report for the US Global Change Research Program |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge UK |pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangeimp0000unse/page/541 541] |date=2001 |url-access=registration }} The report was submitted in October 2000 and published in 2001.</ref> NCA2 entitled "Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States" in 2009,<ref name="NCA2_2009">{{cite report |title=Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States |editor-first1=Thomas R. |editor-last1=Karl|editor-first2=Jerry M. |editor-last2=Melillo |editor-first3=Thomas C. |editor-last3=Peterson |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-14407-0 |pages=196}}</ref> NCA3 entitled "Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States" in 2014,<ref name="NCA3_2014">{{cite report |editor-last1=Melillo |editor-first1=Jerry M. |editor-first2=Terese (T.C.)|editor-last2=Richmond |editor-first3=Gary W. |editor-last3=Yohe |date=2014 |title=Climate Change Impacts in the United States |series=The Third National Climate Assessment |agency=U.S. Global Change Research Program |pages=841 |doi=10.7930/J0Z31WJ2}}</ref> and NCA4 in two volumes—Volume 1 entitled "Climate Science Special Report" (CSSR) released October 2017<ref name="NCA4_Vol1_Wuebbles_2017">{{cite report |date=October 2017 |title=Climate Science Special Report (CSSR) |series=Fourth National Climate Assessment |volume=1 |editor-last1=Wuebbles  |editor-first1=D. J. |editor-first2=D. W. |editor-last2=Fahey |editor-first3=K. A. |editor-last3=Hibbard |editor-first4=D. J. |editor-last4=Dokken |editor-first5=B. C. |editor-last5=Stewart |editor-first6=T. K. |editor-last6=Maycock |publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program |location=Washington, DC |url=https://science2017.globalchange.gov/downloads/CSSR2017_FullReport.pdf |pages=470 |doi=10.7930/J0J964J6}}</ref> and Volume 2 entitled "Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States" released on November 23, 2018.<ref name="NCA4_Vol2_2018">{{cite report |series=National Climate Assessment |volume=2 |title=Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States |date=November 23, 2018 |access-date=November 23, 2018 |url=https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/}}</ref>

==Strategic planning==
The USGCRP Strategic Plan for 2012-2021 maintains an emphasis on advancing global change science and research, but it also calls for a new focus on ensuring our science informs real-world decisions and actions. Moving forward, the strategic goals of USGCRP are to:
* Advance Science (Study Climate and Global Change)--Advance scientific knowledge of the integrated natural and human components of the Earth system  
* Inform Decisions (Prepare the Nation for Change)--Provide the scientific basis to inform and enable timely decisions on adaptation and mitigation  
* Conduct Sustained Assessments (Assess the U.S. Climate)--Build sustained assessment capacity that improves the Nation’s ability to understand, anticipate, and respond to global change impacts and vulnerabilities  
* Communicate and Educate (Make Our Science Accessible)--Advance communications and education to broaden public understanding of global change and develop the scientific workforce of the future

The USGCRP has been guided over time by the following strategic plans.
* 2012: National Global Change Research Plan 2012-2021<ref>National Global Change Research Plan 2012-2021: A Strategic Plan for the U. S. Global Change Research Program</ref>
* 2008: Revised Research Plan: An Update to the 2003 Strategic Plan<ref>[http://www.globalchange.gov/about/strategic-plan-2003/revised-research-plan 2008 Revised Research Plan: An Update to the 2003 Strategic Plan]</ref>
* 2003: Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program<ref>[http://www.globalchange.gov/about/strategic-plan-2003/2003-strategic-plan 2003 Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program]</ref>
* 1989: Our Changing Planet: The FY 1990 Research Plan<ref>[http://www.globalchange.gov/images/documents/planning/ocp1990.pdf 1989 Our Changing Planet: The FY 1990 Research Plan]</ref>
* 1989: Our Changing Planet: A U.S. Strategy for Global Change Research<ref>[http://www.globalchange.gov/images/documents/planning/OCPstrategy1989.pdf 1989 Our Changing Planet: A U.S. Strategy for Global Change Research]</ref>

In 2003, the program undertook a series of "listening sessions"<ref>[http://www.globalchange.gov/about/strategic-plan-2003/listening-sessions USGCRP Listening Sessions]</ref> with a variety of stakeholder groups around the country to gain a better understanding of the emerging needs for climate information and ways in which federal research might be shaped to meet those needs. Stakeholder engagement that is a central element of the program's national assessment<ref>[http://www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/nacc/default.htm Link to First National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change]</ref>

==Program elements==

The USGCRP's fourteen participating agencies coordinate their work through Interagency Working Groups (IWGs) that span a wide range of interconnected issues of climate and global change. The IWGs address major components of the Earth’s environmental and human systems, as well as cross-disciplinary approaches for addressing issues under the purview of the USGCRP.  The IWGs are composed of representatives from federal departments and agencies responsible for activities in each area. The IWGs are overseen by the Subcommittee on Global Change Research.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalchange.gov/about/iwgs|title=About USGCRP: Interagency Groups|publisher=U.S. Global Change Research Program}}</ref>

Interagency Working Groups:
:Carbon Cycle Interagency Working Group
:Federal Adaptation and Resilience Group
:Indicators Interagency Working Group
:Integrated Observations Interagency Working Group
:Interagency Crosscutting Group on Climate Change and Human Health
:Interagency Group on Integrative Modeling
:Interagency Integrated Water Cycle Group and the U.S. Global Energy and Water Exchanges Program Office
:International Activities Interagency Working Group
:Social Science Coordinating Committee
:Sustained Assessment Working Group

Decision support activities---including the development of assessments and other tools and information to support adaptation and mitigation decision making---are coordinated in a distributed fashion across the program and are part of the mandate of all IWGs and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research.

National Climate Assessments have been integral components of USGCRP since its inception. Along with its strategic role as coordinator of Federal global change research, USGCRP is required by the Global Change Research Act of 1990 to conduct a National Climate Assessment (NCA). The NCA is an important resource for understanding and communicating climate change science and impacts in the United States.

The United States Global Change Research Information Office or GCRIO provides access to data and information on climate change research and global change-related educational resources on behalf of the various US Federal Agencies that are involved in the USGCRP. The GCRIO handles requests for documents related to USCRP. They also have outreach services to both domestic (Federal, state, and local) and international target audiences (including governments, institutions, researchers, educators, students, and the general public) in an effort to showcase relevant activities and results of the US Global Change Research Program and to help increase the awareness of the availability of data and information resources of the participating Federal Agencies.<ref name="GCRIO about">{{cite web|url=http://www.gcrio.org/about/index.htm|title=About the Global Change Research Information Office (GCRIO)|date=6 February 2004|work=About GCRIO|publisher=GCRIO|accessdate=2009-04-12}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Global Change Information System]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.globalchange.gov U.S. Global Change Research Program], GlobalChange.gov - Official Site
* {{official|url=http://www.gcrio.org/}}

{{US research agencies}}

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[[Category:Research institutes in the United States]]

{{Sourceattribution|U.S. Global Change Research Program}}