View source for Organization:Usuda Deep Space Center

{{Short description|Communications facility of JAXA}}
{{infobox observatory
| name            = Usuda Deep Space Center
| image           = The 64 m antenna at Usuda Deep Space Center.jpg
| caption         = The 64 meter antenna at the Usuda Deep Space Complex
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| coordinates     = {{coord|36|07|59|N|138|21|44|E|region:JP_type:landmark_source:kolossus-jawiki|display=inline,title}}
| altitude        = 1,456 m
| weather         = 
| established     = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| closed          = 
| website         = http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/about/facilities/usuda.html
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}}

{{Nihongo|'''Usuda Deep Space Center'''|臼田宇宙空間観測所|Usuda Uchū Kūkan Kansokujo|lead=yes|'''Usuda DSC''', '''UDSC'''}} is a facility of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.<ref name="JAXAAbout">{{cite web |title=Usuda Deep Space Center |url=https://global.jaxa.jp/about/centers/udsc/index.html |publisher=JAXA}}</ref> It is a spacecraft tracking station in Saku, Nagano<ref name=JAXAAbout/> (formerly in Usuda, Nagano; Usuda merged into Saku in 2005), opened in October, 1984. The main features of the station are two large [[Engineering:Beam waveguide antenna|beam waveguide antenna]]s,<ref>{{cite journal
|title=Japanese deep-space station with 64-m-diameter antenna fed through beam waveguides and its mission applications
|display-authors=4
|author=Hayashi, T.
|author2=Nishimura, T.
|author3=Takano, T.
|author4=Betsudan, S.I.
|author5=Koshizaka, S.
|name-list-style=amp
|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE
|volume=82
|number=5
|pages=646–657
|issn=0018-9219
|date=1994
|publisher=IEEE
|doi=10.1109/5.284732 |bibcode=1994IEEEP..82..646H
}}</ref> an older 64 meter antenna and a newer 54 meter dish.

Usuda was the first deep-space antenna constructed with beam-waveguide technology. Although this construction dramatically simplifies installation and maintenance of electronics, it was previously thought to offer poor noise performance.<ref>{{cite news
 |title           = The Evolution of Technology in the Deep Space Network: A History of the Advanced Systems Program
 |author          = Layland, J.W.
 |author2         = Rauch, L.L.
 |name-list-style = amp
 |date            = 1995
 |publisher       = National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
 |url             = http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/95_20/95-20.pdf
 |pages           = 5
 |url-status         = dead
 |archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20110614133812/http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/95_20/95-20.pdf
 |archive-date     = 2011-06-14
}}</ref> However, after the U.S. Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) tested this antenna and found the noise performance was better than its conventional 64-meter antennas,<ref>{{cite tech report
|title=Use of a 2.3-GHz Traveling-Wave Maser on the Usuda 64-Meter Antenna
|author=Neff, D.
|journal=TDA Progress Report 42
|volume=89
|pages=34–40
|institution=JPL
|url=http://tmo.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report/42-89/89C.PDF }}</ref> it too switched to this method of construction for all subsequent antennas of their Deep Space Network (DSN). Because the 64 meter antenna is aging and is still in use over ten years after its designed service life, JAXA has built a new antenna nearby, the 54 meter dish of Misasa Deep Space Station.

Similar huge antennas are used by the deep space networks of the [[Astronomy:NASA Deep Space Network|USA]], [[Astronomy:Chinese Deep Space Network|China]], [[Astronomy:Soviet Deep Space Network|Russia]], [[Engineering:ESTRACK|Europe]], and [[Engineering:Indian Deep Space Network|India]].

== Misasa Deep Space Station ==

'''Misasa Deep Space Station''' ('''MDSS''') is now the world's most sensitive antenna for Ka-band communication worldwide. It is located 1.3 km from Usuda and is also administrated and maintained by the Usuda Deep Space Center.

This new antenna had the name '''GREAT''' ('''Ground Station for Deep Space Exploration and Telecommunication''') during the construction.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/great/ |title=GREAT, Ground Station for Deep Space Exploration and Telecommunication |publisher=JAXA}}</ref> It is 54 meters in diameter and has an adaptive surface with high accuracy and efficiency, and hence is capable of working at the higher Ka-band frequencies. This will increase the potential data throughput despite the smaller size.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toward a New Era of Deep Space Exploration: Kenji Numata, Project Manager, Ground Station for Deep Space Exploration and Telecommunication Project |url=http://global.jaxa.jp/article/2017/interview/vol98/ |publisher=JAXA |year=2017}}</ref>

==Public Access Classification==
*General public: Observation of exterior installation and access to exhibition room
*Special access: None specified. (An explanation of the UDSC communications are conducted during special public access events conducted by [[Organization:Sagamihara Campus|Sagamihara Campus]]).
*Research Utilization: National Cooperative Research Institute, National University Cooperative Research Institute, International Cooperative Research Institute (access via the Space Sciences Research Institute)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://global.jaxa.jp/about/centers/udsc/index.html JAXA | Usuda Deep Space Center]
* [https://track.sfo.jaxa.jp/en/index.html JAXA｜Space Tracking and Communications Center Home Page]
* [https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/en/about/facilities/usuda.html Usuda Deep Space Center ｜ About ISAS ｜ ISAS (jaxa.jp)]
{{radio-astronomy}}



[[Category:Space technology research institutes]]



{{Sourceattribution|Usuda Deep Space Center}}