View source for Philosophy:Entity

{{short description|Something that exists in some identified universe of discourse}}
An '''entity''' is something that [[Philosophy:Existence|exists]] as itself. It does not need to be of material existence. In particular, [[Philosophy:Abstraction|abstraction]]s and legal fictions are usually regarded as entities. In general, there is also no presumption that an entity is animate, or [[Physics:Present|present]].

The term is broad in scope and may refer to animals; natural features such as mountains; inanimate objects such as tables; numbers or sets as symbols written on a paper; human contrivances such as laws, corporations and academic disciplines; or [[Philosophy:Supernatural|supernatural]] beings such as gods and spirits.

The adjectival form is ''entitative''.

==Etymology==
The word ''entity'' is derived from the Latin ''entitas'', which in turn derives from the Latin ''ens'' meaning "being" or "existing" (compare English ''[[Philosophy:Essence|essence]]''). ''Entity'' may hence literally be taken to mean "thing which exists".

== In philosophy ==
{{Main article|Philosophy:Ontology}}
Ontology is the study of concepts of existence, and of recognition of entities. The words ontic and entity are derived respectively from the ancient Greek and Latin present participles that mean "[[Philosophy:Being|being]]".

{{quote|In an ontic inquiry... one asks about the properties or the physical relations and structures peculiar to some entity – in the pen's case, for example, we might make the following ontic observations about it: it is black, full of blue ink, and sitting on top of my desk.<ref>Hubert L. Dreyfus, Mark A. Wrathall, eds., ''A Companion to Heidegger'' (2008), p. 3.</ref>}}

== In law and politics ==
In [[Philosophy:Law|law]], a legal entity is an entity that is capable of bearing legal [[Philosophy:Rights|rights]] and [[Philosophy:Obligation|obligation]]s, such as a [[Social:Natural person|natural person]] or an [[Social:Legal person|artificial person]] (e.g. business entity or a corporate entity).

In politics, ''entity'' is used as term for territorial divisions of some countries (e.g. Bosnia and Herzegovina).

== In medicine ==
{{Main article|Medicine:Medicine}}
In medicine, a disease entity is an illness due to a particular definite cause or to a specific pathological process. While a disease entity is not defined by a [[Medicine:Syndrome|syndrome]], it may or may not be manifest in one or more particular syndromes. 

== In computer science ==
{{See|Entity–relationship model|Entity-control-boundary}}
In [[Computer science|computer science]], an entity is an object that has an [[Identifier|identity]], which is independent of the changes of its [[Attribute (computing)|attribute]]s.  It represents long-lived information relevant for the users and is usually stored in a [[Database|database]].

== See also ==
* [[Digital identity]]
* Elementary entity
* [[Entity–relationship model]]
* [[Entity-control-boundary]]
* [[Philosophy:Entity realism|Entity realism]], a form of [[Philosophy:Scientific realism|scientific realism]]
* [[Philosophy:Entitativity|Entitativity]]
* [[Philosophy:Everything|Everything]]
* Html entity
* [[Philosophy:Non-physical entity|Non-physical entity]]
* [[Philosophy:Object|Object]]
* [[Philosophy:Circular reference|Circular reference]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Metaphysics}}
{{Philosophy of language}}

[[Category:Concepts in metaphysics]]
[[Category:Data modeling diagrams]]

{{Sourceattribution|Entity}}