View source for Philosophy:Glossary of Stoicism terms

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Glossary of terms commonly found in [[Philosophy:Stoicism|Stoic]] philosophy.
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==A==
;[[Philosophy:Adiaphora|adiaphora]]: ἀδιάφορα: indifferent things, neither good nor bad.
;agathos: ἀγαθός: good, proper object of desire.
;anthrôpos: ἄνθρωπος: human being, used by [[Biography:Epictetus|Epictetus]] to express an ethical ideal.
;[[Philosophy:Apatheia|apatheia]]: ἀπάθεια: serenity, peace of mind, such as that achieved by the Stoic sage.
;aphormê: ἀφορμή: aversion, impulse not to act (as a result of '''ekklisis'''). Opposite of '''hormê'''.
;apoproêgmena: ἀποπροηγμένα: dispreferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally undesirable things, such as illness.  Opposite of '''proêgmena'''.
;aretê: ἀρετή: Virtue. Goodness and human excellence.
;askêsis: ἄσκησις: disciplined training designed to achieve virtue.
;[[Philosophy:Ataraxia|ataraxia]]: ἀταραξία: tranquillity, untroubled by external things.
;[[Philosophy:Autarky|autarkeia]]: αὐτάρκεια: self-sufficiency, mental independence of all things.

==D==
;[[Philosophy:Daemon (classical mythology)|daimôn]]: δαίμων: divine spirit within humans.
;[[Diairesis|diairesis]]: διαίρεσις: analysis, division into parts. Used when distinguishing what is subject to our power of choice from what is not.
;dikaiosyne: δικαιοσύνε: justice, "consonant with the law and instrumental to a sense of duty" (Diogenes Laertius 7.98). One of the four virtues (justice, courage, temperance, wisdom/prudence).
;[[Philosophy:Dogma|dogma]]: δόγμα: principle established by reason and experience.
;[[Philosophy:Doxa|doxa]]: δόξα: belief, opinion.

==E==
;ekklisis: ἔκκλισις: aversion, inclination away from a thing. Opposite of '''orexis'''.
;ekpyrôsis: ἐκπύρωσις: cyclical conflagration of the Universe.
;eph' hêmin: ἐφ' ἡμῖν: up to us, what is in our power, e.g. the correct use of impressions.
;[[Philosophy:Episteme|epistêmê]]: ἐπιστήμη: certain and true knowledge, over and above that of '''katalêpsis'''.
;[[Philosophy:Eudaimonia|eudaimonia]]: εὐδαιμονία: happiness, well-being.
;eupatheia: εὐπάθεια: good feeling (as contrasted with '''pathos'''), occurring in the Stoic sage who performs correct (virtuous) judgements and actions.

==H==
;hêgemonikon: ἡγεμονικόν: ruling faculty of the mind.
;heimarmenê: εἱμαρμένη: fate, destiny.
;[[Philosophy:Horme|hormê]]: ὁρμή: positive impulse or appetite towards an object (as a result of '''orexis'''). Opposite of '''aphormê'''.
;[[Philosophy:Hyle|hylê]]: ὕλη: matter, material.

==K==
;kalos: κάλος: beautiful. Sometimes used in a moral sense: honourable, virtuous.
;[[Philosophy:Katalepsis|katalêpsis]]: κατάληψις: clear comprehension and conviction.
;[[Philosophy:Kathekon|kathêkon]]: καθῆκον: duty, appropriate action on the path to Virtue.
;[[Astronomy:Cosmos|kosmos]]: κόσμος: order, world, universe.

==L==
;logikos: λογικός: rational.
;[[Philosophy:Logos|logos]]: λόγος: reason, explanation, word, argument.  Also, the ordering principle in the '''kosmos'''.
;logos spermatikos: λόγος σπερματικός: the generative principle of the Universe which creates and takes back all things.

==N==
;nomos: νόμος: law, custom.

==O==
;oiêsis: οἴησις: opinion, usually arrogant or self-conceited.
;[[Philosophy:Oikeiôsis|oikeiôsis]]: οἰκείωσις: self-ownership and extension.  The process of self-awareness in all animals, which in humans leads to a sense of community.
;orexis: ὄρεξις: desire, inclination towards a thing, Opposite of '''ekklisis'''.
;[[Philosophy:Ousia|ousia]]: οὐσία: substance, being.

==P==
;paideia: παιδεία: training, education.
;[[Philosophy:Palingenesis|palingenesia]]: παλιγγενεσία: periodic renewal of the world associated with '''ekpyrôsis'''.
;[[Philosophy:Pathos|pathos]]: πάθος: passion or emotion, often excessive and based on false judgements.
;[[Philosophy:Phantasiai|phantasiai]]: φαντασία: impression, appearance, the way in which something is perceived.
;[[Philosophy:Phronesis|phronesis]]: φρόνησῐς: prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom, or, colloquially, sense (as in "good sense", "horse sense").
;physis: φύσις: nature.
;[[Philosophy:Pneuma (Stoic)|pneuma]]: πνεῦμα: air, breath, spirit, often as a principle in Stoic physics.
;proêgmena:προηγμένα: preferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally desirable things, such as health.  Opposite of '''apoproêgmena'''.
;proficiens: Latin for prokoptôn
;[[Philosophy:Prohairesis|pro(h)airesis]]: προαίρεσις: free will, reasoned choice, giving or withholding assent to impressions.
;prokopê: προκοπή: progress, on the path towards wisdom.
;prokoptôn: προκόπτων: Stoic disciple. A person making progress. Even though one has not obtained the wisdom of a sage; when appropriate actions are increasingly chosen, fewer and fewer mistakes will be made, and one will be prokoptôn, making progress.
;prolêpsis: πρόληψις: preconception possessed by all rational beings.
;prosochē: προσοχή: attitude and practice of attention, mindfulness. State of continuous, vigilant, and unrelenting attentiveness to oneself ('''prohairesis''')
;psychê: ψυχή: mind, soul, life, living principle.

==S==
;[[Philosophy:Sage|sophos]]: σοφός: wise person, virtuous sage, and the ethical ideal.
;synkatathesis (sunkatathesis): συγκατάθεσις: assent, approval to impressions, enabling action to take place.
;sympatheia: συμπάθεια: sympathy, affinity of parts to the organic whole, mutual interdependence.

==T==
;[[Philosophy:Techne|technê]]: τέχνη: craft, art.  The practical application of knowledge, especially '''epistêmê'''.
;telos: τέλος: goal or objective of life.
;theôrêma: θεώρημα: general principle or perception.
;theos: θεός: god; associated with the order in the Universe.
;tonos: τόνος: tension, a principle in Stoic physics causing attraction and repulsion, and also the cause of virtue and vice in the soul.

==References== 
* Devettere, R., ''Glossary'', in ''Introduction to Virtue Ethics: Insights of the Ancient Greeks'', pp. 139–154. Georgetown University Press. (2002).
* Haines, C., ''Glossary of Greek terms'', in ''Marcus Aurelius'', pp. 411–416.  Loeb Classical Library. (1916).
* Inwood, B., Gerson L., ''Glossary'', in ''Hellenistic Philosophy: Introductory Readings'', pp. 399–409. Hackett Publishing. (1997).
* Long, A. A., ''Glossary'', in ''A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life'', pp. 275–276. Oxford University Press. (2002)
* Schofield, M., ''Index and Glossary of Greek terms'', in ''The Stoic Idea of the City'', pp. 171–172. Cambridge University Press. (1991).

{{Stoicism}}

[[Category:Stoicism]]

{{Sourceattribution|Glossary of Stoicism terms}}