View source for Physics:O3b mPOWER

{{Infobox spaceflight
| name              = O3b mPOWER
| names_list        = 
| image             = 
| image_caption     = 
| image_size        = 300px

| mission_type      = [[Astronomy:Communications satellite|Communications]]
| operator          = SES
| COSPAR_ID         = 
| SATCAT            = 
| mission_duration  = 12 years (planned)

| spacecraft        = 
| spacecraft_type   = [[Engineering:Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|All-electric propulsion]]
| spacecraft_bus    = [[Engineering:Boeing 702|BSS-702X]]
| manufacturer      = [[Company:Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]]
| launch_mass       = 1700 kg
| dimensions        = 
| power             = 

| launch_date       = 16 December 2022<ref name="launch">[https://spacenews.com/spacex-launches-first-pair-of-o3b-mpower-satellites/ ''SpaceX launches first pair of O3b mPower satellites''] SpaceNews. 16 December 2022. Accessed 17 December 2022</ref>
| launch_rocket     = [[Engineering:Falcon 9|Falcon 9]]
| launch_site       = Cape Canaveral, SLC-40
| launch_contractor = [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]]

| entered_service   = 

| orbit_reference   = [[Astronomy:Geocentric orbit|Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime      = [[Astronomy:Medium Earth orbit|Medium Earth orbit]]
| orbit_altitude    = {{cvt|8000|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 
| orbit_period      = 
| apsis             = gee

| trans_band        = 
| trans_frequency   = 
| trans_bandwidth   = 
| trans_capacity    = 
| trans_coverage    = 
| trans_TWTA        = 
| trans_EIRP        = 
| trans_HPBW        = 

}}
'''O3b mPOWER''' is a [[Astronomy:Communications satellite|communications satellite]] system currently under construction and deployment. The first two satellites were launched on 16 December 2022 and commercial service is expected to begin in Q3 2023.<ref name="launch"/> Owned and operated by SES, O3b mPOWER initially comprises 11 [[Astronomy:High-throughput satellite|high-throughput]] and low-[[Engineering:Latency (engineering)|latency]] satellites in a [[Astronomy:Medium Earth orbit|medium Earth orbit]] (MEO), along with ground infrastructure and intelligent software, to provide multiple terabits of global [[Engineering:Broadband|broadband]] connectivity for applications including cellular [[Engineering:Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul]] to remote rural locations and simultaneous international [[Internet Protocol|IP]] [[Trunking|trunking]].<ref name="spacenews">[https://spacenews.com/ses-building-a-10-terabit-o3b-mpower-constellation/ ''SES building a 10-terabit O3b mPower constellation''], SpaceNews, 11 September 2017, Accessed 25 August 2020 </ref><ref name="Boeing+4">{{cite press release|url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/2020-08-07-Boeing-to-Build-Four-Additional-702X-Satellites-for-SES|title=Boeing to Build Four Additional 702X Satellites for SES's O3b mPOWER Fleet|publisher=Boeing|date=7 August 2020|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="11sats">[https://spacenews.com/ses-orders-four-more-o3b-mpower-satellites-from-boeing/ ''SES orders four more O3b mPower satellites from Boeing''], SpaceNews, 7 August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>

The O3b mPOWER satellites use fully shapable and steerable [[Engineering:Spot beam|spot beam]]s that can be shifted and scaled in real time to suit individual users. The satellites will join SES' existing constellation of 20 first-generation [[Engineering:O3b|O3b]] satellites in MEO and operate in conjunction with them and the [[Engineering:List of SES satellites|SES fleet]] of [[Astronomy:Geostationary|geostationary]] satellites.<ref name="gunter">[https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/o3b-21.htm ''O3b mPower 1, ..., 11''], Gunter's Space Page, Accessed 26 August 2020.</ref>

== Satellites ==
The O3b mPOWER satellites are based on [[Company:Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]]'s multi-orbit [[Engineering:Boeing 702|BSS-702X]] satellite bus with an [[Engineering:Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion|all-electric propulsion]] system and a payload that can be reprogrammed from the ground to reallocate resources "on the fly".<ref>[https://www.boeing.com/space/boeing-satellite-family/702X/ ''702X: The more cost-effective software defined satellite ''], Boeing, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref><ref name="gunter"/>

The electronically steered [[Engineering:Phased array|phased array]] antennas can provide up to 5000 spot beams per satellite each shaped and pointed as required to specifically distribute power and bandwidth to individual user's terminals and, using the full Ka-band spectrum, enable uncontended speeds from 50 [[Megabit|Mbit]]/s up to 10 Gbit/s.<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130014|title=Boeing to Design and Build Seven Medium Earth Orbit Satellites for SES|publisher=Boeing|date=11 September 2017|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref>

With frequency reuse, each O3b mPOWER satellite can deliver hundreds of gigabits in capacity, with multi-terabit capabilities across the full constellation.<ref name="spacenews"/> SES' Adaptive Resource Control (ARC) software and digital payload processing systems synchronise space and ground system resources to electronically control routing, power levels, throughput, and frequency allocation dynamically, in real time.<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>[https://o3bmpower.ses.com/technologies/space-systems ''Space Systems''], SES, Accessed 29 March 2021</ref><ref>[http://www.broadbandworldnews.com/document.asp?doc_id=753908 ''SES to Extend O3b mPower Capabilities With Software Innovation''], Broadband World News, 5 September 2019, Accessed 18 September 2020</ref>

== Coverage ==
From MEO, the O3b mPOWER satellites can deliver high-bandwidth connectivity between latitudes 50° N and 50° S (covering 96% of the global population) to mobile and/or remote terminals of 0.3 m to 5.5 m, and is expected to find application in the following markets:<ref name="Boeing+4"/><ref>[https://www.ses.com/sites/default/files/2020-08/SES_O3b%20mPOWER_Newsroom_Factsheet.pdf ''O3b mPOWER Press Factsheet''], SES, August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>
* Mobility: cruise, commercial shipping, aero 
* Telecom: telco, mobile network operators, cloud providers 
* Government: military, government agencies, non-governmental organisations 
* Enterprise: oil and gas, mining 

Proposed additional satellites operating in a second medium earth orbit at an inclination of 70° would give near-complete global coverage.<ref name="gunter"/>

== History ==
In September 2017, SES announced [[Company:Boeing Satellite Development Center|Boeing]] would build seven "super-powered" medium earth orbit satellites for launch in 2021 to provide flexible and scalable, low-latency satellite-based networks with terabits of throughput, hugely expanding the capacity of the existing constellation of 12 (now 20) first-generation O3b satellites.<ref name="SES_PR">{{cite press release |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-opens-new-era-global-connectivity-o3b-mpower|title=SES opens new era in global connectivity with O3b mPOWER|publisher=SES|date=11 September 2017|access-date=27 August 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/09/12/ses-orders-seven-satellites-from-boeing-to-help-meet-growing-broadband-demand/ ''SES orders seven satellites from Boeing to help meet growing broadband demand''], Spaceflight Now, 12 September 2017, Accessed 20 August 2020</ref>

In March 2018, SES announced partnerships with Alcan Systems, Isotropic Systems and [[Company:Viasat, Inc.|Viasat]] to develop compact, high-throughput user terminals for the O3b mPOWER system.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-networks-announces-partnerships-groundbreaking-o3b-mpower-customer-edge-terminals|title=SES Networks Announces Partnerships for Groundbreaking O3b mPOWER Customer Edge Terminals|publisher=SES|date=8 March 2018|access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref>

In September 2019, SES announced it had partnered with satellite payload and network management systems developer, Kythera Space Solutions to develop the ARC (Adaptive Resource Control) software to enable the dynamic control and optimisation of power, throughput, beams and frequency allocation on O3b mPOWER and other future high-throughput satellites (such as the [[Astronomy:Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] [[Engineering:SES-17|SES-17]], launched in October 2021; in position and fully operational in June 2022<ref>[https://www.satellitetoday.com/broadband/2022/06/16/ses-17-ka-band-satellite-is-now-operational/ ''SES-17 Ka-Band Satellite is Now Operational''] Via Satellite. 16 June 2022. Accessed 27 June 2022</ref>).<ref>{{cite press release|publisher=SES|date=5 September 2019 |url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-enhance-and-expand-o3b-mpower-system-capabilities-dynamic-software-innovation|title=SES to Enhance and Expand O3b mPOWER System Capabilities with Dynamic Software Innovation|access-date=31 March 2021}}</ref> 

Also in September 2019, [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]] was contracted to launch the first seven O3b mPOWER satellites using [[Engineering:Falcon 9|Falcon 9]] rockets with two launches of four and three satellites planned for 2021.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-launch-sess-o3b-mpower-constellation-on-two-falcon-9-rockets/ ''SpaceX to launch SES's O3b mPOWER constellation on two Falcon 9 rockets''], SpaceNews, 9 September 2020, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref>

In February 2020, Princess Cruises announced a partnership with SES for early access to the O3b mPOWER system, using a hybrid network of both MEO and geostationary satellites to provide connectivity to its fleet at sea.<ref>[https://satelliteprome.com/news/princess-cruises-extends-partnership-with-ses-for-o3b-mpower-network/ ''Princess Cruises extends partnership with SES for O3b mPOWER network''], Satellite Pro Middle East, 4 February 2020, Accessed 27 August 2020</ref> Also in February 2020, [[Company:Orange S.A.|Orange]], a user of the first generation O3b system in [[Earth:Africa|Africa]] and the [[Place:Middle East|Middle East]] since 2017, announced it would be the first telco to adopt the O3b mPOWER system, to extend its consumer and business broadband services in Africa, providing connectivity to remote locations, starting in the Central African Republic.<ref>[https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2020/02/27/african-teleco-orange-adopts-sess-o3b-mpower/ ''African Teleco Orange Adopts SES's O3b mPOWER''], Satellite Today, 27 February 2020, Accessed 28 August 2020</ref>

In August 2020, the order for an additional four O3b mPOWER satellites, also from Boeing, was announced. These satellites will be more powerful than the original seven, increasing the total throughput of the entire O3b mPOWER constellation by 90%. The expected launch pattern for the whole O3b mPOWER constellation was also changed, with SpaceX contracted to provide two further launches on Falcon 9 rockets, each rocket carrying a maximum of three satellites, and the first three satellites expected to launch late in 2021, six more on two launches in 2022, and the final two in 2024.<ref name="11sats"/><ref>[https://spacenews.com/ses-taps-spacex-for-two-additional-falcon-9-launches/ ''SES taps SpaceX for two additional Falcon 9 launches''], SpaceNews, 20 August 2020, Accessed 26 August 2020</ref>

In September 2020, SES and [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] announced that SES was the [[Astronomy:Medium Earth orbit|medium Earth orbit]] connectivity partner for the [[Software:Microsoft Azure#Azure Orbital|Microsoft Azure Orbital]] ground station service that enables network operators to control their satellite operations and capacity from within the Azure [[Cloud computing|cloud computing]] service. Under their agreement, SES and Microsoft will jointly invest in Azure Orbital ground stations for the MEO and Earth Observation segments, initially in the {{wipe|United States}}, which will be installed and managed by SES. Also, satellite telemetry, tracking and control systems and data ground stations for the O3b mPOWER satellites will be located with Microsoft's Azure edge sites to provide O3b mPOWER customers with [[Engineering:Multi-hop routing|"one-hop"]] access to Azure cloud services.<ref>[https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/introducing-azure-orbital-process-satellite-data-at-cloudscale/ ''Introducing Azure Orbital: Process satellite data at cloud-scale''], Microsoft, 22 September 2020, Accessed 28 October 2020</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-becomes-microsoft-azure-orbital-founding-connectivity-partner|title=SES Becomes Microsoft Azure Orbital Founding Connectivity Partner|date=22 September 2020|access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref>

In November 2020, SES announced that Gilat and ST Engineering {{Proper name|iDirect}} are developing the modem platforms and ground infrastructure for the O3b mPOWER communications system.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.ses.com/press-release/ses-expands-o3b-mpower-technology-ecosystem-modem-platform-partnerships|title=SES Expands O3b mPOWER Technology Ecosystem with Modem Platform Partnerships|date=3 November 2020|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref> In December 2020, SES agreed with Australian [[Company:Telephone company|telco]], Pivotel Group Pty to build a new ground station at Pivotel's [[Astronomy:Ground station#Telecommunications port|teleport]] in Dubbo, New South Wales to use the O3b mPOWER system to provide high-speed, low-latency connectivity across {{wipe|Australia}}, [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]] and the Pacific Islands.<ref>[https://www.capacitymedia.com/articles/3827248/dubbo-gateway-to-boost-regional-apac-connectivity ''Dubbo Gateway to boost regional APAC connectivity''], Capacity Media, 16 December 2020, Accessed 31 January 2021</ref>

In February 2021, SES announced that four of the five top cruise companies have contracted connectivity services using the O3b mPOWER system ahead of the satellites' launch and with the majority extending beyond 2025.<ref>[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210222006011/en/ ''SES Networks Transforms Cruise Market Again as Leading Cruise Companies Choose O3b mPOWER for Enhanced Connected Guest Experiences''] Business Wire. 23 February 2021. Accessed 23 February 2021</ref>

In August 2021, [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] became the first [[Cloud computing|cloud computing]] provider customer for the O3b satellite system, with Microsoft buying managed satellite connectivity services from SES for the [[Software:Microsoft Azure|Microsoft Azure]] cloud service. Microsoft is initially using the existing first generation [[Engineering:O3b|O3b]] satellites, before upgrading to the faster broadband speeds from O3b mPOWER satellites when they come into operation in 2022.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/o3b-mpower-get-first-cloud-customer-on-track-for-launch-even-as-covid-19-issues-loom/ ''O3b mPOWER get first cloud customer, on track for launch even as COVID-19 issues loom''] SpaceNews. 17 August 2021. Accessed 1 September 2021</ref>

In February 2022, SES formed a joint venture with India's biggest [[Company:Telephone company|telco]], Jio Platforms (JPL). The newly formed Jio Space Technology Limited will deliver broadband services in India of up to 100Gbps capacity, using both the O3b mPOWER constellation and SES's SES-12 [[Astronomy:High-throughput satellite|high-throughput]] [[Astronomy:Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite, to extend JPL’s terrestrial network, enhancing access to digital services in unconnected areas within India and the region. JPL and SES will own 51% and 49% equity stake respectively in the new company.<ref>[https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252513370/Jio-SES-forge-joint-venture-for-satellite-based-broadband-services-across-India ''Jio and SES forge joint venture for satellite-based broadband services across India''] Computer Weekly. 14 February 2022. Accessed 30 April 2022</ref>

In February 2022, [[Company:Orange S.A.|Orange]] announced that, along with SES, it will deploy and manage the first O3b mPOWER gateway in Africa, to provide high-speed, low-latency, and cloud-optimised connectivity services across Africa, and to support telemetry, tracking and command functions for the O3b mPOWER satellites. The gateway will be located at the Sonatel teleport in Gandoul, Senegal.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.orange.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022/orange-sonatel-and-ses-deploy-first-african-o3b-mpower-gateway-senegal|title=Orange, Sonatel and SES to deploy first African O3b mPOWER gateway in Senegal|date=16 February 2022|access-date=28 February 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, SES announced the acquisition of DRS Global Enterprise Solutions (GES), a US-based subsidiary of defence contractor, Leonardo DRS which provides managed satcom services to the US Defence Department and other government agencies. When the transaction is concluded (expected towards the end of 2022 after regulatory approvals) the business will be combined with SES subsidiary, SES Government Solutions (now SES Space & Defense), greatly expanding market access for the O3b mPOWER system at the time it is planned to begin operations.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/ses-to-acquire-leonardo-drs-satcom-business-for-450-million/ ''SES to acquire Leonardo DRS satcom business for $450 million''] SpaceNews. 22 March 2022. Accessed 28 March 2022</ref>

In May 2022, SES announced that the revised launch schedule for the O3b mPOWER satellites would see the first six satellites carried two at a time on three launches in the third quarter of 2022, the next three on one rocket in Q4 2022 and the final two in 2024. The start of service for the O3b mPOWER system remains unchanged as the beginning of 2023.<ref name="sesQ1_2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.ses.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/SES%20Q1%202022%20Results.pdf |title=SES Q1 2022 Results |page=3 |work=SES S.A. |date=5 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref> This schedule was subsequently changed in August 2022.

In May 2022, SES subsidiary SES Government Solutions (now SES Space & Defense), in partnership with [[Astronomy:Satellite imagery|Earth imaging]] company [[Company:Planet Labs|Planet Labs PBC]], was awarded a US$28.96 million contract from [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]’s Communications Services Project for real-time, [[High availability|always-on]] low-latency connectivity services to NASA spacecraft, using SES's [[Astronomy:Geostationary orbit|geostationary orbit]] satellites and [[Astronomy:Medium Earth orbit|medium Earth orbit]] satellites, including the O3b mPOWER constellation.<ref>[https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-industry-to-collaborate-on-space-communications-by-2025 ''NASA, Industry to Collaborate on Space Communications by 2025''] NASA. 20 April 2022. Accessed 29 May 2022</ref><ref>[https://advanced-television.com/2022/05/10/ses-wins-nasa-contract/ ''SES wins NASA contract'']Advanced Television. 10 May 2022. Accessed 29 May 2022</ref>

In June 2022, SES announced that it will provide global connectivity services to MSC Cruises using the O3b mPOWER system. The service will start on the Explora I, the first ship of MSC's forthcoming luxury cruise line Explora Journeys, expected to enter service in Spring 2023.<ref>[https://www.satellitetoday.com/mobility/2022/07/18/ses-signs-cruise-connectivity-deal-with-explora-journeys/ ''SES Signs Cruise Connectivity Deal With Explora Journeys''] Via Satellite. 29 July 2022. Accessed 1 August 2022</ref>

In August 2022, SES revealed that the O3b mPOWER launch schedule had been revised again. The first six O3b mPOWER satellites would now be carried on three launches in Q4 2022, the fourth launch of O3b mPOWER 7 and 8 would be in 2023 and the fifth, for O3b mPOWER 9, 10 and 11, in 2024. The system was expected to start service in Q2 2023.<ref name="resched">[https://advanced-television.com/2022/08/04/ses-further-delays-to-mpower-fleet/ ''SES: Further delays to mPOWER fleet''] Advanced Television. 4 August 2022. Accessed 23 August 2022</ref>

In October 2022, SES announced a capacity deal with telco, Claro Brasil (through its Embratel division) to use the O3b mPOWER network to extend its mobile backhaul service serving more than 260,000 inhabitants of the eight cities in the isolated Amazon region. SES already serves other communities in the region with backhaul capacity delivered via its [[Astronomy:Geostationary orbit|geostationary]] satellite. The O3b mPOWER network will provide 4 Gbps and will be able to support both [[4G|4G]] and [[5G|5G]] networks.<ref>[https://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2022/10/27/claro-brasil-to-extend-4g-and-5g-ready-mobile-services-with-ses-o3b-mpower/ ''Claro Brasil to Extend 4G and 5G-Ready Mobile Services With SES O3b mPOWER''] Via Satellite. 27 October 2022. Accessed 30 October 2022</ref>

In November 2022, SES announced further delays to the O3b mPOWER launch schedule. The first two O3b mPOWER satellites would now be launched in mid-December 2022, The next four satellites would be carried on two launches in Q1 2023, two more on another launch later in 2023, and the final three satellites launched in 2024. it will take approximately six months after launch for each satellite to reach its designated orbit and for commissioning, and the O3b mPower service is now expected to start in Q3 2023.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/o3b-mpower-flexibility/ ''SES eagerly awaiting the flexibility O3b mPower promises''] Space News. 11 November 2022. Accessed 3 December 2022</ref>

The first two O3b mPOWER satellites were successfully launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida at 5:48 pm local time on 16 December 2022.<ref name="launch"/> The two satellites had been 'mated' and fueled with the Xenon gas for their plasma thrusters at Boeing’s factory in El Segundo, California before delivery to Cape Canaveral, considerably reducing the time required at  the spaceport to ready them for launch.<ref>[https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/12/15/first-o3b-mpower-broadband-satellites-set-for-liftoff-after-abbreviated-launch-campaign/ ''First O3b mPOWER broadband satellites set for liftoff after quick launch campaign''] Spaceflight Now. 15 December 2022. Accessed 30 January 2023</ref>

==List of satellites==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name
!NORAD ID
!Int'l Code
!Launch Date
!Launch Vehicle
!Orbital apsis
!Inclination
!Period (min)
|-
|O3b mPOWER 1 (O3b FM21)
|54755 
|2022-174A
|2022-12-16
|Falcon 9 Block 5
|colspan=3 |In transit to MEO
|-
|O3b mPOWER 2 (O3b FM22)
|54756
|2022-174B
|2022-12-16
|Falcon 9 Block 5
|colspan=3 |In transit to MEO
|}

== See also ==
* [[Engineering:O3b|O3b]]
* SES S.A. 
* [[Engineering:O3b Networks|O3b Networks]]
* [[Engineering:Boeing 702|Boeing 702]] satellite bus
* [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Space]]

{{Sourceattribution|O3b mPOWER|1}}