View source for Physics:Quad (unit)

{{Short description|Unit of energy}}
{{Infobox unit
| bgcolor      = 
| name         = quad
| image        = Energy Flow US 2016.png
| caption      = A [[Sankey diagram]] using quads.
| standard     = 
| quantity     = energy
| symbol       = quad
| symbol2      = 
| symbol3      = 
| namedafter   = 
| extralabel   = 
| extradata    = 
| units1       = US customary units
| inunits1     = {{10^|15}} BTU
| units2       = SI
| inunits2     = {{val|1.055|e=18|u=joule}}
| units_imp1   = 
| inunits_imp1 = 
<!--...-->
| units_imp6   = 
| inunits_imp6 = 
| units_us1    = 
| inunits_us1  = 
<!--...-->
| units_us6    = 
| inunits_us6  = 
}}

A '''quad''' is a unit of energy equal to {{10^|15}} (a [[Long and short scales|short-scale]] quadrillion) BTU,<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/energy/glos.html
|title = Energy: Glossary
|publisher = Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
}}</ref> or {{val|1.055|e=18|ul=joule}} (1.055 exajoules or EJ) in SI units.

The unit is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. <!-- Not just in the US? --> The global primary energy production in 2022 was 637.8 quad, i.e., 672.9 EJ.  <ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo/data/pdf/A_A1_r_230822.081459.pdf
 |title=World total primary energy consumption by region, Reference case
 |author=Energy Information Administration 
 |date=2023-10-31 
 |work=International Energy Outlook 2023
}}</ref>

==Conversion==
Some common types of an [[Physics:Energy carrier|energy carrier]] approximately equal to 1 quad are:
*8,007,000,000 [[Gallon#US liquid gallon|gallons (US)]] of gasoline
*293,071,000,000 [[Kilowatt-hour|kWh]]
*293.07 terawatt-hours (TWh)
*33.434 gigawatt-years (GWy)
*36,000,000 tonnes of coal
*970,434,000,000 cubic feet of natural gas
*5,996,000,000 UK gallons of diesel oil
*25,200,000 tonnes of oil
*252,000,000 tonnes of TNT or five times the energy of the Tsar Bomba nuclear test
*12.69 tonnes of [[Physics:Uranium-235|uranium-235]] (with 83.14 TJ/kg)
*6 seconds of sunlight reaching Earth

==See also==
* [[Units of energy]]
* [[Orders of magnitude (energy)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Units of energy]]

{{Sourceattribution|Quad (unit)}}