View source for Physics:Sigma baryon

{{Short description|Baryon made of specific quark combinations}}
{{Infobox Particle
| name = Sigma baryon
| num_types = 3
| composition = {{plainlist|
*{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}}: {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}}
*{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}: {{SubatomicParticle|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}}
*{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}: {{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|Strange quark}}}}
| statistics = [[Physics:Fermion|Fermion]]ic
| group = [[Physics:Baryon|Baryon]]s
| interaction = [[Physics:Strong interaction|Strong]], [[Physics:Weak interaction|weak]], [[Physics:Electromagnetic interaction|electromagnetic]], and [[Physics:Gravity|gravity]]
| antiparticle = 
| status = 
| theorized = 
| discovered = 
| symbol = 
| mass = {{plainlist|
*{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}}: {{val|1189.37|0.07|ul=MeV/c2}}<ref name="pdg">{{cite journal| title=Review of Particle Physics | last1=Zyla | first1=P. A. | last2=Barnett | first2=R. M. | display-authors=1 | collaboration = Particle Data Group | journal=Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics | volume = 2020 | page = 083C01 | year = 2020 | issue=8 | doi=10.1093/ptep/ptaa104| bibcode=2020PTEP.2020h3C01P | doi-access=free | hdl=10261/239127 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>}}
*{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}: {{val|1192.642|0.024|u=MeV/c2}}}}
*{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}: {{val|1197.449|0.030|u=MeV/c2}}}}}}
| mean_lifetime = 
| width = 
| decay_particle = 
| electric_charge = 
| charge_radius = 
| electric_dipole_moment = 
| electric_polarizability = 
| magnetic_moment = 
| magnetic_polarizability = 
| color_charge = 
| spin = {{frac|1|2}}
| num_spin_states = 
| baryon_number = 
| strangeness = -1
| charm = 
| bottomness = 
| topness = 
| isospin = 1
| weak_isospin = 
| weak_isospin_3 = 
| hypercharge = 
| weak_hypercharge = 
| chirality = 
| B-L =
| X_charge =
| parity = 
| g_parity = 
| c_parity = 
| r_parity = 
| condensed_symmetries =
}}
The '''sigma baryons''' are a family of [[Physics:Subatomic particle|subatomic]] [[Physics:Hadron|hadron]] particles which have two [[Physics:Quark|quark]]s from the first flavour generation ([[Physics:Up quark|up]] and / or [[Physics:Down quark|down]] quarks), and a third quark from a higher flavour generation, in a combination where the wavefunction sign remains constant when any two quark flavours are swapped. They are thus [[Physics:Baryon|baryon]]s, with total [[Physics:Isospin|isospin]] of 1, and can either be [[Physics:Neutral particle|neutral]] or have an [[Physics:Elementary charge|elementary charge]] of +2, +1, 0, or −1. They are closely related to the Lambda baryons, which differ only in the wavefunction's behaviour upon flavour exchange.

The third quark can hence be either a [[Physics:Strange quark|strange]] (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}), a [[Physics:Charm quark|charm]] (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma++}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma0}}), a [[Physics:Bottom quark|bottom]] (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma0}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma-}}) or a [[Physics:Top quark|top]] (symbols {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma++}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma+}}, {{SubatomicParticle|Top Sigma0}}) quark. However, the top sigmas are expected to never be observed, since the [[Physics:Standard Model|Standard Model]] predicts the mean lifetime of top quarks to be roughly {{val|5|e=-25|u=s}}.<ref name=Quadt>
{{cite journal
 |first=A.  |last=Quadt
 |year=2006
 |title=Top quark physics at hadron colliders
 |journal=[[Physics:European Physical Journal C|European Physical Journal C]]
 |volume=48  |issue=3  |pages=835–1000
 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s2006-02631-6  |bibcode=2006EPJC...48..835Q
 |s2cid=121887478
 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339554/files/978-3-540-71060-8_BookTOC.pdf
}}</ref> This is about 20&nbsp;times shorter than the timescale for [[Physics:Strong interaction|strong interaction]]s, and therefore it does not [[Physics:Hadronization|form hadrons]].

==List==
The symbols encountered in these lists are: {{mvar|I}} (''[[Physics:Isospin|isospin]]''), {{mvar|J}} (''[[Physics:Total angular momentum|total angular momentum]]''), {{mvar|P}} (''[[Physics:Parity|parity]]''), u (''[[Physics:Up quark|up quark]]''), d (''[[Physics:Down quark|down quark]]''), s (''[[Physics:Strange quark|strange quark]]''), c (''[[Physics:Charm quark|charm quark]]''), t (''[[Physics:Top quark|top quark]]''), b (''[[Physics:Bottom quark|bottom quark]]''), {{mvar|Q}} (''[[Physics:Electric charge|electric charge]]''), {{mvar|S}} (''[[Physics:Strangeness|strangeness]]''), {{mvar|C}} (''charmness''), {{mvar|B′}} (''[[Physics:Bottomness|bottomness]]''), {{mvar|T}} (''[[Physics:Topness|topness]]''), as well as other subatomic particles (hover for name).

Antiparticles are not listed in the table; however, they simply would have all quarks changed to antiquarks (and vice versa), and {{mvar|Q}}, {{mvar|B}}, {{mvar|S}}, {{mvar|C}}, {{mvar|B′}}, {{mvar|T}}, would be of opposite signs. {{mvar|I}}, {{mvar|J}}, and {{mvar|P}} values in red have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the [[Physics:Quark model|quark model]] and are consistent with the measurements.<ref>
{{cite report
 |first=C.  |last1=Amsler
 |collaboration=[[Physics:Particle Data Group|Particle Data Group]]
 |display-authors=0
 |year=2008
 |title=Baryons
 |series=Particle summary tables
 |publisher=University of California
 |department=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
 |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/tables/rpp2008-sum-baryons.pdf
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
 |first1=J.G. |last1=Körner
 |first2=M.   |last2=Krämer
 |first3=D.   |last3=Pirjol
 |name-list-style=amp
 |year=1994
 |title=Heavy Baryons
 |journal=Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
 |volume=33  |pages=787–868
 |doi=10.1016/0146-6410(94)90053-1  |arxiv=hep-ph/9406359  |bibcode=1994PrPNP..33..787K
|s2cid=118931787
 }}</ref>

=== {{mvar|J<sup>P</sup>}} = {{sfrac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup> sigma baryons ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ {{mvar|J<sup>P</sup>}} = {{sfrac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup> sigma baryons
|-
! class=unsortable | Particle <br/>name
! Symbol
! class=unsortable | Quark <br/>content
! [[Physics:Rest mass|Rest mass]] (MeV/[[Physics:Speed of light|{{mvar|c}}]]<sup>2</sup>)
! width="50"| [[Physics:Isospin|{{mvar|I}}]]
! width="50"| [[Physics:Total angular momentum|{{mvar|J}}]]<sup>[[Physics:Parity|{{mvar|P}}]]</sup>
! width="50"| [[Physics:Charge|{{mvar|Q}}]] ([[Physics:Elementary charge|''e'']])
! width="50"| [[Physics:Strangeness|{{mvar|S}}]]
! width="50"| [[Physics:Charm (quantum number)|{{mvar|C}}]]
! width="50"| [[Physics:Bottomness|{{mvar|B′}}]]
! width="50"| [[Physics:Topness|{{mvar|T}}]]
! Mean lifetime ([[Second|s]])
! class=unsortable | Decay modes (branching ratio)
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+">
{{cite journal
 |last1=Zyla     |first1=P.A.   |last2=Barnett   |first2=R.M.
 |last3=Beringer |first3=J.     |last4=Dahl      |first4=O.
 |last5=Dwyer    |first5=D.A.   |last6=Groom     |first6=D.E.
 |last7=Lin      |first7=C.-J.  |last8=Lugovsky  |first8=K.S.
 |last9=Pianori  |first9=E.     |last10=Robinson |first10=D.J.
 |collaboration=Particle Data Group
 |display-authors=6
 |date=2020-08-14
 |title=Review of Particle Physics
 |journal=Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
 |volume=2020  |issue=8
 |pages=083C01 |doi=10.1093/ptep/ptaa104  |bibcode=2020PTEP.2020h3C01P |language=en
 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ptep/article/2020/8/083C01/5891211
|doi-access=free|hdl=10481/66389|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,189.37&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.07
| 1
| {{sfrac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|8.018 ± 0.026 × 10<sup>−11</sup>}}
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Proton+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}}}} ((51.57±0.30)%)<br/>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}((48.31±0.30)%)
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,192.642&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.024
| 1
| {{nowrap|{{sfrac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>}}
| 0
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|7.4 ± 0.7 × 10<sup>−20</sup>}}
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Photon}}}} (100%)
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,197.449&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.030
| 1
| {{sfrac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|1.479 ± 0.011 × 10<sup>−10</sup>}}
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}}}} ((99.848±0.005)%)
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma++}}(2455)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,453.97&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.14
| 1
| {{nowrap|1=<span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>}}
| +2
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|3.5 ± 0.4 × 10<sup>−22</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Charmed lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}(≈100%)
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma+}}(2455)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,452.9&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.4
| 1
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|>1.4 × 10<sup>−22</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Charmed lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}}}} (≈100%)
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma0}}(2455)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,453.75&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.14
| 1
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|3.6± 0.4 × 10<sup>−22</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Charmed lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}}}} (≈100%)
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| 5,810.56 ± 0.23
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
|{{nowrap|1.31± 0.13 × 10<sup>−22</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}} (dominant)}}
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| Unknown
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| Unknown
| Unknown
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<ref name="PDGSigma+" />
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma-}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| 5,815.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.27
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| −1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
|{{nowrap|1.24± 0.13 × 10<sup>−22</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}} (dominant)}}
|-
|align="left"| Top sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma++}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|align="left"| Top Sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|align="left"| Top Sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|1|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|}
<sup>†</sup> {{note|Undiscovered}} The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist. <br>
<sup>[a]</sup> {{note|Lifetime}} [[Physics:Particle Data Group|PDG]] reports the [[Physics:Resonance width|resonance width]] ({{mvar|Γ}}). Here the conversion {{mvar|τ&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{sfrac|ħ|Γ}} }} is given instead. <br>
<sup>[b]</sup> {{note|nameofsigma}} The specific values of the name has not been decided yet, but will likely be close to {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma}}(5810).

=== {{mvar|J<sup>P</sup>}} = {{sfrac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup> sigma baryons ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ {{mvar|J<sup>P</sup>}} = {{sfrac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup> sigma baryons
|-
! class=unsortable | Particle <br/>name
! Symbol
! class=unsortable | Quark <br/>content
! [[Physics:Rest mass|Rest mass]] (MeV/[[Physics:Speed of light|{{mvar|c}}]]<sup>2</sup>)
! width="50" | [[Physics:Isospin|{{mvar|I}}]]
! width="50" | [[Physics:Total angular momentum|J]]<sup>[[Physics:Parity|{{mvar|P}}]]</sup>
! width="50" | [[Physics:Charge|{{mvar|Q}}]] ([[Physics:Elementary charge|''e'']])
! width="50" | [[Physics:Strangeness|{{mvar|S}}]]
! width="50" | [[Physics:Charm (quantum number)|{{mvar|C}}]]
! width="50" | [[Physics:Bottomness|{{mvar|B′}}]]
! width="50" | [[Physics:Topness|{{mvar|T}}]]
! Mean lifetime ([[Second|s]])
! class=unsortable | Commonly decays to
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*>
{{cite report
 |first1=C. |last1=Amsler
 |collaboration=Particle Data Group
 |display-authors=0
 |year=2008
 |title={{SubatomicParticle|Sigma}}(1385)
 |series=Particle listings
 |department=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
 |publisher=University of California
 |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b043.pdf
}}</ref>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma*+}}(1385)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,382.8&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.4
| 1
| {{nowrap|{{sfrac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>}}
| +1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|1.84 ± 0.04 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*/>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma*0}}(1385)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,383.7&nbsp;±&nbsp;1.0
| 1
| {{sfrac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|1.8 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}
|-
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*/>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Sigma*-}}(1385)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Strange quark}}
| 1,387.2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.5
| 1
| {{sfrac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|1.67 ± 0.09 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Lambda0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma0}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}} or}} <br>{{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|Sigma-}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}}
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*>{{cite report |first1=C. |last1=Amsler |collaboration=Particle Data Group |display-authors=0 |year=2008 |series=Particle listings |title={{SubatomicParticle|Charmed Sigma}}(2520) |department=Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory |publisher=University of California |url=http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b115.pdf}}</ref>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma*++}}(2520)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,518.4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.6
| 1
| {{nowrap|1=<span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>}}
| +2
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|4.4 ± 0.6 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion+}}}}
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*/>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma*+}}(2520)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,517.5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2.3
| 1
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|>3.9 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion0}}}}
|-
|align="left"| Charmed sigma<ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*/>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Charmed sigma*0}}(2520)
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charm quark}}
| 2,518.0&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.5
| 1
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| {{nowrap|4.1 ± 0.5 × 10<sup>−23</sup>}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[c]}}</sup>
| {{nowrap|{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Charmed Lambda+}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Pion-}}}}
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma*+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| Unknown
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| Unknown
| Unknown
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma*0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| Unknown
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| Unknown
| Unknown
|-
|align="left"| Bottom sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma*-}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}
| Unknown
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| −1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| Unknown
| Unknown
|-
|align="left"| Top sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma*++}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|align="left"| Top sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma*+}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|align="left"| Top sigma<sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| {{SubatomicParticle|Top sigma*0}}
| {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Top quark}}
| —
| <span style="color:red">1</span>
| <span style="color:red">{{sfrac|3|2}}</span><sup>&nbsp;<span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|}
<sup>†</sup> {{note|Undiscovered2}} The standard model predicts that this particle cannot exist. <br>
<sup>[c]</sup> {{note|Lifetime2}} [[Physics:Particle Data Group|PDG]] reports the resonance width ({{mvar|Γ}}). Here the conversion {{mvar|τ&nbsp;{{=}}&nbsp;{{sfrac|ħ|Γ}} }} is given instead.

== See also ==
* [[Physics:Delta baryon|Delta baryon]]
* [[Physics:Hyperon|Hyperon]]
* [[Physics:Lambda baryon|Lambda baryon]]
* [[Physics:List of mesons|List of mesons]]
* [[Physics:List of particles|List of particles]]
* [[Physics:Nucleon|Nucleon]]
* [[Physics:Omega baryon|Omega baryon]]
* Physics portal
* [[Physics:Timeline of particle discoveries|Timeline of particle discoveries]]
* [[Physics:Xi baryon|Xi baryon]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite journal
 |first1=C. |last1=Amsler
 |collaboration=[[Physics:Particle Data Group|Particle Data Group]]
 |display-authors=0
 |year=2008
 |title=Review of Particle Physics
 |journal=[[Physics:Physics Letters B|Physics Letters B]]
 |volume=667  |issue=1  |page=1
 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018  |bibcode=2008PhLB..667....1A
 |url=http://scipp.ucsc.edu/%7Ehaber/pubs/Review_of_Particle_Physics_2014.pdf
|hdl=1854/LU-685594
 |s2cid=227119789
 |hdl-access=free
 }}
* {{cite journal
 |first1=J.G. |last1=Körner
 |first2=M.   |last2=Krämer
 |first3=D.   |last3=Pirjol
 |name-list-style=amp
 |year=1994
 |title=Heavy Baryons
 |journal=Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
 |volume=33  |pages=787–868
 |doi=10.1016/0146-6410(94)90053-1 |arxiv=hep-ph/9406359 |bibcode=1994PrPNP..33..787K
|s2cid=118931787
 }}
* {{cite journal
 |first1=T. |last1=Aaltonen
 |collaboration=[[Physics:Collider Detector at Fermilab|CDF Collaboration]]
 |display-authors=0
 |year=2007
 |title=First Observation of Heavy Baryons {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma}} and {{SubatomicParticle|Bottom Sigma*}}
 |journal=[[Physics:Physical Review Letters|Physical Review Letters]]
 |volume=99  |issue=20  |pages=202001
 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.202001 |pmid=18233134
 |arxiv=0706.3868 |bibcode=2007PhRvL..99t2001A
 |s2cid=11241393
 |url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/8529/2/e202001.pdf
}}

{{Particles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sigma Baryon}}
[[Category:Baryons]]

{{Sourceattribution|Sigma baryon}}