View source for Place:Ancient regions of Anatolia

{{Short description|List of regions of Ancient Anatolia (present-day Turkey)}}
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| colspan="2" style="margin-left: inherit; background:#DEB887; text-align:center; font-size: medium;" |Ancient Regions of Anatolia
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<small>Regions of ancient Anatolia. Borders drawn along the [[Place:Euphrates|Euphrates]] and [[Earth:Armenian Highlands|Armenian Highlands]] in the east, [[Place:Taurus Mountains|Taurus Mountains]], Amanus Mountains (today's Nur Mountains) and [[Place:Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Sea]] in the south and south-east, Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea) to the north, and Aegean Sea, Propontis (Marmara sea), Bosphorus and Thrace in the west. Also can include nearby offshore islands like [[Place:Cyprus|Cyprus]], Lesbos, Chios, [[Biography:Icaria|Icaria]], Samos and Rhodes.</small>
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| '''Location'''
| Northwestern [[Place:Middle East|Middle East]]
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The following is a list of regions of [[History:History of Anatolia|Ancient Anatolia]], also known as "[[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]]," in the present day [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] region of [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]] in [[Place:Western Asia|Western Asia]].

==Late Bronze Age regions (circa 1200 BC)==
[[File:Hethiter.svg|500px|thumb|Late Bronze Age regions of Anatolia/Asia Minor (circa 1200 BC) with main settlements.]]
*'''Alasiya''' / Alashiya (later [[Place:Cyprus|Cyprus]] in the Classical Age, to the south of mainland [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] or [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]])
*'''[[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]]''', roughly most part of West [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] / [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]], it was a [[Social:Confederation|confederation]] (or league) of 22 ancient Anatolian states that formed some time before 1400 BC (may have been the origin of the name '''[[Earth:Asia|Asia]]''')
**'''Adadura'''
**'''Alatra'''
**'''[[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]] Proper''' 
**'''Dura'''
**'''Dunda'''
**'''Ḥalluwa'''
**'''Ḥuwallušiya'''
**'''[[Earth:Caria|Karakisa]]''' / '''[[Earth:Caria|Karkiya]]''' (later '''[[Earth:Caria|Caria]]''' in the Classical Age)
**'''Kispuwa'''
**'''Kuruppiya'''
**'''Land of Mount Pahurina'''
**'''Luissa''', a name ending in '''-luišša''' (or the whole name '''Luišša''')
**'''Lukka''' / '''[[Biology:Lukka lands|Lugga]]''' (later '''[[Biology:Lycia|Lycia]]''' in the Classical Age)
**'''Parista'''
**'''Pasuhalta'''
**'''Taruisa''' (later '''Troas''' / '''Troad'''? in the Classical Age) (Wilusa / Wilusiya was the capital, has been identified with the city called Ilion / [[History:Troy|Troy]] by the Greeks)
***Wilusa (was the capital of '''Taruisa''', has been identified with the city called Ilion / [[History:Troy|Troy]] by the Greeks)
**'''Unaliya'''
**'''Waršiya''' / '''Waršiyalla''' (Warsiya / Warsiyalla)
**a name probably ending in '''-wwa''',
**'''Unknown (an obliterated name)'''
**'''Unknown (an obliterated name)'''
**'''Unknown (an obliterated name)'''
**'''[[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''', roughly part of West [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] / [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]], it was formed in the second half of the 2nd millennium BC (roughly from the late 15th century BC until the beginning of the 12th century BC). Contemporary to '''[[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]]''' in Western [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] (capital was known as Apasa by the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]], later called Ephesos by the Greeks).
***'''[[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]] Proper''', may have been the classical region called '''Lydia''' or '''Maeonia''', the then capital was known as Apasa by the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]], later called Ephesos by the Greeks, Classical Age capital of Lydia or Maeonia was Sardis and not [[History:Ephesus|Ephesus]] that was then a Greek city.
***Included several of the same regions or lands as the [[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]] League but not the ones that are mentioned below:
**Known western Anatolian late-Bronze Age regions and/or political entities which, to date, have not been cited as having been part of the '''[[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''' complex are:
***'''[[Earth:Caria|Karkiya]]''' (later '''[[Earth:Caria|Caria]]''' in the Classical Age) (one of its main coastal cities was called Millawanda by the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]], later called Miletos by the Greeks)
***'''Lukka''' / '''[[Biology:Lukka lands|Lugga]]''' (later '''[[Biology:Lycia|Lycia]]''' in the Classical Age)
***'''Masa''' / '''Land of Masa''' (later '''Mysia'''? in the Classical Age)
**'''Hittite [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''' / '''Hittite [[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]]''', formed by three western provinces (after Hittite Empire conquest), roughly most of [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] / [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]], it was almost identical to the "[[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]] League" lands or regions, more than to [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]], that seems to have been smaller and less powerful.
***'''[[History:Hapalla|Hapalla]]''' / '''[[History:Hapalla|Haballa]]''' ('''Eastern [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''' - may have been the upper Sangarios river (today's Sakarya) basin, and the classical regions or parts of east '''[[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]]''', western '''[[Place:Galatia|Galatia]]''' and also '''Masa''' or '''Mysia''')
****'''Appawiya''' / '''Abbawiya''' (may have been later '''Abbaitis''' in the Classical Age?)
****'''Hulana River Land'''
****'''Masa''' or '''Mysia'''
****'''[[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]], East Classical '''
****'''Pitassa'''
****'''Upper Sangarios''' river basin (known as ''Saḫiriya'' by the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]])
****'''Walma'''
***'''Mira''' / '''Mira-Kuwaliya''' ('''Southern [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''' - '''[[Earth:Caria|Caria]]''', bordered by [or containing parts of] '''Lukka''' / '''[[Biology:Lycia|Lycia]]''')
****'''[[Earth:Caria|Caria]]'''
*****'''Zippasla'''
****'''Lukka''' / '''[[Biology:Lycia|Lycia]]'''
*****'''Kuwaliya''' (later '''Cabalia''' in the Classical Age) (''Kuwaliya'' > ''*Kubaliya'' > ''Kabaliya'' - Cabalia)
*****'''Siyanta''' / '''Siyanda'''
***'''Seha''' / '''Seha River Land''' ('''Northern [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]]''' - '''Lydia''' or '''Maeonia''', Seha probably was the river that Greeks called Hermos, today's Gediz, flowed)
****'''Sardis''' ( Lydian: 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 Sfard; City on Hermos River. May share etymology with Seha)
****'''Lazpa''' (later '''Lesbos''' Island in the Classical Age)
****'''Lydia''' / '''Maeonia'''
*'''Azzi-Hayasa''' / '''[[Place:Hayasa-Azzi|Hayasa-Azzi]]''' (later '''Lesser Armenia''' / '''Armenia Minor'''? in the Classical Age)
*'''Hatti''' / '''Land of Hatti''' (Broad Sense - Central [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] including the lands that were [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] or Nesite speaking at the height of the Hittite Empire and was also used as synonym of Hittite Empire and countries and regions, lands, ruled by it)
**'''Hatti''' / '''Land of Hatti''' (Narrow Sense - Ancient country or land of Central Anatolia defined by the Halys river bend, called ''Marassanta'' or ''Marassantiya'' by the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]]) (it was the core land of the Hittite empire and was also used as synonym of Hittite Empire and countries and regions ruled by it) (later it was part of Cappadocia and West [[Place:Pontus (region)|Pontus]])
***Hattusa (capital of the Hittite Empire for longest time)
**'''Katerra Udnē''' ("Lowland" in [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]]) (Plateau of Central Anatolia) (later mostly part of Cappadocia and may have included some parts of [[Place:Lycaonia|Lycaonia]] or not, [[Place:Lycaonia|Lycaonia]] was mostly Luwian speaking or to a more closely related language and not [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] / Nesite speaking) (German name on the map: ''Unteres Land'') (''Katerra Udnē'' was possibly related to the name ''Katta Peda'' - "Place Below" or "Place Down", from ''katta'' - "below" or "down", and ''peda'' - "place", that originated the name Cappadocia through the possible phonetic change - ''Katt(a)-peda'' > ''*Kat-peda'' > ''*Kat-pata'' > ''*Kat-patu + ka'' > ''Kat-patuka'' > ''*Kappaduka'', borrowed to [[Social:Ancient Greek|Greek]] as ''Kappadokía'')
***Purushanda (an important city in Katerra Udnē - Lowland)
**'''Kussara''' / '''Kusshara''' country in East [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]], south of the Marassantiya / Halys river, to the east of Nesa region or country.
**'''Nesa''', original land of the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]] / Nesites who called themselves by the name ''[[History:Hittites|Nesumines]]'' - "(people) from Nesa" and their language ''[[Social:Hittite language|Nesili]]'' - "(language) from Nesa". "'''Nesa'''" was the name not only of a city but also of a region or country south of the middle Marassantiya / Halys river course.
***Nesa city / Kanesh city, first capital of the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]] and Hittite Empire, was the capital of the region of the same name.
**'''Sarazzi Udnē''' ("Highland" in [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]]) (Mountains of East Anatolia, especially the upper Marassantiya / Halys basin) (later part of Cappadocia, West [[Place:Pontus (region)|Pontus]] and Lesser Armenia / Armenia Minor) (German name on the map: ''Oberes Land'')
**'''Zalpa''' / '''Zalpuwa''' / "Land of Zalpa", region, country, on the [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]]n ([[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]]) Black Sea / Pontus Euxinos coast (part of south coast of the Black Sea). Hittites called the Black Sea - "Zalpa Sea" or "Sea of Zalpa".
***Zalpa / [[History:Zalpuwa|Zalpuwa]] city, a yet undiscovered [[History:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] Anatolian city that was the capital of the region of the same name.
*'''Kaska''' / '''Kaska Land''' (East [[Place:Pontus (region)|Pontus]] in the Classical Age) (country or region of the Kaska people, they could be descendants or related to the Hattians)
*'''Luwiya''' / '''Luwa''' (seems to have included most part of Southern and Southeastern [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] that was [[Social:Luwian language|Luwian]] speaking) (it was related but not identical to [[Place:Assuwa|Assuwa]] and its contemporary [[History:Arzawa|Arzawa]] in Western [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]])
**'''Hulaya''' (later '''Isauria'''? in the Classical Age)
**'''[[History:Isuwa|Isuwa]]''' (later Melitene and Sophene in the Classical Age) (Melid was its main centre) 
***'''Kammanu''' (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC) (its main city was Melid, later Melitene, today's Malatya)
**'''Kizzuwadna''' / '''[[Place:Kizzuwatna|Kizzuwatna]]''' ([[Social:Luwian language|Luwian]]: ''Kizz Uwadna'' / ''Kizz Uwatna'' - "Land on this Side", from ''kizz'' - "on this side" and ''uwadna'' or ''uwatna'' - "land" or "country"; [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]]: ''Kez Udnē'' - "Land on this Side", from ''kez'' - "on this side" and ''udnē'' - "land" or "country") (later [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Pedias]] / [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Campestris]] in the Classical Age)
***'''Ḫiyawa''' / '''Adanawa''', native names by the Luwians (Quwê for the Assyrians, Hume for the Babylonians, Keveh for ancient Israelites / Hebrews) (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC) (later part of [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Pedias]] / [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Campestris]] in the Classical Age). By the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]] it was called '''Danuna''' / '''"Land of the Danuna"''', the region of Adana, Adaniya or Ataniya city and region, in [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia]]. It may have been the region where the people called ''Denyen'' by the ancient Egyptians, one of the Sea peoples, originally came from.
***'''Khilakku''' (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC) (later part of [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Pedias]] / [[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia Campestris]] in the Classical Age)
**'''Kurkuma''' ('''Gurgum''') (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC)
**'''Tuwana''' / '''Tuwanuwa''' (later '''Tyanitis''' in the Classical Age)
***'''Tabal''' (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC) (''Tuwana'' > ''*Tuwan(a)'' > ''*Tuwan'' > ''*Tuban'' > ''*Tubal'' > ''Tabal'') (this name may have been the inspiration for the Old Hebrew name Tubal, son of Japheth, son of Noah, in the [[Religion:Bible|Bible]])
**'''Tarhuntassa''' (later Cilicia Trachaea / Cilicia Aspera), Tarhuntassa was the name not only of a city but also of a region or country in south [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]].
***Tarhuntassa city, ''Tarhuntas Assa'' - "Tarhunt city" (one of the capitals of Hittite Empire in a country or region of the same name)
**'''Zanta Uwadna''' - Plateau of Central Anatolia. [[Social:Luwian language|Luwian]] cognate and equivalent to [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] '''Katerra Udnē''' - "Lowland" in [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] (may have included some parts or most part of [[Place:Lycaonia|Lycaonia]] or not, [[Place:Lycaonia|Lycaonia]] was mostly Luwian speaking or to a more closely related language and not [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] / Nesite speaking) (German name on the map: ''Unteres Land'')
*'''Pala''' (for the [[History:Hittites|Hittites]] seems to have included most part of Northern [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] / [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] between rivers Marassantiya to the east, Sahiriya to the west and Zalpa Sea / Sea of Zalpa to the north, that was Palaic speaking) (later Paphlagonia in the Classical Age)
**'''Arawana'''
**'''Kalasma'''
**'''Kassiya'''
**'''Kasula'''
**'''Pala proper''' (later Paphlagonia in the Classical Age)
**'''Tumanna''' (later '''Domanitis'''? in the Classical Age)
===Regions sometimes included in Anatolia===
*'''Kummuh''' / '''Kummaha''' (region or country and also post-Hittite Luwian state in the first millennium BC) (later Commagena in the Classical Age) (although it was on the south slope of the [[Place:Taurus Mountains|Taurus Mountains]] it could be considered geographically in [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] / [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]])
*'''[[History:Palistin|Palistin]]''' / '''Walistin''' (later '''Pieria''' in Classical Age) (may have been the original region of the Philistines?)
**'''Pattin''' / '''Pattina''' (later '''Pieria''' in Classical Age) (known as '''Unqi''' by the Assyrians)

==Classical Age regions (circa 200 BC)==
[[File:Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements.jpg|thumb|500px|Anatolia/Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions and their main settlements (circa 200 BC).]]
*'''Aeolis''' (named after the Aeolian Greeks that colonized the region)
**''Lesbos''
*'''Armenia Minor''' (Armenia west of the [[Place:Euphrates|Euphrates]] river, geographically in [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]]) (roughly corresponding to ancient '''Azzi-Hayasa''' or '''[[Place:Hayasa-Azzi|Hayasa-Azzi]]''')
**''Aeretice'' / ''Æretice''
**''Aetulane'' / ''Ætulane''
**''Orbalisene''
**''Orbesine''
**''Orsene''
*'''[[Earth:Bithynia|Bithynia]]'''
**''[[Earth:Bithynia|Bithynia]] Proper'' ''(named after the [[Earth:Bithyni|Bithyni]])''
**''Cauconia'' ''(named after the Caucones or Kaukauni)''
**''Mariandynia'' ''(named after the [[Earth:Mariandyni|Mariandyni]])''
**''Salone'' / ''Salon'' ''(Bithynium or Bithynion was its main centre)''
**''Tarsia''
**''Tottaion''
**''[[Place:Thynia|Thynia]]'' ''(named after the Thyni)''
*'''Cappadocia''' (a significant part roughly corresponding to ancient "'''Land of Hatti'''" or '''Hatti''') (name possibly derived from the [[Social:Hittite language|Hittite]] ''Katta Peda-'' - Place Below or Place Down, from ''katta'' - below or down and ''peda'' - place; possible phonetic change - ''Katt(a)-peda'' > ''*Kat-peda'' > ''*Kat-pata'' > ''*Kat-patu + ka'' > ''Kat-patuka'' > ''*Kappaduka'', borrowed to [[Social:Ancient Greek|Greek]] as ''Kappadokía'')
**''Bagadania'' / ''Bagadoania''
**''Chammamene'' / ''Chammanene''
**''Cataonia'' ''(broad sense)'' ''(During Achaemenid Persian Empire it was its own country or region and not part of Cappadocia)''
***''Aravene''
***''Cataonia'' / ''Cataonia Proper'' ''(narrow sense)''
***''Lavinianesine'' / ''Lavianesine'' / ''Laviansene''
***''Muriane'' / ''Murianune''
**''Cappadocian Cilicia'' / ''Mazakene'' ''(where Mazaka or Caesarea Mazaka was located; it is today's Kayseri)'' ''(Nesa was close)''
**''Garsaouritis'' / ''Garsauria''
**''Melitene'' / ''Miletene'' ''(During Achaemenid Persian Empire it was its own country or region and not part of Cappadocia)''
**''Morimene''
**''Pteria''
**''Saravene''
***''Tarbasthena''
**''Sargarausene''
**''Tyanitis'' ''(after Tyana city)'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tuwana / Tuwanuwa region)''
*'''[[Earth:Caria|Caria]]'''
**''Peraea''
*'''[[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia]]'''
**''Cilicia Pedias'' / ''Cilicia Campestris'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Kizzuwadna)''
***''Bryelice'' / ''Bryelica''
**''Cilicia Trachaea'' / ''Cilicia Aspera'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tarhuntassa)'' ''(later, Cilicia Aspera was included in Isauria)''
***''Characine''
***''Lalassis'' 
***''Lamotis''
***''Kennatis''
***''Ketis''
***''Selenitis'' ''(after Selinus city)''
*'''[[Place:Cyprus|Cyprus]]''' (roughly corresponding to ancient '''Alasiya''', part or the whole island)
*'''Doris''' (named after the Dorian Greeks that colonized the region)
**''Cos''
**''[[Earth:Doric Hexapolis|Doric Hexapolis]]''
**''Rhodes''
*'''[[Place:Galatia|Galatia]]''' (named after the Galatians, a Celtic people, that arrived in Central [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] by the early 3rd century BC, it didn't exist until then and was made by Galatian conquests of parts of [[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]] and Cappadocia)
**''Tolistobogii'' / ''Tolistobogioi subregion'' ''([[Place:Galatia|Western Galatia]])'' ''(where [[Place:Gordion|Gordion]] / [[Place:Gordium|Gordium]], ancient Phrygian capital, was located, Pessinus was Tolisbogii capital)''
***''Comata'' / ''Komata''
***''[[Place:Gordium|Gordiana]]'' ''(was part of [[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]] until Galatian conquest, where [[Place:Gordion|Gordion]] / [[Place:Gordium|Gordium]], ancient Phrygian capital, was located,)''
***''Pancaleia'' / ''Pankaleia'' ''(was part of [[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]] until Galatian conquest)''
***''Proseilemmene'' / ''Proseilimmene'' ''(was part of [[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]] until Galatian conquest)''
**''Tectosages subregion'' ''([[Place:Galatia|Central Galatia]])'' ''(where Ancyra was located, today's [[Place:Ankara|Ankara]])''
***''Komodromos'' ''(was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)''
***''Sanisene'' ''(was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)''
**''Trocmi'' / ''Trokmoi subregion'' ''([[Place:Galatia|Eastern Galatia]])'' ''(where Tavium was located, close to ancient Hattusa)''
***''Ximene'' ''(was part of Cappadocia until Galatian conquest)''
*'''Ionia''' (named after the Ionian Greeks that colonized the region)
**''Chios''
**''[[Biography:Icaria|Icaria]]'' / ''Ikaria''
**''Samos''
*'''Isauria'''
*'''[[Place:Lycaonia|Lycaonia]]'''
**''Antiochiana''
**''Axylos''
*'''[[Biology:Lycia|Lycia]]'''
**''Cabalia'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Kuwaliya)''
**''[[Biology:Milyas|Milyas]]'' ''(region dwelt by the Milyae that descend from the Solymi)''
*'''Lydia / Maeonia'''
**''Katakekaumene''
*'''Mysia''' (Coastal Phrygia) (also known as '''Phrygia Hellespontica''', or as '''Phrygia Epictetus''' after the annexation by the Kingdom of Pergamum) (roughly corresponding to ancient '''Masa''')
**''Phrygia Minor'' ''(northern part of Mysia)''
***''Lentiana''
**''Phrygia Maior'' / ''Phrygia Pergamene'' ''(southern part of Mysia)''
***''Abrettene''
***''Morene''
***''Olympene''
***''Teuthrania'' ''(sometimes included in Lydia) ([[History:Pergamon|Pergamon]], that was capital of the [[History:Kingdom of Pergamon|Kingdom of Pergamon]], was in this land)''
*'''Pamphylia'''
*'''Paphlagonia''' (roughly corresponding to ancient '''Pala''')
**''Blaene''
**''Cimiatene''
**''Domanitis'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Tumanna?)''
**''Enetia'' / ''Henetia'' ''(named after the Eneti or Heneti)''
**''Marmolitis''
**''Pimolisene''
**''Potamia''
**''Timonitis''
*'''[[History:Phrygia|Phrygia]]''' (Inland Phrygia)
**''Pacatiana'' / ''Phrygia Pacatiana'' ''(Western Phrygia)''
***''Abbaitis'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient Abbawiya or Appawiya)''
***''Azanitis''
**''Salutaris'' / ''Phrygia Salutaris'' ''(Eastern Phrygia)''
*'''[[Place:Pisidia|Pisidia]]'''
**''Paroreios'' / ''Parorea''
*'''[[Place:Pontus (region)|Pontus]]'''
**''Western Pontus'' ''(During Achaemenid Persian Empire it was part of Cappadocia)'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient "Land of Zalpa", Zalpa or [[History:Zalpuwa|Zalpuwa]] was its main centre)''
***''Chiliokomon''
***''Camisene'' / ''Kamisene'' / ''Comisene''
***''Colopene'' / ''Kolopene'' / ''Culupene'' / ''Calupene''
***''Daximonitis''
***''Diacopene''
***''Gadilonitis'' / ''Gazelonitis''
***''Phanaraea''
***''Phazemonitis''
***''Saramene''
***''Themiscyra''
***''Tibarenia'' ''(named after the Tibareni, believed to be of Scythian origin by several classical authors like Herodotus, [[Biography:Xenophon|Xenophon]] and Strabo)''
**''Eastern Pontus'' ''(roughly corresponding to ancient "Kaska Land", inhabited by the Kaska people)'' ''(inhabited by several peoples)''
***''Byzeria'' ''(named after the Byzeres)''
***''Chaldia'' ''(named after the Chalybes)''
***''Macronia'' ''(named after the Macrones, ancestors of Mingrelians, part of the Zan)''
***''Marria'' ''(named after the Marres)''
***''Moschia'' ''(named after the Moschi or Moschoi, who may have been a northern branch of the Eastern Mushki and related to Mysians and Armenians)''
***''Mossynoecia'' ''(named after the Mossynoeci)''
***''Sannia'' ''(named after the Sanni, ancestors of the Zan, including Mingrelians and Lazs)''
*'''Troas''' / '''Troad''' (sometimes included in Mysia)
**''Sigrene''
===Regions sometimes included in Anatolia===
*'''Commagene''' (roughly corresponding to ancient '''Kummaha''' or '''Kummuh''') (although it was on the south slope of the [[Place:Taurus Mountains|Taurus Mountains]], it could be considered geographically in [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]] / [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]]) (however it was administratively included in Roman Syria, far northern area, by the Roman Empire)
*'''Pieria''' (part of ancient [[History:Palistin|Palistin]]) (although administratively in Roman Syria on the border area, it was on the west slope of the Amanus mountains, and sometimes it was included in Cilicia Pedias)

'''Note:''' Over time the regions did not always were the same and had the same size or the same borders and sometimes included different subregions, districts, divisions or parts or were united with others.

The names of many regions ended in "e" [e] that was the Eastern Greek (Attic Ionic [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]]) equivalent to the Western Greek (Doric Greek) "a" [a] and also to the [[Social:Latin|Latin]] "a" [a].
In [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] the "ph" represented the consonants p [p] and h [h] pronounced closely and not the f [f] consonant.
In [[Social:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] the "y" represented the vowel [y] (ü) and not the semivowel [j] or the vowels [i] or [I].

==Byzantine Anatolian Themes (circa 1000 AD)==
[[File:Byzantine Empire Themata-950-en.svg|thumb|400px|[[Place:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] Anatolian Themata circa 950 A.D|alt=]]
[[File:Byzantine Empire Themes 1025-en.svg|thumb|400px|The ''themata'' of the East Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), at the death of Basil II in 1025.]]
The Themata were combined Military and Administrative divisions of the [[Place:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] (East Roman Empire) which replaced the Roman provincial system in the 7th-8th century and reached their height in the 9th and 10th centuries.
*Aegean Sea (was a naval theme which included the modern Greek islands of Lesbos, Chios and the Cyclades; the coastal areas of Troad and Mysia, as well as the Hellespont or modern day Dardanelles and the Gallipoli Peninsula. Main cities included Abydos (Hellespont), Cyzicus and Kallipolis).
*Anatolic Theme
*Armeniac Theme
*Bucellarian Theme
*Cappadocia (theme)
*Chaldia Theme
*Charsianon
*Cibyrrhaeot Theme
*Cyprus (theme) (the island could be included in [[Earth:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] or [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolia]], although not continental)
*Koloneia (theme)
*Lykandos
*Mesopotamia (theme)
*Opsikion
*Optimatoi
*Paphlagonia (theme)
*Iberia (which incorporated the historical region of [[Place:Phasiane (historical region)|Phasiane]])
*Samos (theme)
*Sebasteia (theme)
*Seleucia (theme)
*Thracesian Theme
Ducates or Catepanates (combined Military and Administrative divisions of the [[Place:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] (East Roman Empire) on border regions that included smaller Themata under the command of a Dux or Katepano)
*Ducate or Catepanate of Antioch
**Kilikia ([[Place:Cilicia|Cilicia]])
*Ducate or Catepanate of Chaldia
**Chaldia Theme
**Koloneia (theme)
*Ducate or Catepanate of Mesopotamia
**Melitene
**Mesopotamia (roughly matching East Melitene)
**Keltzine (on the western banks of the [[Place:Euphrates|Euphrates]], on the [[Earth:Anatolia|Anatolian]] side)
===Regions sometimes included in Anatolia===
*Euphrates Cities (Pareuphratídai Póleis) (roughly matching ancient Commagene and part of the Catepanate of Mesopotamia)

==See also==
*Neo-Hittite kingdoms

==External links==

[[Category:Regions of Asia]]

{{Sourceattribution|Ancient regions of Anatolia}}