View source for Place:Bakka, Lebanon

{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name          = Bakka
|other_name             = Beka, Bekka
|native_name            = بكّا 
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|settlement_type        = Village
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|subdivision_name       = {{Flag|Lebanon}}
|subdivision_type1      = Governorate
|subdivision_name1      = Beqaa Governorate
|subdivision_type2      = District
|subdivision_name2      = Rashaya District
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|area_total_km2           = 6.12
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|elevation_m            = 1480
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}}{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Aaqbe
|native_name =
|alternate_name = Akbeh, Aqbe, Akbe, Aqbeh
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = Lebanon
|map_alt = 
|map_size = 200
|location = {{convert|85|km|mi}} east of [[Place:Beirut|Beirut]]
|region = [[Place:Rashaya|Rashaya]]
|coordinates = {{coord|33.593334|35.924442|display=inline}}
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|cultures = [[History:Ancient Rome|Roman]]
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|condition = Ruins
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|public_access = Yes
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}}
'''Bakka''', '''Bekka''' or '''Beka'''  ({{lang-ar|بكّا}})   is a village and municipality situated {{convert|85|km|mi}} east of [[Place:Beirut|Beirut]] in the Rashaya District of the Beqaa Governorate in [[Place:Lebanon|Lebanon]].<ref name="KrenckerZschietzschmann1938c">{{cite book|author1=Daniel M. Krencker|author2=Willy Zschietzschmann|title=Römische Tempel in Syrien: nach Aufnahmen und Untersuchungen von Mitgliedern der Deutschen Baalbekexpedition 1901-1904, pp. 205-269 & pl, 83-116, Otto Puchstein, Bruno Schulz, Daniel Krencker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z68QAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=17 September 2012|year=1938|publisher=W. de Gruyter & Co.}}</ref><ref name="Kaizer2008">{{cite book|author=Ted Kaizer|title=The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East In the Hellenistic and Roman Periods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KgVD3WL0vAsC&pg=PA76|accessdate=20 September 2012|year=2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-16735-3|pages=76–}}</ref> The population of the village is Sunni.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Monthly - issue 91 |url=http://www.localiban.org/IMG/pdf/iiMOnthly-Municip-E91-Feb10.pdf |website=localiban |accessdate=25 December 2015 |page=7 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111732/http://www.localiban.org/IMG/pdf/iiMOnthly-Municip-E91-Feb10.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2016 }}</ref> 

==Wadi Bakka==
The '''Wadi Bakka''' or '''Wadi Bekka''' runs alongside the village. The [[Earth:Wadi|wadi]] was the scene of the '''Battle of Wadi Bakka''' where a [[Philosophy:Druze|Druze]] uprising was put down by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt during the 1838 Druze revolt.<ref name="Izzeddin1993">{{cite book|author=Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin|title=The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BprjrZzee5EC&pg=PA218|accessdate=20 September 2012|year=1993|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09705-6|pages=218–}}</ref>

==Roman temple==
There are the ruins of a Roman temple in the village that are included in a group of Temples of Mount Hermon.<ref>Tallon, Maurice., “Sanctuaires et itinéraires romains du. Chouf et du sud de la Béqa,” Mélanges de l'université Saint Joseph 43, pp. 233-50, 1967.</ref> George Taylor classified it as a prostylos temple and noted that the north and south walls remained standing and the podium floor had survived. The site has been heavily damaged by local construction of houses over the site. The temple featured an underground [[Engineering:Crypt|crypt]] that was accessible via one of the houses that had been built over it.<ref name="Taylor1971">{{cite book|author=George Taylor|title=The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Les temples romains au Liban; guide illustré|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ii8NAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=20 September 2012|year=1971|publisher=Dar el-Machreq Publishers}}</ref>

George Taylor divided up the Temples of Lebanon into three groups, one group of Temples of the Beqaa Valley lies north of the road from [[Place:Beirut|Beirut]] to [[Place:Damascus|Damascus]]. Second, there is the group in the area south of the same road, including the Wadi al-Taym and the western flank of Mount Hermon. Third, the group in the area west of a line drawn along the ridge of Mount Lebanon. There are relatively few temples along Lebanon's coastal plain. The Temples of Mount Hermon in Taylor's second group included Bakka and [[Place:Ain Harcha|Ain Harcha]], [[Place:Aaiha|Aaiha]], [[Place:Deir El Aachayer|Deir El Aachayer]], Dekweh, Yanta, [[Place:Hebbariye|Hebbariye]], Ain Libbaya, [[Place:Nebi Safa|Nebi Safa]], [[Place:Aaqbe|Aaqbe]], [[Place:Khirbet El-Knese|Khirbet El-Knese]], Mejdal Anjar, [[Place:Mdoukha|Mdoukha]].

Edward Robinson suggested that word ''bakka'' could have derived from the later [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]] meaning of ''crowd''. Others have linked it to the Hebrew word ''bikha'' meaning ''plain''.<ref name="(viscountess)1862">{{cite book|author=Emily Anne Beaufort Smythe Strangford (viscountess)|title=Egyptian sepulchres and Syrian shrines: including some stay in the Lebanon, at Palmyra, and in western Turkey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OMEYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA294|accessdate=20 September 2012|year=1862|publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts|pages=294–}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==External links==
*[http://localiban.org/spip.php?article4567 Bakka on Localiban]
*[http://almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/mot/photobase/mohafazat/BekaaRachaya.html#MT12JPEG0247 Photos of Roman temples in the Rashaya area on the American University of Beirut website]
*[http://www.discoverlebanon.com/en/panoramic_views/roman-temples-lebanon.php Roman Temples on discoverlebanon.com]
*[http://www.lebanon.com/tourism/bekka.htm Bekka Roman temple on www.lebanon.com]
*[http://www.geody.com/geospot.php?world=terra&ufi=-801183&alc=bkk  Bakka on Geody.com]
*[http://wikimapia.org/1904052/Bakka-municipality  Bakka municipality on Wikimapia]
{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}


[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]

{{Sourceattribution|Bakka, Lebanon}}