View source for Place:East Asia

{{Short description|Subregion of the Asian continent}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Infobox Continent
|title               = East Asia
|image               = East Asia (orthographic projection).svg
|area                = {{convert|11840000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}&nbsp;(3rd)
|population          = 1.6 billion (2023; 4th)
|density             = {{convert|141.9|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|GDP_nominal         = $24.8 trillion (2023)<ref name="IMF"/>
|GDP_PPP             = $44.7 trillion (2023)<ref name="IMF"/>
|GDP_per_capita      = $15,000 (nominal)<ref name="IMF"/>
|demonym             = East Asian
|countries           = {{collapsible list
| list_style = text-align:left;
| title = 6 countries<ref name="Kort 2005 7"/><ref name="RAND"/><ref name="DEU"/><ref name="NO"/>
| 1 = {{flag|China}}
| 2 = {{flag|Japan}}
| 3 = {{flag|Mongolia}}
| 4 = {{flag|North Korea}}
| 5 = {{flag|South Korea}}
| 6 = {{flag|Taiwan}}{{ref|Taiwan is a state with limited recognition. See Political status of Taiwan}}
}}
|dependencies         = {{collapsible list
| list_style = text-align:left;
| title = 2 autonomous dependencies
| 1 = {{HKG}} ({{wipe|China}})
| 2 = {{MAC}} ({{wipe|China}})
}}
|languages           = 
{{Plainlist|
* [[Social:Chinese language|Chinese]]
* [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]
* [[Social:Korean language|Korean]]
* [[Social:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
* [[Social:Tibetic languages|Tibetan]]
* Others
}} 
|time                = UTC+7, UTC+8 & UTC+9
|cities              = List of urban areas:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|website=Demographia.com|title = Demographia World Urban Areas|date = August 2023}}</ref><br>{{hlist|[[Place:Beijing|Beijing]] |Busan|Chengdu|Daegu|Guangzhou|Hangzhou|[[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]|Kaoshiung|[[Place:Macau|Macau]]|Nagoya|Nanjing|{{wipe|Osaka}}|[[Place:Seoul|Seoul]]|[[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]] |Shenzhen|[[Place:Taipei|Taipei]] |[[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]] |Yokohama}}
|m49 = <code>030</code> – Eastern Asia<br /><code>142</code> – [[Earth:Asia|Asia]]<br /><code>001</code> – [[Philosophy:World|World]]
}}
{{Chinese
| t = 東亞/東亞細亞
| s = 东亚/东亚细亚
| order = st
| p = Dōngyǎ/Dōngyà ''or'' Dōng Yǎxìyǎ/Dōng Yàxìyà
| w = Tung<sup>1</sup>-ya<sup>3</sup>
| j = dung1 aa3
| poj = Tang-a
| gan = Tung1 nga3
| wuu = ton<sup>平</sup> ia<sup>去</sup>
| h = dung<sup>24</sup> a<sup>31</sup>
| tib = ཨེ་ཤ་ཡ་ཤར་མ་
| mon = Зүүн Ази <br />{{MongolUnicode|ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢ}}
| monr = Dzuun Azi
| uig = شەرقىي ئاسىي
| kana = ひがしアジア/とうあ
| shinjitai = 東亜細亜（東アジア）/東亜
| kyujitai = 東亞細亞/東亞
| revhep = Higashi Ajia/Tō-A
| kunrei = Higasi Azia/Tou-A
| hanja = 東아시아/東亞細亞/東亞
| hangul = 동아시아/동아세아/동아
| rr = Dong Asia/Dong Asea/Dong A
| c = 
| mi = 
| ci = 
| altname = 
| uly = sherqiy asiy
}}

'''East Asia''' is a [[Earth:Region|region]] of [[Earth:Asia|Asia]], which is defined in both [[Earth:Geography|geographical]] and [[Social:Culture|ethno-cultural]] terms.<ref name="encarta-east-asia">{{cite web
 |url = http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861672714/East_Asia.html
 |title = East Asia
 |access-date = 2008-01-12
 |work = [[Software:Encarta|Encarta]]
 |publisher = Microsoft
 |quote = the countries and regions of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, Mongolia, South Korea, North Korea and Japan.
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091109184354/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861672714/East_Asia.html
 |archive-date=2009-11-09
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Modern East Asia: An Introductory History |last=Miller |first=David Y. |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-0765618221 |pages=xxi–xxiv }}</ref> The modern [[Earth:State (polity)|state]]s of East Asia include {{wipe|China}}, {{wipe|Japan}}, Mongolia, North Korea, {{wipe|South Korea}}, and Taiwan.<ref name="Kort 2005 7">{{cite book |title=The Handbook Of East Asia |last=Kort |first=Michael |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0761326724 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7] |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 }}</ref><ref name="RAND">{{cite web |title=East Asia |url=https://www.rand.org/topics/east-asia.html |website=rand.org |publisher=[[Organization:RAND Corporation|RAND Corporation]] |access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102093024/http://www.rand.org:80/topics/east-asia.html |archive-date=2011-01-02 }}</ref><ref name="DEU">{{cite web |title=Tasks of German foreign policy-East Asia |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/231800/756f9f7a0ea08ba707759d3b052e6682/konzeptostasien-data.pdf |website=auswaertiges-amt.de |publisher=German Federal Foreign Office |date= May 2002|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211219095024/https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blob/231800/756f9f7a0ea08ba707759d3b052e6682/konzeptostasien-data.pdf|archive-date=19 December 2021|access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NO">{{cite web |title=Countries of Asia |url=https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/asia.htm#East-Asia |website=nationsonline.org |publisher=Nations Online |access-date=12 August 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010701135048/http://www.nationsonline.org:80/oneworld/asia.htm |archive-date=2001-07-01 }}</ref><!--<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www1.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/world/asia/east_asia/default.htm |title=Country Profiles: East Asia |website=Children and Armed Conflict Unit at the University of Essex }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=East Asia |url = https://link.springer.com/journal/12140 |publisher=Springer Netherlands }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dictionary.com/browse/east-asia |title=East Asia |website=Dictionary.com }}</ref><ref name="encarta-east-asia"/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://asiasociety.org/china-korea-and-japan-forgiveness-and-mourning |title=China, Korea and Japan: Forgiveness and Mourning |last=Seybolt |first= Peter J.  |website=Center for Asian Studies |publisher=Center for Asian Studies }}</ref><ref name="Asian History Module Learning">{{cite book |title=Asian History Module Learning |publisher=Rex Bookstore Inc. |year= 2002 |isbn=978-9712331244 |page=186 }}</ref><ref name="Salkind 2008 56">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeduc00salk |url-access=limited |last=Salkind |first=Neil J. |publisher=Sage Publications |year=2008 |isbn = 978-1412916882 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeduc00salk/page/n85 56] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century |last=Holcombe |first= Charles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0521731645 |page = 3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-are-part-of-east-asia.html |title=Which Countries Are Part of East Asia?|last=Kiprop |first= Victor  |website=World Atlas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/sub-regions/east-asia/ |title=East Asia  |website=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wastewater Sludge |last =  Spinosa |first=Ludovico |publisher=Iwa Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-1843391425 |page=57 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Neoliberal Australia and US Imperialism in East Asia |last =  Paul |first=Erik |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-1137272775 |page=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Multicultural Approach |last =  Kim |first=Johnny |publisher= Sage Publications |year=2013 |isbn=978-1452256672 |page=55}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = East Asian Development Model: Twenty-first century perspectives |last= Shiping    |first= Hua |last2=Hu |first2= Amelia  |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-0415737272 |edition=1st |publication-date = 2014-12-09 |page=3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = The Global Prehistory of Human Migration |last=Ness  |first=Immanuel |last2= Bellwood |first2= Peter  |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2014 |isbn= 978-1118970591|edition=1st |publication-date = 2014-11-10 |page=217 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan |last =  Berman  |first=Evan M.  |publisher= CRC Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-1420051902 |page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = Sanitation, Latrines and Intestinal Parasites in Past Populations  |last=  Mitchell |first=Piers D. |publisher= Routledge|year=2015 |isbn=978-1472449078|page = 150}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = Christianities in Asia  |last=  Phan |first=Peter |publisher= Wiley-Blackwell|year=2010 |isbn= 978-1405160902|page = xxiii}}</ref>--> [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Place:Macau|Macau]], two small coastal cities located in the south of China, are autonomous regions under Chinese sovereignty. The economies of Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau are some of the world's largest and most prosperous economies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Asia in the 21st Century {{!}} Boundless World History |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/chapter/east-asia-in-the-21st-century/ |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> East Asia borders Siberia and the [[Place:Russian Far East|Russian Far East]] to the north, [[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]] to the south, [[Place:South Asia|South Asia]] to the southwest, and [[Place:Central Asia|Central Asia]] to the west. To the east is the [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] and to the southeast is [[Place:Micronesia|Micronesia]] (a Pacific Ocean island group that is classified as part of [[Earth:Oceania|Oceania]]).

East Asia, especially Chinese civilization, is regarded as one of the earliest [[Social:Cradle of civilization#China|cradles of civilization]]. Other ancient civilizations in East Asia that still exist as independent countries in the present day include the Japanese, Korean and [[History:History of Mongolia|Mongolian]] civilizations. Various other civilizations existed as independent polities in East Asia in the past but have since been absorbed into neighbouring civilizations in the present day, such as Tibet, Baiyue, Khitan, Manchuria, Ryukyu (Okinawa) and Ainu, among many others. Taiwan has a relatively young history in the region after the [[History:Prehistory of Taiwan|prehistoric era]]; originally, it was a major site of Austronesian civilization prior to colonisation by [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]an colonial powers and China from the 17th century onward.<!--<ref>{{cite book |title = Towards a Sustainable Asia: The Cultural Perspectives |url = https://archive.org/details/towardssustainab00libg_856 |url-access = limited |author = Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia |publisher=Springer |year=2012 |isbn= 978-3642166686 |page=[https://archive.org/details/towardssustainab00libg_856/page/n32 17] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia |last= Minahan |first= James B. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2014 |isbn=978-1610690171 |pages = xx–xxvi }}</ref>--> For thousands of years, China was the leading civilization in the region, exerting influence on its neighbours.<ref>{{Cite book |title = Relational, Networked and Collaborative Approaches to Public Diplomacy: The Connective Mindshift  |last1= Zaharna |first1= R.S. |last2=Arsenault  |first2= Amelia  |last3= Fisher |first3= Ali  |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0415636070 |edition=1st |publication-date = 2013-05-01 |page=93 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century |last= Holcombe |first=Charles |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1107544895 |page=13 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=A Companion to Chinese History |last=Szonyi |first=Michael  |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2017 |isbn=978-1118624609 |page = 90 }}</ref> Historically, societies in East Asia have fallen within the Chinese sphere of influence, and East Asian vocabularies and scripts are often derived from Classical Chinese and Chinese script. The Chinese calendar serves as the root from which many other East Asian calendars are derived.

Major religions in East Asia include Buddhism (mostly Mahayana),<ref>{{cite book |title = Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures  |last= Selin |first= Helaine |publisher= Springer|year=2010 |isbn=  978-9048162710|page = 350}}</ref> [[Philosophy:Confucianism|Confucianism]] and [[Philosophy:Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucianism]], [[Philosophy:Taoism|Taoism]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Laozi |title=Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way |last2=Mair |first2=Victor H. |publisher=Quality Paperback Book Club |year=1998 |isbn=9780965064750 |location=New York |pages=x |author-link2=Victor H. Mair}}</ref> [[Philosophy:Ancestor veneration in China|ancestral worship]], and [[Religion:Chinese folk religion|Chinese folk religion]] in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, [[Philosophy:Shinto|Shinto]] in Japan, and Christianity, and Musok in Korea.<ref name="Salkind 2008 56">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Educational Psychology |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeduc00salk |url-access=limited |last=Salkind |first=Neil J. |publisher=Sage Publications |year=2008 |isbn = 978-1412916882 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaeduc00salk/page/n85 56] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first = Chongho |last = Kim|title = Korean Shamanism: The Cultural Paradox|date = 2003|publisher = Ashgate |isbn = 9780754631859}}</ref><ref>Andreas Anangguru Yewangoe, "Theologia crucis in Asia", 1987 Rodopi</ref> [[Religion:Mongolian shamanism|Tengerism]] and Tibetan Buddhism are prevalent among Mongols and Tibetans while other religions such as Shamanism are widespread among the indigenous populations of northeastern China such as the Manchus.<ref>{{cite book|last = Heissig|first = Walther|date= 2000|page = 46|title = The Religions of Mongolia|translator-first = Geoffrey  |translator-last =Samuel|publisher = Kegan Paul International|isbn = 9780710306852}}</ref> Major languages in East Asia include [[Social:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]], [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]], and [[Social:Korean language|Korean]]. Major ethnic groups of East Asia include the Han (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan), Yamato (Japan) and Koreans (North Korea, South Korea). Mongols, although not as populous as the previous three ethnic groups, constitute the majority of Mongolia's population. There are 76 officially-recognized minority or indigenous ethnic groups in East Asia; 55 native to mainland China (including Hui, Manchus, Chinese Mongols, Tibetans, Uyghurs and Zhuang in the frontier regions), 16 native to the island of Taiwan (collectively known as Taiwanese indigenous peoples), one native to the major Japanese island of Hokkaido (the Ainu) and four native to Mongolia (Turkic peoples). Ryukyuan people are an unrecognized ethnic group indigenous to the Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan, which stretch from Kyushu Island (Japan) to Taiwan. There are also several unrecognized indigenous ethnic groups in mainland China and Taiwan.

East Asian people comprise around {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Eastern Asia}}|,||}}/1e9 round 1}} billion people, making up about 33% of the population in Continental Asia and 20% of the global population.<ref name="Spinosa 2007 57">{{cite book |title=Wastewater Sludge |last= Spinosa |first=Ludovico |publisher= Iwa Publishing |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-1843391425 |page=57}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1= Wang, Yuchen |author2= Lu Dongsheng |author3= Chung Yeun-Jun |author4 = Xu Shuhua |title = Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations |journal = Hereditas |volume= 155 |page = 19 |year=2018 |url= |doi = 10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5 |pmid= 29636655 |pmc= 5889524 |doi-access= free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yuchen |last2= Lu |first2=Dongsheng |last3=Chung |first3=Yeun-Jun |last4=Xu |first4=Shuhua |title=Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations |journal=Hereditas |volume=155  |page=19 |publication-date=April 6, 2018 |doi=10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5 |pmid=29636655 |pmc=5889524  |year=2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref>{{Update inline|date=August 2023}} The region is home to major world metropolises such as [[Place:Beijing|Beijing]], [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], {{wipe|Osaka}}, [[Place:Seoul|Seoul]], [[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]], Shenzhen, [[Place:Taipei|Taipei]] and [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]]. Although the coastal and riparian areas of the region form one of the world's most populated places, the population in Mongolia and Western China, both landlocked areas, is very sparsely distributed, with Mongolia having the lowest population density of a sovereign state. The overall [[Earth:Population density|population density]] of the region is {{convert|133|PD/km2}}, about three times the world average of {{convert|45|/km2|abbr=on}}.{{When|date=May 2020}}{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}}

==History==
China was the first region settled in East Asia and was undoubtedly the core of East Asian civilization from where other parts of East Asia were formed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Hugh Dyson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GBvRs-za0CIC&q=east+asia+history&pg=RA1-PR5|title=East Asia: A New History|date=2012-11-20|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4772-6517-8|language=en}}</ref> The various other regions in East Asia were selective in the Chinese influences they adopted into their local customs. Historian Ping-ti Ho famously labeled Chinese civilization as the "Cradle of Eastern Civilization", in parallel with the "[[Social:Cradle of civilization|Cradle of Middle Eastern Civilization]]" along the [[Place:Fertile Crescent|Fertile Crescent]] encompassing [[Place:Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]] and Ancient Egypt<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holcombe|first=Charles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYKlDQAAQBAJ&q=east+asia+history&pg=PA12|title=A History of East Asia|date=2017-01-11|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11873-7|language=en}}</ref> as well as the [[Social:Cradle of civilization|Cradle of Western Civilization]] encompassing {{wipe|Ancient Greece}}{{efn|See<ref name="EllynMcGinnis2004">{{cite book|author1=Maura Ellyn|author2=Maura McGinnis|title=Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N69iOTtVHGYC&pg=PT8|year=2004|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3999-2|page=8}}</ref><ref name="FindlingPelle2004">{{cite book|author1=John E. Findling|author2=Kimberly D. Pelle|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&pg=PR23|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32278-5|page=23}}</ref><ref name="ThompsonMullin">{{cite book|author1=Wayne C. Thompson|author2=Mark H. Mullin|title=Western Europe, 1983|year=1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=serMXIpALD0C|publisher=Stryker-Post Publications|page=337|isbn=9780943448114|quote=for ancient Greece was the cradle of Western culture  ...}}</ref><ref name="Copleston2003">{{cite book|author=Frederick Copleston|title=History of Philosophy Volume 1: Greece and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y08L-MC36JUC&pg=PA13|date=1 June 2003|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-6895-6|page=13|quote=Part I Pre-Socratic Philosophy Chapter II the Cradle of Western Thought: }}</ref><ref name="Iozzo2001">{{cite book|author=Mario Iozzo|title=Art and History of Greece: And Mount Athos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q51-HAiZQwMC&pg=PA7|year=2001|publisher=Casa Editrice Bonechi|isbn=978-88-8029-435-1|page=7|quote=The capital of Greece, one of the world's most glorious cities and the cradle of Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Melotti2011">{{cite book|author=Marxiano Melotti|title=The Plastic Venuses: Archaeological Tourism in Post-Modern Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgIrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|date=25 May 2011|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3028-7|page=188|quote=In short, Greece, despite having been the cradle of Western culture, was then an "other" space separate from the West.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Library Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFZVAAAAYAAJ|date=April 1972|publisher=Bowker|volume=97|page=1588|quote=Ancient Greece: Cradle of Western Culture (Series), disc. 6 strips with 3 discs, range: 44–60 fr., 17–18 min}}</ref><ref name="Burstein2002">{{cite book|author=Stanley Mayer Burstein|title=Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17xmAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Regina Books|isbn=978-1-930053-10-6|page=15|quote=and making Egypt play the same role in African education and culture that Athens and Greece do in Western culture.}}</ref><ref name="Jr.2015">{{cite book| author=Murray Milner Jr. |title=Elites: A General Model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvYlBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|date=8 January 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-7456-8950-0|page=62|quote=Greece has long been considered the seedbed or cradle of Western civilization.}}</ref><ref name="Aa.Vv.2011">{{cite book|title=Slavica viterbiensia 003: Periodico di letterature e culture slave della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne dell'Università della Tuscia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9fTPUTPPhkC&pg=PA148|date=10 November 2011|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|isbn=978-88-492-6909-3|page=148|quote=The Special Case of Greece The ancient Greece was a cradle of the Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Covert2011">{{cite book|author=Kim Covert|title=Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVMYJNvUiYkC&pg=PP5|date=1 July 2011|publisher=Capstone|isbn=978-1-4296-6831-6|page=5|quote=Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.}}</ref>}} and [[History:Ancient Rome|Ancient Rome]].{{efn|<ref>{{cite book|title=Rome: the cradle of western civilisation as illustrated by existing monuments |author=Henry Turner Inman |isbn=9781177738538 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Birth-Western-Civilisation-Greece-Rome/dp/B0013K3FW6 |title=The Birth Of Western Civilisation, Greece & Rome |author=Michael Ed. Grant |via=Amazon.co.uk |access-date=4 January 2016|publisher=Thames & Hudson |year=1964 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abebooks.com/9780500040034/Birth-Western-Civilization-Greece-Rome-0500040036/plp |title=9780500040034: The Birth of Western Civilization: Greece and Rome |author=HUXLEY, George |display-authors=0 |website=AbeBooks.com |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/AncientCities-bradford-1835 |title=Athens. Rome. Jerusalem and Vicinity. Peninsula of Mt. Sinai.: Geographicus Rare Antique Maps |website=Geographicus.com |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>}}

[[File:Mongols-map.png|thumb|alt=Map of Asia|left|Map showing the boundary of the 13th century Mongol Empire compared to today's Mongols]]

[[File:Carte Generale de l'Empire Chinois et du Japon.png|thumb|The Qing conquest of the Ming and expansion of the empire]]

[[File:East Asia and Oceania 1914-en.svg|thumb|Colonies and influence zones in East Asia and Oceania, circa 1914]]

Chinese civilization existed for about 1,500 years before other East Asian civilizations emerged into history, Imperial China would exert much of its cultural, economic, technological, and political muscle onto its neighbours.<ref name="Ball 2005 104">{{cite book |title = The Transformation of Security in the Asia/Pacific Region |last= Ball |first=Desmond |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=978-0714646619|page = 104}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=East Asia: A New History |last=Walker |first=Hugh Dyson |publisher=AuthorHouse  |year=2012 |page=119 }}</ref><ref name="Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld 2014 121">{{cite book |title=The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America |publisher=Penguin Press HC |author1=Amy Chua |author2 = Jed Rubenfeld |year=2014 |page=121 |isbn=978-1594205460 }}</ref><ref name="Kang 2012 33–34" /> Succeeding Chinese dynasties exerted enormous influence across East Asia culturally, economically, politically and militarily for over two millennia.<ref name="Kang 2012 33–34">{{Cite book |title=East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute |last=Kang |first=David C. |publisher=Columbia University Press  |year=2012 |isbn=978-0231153195 |pages=33–34}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=World History: Journeys from Past to Present |last1=Goucher |first1=Candice |last2=Walton |first2=Linda  |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-0415670029 |publication-date=September 11, 2012 |page=232 }}</ref><ref name="2000years">{{cite book|last1=Smolnikov|first1=Sergey|title=Great Power Conduct and Credibility in World Politics|year=2018|publisher=Springer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LJZDwAAQBAJ&q=pax+sinica+han+dynasty&pg=PA112|isbn=9783319718859}}</ref> The [[Philosophy:Tributary system of China|Imperial Chinese tributary system]] shaped much of East Asia's history for over two millennia due to Imperial China's economic and cultural influence over the region, and thus played a huge role in the history of East Asia in particular.<ref>{{cite book |title=Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Asia: From the Taiping Rebellion to the Vietnam War  |url=https://archive.org/details/dailylivescivili00lone  |url-access=limited  |last= Lone |first= Stewart |publisher=Greenwood |year=2007 |isbn=978-0313336843 |page = [https://archive.org/details/dailylivescivili00lone/page/n29 3] }}</ref><ref name="Warren I. Cohen 2000">{{cite book|author=Warren I. Cohen|title=East Asia at the Center : Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2000|isbn=0231101082}}</ref><ref name="Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld 2014 121" /> Imperial China's cultural preeminence not only led the country to become East Asia's first literate nation in the entire region, it also supplied Japan and Korea with Chinese loanwords and linguistic influences rooted in their writing systems.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Chinese |last=Norman |first=Jerry |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0521296533 |page=17 }}</ref>

Under Emperor Wu of Han, the Han dynasty made China the regional power in East Asia, projecting much of its imperial power on its neighbours.<ref name="Kang 2012 33–34"/><ref>{{cite book |title = East Asia at the Center : Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World |url = https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe |url-access = limited |last= Cohen |first=Warren |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0231101080|page = [https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe/page/n73 60]}}</ref> Han China hosted the largest unified population in East Asia, the most literate and urbanised as well as being the most economically developed, as well as the most technologically and culturally advanced civilization in the region at the time.<ref>{{cite book |title=Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance--and Why They Fall |last=Chua |first= Amy  |publisher=Anchor |year=2009 |isbn=978-1400077410 |page=62 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=East and Southeast Asia 2012 |last=Leibo |first=Steve |publisher=Stryker Post |year=2012 |isbn=978-1610488853 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781610488853/page/19 19] |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781610488853/page/19 }}</ref> Cultural and religious interaction between the Chinese and other regional East Asian dynasties and kingdoms occurred. China's impact and influence on Korea began with the Han dynasty's northeastern expansion in 108 BC when the Han Chinese conquered the northern part of the Korean peninsula and established a province called Lelang. Chinese influences were transmitted and soon took root in Korea through the inclusion of the Chinese writing system, monetary system, rice culture, philosophical schools of thought, and Confucian political institutions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and the West |last= Tsai |first= Henry |date = 2009-02-15 |publisher= Routledge |isbn = 978-0765623287 |page = 3 }}</ref> Jomon society in ancient Japan incorporated wet-rice cultivation and metallurgy through its contact with Korea. Starting from the fourth century AD, Japan incorporated the Chinese writing system which evolved into [[Social:Kanji|Kanji]] by the fifth century AD and has become a significant part of the Japanese writing system.<ref>{{cite book |title=Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective |last= Kshetry |first= Gopal |date = 2008 |publisher=Xlibris Corp |isbn = 978-1425770495 |page = 30 }}</ref> Utilizing the Chinese writing system allowed the Japanese to conduct their daily activities, maintain historical records and give form to various ideas, thoughts, and philosophies.<ref>{{cite book |title=Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective |last= Kshetry |first= Gopal |date = 2008 |publisher=Xlibris Corp |isbn = 978-1425770495 |page = 31 }}</ref> During the Tang dynasty, China exerted its greatest influence on East Asia as various aspects of Chinese culture spread to Japan and Korea.<ref name="lockard1999p2-3">{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig|date=1999|title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays|pages=2–3}}</ref><ref name="lockard1999p7">{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig|date=1999|title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays|pages=7}}</ref>
The establishment of the medieval Tang dynasty rekindled the impetus of Chinese expansionism across the geopolitical confines of East Asia. Similar to its Han predecessor, Tang China reasserted itself as the center of East Asian geopolitical influence during the early medieval period which spearheaded and marked another golden age in Chinese history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/dynasty-tang.cfm|title=Tang Dynasty – The Art of Asia – Chinese Dynasty Guide|website=archive.artsmia.org}}</ref> During the Tang dynasty, China exerted its greatest influence on East Asia as various aspects of Chinese culture spread to Japan and Korea.<ref name="lockard1999p2-3">{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig|date=1999|title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays|pages=2–3}}</ref><ref name="lockard1999p7">{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig|date=1999|title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays|pages=7}}</ref> In addition, Tang China also managed to maintain control over northern Vietnam and Korea.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&q=goguryeo+tang+war&pg=PA29|title=Korean History in Maps|first1=Lee|last1=Injae|first2=Owen|last2=Miller|first3=Park|last3=Jinhoon|first4=Yi|last4=Hyun-Hae|date=15 December 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107098466|via=Google Books}}</ref>

As full-fledged medieval East Asian states were established, Korea by the fourth century AD and Japan by the seventh century AD, Japan and Korea actively began to incorporate Chinese influences such as [[Philosophy:Confucianism|Confucianism]], the use of written Han characters, Chinese style architecture, state institutions, [[Philosophy:Chinese philosophy|political philosophies]], religion, urban planning, and various scientific and technological methods into their culture and society through direct contacts with Tang China and succeeding Chinese dynasties.<ref name="lockard1999p2-3" /><ref name= "lockard1999p7" /><ref>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Companion to Archaeology |last=Fagan |first=Brian M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1999 |isbn= 978-0195076189 |page=362 }}</ref> Drawing inspiration from the Tang political system, Prince Naka no oe launched the Taika Reform in 645 AD where he radically transformed Japan's political bureaucracy into a more centralised bureaucratic empire.<ref name="lockard1999p8">{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig |date= 1999 |title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays|pages=8}}</ref> The Japanese also adopted Mahayana Buddhism, Chinese style architecture, and the imperial court's rituals and ceremonies, including the orchestral music and state dances had Tang influences. Written Chinese gained prestige and aspects of Tang culture such as poetry, [[Social:Chinese calligraphy|calligraphy]], and landscape painting became widespread.<ref name="lockard1999p8" /> During the Nara period, Japan began to aggressively import Chinese culture and styles of government which included Confucian protocol that served as a foundation for Japanese culture as well as political and social philosophy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lockard|first=Craig A.|title=Societies Networks And Transitions: Volume B From 600 To 1750|year=2009|publisher=Wadsworth|isbn= 978-1-4390-8540-0 |pages=290–291}}</ref><ref name=Tang6>{{cite book|last1=Embree|first1=Ainslie|last2=Gluck|first2=Carol|title=Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=1997|url=https://archive.org/details/asiainwesternwor00ains|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/asiainwesternwor00ains/page/352 352]|quote=Japan culture tang dynasty.|isbn=9781563242656}}</ref> The Japanese also created laws adopted from the Chinese legal system that was used to govern in addition to the kimono, which was inspired from the Chinese robe (hanfu) during the eighth century AD.<ref>{{cite book |title= Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective |last= Kshetry |first= Gopal |date = 2008 |publisher=Xlibris Corp |isbn = 978-1425770495 |page = 32 }}</ref> For many centuries, most notably from the 7th to the 14th centuries, China stood as East Asia's most advanced civilization and foremost military and economic power, exerting its influence as the transmission of advanced Chinese cultural practices and ways of thinking greatly shaped the region up until the nineteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |title = China, Japan, Korea: Culture and Customs |last= Brown |first=John |publisher=Createspace Independent  |year=2006 |isbn=978-1419648939 |page = 33 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-02-13/life-chinas-asia |title=Life in China's Asia: What Regional Hegemony Would Look Like |last=Lind |first= Jennifer  |date=February 13, 2018 |journal=Foreign Affairs|issue=March/April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lockard|first=Craig|date=1999 |title=Tang Civilization and the Chinese Centuries|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/moerman/fall2000/edit/pdfs/wk5/tangci.pdf|journal=Encarta Historical Essays}}</ref><ref name="Ellington 2009 21">{{cite book |title=Japan |series=Nations in Focus|publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing USA |last=Ellington |isbn = 9781598841633 |first=Lucien |year=2009 |page=21 }}</ref>

As East Asia's connections with Europe and the Western world strengthened during the late nineteenth century, China's power began to decline.<ref name="Ball 2005 104"/><ref>{{cite book|author=John M. Roberts|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QZXvUhGwhAC|title=A Short History of the World|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=272|isbn=0-19-511504-X}}</ref> By the mid-nineteenth century, the weakening Qing dynasty became fraught with political corruption, obstacles and stagnation that was incapable of rejuvenating itself as a world power in contrast to the industrializing Imperial European colonial powers and a rapidly modernizing Japan.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Political Systems of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan |last=Hayes |first=Louis D  |publisher=Greenlight  |year=2009 |isbn=978-0765617866 |pages=xi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Political Systems of East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan |last=Hayes |first=Louis D  |publisher=Greenlight  |year=2009 |isbn=978-0765617866 |pages=15}}</ref> The U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry would open Japan to Western ways, and the country would expand in earnest after the 1860s.<ref name="Tindall 2009 926">{{Cite book |title=America: A Narrative History |last1= Tindall |first1=George Brown |last2=Shi  |first2= David E.  |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |year=2009 |isbn=978-0393934083 |edition=1st |publication-date=November 16, 2009 |page=926}}</ref><ref name="April 2007 163">{{Cite book |title=Diversity: New Realities in a Changing World |url=https://archive.org/details/diversitynewreal00apri |url-access=limited |last1= April |first1= K. |last2=Shockley |first2=M.  |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year= 2007  |isbn=978-0230001336 |publication-date=February 6, 2007 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/diversitynewreal00apri/page/n187 163]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title = East Asia at the Center : Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World |url = https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe |url-access = limited |last= Cohen |first=Warren |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0231101080|page = [https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe/page/n286 286] }}</ref> Around the same time, Japan with its rush to modernity transformed itself from an isolated feudal samurai state into East Asia's first industrialised nation in the modern era.<ref name="Batty 2005">{{cite video |title=Japan's War in Colour |date = 2005-01-17 |last=Batty  |first=David |type=documentary |publisher=TWI }}</ref><ref name="Asian History Module Learning">{{cite book |title=Asian History Module Learning |publisher=Rex Bookstore Inc. |year= 2002 |isbn=978-9712331244 |page=186 }}</ref><ref name="April 2007 163" /> The modern and militarily powerful Japan would galvanise its position in the Orient as East Asia's greatest power with a global mission poised to advance to lead the entire world.<ref name="Batty 2005"/><ref name="Goldman 2000 3">{{Cite book |title=Diversity: New Realities in a Changing World |last1= Goldman |first1= Merie |last2=Gordon |first2=Andrew  |publisher=Harvard University Press |year= 2000  |isbn=978-0674000971 |publication-date=August 15, 2000 |pages=3}}</ref> By the early 1900s, the [[Place:Empire of Japan|Japanese empire]] succeeded in asserting itself as East Asia's most dominant power.<ref name="Goldman 2000 3"/> With its newly found international status, Japan would begin to challenge the European colonial powers and inextricably took on a more active geopolitical position in East Asia and world affairs at large.<ref>{{cite book |title = East Asia at the Center : Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World |url = https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe |url-access = limited |last= Cohen |first=Warren |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0231101080|page = [https://archive.org/details/eastasiaatcenter00cohe/page/n273 273] }}</ref> Flexing its nascent political and military might, Japan soundly defeated the stagnant Qing dynasty during the First Sino-Japanese War as well as vanquishing imperial rival Russia in 1905; the first major military victory in the modern era of an East Asian power over a European one.<ref>{{Cite book |title = East Asian Development Model: Twenty-first century perspectives |last1= Shiping   |first1= Hua |last2=Hu |first2= Amelia  |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-0415737272 |edition=1st |publication-date = 2014-12-09 |pages=78–79}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = China's Rise and Regional Integration in East Asia: Hegemony or community? |last1=Lee |first1=Yong Wook |last2= Key |first2= Young Son  |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=  978-0313350825 |edition=1st |publication-date = March 14, 2014|page=45 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/546176/Sino-Japanese-War|title=Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.nakasendoway.com/the-japanese-economy/ |title = The Japanese Economy |website = Walk Japan |date = 2010-12-16 }}</ref><ref name="Tindall 2009 926"/> Its hegemony was the heart of an empire that would include Taiwan and Korea.<ref name="Batty 2005" /> During World War II, Japanese expansionism with its imperialist aspirations through the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere would incorporate Korea, Taiwan, much of eastern China and Manchuria, Hong Kong, and Southeast Asia under its control establishing itself as a maritime colonial power in East Asia.<ref>{{Cite book |title=America: A Narrative History |last1= Tindall |first1=George Brown |last2=Shi |first2= David E. |publisher= W. W. Norton & Company |year=2009 |isbn=978-0393934083 |edition=1st |publication-date=November 16, 2009 |page=1147 }}</ref> After a century of exploitation by the European and Japanese colonialists, post-colonial East Asia saw the defeat and occupation of Japan by the victorious Allies as well as the division of China and Korea during the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]]. The Korean peninsula became independent but then it was divided into two rival states, while Taiwan became the main territory of de facto state Republic of China after the latter lost Mainland China to the People's Republic of China in the Chinese Civil War. During the latter half of the twentieth century, the region would see the post war economic miracle of Japan, which ushered in three decades of unprecedented growth, only to experience an economic slowdown during the 1990s, but nonetheless Japan continues to remain a global economic power. East Asia would also see the economic rise of Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, in addition to the respective handovers of Hong Kong and Macau near the turn of the twentieth century. The onset of the 21st-century in East Asia led to the integration of Mainland China into the global economy through its entry in the World Trade Organization while also enhancing its emerging international status as a [[Unsolved:Potential superpowers#China|potential world power]] reinforced with its aim of restoring its historical established significance and enduring international prominence in the world economy.<ref name="Kort 2005 7"/><ref>{{Cite book |title= Encyclopedia of World Trade: From Ancient Times to the Present |last1= Northrup |first1= Cynthia Clark |last2= Bentley |first2= Jerry H. |last3= Eckes |first3= Alfred E. Jr. |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |isbn= 978-0765680587 |page= [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_d8h7/page/297 297] |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo0000unse_d8h7/page/297 }}</ref><ref name="Paul 2012 114">{{cite book |title=Neoliberal Australia and US Imperialism in East Asia |last =  Paul |first=Erik |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2012 |isbn=978-1137272775 |page=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Maddison|first=Angus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-JGGp2suQUC&q=angus+maddison|title=Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History|publisher=[[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-164758-1|page=379|author-link=Angus Maddison}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED460052&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED460052|title=China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. WBI Development Studies. World Bank Publications.|last1=Dahlman|first1=Carl J|last2=Aubert |first2=Jean-Eric|publisher=Institute of Education Sciences|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/Maddison98.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://piketty.pse.ens.fr/files/Maddison98.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Angus Maddison. Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run. Development Centre Studies. |page=29 |access-date=15 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YV2pvYI-OyEC&q=millennium+gdp+china|title=India and the Knowledge Economy: Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities|publisher=World Bank|page=131|isbn=9780821362082|date=2005-01-01}}</ref><ref>[http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED460052&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED460052 Dahlman, Carl J; Aubert, Jean-Eric. ''China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century'']. WBI Development Studies. [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]] publications. Accessed January 30, 2008.</ref><ref>Angus Maddison. [http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/product/4107091e.pdf ''Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015212817/http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/product/4107091e.pdf |date=2014-10-15 }}. Development Centre Studies. Accessed 2007. p.29 See the "Table 1.3. Levels of Chinese and European GDP Per Capita, 1–1700 AD" in page 29, Chinese GDP Per Capita was 450 and European GDP Per Capital was 422 in 960AD. Chinese GDP Per Capita was 600 while European was 576. During this time, Chinese per capita income rose by about a third.</ref> Despite the absence of armed conflicts in East Asia for decades, the stability of the region remains delicate due to the presence of North Korea's nuclear program and Chinese geopolitical encroachment and provocations occurring in Taiwanese waters. These tensions have emerged from the contentious relationship between Mainland China and Taiwan, as the former seeks to reunify with Mainland China while the latter strives to maintain its sovereign independence and preserve the prevailing geopolitical order.

==Definitions==
[[File:Central Asia borders4.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Three sets of possible boundaries for the Central Asia region that overlap with conceptions of East Asia<!--DO NOT REMOVE There is an overlap between the concepts of East Asia and Central Asia that needs to be illustrated here.-->]]

In common usage, the term "East Asia" typically refers to a region including [[Place:Greater China|Greater China]], {{wipe|Japan}}, [[Place:Korea|Korea]] and Mongolia.<ref name="Paul 2012 114" /><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.imb.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Introducing_EAP_Booklet_09_2016_10.pdf |title=Introducing East Asian Peoples |date=September 10, 2016 |website= International Mission Board}}</ref><ref>Gilbet Rozman (2004), ''Northeast asia's stunted regionalism: bilateral distrust in the shadow of globalization''. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-4</ref><ref>"[https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/09/us-technology-patents-idUSTRE7184CN20110209 Northeast Asia dominates patent filing growth]." Retrieved on August 8, 2001.</ref><ref>"[http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/schott1001-1.pdf Paper: Economic Integration in Northeast Asia]." Retrieved on August 8, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wastewater Sludge |last= Spinosa |first=Ludovico |publisher= Iwa Publishing |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-1843391425 |page= 57}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Multicultural Approach |last=Kim |first=Johnny S. |publisher=Sage Publications |year=2013 |isbn= 978-1452256672 |page=55 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = East Asian Development Model: Twenty-first century perspectives |last= Shiping   |first= Hua |last2=Hu |first2= Amelia  |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-0415737272 |edition=1st |publication-date = 2014-12-09 |page=3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = The Global Prehistory of Human Migration |last=Ness  |first=Immanuel |last2= Bellwood |first2= Peter |publisher= Wiley-Blackwell |year=2014 |isbn= 978-1118970591|edition=1st |publication-date = 2014-11-10 |page=217 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= The Handbook Of East Asia |last=Kort |first=Michael |publisher=21st Century |year=2003 |isbn= 978-0761326724 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7–9] |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 }}</ref>

{{wipe|China}}, {{wipe|Japan}}, and [[Place:Korea|Korea]] represent the three core countries and civilizations of traditional East Asia - as they once shared a common written language, culture, as well as sharing Confucian philosophical tenets and the Confucian societal value system once instituted by Imperial China.<ref name="Prescott 2015 3">{{Cite book |title = East Asia in the World: An Introduction |last=Prescott |first= Anne  |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0765643223 |pages =3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Economic Development in Twentieth-Century East Asia: The International Context  |last=Ikeo |first=Aiko  |publisher= Routledge |year=1996 |isbn=978-0415149006 |page=1 }}</ref><ref name="Yoshimatsu 2014 1">{{cite book |title=Comparing Institution-Building in East Asia: Power Politics, Governance, and Critical Junctures |last=Yoshimatsu |first=H.  |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2014 |isbn=978-1137370549 |page=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Routledge Handbook of Memory and Reconciliation in East Asia |last= Kim |first= Mikyoung |publisher= Routledge  |year=2015 |isbn= 978-0415835138 }}</ref><ref name="Hazen 2005 1">{{cite book |title=Building Area Studies Collections |last= Hazen |first= Dan |last2=Spohrer  |first2=James H. |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |year=2005 |isbn=978-3447055123 |publication-date =  2005-12-31 |page=130 }}</ref> Other usages define Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Taiwan as countries that constitute East Asia based on their geographic proximity as well as historical and modern cultural and economic ties, particularly with Japan and Korea having strong cultural influences that originated from China.<ref name="Prescott 2015 3"/><ref name="Hazen 2005 1" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Economic Development: A Regional, Institutional, and Historical Approach |last=Grabowski |first=Richard  |last2=Self |first2=Sharmistha |last3=Shields  |first3=William |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn= 978-0765633538 |edition=2nd |publication-date=September 25, 2012 |page=59 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.bluebackglobal.com/east-asia-market-overview/ |title=East Asia is the World's Largest Economy at $29.6 Trillion USD, Including 4 of the Top 25 Countries Globally |last= Ng  |first=Arden |website=Blueback }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Through the Eyes of the Pack  |last=Currie |first=Lorenzo  |publisher=Xlibris Corp |year= 2013 |isbn=978-1493145171 |page = 163 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Handbook for Asian Studies Specialists: A Guide to Research Materials and Collection Building Tools |last= Asato |first= Noriko |publisher= Libraries Unlimited |year=2013 |isbn=978-1598848427 |page=1 }}</ref> Some scholars include Vietnam as part of East Asia as it has been considered part of the greater Chinese sphere of influence. Though Confucianism continues to play an important role in Vietnamese culture, Chinese characters are no longer used in its written language and many scholarly organizations classify Vietnam as a Southeast Asian country.<ref name="Prescott 2015 6">{{Cite book |title = East Asia in the World: An Introduction |last=Prescott |first= Anne  |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-0765643223 |pages =6}}</ref><ref name="Miller 2007 xi">{{cite book |title=Modern East Asia: An Introductory History |last=Miller |first=David Y. |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=978-0765618221 |page=xi }}</ref><ref name="afe.easia.columbia.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/main_pop/kpct/ct_china.htm|title=Central Themes for a Unit on China {{!}} Central Themes and Key Points {{!}} Asia for Educators {{!}} Columbia University|website=afe.easia.columbia.edu|access-date=2018-12-01}} "Within the Pacific region, China is potentially a major economic and political force. Its relations with Japan, Korea, and its Southeast Asian neighbors, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines, will be determined by how they perceive this power will be used."</ref> Mongolia is geographically north of Mainland China yet Confucianism and the Chinese writing system and culture had limited impact on Mongolian society. Thus, Mongolia is sometimes grouped with Central Asian countries such as Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.<ref name="Prescott 2015 6"/><ref name="Miller 2007 xi" /> [[Place:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] (East Turkestan) and [[Place:Tibet|Tibet]] are sometimes seen as part of Central Asia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cummings |first1=Sally N. |title=Understanding Central Asia: Politics and Contested Transformations |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-43319-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRafuiRUJaMC&q=humboldt+central+asia+definition&pg=PT28 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Saez |first1=Lawrence |title=The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): An emerging collaboration architecture |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-67108-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTzKWI42uR4C&q=humboldt+central+asia+Afghanistan&pg=PA35 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cornell |first1=Svante E. |title=Modernization and Regional Cooperation in Central Asia: A New Spring? |publisher=Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and the Silk Road Studies |url=http://silkroadstudies.org/resources/1811CA-Regional.pdf}}</ref>

Broader and looser definitions by international agencies and organisations such as the [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]] refer to East Asia as the "three major Northeast Asian economies, i.e. {{wipe|China}}, Japan, and {{wipe|South Korea}}", as well as Mongolia, North Korea, the [[Place:Russian Far East|Russian Far East]], and Siberia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Integration of Markets vs. Integration by Agreements|first1=Nathalie|last1=Aminian|first2=K.C.|last2=Fung|first3=Francis|last3=Ng|work=Policy Research Working Paper|number=4546|publisher=[[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]] |url = http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/03/04/000158349_20080304084358/Rendered/PDF/wps4546.pdf }}</ref> The [[Organization:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]] includes the Russia Far East, Mongolia, and Nepal.<ref name="Northeast Asia">{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/region/478/northeast_asia.html|title=Northeast Asia|publisher=[[Organization:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]]|access-date=August 10, 2009}}</ref> The World Bank also acknowledges the roles of Chinese special administrative regions [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Place:Macau|Macau]], as well as Taiwan, a country with limited recognition. The Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia defines the region as "China, Japan, the Koreas, Nepal, Mongolia, and eastern regions of the {{wipe|Russia}}".<ref>{{cite book|title=Japan and Russia in Northeast Asia: Partners in the 21st Century|author=Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=1999|page=248}}</ref>

[[File:Map_of_East_Asia.png|thumb|upright=1.15|The countries of East Asia also form the core of Northeast Asia, which itself is a broader region.]]
[[File:East Asia map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|East Asia map of Köppen climate classification]]
[[File:UN Asia Geoscheme.png|thumb|The list of geographic regions presents the composition of geographical regions used by the Statistics Division in its publications and databases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Methodology |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> [[UNSD]] geoscheme for Asia based on statistic convenience rather than implying any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories:<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url = http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |title=United Nations Statistics Division – Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |publisher=United Nations Statistics Division |access-date=2010-07-24 |date =  2015-05-06 }}</ref>
{{legend|#0000E0|[[Place:North Asia|North Asia]]}}
{{legend|#E000E0|[[Place:Central Asia|Central Asia]]}}
{{legend|#00E000|[[Place:Western Asia|Western Asia]]}}
{{legend|#E00000|[[Place:South Asia|South Asia]]}}
{{legend|#FFFF20|'''East Asia'''}}
{{legend|#FFC000|[[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]}}]]
The UNSD definition of East Asia is based on statistical convenience,<ref name="auto" /> but others commonly use the same definition of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan.<ref name=encarta-east-asia/><ref name="UN regions">{{cite web |title = Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings |publisher = United Nations Statistics Division |date = 11 February 2013 |url = http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |access-date = 28 May 2013 }}</ref>

Certain Japanese islands are associated with Oceania due to non-continental geology, distance from mainland Asia or biogeographical similarities with [[Place:Micronesia|Micronesia]].<ref name="realm">{{cite book |last1=Todd |first1=Ian |title=Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama |date=1974 |publisher=Angus & Robertson |page=190 |isbn=9780207127618 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific |access-date=2 February 2022 |quote=[we] can further define the word ''culture'' to mean ''language''. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non - Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish - Latin - American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures.}}</ref><ref name="class">{{cite web |last1=Udvardy |first1=Miklos D.F. |title=A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World |url=https://fnad.org/Documentos/A%20Classification%20of%20the%20Biogeographical%20Provinces%20of%20the%20World%20Miklos%20D.F.%20Udvardy.pdf |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=7 March 2022 |archive-date=18 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131430/http://www.fnad.org/Documentos/A%20Classification%20of%20the%20Biogeographical%20Provinces%20of%20the%20World%20Miklos%20D.F.%20Udvardy.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some groups, such as the [[Organization:World Health Organization|World Health Organization]], categorize China, Japan and Korea with Australia and the rest of Oceania. The World Health Organization label this region the "Western Pacific", with East Asia not being used in their concept of major world regions. Their definition of this region further includes Mongolia and the adjacent area of Cambodia, as well as the countries of the South East Asia Archipelago (excluding East Timor and Indonesia).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Countries-and-areas-in-WHOs-Western-Pacific-Region_fig1_256404088 |title=IMAGE: Countries and areas in WHO's Western Pacific Region  |via=[[Company:ResearchGate|ResearchGate]]}}</ref>

=== Alternative definitions ===
In business and economics, "East Asia" is sometimes used to refer to the geographical area covering ten [[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]n countries in [[Organization:ASEAN|ASEAN]], [[Place:Greater China|Greater China]], Japan and Korea. However, in this context, the term "Far East" is used by the Europeans to cover ASEAN countries and the countries in East Asia. However, being a Eurocentric term, [[Place:Far East|Far East]] describes the region's geographical position in relation to Europe rather than its location within Asia. Alternatively, the term "[[Earth:Asia-Pacific|Asia Pacific Region]]" is often used in describing East Asia, Southeast Asia as well as [[Earth:Oceania|Oceania]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} On rare occasion, the term is also sometimes taken to include {{wipe|India}} and other South Asian countries not within the bounds of the Pacific, although the term [[Earth:Indo-Pacific|Indo-Pacific]] is more commonly used for such a definition.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/forget-asia-pacific-it-s-the-indo-pacific-we-live-in-now-where-is-that-exactly-20210810-p58hku.html | title=Forget Asia-Pacific, it's Indo-Pacific now. Where is that? | date=15 September 2021 }}</ref>

Observers preferring a broader definition of "East Asia" often use the term [[Place:Northeast Asia|Northeast Asia]] to refer to China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, with [[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]] covering the ten [[Organization:ASEAN|ASEAN]] countries. This usage, which is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical meanings of both "East Asia" and "Northeast Asia".<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher M. Dent|year=2008|title=East Asian regionalism|url=https://archive.org/details/eastasianregiona00dent|url-access=limited|publisher=London: Routledge|pages=[https://archive.org/details/eastasianregiona00dent/page/n22 1]–8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Charles Harvie|author2=Fukunari Kimura|author3=Hyun-Hoon Lee|year=2005|title=New East Asian regionalism|location=Cheltenham and Northamton|publisher=Edward Elgar|pages=3–6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Peter J. Katzenstein|author2=Takashi Shiraishi|year=2006|title=Beyond Japan: the dynamics of East Asian regionalism|location=Ithaca|publisher=Cornell University Press|pages=1–33}}</ref> The [[Organization:Council on Foreign Relations|Council on Foreign Relations]] of the United States defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea.<ref name="Northeast Asia"/>

==Economy==
{{Main|Place:Economy of East Asia}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!class="unsortable" | [[Finance:Customs territory|Customs territory]]
! data-sort-type="number" | [[Finance:List of countries by GDP (nominal)|GDP nominal]]<br />billions of USD (2023)<ref name="IMF">{{Cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=PPPGDP,&sy=2021&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |access-date=2023-10-25 |publisher=[[Organization:International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]] |language=en}}</ref>
! data-sort-type="number" | GDP nominal per capita<br />USD (2023)<ref name="IMF"/>
! data-sort-type="number" | GDP PPP<br />billions of USD (2023)<ref name="IMF"/>
! data-sort-type="number" | GDP PPP per capita<br />USD (2023)<ref name="IMF"/>
|-
| {{PRC}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 17,700,899
| style="text-align:right;" | 12,541
| style="text-align:right;" | 32,897,929
| style="text-align:right;" | 23,309
|-
| {{HKG}}{{efn|Listed as "Hong Kong SAR" by IMF}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 385,546
| style="text-align:right;" | 51,168
| style="text-align:right;" | 548,999
| style="text-align:right;" | 72,861
|-
| {{MAC}}{{efn|Listed as "Macao SAR" by IMF}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 38,480
| style="text-align:right;" | 54,296
| style="text-align:right;" | 69,565
| style="text-align:right;" | 98,157
|-
| {{JPN}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 4,230,862
| style="text-align:right;" | 33,950
| style="text-align:right;" | 6,495,214
| style="text-align:right;" | 52,120
|-
| {{MNG}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 18,782
| style="text-align:right;" | 5,348
| style="text-align:right;" | 52,989
| style="text-align:right;" | 15,088
|-
| {{PRK}}
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
|-
| {{KOR}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,709,232
| style="text-align:right;" | 33,147
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,924,189
| style="text-align:right;" | 56,709
|-
| {{TWN}}{{efn|Listed as "Taiwan, Province of China" by IMF}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 751,930
| style="text-align:right;" | 32,339
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,685,358
| style="text-align:right;" | 72,485
|-
! East Asia
! $24,835,731
! $15,068
! $44,674,243
! $27,104
|}

==Territorial and regional data==
China, North Korea, South Korea and Taiwan are all unrecognised by at least one other East Asian state because of severe ongoing [[Social:War|political tensions]] in the region, specifically the division of Korea and the political status of Taiwan.

===Etymology===
{| class=wikitable
! rowspan=2 | Flag !! colspan=2 | Common Name !! colspan=2 | Official name !! colspan=4 | ISO 3166 Country Codes<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html |title=Country codes |website=iso.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[Social:Exonym and endonym|Exonym]] !! [[Social:Exonym and endonym|Endonym]] !! [[Social:Exonym and endonym|Exonym]] !! [[Social:Exonym and endonym|Endonym]] !! ISO Short Name !! Alpha-2 Code !! Alpha-3 Code !! Numeric
|-
| {{flagdeco|CHN}} || {{wipe|China}} || align=center | {{lang|zh-cn|中国}} || People's Republic of China || {{lang|zh-cn|中华人民共和国}} || China || CN || CHN || 156
|-
| {{flagdeco|HKG}} || [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] || align=center | {{lang|zh|香港}} || Hong Kong Special Administrative Region<br />of the People's Republic of China || {{lang|zh-hk|中華人民共和國香港特別行政區}} || Hong Kong || HK || HKG || 344
|-
| {{flagdeco|MAC}} || [[Place:Macau|Macau]] || align=center | {{lang|zh-hk|澳門}} || Macao Special Administrative Region<br />of the People's Republic of China || {{lang|zh-hk|中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區}} || Macao || MO || MAC || 446
|-
| {{flagdeco|JPN}} || {{wipe|Japan}} || align=center | {{lang|ja|日本}} || Japan || {{lang|ja|日本国}} || Japan || JP || JPN || 392
|-
| {{flagdeco|MNG}} || Mongolia || align=center | {{lang|mn|Монгол улс / {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ<br />ᠤᠯᠤᠰ}}}} || Mongolia || {{lang|mn|Монгол Улс}} ({{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ<br />ᠤᠯᠤᠰ}})|| Mongolia || MN || MNG || 496
|-
| {{flagdeco|PRK}} || North Korea || align=center | {{lang|ko|조선}} || Democratic People's Republic of Korea || {{lang|ko|조선민주주의인민공화국}} || Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of) || KP || PRK || 408
|-
| {{flagdeco|KOR}} || {{wipe|South Korea}} || align=center | {{lang|ko|한국}} || Republic of Korea || {{lang|ko|대한민국}} || Korea (the Republic of) || KR || KOR || 410
|-
| {{flagdeco|TWN}} || Taiwan{{efn|From 1949 to 1971, the ROC was referred as "China" or "Nationalist China".}} || align=center | {{lang|zh-tw|臺灣 / 台灣}} || Republic of China || {{lang|zh-tw|中華民國}} || Taiwan<ref name=":0" />|| TW || TWN || 158
|}

== Demographics ==
[[File:Eastern Asia population pyramid 2023.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of East Asia in 2023]]
[[File:China ethnolinguistic 1967.jpg|thumb|Historical distribution map of linguistic groups in China]]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! class="unsortable" | State/Territory
! Area km<sup>2</sup>
! Population in
thousands (2023){{UN_Population|ref}}
!% of East Asia
!% of World
! Population density <br /> per km<sup>2</sup>
! HDI<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update|title={{!}} Human Development Reports|website=www.hdr.undp.org|date=January 2018 |language=en|access-date=2018-10-14}}</ref>
! class="unsortable" | Capital/Administrative Centre
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|PRC|name=China}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 9,640,011{{efn|Includes all area which under PRC's government control {{citation needed span|(excluding "South Tibet" and disputed islands).|date=November 2021}}}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,425,671{{efn|name=un-twn|A note by the United Nations: "For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China, and Taiwan Province of China."{{UN_Population|ref}} 
}}
|85.76%
|17.72%
| style="text-align:right;" | 138
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.768
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Beijing|Beijing]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{HKG}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,104
| style="text-align:right;" | 7,492
|0.45%
|0.093%
| style="text-align:right;" | 6,390
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.952
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{MAC}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
| style="text-align:right;" | 704
|0.042%
|0.0087%
| style="text-align:right;" | 18,662
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.922
| style="text-align:left;" | Macao
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{JPN}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 377,930
| style="text-align:right;" | 123,295
|7.42%
|1.53%
| style="text-align:right;" | 337
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.925
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{MNG}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,564,100
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,447
|0.2%
|0.042%
| style="text-align:right;" | 2
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.739
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Ulaanbaatar|Ulaanbaatar]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{PRK}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 120,538
| style="text-align:right;" | 26,161
|1.57%
|0.33%
| style="text-align:right;" | 198
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.733{{Citation needed|reason=Please cite the relevant source to the data acquired.|date=February 2023}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Pyongyang|Pyongyang]]{{efn|Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the DPRK from 1948 to 1972.}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{KOR}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 100,210
| style="text-align:right;" | 51,784
|3.11%
|0.64%
| style="text-align:right;" | 500
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.925
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Seoul|Seoul]]
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{TWN}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 36,197
| style="text-align:right;" | 23,923
|1.44%
|0.297%
| style="text-align:right;" | 639
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.926
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Place:Taipei|Taipei]]{{efn|Taipei is the ROC's seat of government by a decree thus making it the de facto capital. There is no official capital appointed by the ROC constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/2359865 |title=Taipei is Republic of China's capital, minister said |author=Tseng Ying-yu, Sofia Wu |website=Central News Agency |date=4 December 2013 |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920015224/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/2359865 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |title=Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government" |date=4 December 2013 |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101013333/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=gov>{{cite web |url=https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php |title=2020-2021 TAIWAN at a glance |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan) |date=2021 |access-date=31 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117020655/https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php |archive-date=17 November 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}
|-
!East Asia
!11,840,000
!1,662,477
!'''100%'''
!'''20.66%'''
!141
!{{Increase}}0.861 (''<span style="color:green">very high</span>'')
|}

===Ethnic groups===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! class="unsortable" | Ethnicity
! class="unsortable" | Native name
! Population
! class="unsortable" | Language(s)
! class="unsortable" | Writing system(s)
! class="unsortable" | Major states/territories*
! class="unsortable" | Traditional attire
|-
| Han/Chinese
| {{lang|zh-hant|漢族}} or {{lang|zh-hans|汉族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,313,345,856<ref name="ciastat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html |title=CIA Factbook |access-date=2018-03-17 |archive-date=2016-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013030611/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[Social:Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[Social:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Social:Min Chinese|Min]], [[Social:Wu Chinese|Wu]], [[Social:Yue Chinese|Yue]], [[Social:Jin Chinese|Jin]], Gan, [[Social:Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], [[Social:Xiang Chinese|Xiang]], [[Social:Huizhou Chinese|Huizhou]], [[Social:Pinghua|Pinghua]], etc.)
| Simplified Han characters, Traditional Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|TWN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}}
| [[File:Hanfu Man and lady.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Yamato/Japanese
| {{lang|ja|大和民族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 125,117,000<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.stat.go.jp/data/jinsui/pdf/201612.pdf | script-title =ja:人口推計 – 平成 28年 12月 報 | work = stat.go.jp}}</ref>
| [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]
| Han characters ([[Social:Kanji|Kanji]]), Katakana, Hiragana
| {{flagicon|JPN}}
| [[File:Shinto married couple.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Korean
| {{lang|ko-kp|조선민족 (朝鮮民族)}} <br /> {{lang|ko-kr|한민족 (韓民族)}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 84,790,105<ref>[https://jumin.mois.go.kr/ 주민등록 인구통계]</ref><ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Korea North|access-date=8 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|accessdate=1 February 2022|date=2021|location=South Korea|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|title=재외동포현황/Total number of overseas Koreans|url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/www/wpge/m_21509/contents.do}}</ref>
| [[Social:Korean language|Korean]]
| Hangul, Han characters ([[Social:Hanja|Hanja]])
| {{flagicon|ROK}} {{flagicon|PRK}} 
| [[File:Hanbok (female and male).jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Bai
| {{lang|zh|白族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 2,091,543<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=China Statistical Yearbook 2021 |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2021/indexee.htm}}</ref>
| [[Social:Bai language|Bai]], Southwestern Mandarin
| Simplified Han characters, Latin script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Bai 5.JPG|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Hui
| {{lang|zh|回族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 11,377,914<ref name=":1" />
| Northwestern Mandarin, other Chinese Dialects, Huihui language, etc.
| Simplified Han characters{{efn|The Hui people also use the Arabic alphabet in the religious field.}}
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Mongols
| {{lang|mn|Монголчууд}} {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ}} <br />Монгол/{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 8,942,528
| [[Social:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
| Mongol script, [[Social:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic script]]
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MGL}} {{flagicon|RUS}}
| [[File:Mongolian Musician.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Zhuang
| {{lang|zh-hans|壮族}}/{{lang|za|Bouxcuengh}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 19,568,546<ref name=":1" />
| [[Social:Zhuang languages|Zhuang]], Southwestern Mandarin, etc.
| Simplified Han characters, Latin script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Zhuang's beautiful maiden in Chongzuo Fusui.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Uyghurs
| {{lang|zh|维吾尔族}}/ئۇيغۇر
| style="text-align:right;"| 11,774,538<ref name=":1" />
| [[Social:Uyghur language|Uyghur]]
| Arabic alphabet, Latin script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}{{efn|The Khotons also in {{flagicon|MGL}}.}}
| [[File:Uyghur-elders-sunday-market-Kashgar.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Manchus
| {{lang|zh-hans|满族}}/{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 10,423,303<ref name=":1" />
| Northeastern Mandarin, [[Social:Manchu language|Manchu language]]
| Simplified Han characters, Mongol script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}{{flagicon|TWN}}
| [[File:Akšan.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Hmong/Miao
| {{lang|zh|苗族}}/Ghaob Xongb/Hmub/Mongb
| style="text-align:right;" | 11,067,929<ref name=":1" />
| [[Social:Hmong language|Hmong/Miao]], Southwestern Mandarin
| Latin script, Simplified Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:贵州黔东南苗族女性（a Miao woman in Qiandongnan，Guizhou）.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Tibetans
| {{lang|zh|藏族}}/{{bo-textonly|བོད་པ་}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 7,060,731<ref name=":1" />
| Tibetan, Rgyal Rong, Rgu, etc.
| Tibetan script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:People of Tibet46.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Yi
| {{lang|zh|彝族}}/{{lang|ii|ꆈꌠ}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 9,830,327<ref name=":1" />
| Various [[Social:Loloish languages|Loloish]], Southwestern Mandarin
| Yi script, Simplified Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Ethnic Yi China Costume.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Tujia
| {{lang|zh|土家族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 9,587,732<ref name=":1" />
| [[Social:Tujia language|Northern Tujia]], Southern Tujia
| Simplified Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Tujia women.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Kam
| {{lang|zh|侗族}}/Gaeml
| style="text-align:right;" | 3,495,993<ref name=":1" />
| [[Social:Kam language|Gaeml]]
| Simplified Han characters, Latin script
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Ethic Dong Liping Guizhou China.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Tu
| {{lang|zh|土族}}/Monguor
| style="text-align:right;" | 289,565
| [[Social:Monguor language|Tu]], Northwestern Mandarin
| Simplified Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}}
| [[File:Nadun Picture 1.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Daur
| {{lang|zh-hans|达斡尔族}}/{{MongolUnicode|ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 131,992
| [[Social:Daur language|Daur]], Northeastern Mandarin
| Mongol script, Simplified Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MGL}}
| [[File:Daur woman smiling.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Indigenous Taiwanese Peoples
| {{lang|zh|臺灣原住民}}/ {{lang|zh-cn|高山族}}/ {{lang|ami|Yincomin}}/ {{lang|pwn|Kasetaivang}}/ {{lang|pyu|Inanuwayan}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 533,600
| [[Social:Austronesian languages|Austronesian languages]] (Amis, Yami), etc.
| Latin script, Traditional Han characters
| {{flagicon|CHN}}{{flagicon|TWN}}
|
[[File:Tao1.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Ryukyuan
| {{lang|ryu|琉球民族}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 1,900,000
| [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]]<br />Ryukyuan
| Han characters ([[Social:Kanji|Kanji]]), Katakana, Hiragana
| {{flagicon|JPN}}
| [[File:Five men wearing Ryukyuan Dress.JPG|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|-
| Ainu
| {{lang|ain|アイヌ}}/ {{lang|ain|Aynu}}/ {{lang|ain|Айну}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 200,000
| [[Social:Japanese language|Japanese]] <br /> [[Social:Ainu languages|Ainu]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Gordon |editor-first=Raymond G. Jr. |year=2005 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=15th |location=Dallas |publisher=SIL International |isbn=978-1-55671-159-6 |oclc=224749653}}</ref>
| Han characters ([[Social:Kanji|Kanji]]), Katakana, Hiragana
| {{flagicon|JPN}} 
| [[File:AinuSan.jpg|upright=0.45|frameless]]
|}

* Note: The order of states/territories follows the population ranking of each ethnicity, within East Asia only.

==East Asian culture==

===Overview===
The culture of East Asia has largely been [[Social:Sinicization|influence]]d by China, as it was the civilization that had the most dominant influence in the region throughout the ages that ultimately laid the foundation for East Asian civilization.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Asia Civilizations: Ancient to 1800 AD |last= Lim |first= SK |publisher=ASIAPAC |isbn=978-9812295941 |page=56|date= 2011-11-01 }}</ref> The vast knowledge and ingenuity of Chinese civilization and the classics of Chinese literature and culture were seen as the foundations for a civilized life in East Asia. Imperial China served as a vehicle through which the adoption of Confucian ethical philosophy, Chinese calendar system, political and legal systems, architectural style, diet, terminology, institutions, religious beliefs, [[Social:Imperial examination#East|imperial examination]]s that emphasised a knowledge of Chinese classics, political philosophy and cultural value systems, as well as historically sharing a common writing system reflected in the histories of Japan and Korea.<ref name="Goscha 2016">{{Cite book |title=The Penguin History of Modern Vietnam: A History |last= Goscha |first= Christopher |publisher= Allen Lane |year=2016 |isbn= 978-1846143106}}</ref><ref name="Kang 2012 33–34"/><ref>{{cite book | title=The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America | publisher=Penguin Press HC |author1 = Amy Chua |author2 = Jed Rubenfeld | year=2014 |page=122 |isbn=978-1594205460}}</ref><ref name="Walker 2012 2">{{cite book |title=East Asia: A New History |last=Walker |first=Hugh Dyson |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2012 |page=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=China's Cosmopolitan Empire: The Tang Dynasty |last=Lewis |first=Mark Edward |publisher=Belknap Press |year=2012 |isbn= 978-0674064010 |publication-date=April 9, 2012 |page=156}}</ref><ref name="Reischauer">{{Cite journal |jstor = 20038053|title = The Sinic World in Perspective|journal = Foreign Affairs|volume = 52|issue = 2|pages = 341–348|last1 = Reischauer|first1 = Edwin O.|year = 1974|doi = 10.2307/20038053}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Asia Civilizations: Ancient to 1800 AD |last= Lim |first= SK |publisher=ASIAPAC |isbn=978-9812295941 |page=89|date= 2011-11-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Redesigning Asian Business: In the Aftermath of Crisis |last= Richter |first=Frank-Jurgen |publisher=Quorum Books |year=2002 |isbn=978-1567205251 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="Hazen 2005 1"/> The Imperial Chinese tributary system was the bedrock of network of trade and foreign relations between China and its East Asian tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs during the ancient and medieval eras. Through the tributary system, the various dynasties of Imperial China facilitated frequent economic and cultural exchange that influenced the cultures of Japan and Korea and drew them into a [[Social:Sinocentrism|Chinese international order]].<ref name="Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld 2014 121–122">{{cite book | title=The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America |publisher=Penguin Press HC |author1 = Amy Chua |author2 = Jed Rubenfeld |year=2014 |pages=121–122 |isbn=978-1594205460}}</ref> The Imperial Chinese tributary system shaped much of East Asia's foreign policy and trade for over two millennia due to Imperial China's economic and cultural dominance over the region, and thus played a huge role in the history of East Asia in particular.<ref name="Warren I. Cohen 2000"/><ref name="Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld 2014 121–122"/> The relationship between China and its cultural influence on East Asia has been compared to the historical influence of Greco-Roman civilization on [[Earth:Europe|Europe]] and the [[Social:Western culture|Western World]].<ref name="Reischauer"/><ref name="Walker 2012 2"/><ref name="Amy Chua, Jed Rubenfeld 2014 121–122"/><ref name="Goscha 2016"/>

===Religions===

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in East Asia (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050|website=www.pewforum.org|date=2 April 2015|access-date=2020-10-18|archive-date=2019-12-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|label1 = Folk Religion
|value1 = 52.10
|color1 = Gold
|label2 = Buddhism
|value2 = 19.65
|color2 = Red
|label3 = [[Religion:Irreligion|No Religion]]
|value3 = 19.62
|color3 = Grey
|label4 = [[Religion:Christianity|Christianity]]
|value4 = 5.56
|color4 = DodgerBlue
|label5 = [[Religion:Islam|Islam]]
|value5 = 1.57
|color5 = Green
|label7 = Other
|value7 = 1.44
|color7 = Chartreuse
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! class="unsortable" | Religion
! class="unsortable" | Native name
!Creator/Current Leader
!Founded Time
! class="unsortable" | Main Denomination
! class="unsortable" | Major book
! class="unsortable" | Type
! Est. Followers
! class="unsortable" | Ethnic groups
! class="unsortable" | States/territories
|-
| [[Religion:Chinese folk religion|Chinese folk religion]]
| {{lang|zh-hant|中國民間信仰}} or {{lang|zh-hant|中国民间信仰}}
|Spontaneous formation
|Prehistoric period
|Salvationist, Wuism, Nuo
| [[Philosophy:Chinese classics|Chinese classics]], [[Philosophy:Huangdi Sijing|Huangdi Sijing]], [[Religion:Baojuan|precious scrolls]], etc.
| Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism
| style="text-align:right;" | ~900,000,000<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wenzel-Teuber |first=Katharina |year=2012 |title=People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011 |journal=Religions & Christianity in Today's China |volume=II |number=3 |pages=29–54 |url=http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2012-3/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf |issn=2192-9289 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427151725/http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2012-3/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2017}}</ref><ref name=CZ20172>{{cite journal |last=Wenzel-Teuber |first=Katharina |year=2017 |title=Statistics on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China – Update for the Year 2016 |journal=Religions & Christianity in Today's China |volume=VII |number=2 |pages=26–53 |url=http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2017-2/RCTC_2017-2.26-53_Wenzel-Teuber__Statistics_on_Religions_and_Churches_in_the_PRC_%E2%80%93_Update_for_the_Year_2016.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722112103/http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/downloads/rctc/2017-2/RCTC_2017-2.26-53_Wenzel-Teuber__Statistics_on_Religions_and_Churches_in_the_PRC_%E2%80%93_Update_for_the_Year_2016.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>
| Han, [[Religion:Miao folk religion|Hmong]], Qiang, Tujia (worship of the same ancestor-gods)
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| [[Philosophy:Taoism|Taoism]]
| {{lang|zh|道教}}
|All religions originating in East Asia have been heavily influenced by Taoism and the ''Tao Te Ching''.<ref name=":2" />
Zhang Daoling, was considered the founder of Taoism by Taoists. He founded Zhengyi, the earliest denomination of Taoism. Zhang Daoling reformed the Chinese folk religion from Sichuan, into a real, organised, and regulated religion, in 125 AD.

[[Biography:Wang Chongyang|Wang Chongyang]] founded the Quanzhen Denomination. Tale says Wang Chongyang met two Gods, Lü Dongbin and Han Zhongli, during Jin dynasty (1115–1234) in 1159. He then get started to study Taoism himself. Three years later, he finished his studying, and founded Quanzhen. The new leader of Zhengyi need to be the son or paternal nephew of the previous leader, confirmed by the court of Zhengyi, in [[Religion:Mount Longhu|Mount Longhu]], Jiangxi. Also beginning from the Song dynasty, the leaders of Zhengyi get started to be confirmed and titled by the Emperor of China. In 1949, the 63rd leader, Zhang Enfu, fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Kuomintang, died in 1969 in Taipei. The Kuomintang Authority titled his cousin Zhang Yuanxian as the 64th leader, while the Court of Zhengyi back in Jiangxi argued that the oracle already foreseen the leadership will end at the 63rd generation. Zhang Yuanxian died in 2008, only left a daughter as heir. Meanwhile, the Kuomintang Authority did not confirmed the next leader. On the other hand, in Mainland China, Zhang Enfu's second daughter's son, Lu Jintao, changes his surname to Zhang, and get in charge of the Court of Zhengyi currently. For the leader of Quanzhen, the last (18th) leader (1335-1362) was Wanyan Deming, titled by the Emperor of Yuan dynasty. Wanyan Deming was a Jurchen Taoist, the Wanyan family was the imperial house of Jin dynasty. There is no official leader of Quanzhen after Wanyan Deming anymore.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
|125 AD Eastern Han dynasty{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
| Zhengyi, Quanzhen
| [[Philosophy:Tao Te Ching|Tao Te Ching]]
| Pantheism, polytheism
| style="text-align:right;" | ~20,000,000<ref name="CZ20172"/>
| Han, Zhuang, Hmong, Yao, Qiang, Tujia
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| East Asian Buddhism/Chinese Buddhism
| {{lang|zh-hant|漢傳佛教}} or {{lang|zh-hans|汉传佛教}}
|The Emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty, Liu Zhuang, made a dream about the Buddha occasionally, then sent people to the [[Place:Western Regions|Western Regions]] to Introduce Buddhism to the Capital, Chang'an, in 67 AD. In 384 AD, during the Eastern Jin dynasty, Indian Mālānanda introduced the Chinese Buddhism to Baekje. In 552 AD, King Seong of Baekje offered Buddhism to the Emperor Kinmei of Japan.{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
|67 AD Eastern Han dynasty
| Mahayana
| Diamond Sutra
| Non-God, Dualism.
| style="text-align:right;" | ~300,000,000
| Han, Koreans, Yamato 
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Tibetan Buddhism
| {{lang|zh-hans|藏传佛教}}/{{bo-textonly|བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན།}}
|[[Biography:Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche|Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche]], Prince of the Ancient Xang Xung Kingdom. 
|1800 years ago
| Mahayana, Bon
| [[Unsolved:Anuttarayoga Tantra|Anuttarayoga Tantra]]
| Non-God
| style="text-align:right;" | ~10,000,000
| Tibetans, Manchus, Mongols
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MNG}}
|-
| [[Unsolved:Shamanism|Shamanism]]{{efn|almost Manchu, [[Religion:Mongolian shamanism|Mongolian]]}} 
| {{lang|zh-hans|萨满教}} or {{lang|mn|Бөө мөргөл}}
|Spontaneous formation
|Prehistoric period
| 
| N/A
| Prehistoric, polytheism, and pantheism
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| Manchus, Mongols, Oroqens
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MNG}}
|-
| [[Philosophy:Shinto|Shinto]]
| {{lang|zh|神道}}
|Spontaneous formation
|Yayoi period<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardacre |first=Helen |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947145263 |title=Shinto : a history |date=2017 |isbn=978-0-19-062171-1 |location=New York |pages=18 |oclc=947145263 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>
| [[Religion:Shinto sects and schools|Shinto sects]]
| [[Religion:Kojiki|Kojiki]], [[Religion:Nihon Shoki|Nihon Shoki]]
| Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| Yamato
| {{flagicon|JPN}}
|-
| Musok/Muism
| {{lang|ko|신도}} or {{lang|ko|무교}}
|Spontaneous formation
| Musok sects
| N/A
| Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| Koreans
| {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
|-
| Ryukyuan religion
| {{lang|ja|琉球神道}} or {{lang|ja|ニライカナイ信仰}}
|Spontaneous formation
|N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism
| style="text-align:right;" | N/A
| Ryukyuans
| {{flagicon|JPN}} ({{flagicon|Okinawa}})
|}

===Festivals===
{| class="wikitable"
! Festival
! Native Name
! Other name
! Calendar
! Date
! [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] date
! Activity
! Religious practices
! Food
! Major ethnicities
! Major states/territories
|-
| [[Place:Chinese New Year|Chinese New Year]]
| {{lang|zh-hant|農曆新年}}/{{lang|zh-hans|农历新年}} or {{lang|zh-hant|春節}}/{{lang|zh-hans|春节}}
| Spring Festival
| Chinese
| Month 1 Day 1
| 21 Jan–20 Feb
| Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Fireworks
| Worship the King of Gods
| Nian gao
| Han, Manchus etc.
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|MNG}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Korean New Year
| {{lang|ko|설날}} or {{lang|ko|설}}
| Seollal
| Korean
| Month 1 Day 1
| 21 Jan–20 Feb
| Ancestors Worship, Family Reunion, Tomb Sweeping
| N/A
| Tteokguk
| Koreans
| {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
|-
| Losar or Tsagaan Sar
| {{lang|zh|藏历新年}}/{{bo-textonly|ལོ་གསར་}} or {{lang|zh|查干萨日}}/{{lang|mn|Цагаан сар}}
| White Moon
| Tibetan, Mongolian
| Month 1 Day 1
| 25 Jan – 2 Mar
| Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Fireworks
| N/A
| Chhaang or Buuz
| Tibetans, Mongols, Tu etc.
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MNG}}
|-
| New Year
| {{lang|zh|元旦}}
| Yuan Dan
| Gregorian
| 1 Jan
| 1 Jan
| Fireworks
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|MNG}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Lantern Festival
| {{lang|zh-hant|元宵節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|元宵节}}
| Upper Yuan Festival ({{lang|zh-hans|上元节}})
| Chinese
| Month 1 Day 15
| 4 Feb – 6 Mar
| Lanterns Expo, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping
| Birthdate of the God of Sky-officer
| Yuanxiao
| Han
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Daeboreum
| {{lang|ko|대보름}} or {{lang|ko|정월 대보름}}
| Great Full Moon
| Korean
| Month 1 Day 15
| 4 Feb – 6 Mar 
| Greeting of the moon, kite-flying, Jwibulnori, eating [[Biology:Nut (fruit)|nuts]] (Bureom)
| Bonfires (daljip taeugi)
| Ogok-bap, namul, nuts
| Korean
| {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
|-
|Hanshi Festival
|{{lang|zh-hant|寒食節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|寒食节}}
| Cold Food Festival
| Solar term
| Traditionally, on the 105th day after the [[Astronomy:Winter solstice|Winter solstice]]. Revised to 1 day before the Qingming Festival by Johann Adam Schall von Bell (Chinese: {{zhi|c=汤若望}}) during the Qing dynasty.
| April 3–5
| Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, No cooking hot meal/setting fire, Cold food only. Cuju, etc. (People used to mix this one with the Qingming Festival due to their close dates)
| In Memory of a loyal Ancient named Jie Zhitui (Chinese: {{zhi|c=介子推}}), ordered by the Monarch of the Jin (Chinese state), Duke Wen of Jin (Chinese: {{zhi|c=重耳}})
| Cold Food, e.g. Qingtuan
| Han, Koreans, Mongols
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
|Qingming Festival
|{{lang|zh-hant|清明節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|清明节}} or Ханш нээх
|Tomb Sweeping Day
|Solar term
|15th day after the [[Astronomy:March equinox|Vernal Equinox]]. Just 1 day after the Hanshi Festival, but in much higher repute.
|April 4-6th
|Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Excursion, Planting trees, Flying kites, Tug of war, Cuju, etc. (Almost the same with the Hanshi Festival's, due to their close dates)
|Burning [[Philosophy:Hell money|Hell money]] for deceased family members. Planting willow branches to keep ghosts away from houses.
|Boiled eggs
|Han, Koreans, Mongols
|{{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}}{{flagicon|MNG}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Dragon Boat Festival
| {{lang|zh-hant|端午節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|端午节}} or {{lang|ko|단오}}
| Duanwu Festival / Dano (Surit-nal)
| Chinese / Korean
| Month 5 Day 5
|
| Driving poisons & plague away. (China - Dragon Boat Race, Wearing coloured lines, Hanging felon herb on the front door.) / (Korea - Washing hair with iris water, ssireum) 
| Worship various Gods
| Zongzi / Surichwitteok (rice cake with herbs)
| Han, Koreans, Yamato
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| [[Unsolved:Ghost Festival|Ghost Festival]]
| {{lang|zh-hant|中元節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|中元节}} or {{lang|ko|백중}}
| Mid Yuan Festival
| Chinese
| Month 7 Day 15
|
| Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping
| Birthdate of the God of Earth-officer
|
| Han, Koreans, Yamato
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| [[Place:Mid-Autumn Festival|Mid-Autumn Festival]]
| {{lang|zh-hant|中秋節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|中秋节}}
| {{lang|zh|中秋祭}}
| Chinese
| Month 8 Day 15
|
| Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon view
| Worship the Moon Goddess
| [[Astronomy:Mooncake|Mooncake]]
| Han
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Chuseok
| {{lang|ko|추석}} or {{lang|ko|한가위}}
| Hangawi
| Korean
| Month 8 Day 15
|
| Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Enjoying Moon view
| N/A
| Songpyeon, Torantang (Taro soup)
|  Koreans
| {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} 
|-
| Tsukimi
| {{lang|ja|月見}} or {{lang|ja|お月見}}
| Tsukimi or Otsukimi
| Gregorian
| Month 8 Day 15
|
| Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon view
| Worship the Moon
| Tsukimi Dango, Sweet Potato
|  Yamato
| {{flagicon|JPN}} <sup>*</sup>
|-
| Double Ninth Festival
| {{lang|zh-hant|重陽節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|重阳节}}
| Double Positive Festival
| Chinese
| Month 9 Day 09
|
| Climbing Mountain, Taking care of elderly, Wearing Cornus.
| Worship various Gods
|
| Han, Korean, Yamato
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}<sup>*</sup>
|-
| Lower Yuan Festival
| {{lang|zh-hant|下元節}} or {{lang|zh-hans|下元节}}
| N/A
| Chinese
| Month 10 Day 15
|
| Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping
| Birthdate of the God of Water-officer
| Ciba
| Han
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|-
| Dongzhi Festival
| {{lang|zh|冬至}} or {{lang|ko|동지}} or {{lang|ja|冬至}}
| N/A 
| Gregorian
| Between Dec 21 and Dec 23
| Between Dec 21 and Dec 23
| Ancestors Worship, Rites to dispel bad spirits
| N/A 
| Tangyuan, Patjuk, Zenzai, Kabocha
| Han, Koreans, Yamato
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|PRK}} {{flagicon|KOR}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|TWN}} 
|-
| Small New Year
| {{lang|zh|小年}}
| Jizao ({{lang|zh|祭灶}})
| Chinese
| Month 12 Day 23
|
| Cleaning Houses
| Worship the God of Hearth
| tanggua
| Han, Mongols
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}} {{flagicon|MNG}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
|}
	
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Japan switched the date to the [[Gregorian calendar]] after the Meiji Restoration.
<br>
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Not always on that Gregorian date, sometimes April 4.

==Collaboration==
===East Asian Youth Games===
Formerly the East Asian Games, it is a multi-sport event organized by the East Asian Games Association (EAGA) and held every four years since 2019 among athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

It is one of five Regional Games of the OCA. The others are the Central Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), the South Asian Games and the West Asian Games.

===Free trade agreements===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name of agreement
! Parties
! Leaders at the time
! Negotiation begins
! Signing date
! Starting time
! Current status
|-
| China–South Korea FTA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
| [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]], Park Geun-hye
| May, 2012
| Jun 01, 2015
| Dec 30, 2015
| Enforced
|-
| China–Japan–South Korea FTA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
| [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]], Shinzō Abe, Park Geun-hye
| Mar 26, 2013
| N/A
| N/A
| 10 round negotiation
|-
| Japan-Mongolia EPA
| {{flagicon|JPN}} {{flagicon|MNG}}
| Shinzō Abe, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Feb 10, 2015
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Enforced
|-
| China-Mongolia FTA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MNG}}
| [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]], Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
| Officially proposed
|-
| China-HK CEPA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|HKG}}
| Jiang Zemin, Tung Chee-hwa
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Jun 29, 2003
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Enforced
|-
| China-Macau CEPA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|MAC}}
| Jiang Zemin, Edmund Ho Hau-wah
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Oct 18, 2003
| <nowiki>-</nowiki>
| Enforced
|-
| Hong Kong-Macau CEPA
| {{flagicon|HKG}} {{flagicon|MAC}}
| Carrie Lam, Fernando Chui
| Oct 09, 2015
| N/A
| N/A
| Negotiating
|-
| ECFA
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
| Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou
| Jan 26, 2010
| Jun 29, 2010
| Aug 17, 2010
| Enforced
|-
| CSSTA (Based on ECFA)
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
| [[Biography:Xi Jinping|Xi Jinping]], Ma Ying-jeou
| Mar, 2011
| Jun 21, 2013
| N/A
| Abolished
|-
| CSGTA (Based on ECFA)
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|TWN}}
| Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou
| Feb 22, 2011
| N/A
| N/A
| Suspended
|}

===Military alliances===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Parties within the region
|-
| Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty
| {{flagicon|CHN}} {{flagicon|PRK}}
|-
| Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan
| {{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|JPN}}
|-
| Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea
| {{flagicon|USA}} {{flagicon|KOR}}
|}

==Major cities==
{{Largest population centres
| name         = Largest urban areas of East Asia
| country      = East Asia
| stat_ref     = <ref name="UN-World-Cities-2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|title=The World's Cities in 2016|last=United Nations|date=March 12, 2017|website=United Nations}}</ref><ref name="korea1">{{cite web|url=http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/jsp/stat/ppl_stat_jf.jsp|script-title=ko:통계표명 : 주민등록 인구통계|publisher=Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs|language=ko|access-date=4 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110303195830/http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/jsp/stat/ppl_stat_jf.jsp|archive-date=3 March 2011}}</ref>
| list_by_pop  = <!-- link to the list of cities in the given country, if possible sorted by population -->
| div_name     = Country
| div_link     = <!-- the template will automatically create a link for "div_name of country" (e.g. Provinces of Chile), if this doesn't work you can use this field -->
| city_1 = Tokyo| div_1 = Japan| pop_1 = 38,140,000| img_1 = Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg
| city_2 = Seoul| div_2 = South Korea| pop_2 = 25,520,000| img_2 = Seoul (South Korea).jpg
| city_3 = Shanghai| div_3 = China| pop_3 = 24,484,000| img_3 = 
| city_4 = Beijing| div_4 = China| pop_4 = 21,240,000| img_4 = Beijing Sunset2.jpg
| city_5 = Osaka| div_5 = Japan| pop_5 = 20,337,000
| city_6 = Chongqing| div_6 = China| pop_6 =  13,744,000
| city_7 = Guangzhou| div_7 = China| pop_7 = 13,070,000
| city_8 = Tianjin| div_8 = China| pop_8 =  11,558,000
| city_9 = Shenzhen| div_9 = China| pop_9 = 10,828,000
| city_10 = Chengdu| div_10 = China| pop_10 =  10,104,000
}}
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="110" perrow="3">
File:Tokyo Station City (234809375).jpeg|[[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]] is the capital of Japan and the world's largest city, both in metropolitan population and economy.
File:Beijing Guomao CBD.jpg|[[Place:Beijing|Beijing]] is the capital of China. It has a history for over 3300 years.
File:Namdaemun-ro, Seoul.jpg|[[Place:Seoul|Seoul]] is the capital of South Korea.
File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg|{{wipe|Osaka}} is the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan.
File:Guangzhou Night.jpg|Guangzhou is one of the most important economic centers in southern China.
File:Nagoya Night View.jpg|Nagoya is the third-largest metropolitan area in Japan. Nagoya is a major port city and the location of [[Company:Lexus|Lexus]] headquarters.
File:Kyoto, Japan (Unsplash UIN-pFfJ7c).jpg|[[Place:Kyoto|Kyoto]] was the imperial capital of Japan for eleven centuries.
File:UB downtown.jpg|[[Place:Ulaanbaatar|Ulaanbaatar]] is the capital of Mongolia, with a population of 1.6 million as of 2021.
File:Hong Kong Night view from Victoria Peak.jpg|[[Place:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] is one of the [[Finance:Financial centre|global financial centres]] and is known as a cosmopolitan metropolis.
File:Pyongyang City - Ryugyong Hotel in Background (13913572409).jpg|[[Place:Pyongyang|Pyongyang]] is the capital of North Korea, and a major city on the Korean Peninsula.
File:Xi'an Gulou.jpg|Xi'an or Chang'an is the oldest of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China.
File:Pass over Eastern Asia to Philippine Sea and Guam.ogv|Pass of the ISS over Mongolia, looking out west towards the Pacific Ocean, China, and Japan. As the video progresses, major cities along the Chinese coast and the Japanese islands on the Philippine Sea are visible. The island of Guam can be seen further down the pass into the Philippine Sea, and the pass ends just to the east of New Zealand.
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Geography|Asia|China|Hong Kong|Japan|North Korea|South Korea|Taiwan
}}
<!-- {{main|Outline of East Asia|Index of East Asia-related articles}} -->
* East Asia–United States relations
* [[Finance:East Asian Community|East Asian Community]]
* [[Social:East Asian languages|East Asian languages]]
* China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
* East Asia Summit
* East Asian studies
* [[Place:East Asian cultural sphere|East Asian cultural sphere]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Church, Peter. ''A short history of South-East Asia'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2017).
* Chung, Eunbin. ''Pride, Not Prejudice: National Identity as a Pacifying Force in East Asia'' (University of Michigan Press, 2022) [https://issforum.org/to/jrt14-14 online reviews by six scholars]
* Clyde, Paul H., and Burton F. Beers. ''The Far East: A History of Western Impacts and Eastern Responses, 1830–1975'' (1975) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283180 online 3rd edition 1958]
* Crofts, Alfred. ''A history of the Far East'' (1958) [https://archive.org/details/historyoffareast0000crof online free to borrow]
* Dennett, Tyler. ''Americans in Eastern Asia'' (1922) [https://archive.org/details/americansineast01denngoog/page/n644 online free]
* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Anne Walthall. ''East Asia: A cultural, social, and political history'' (Cengage Learning, 2013).
* Embree, Ainslie T., ed. ''Encyclopedia of Asian history'' (1988) 
**[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0003unse/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 1 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0002unse/page/n5/mode/2up vol 2 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0003unse_l9c1/page/n5/mode/2up vol 3 online]; [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas0000embr vol 4 online]
* Fairbank, John K., Edwin Reischauer, and Albert M. Craig. ''East Asia: The great tradition'' and ''East Asia: The modern transformation'' (1960) [2 vol 1960] [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28Reischauer%2C%20Fairbank%2C%29 online free to borrow], famous textbook.
* Flynn, Matthew J. ''China Contested: Western Powers in East Asia'' (2006), for secondary schools
* Gelber, Harry. ''The dragon and the foreign devils: China and the world, 1100 BC to the present'' (2011).
* Green, Michael J. ''By more than providence: grand strategy and American power in the Asia Pacific since 1783'' (2017) a major scholarly survey [https://www.amazon.com/More-Than-Providence-American-East-Relations/dp/0231180438/ excerpt]
* Hall, D.G.E. ''History of South East Asia'' (Macmillan International Higher Education, 1981).
* Holcombe, Charles. ''A History of East Asia'' (2d ed. Cambridge UP, 2017). [https://www.amazon.com/History-East-Asia-Civilization-Twenty-First/dp/1107544890/  excerpt]
* Iriye, Akira. ''After Imperialism; The Search for a New Order in the Far East 1921–1931.'' (1965).
* Jensen, Richard, Jon Davidann, and Yoneyuki Sugita, eds. ''Trans-Pacific Relations: America, Europe, and Asia in the Twentieth Century'' (Praeger, 2003), 304 pp [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/trans-pacific-relations-america-europe-and-asia-in-the-twentieth-century-edited-by-jensenrichard-and-davidannjonsugitayoneyuki-westport-conn-praeger-2003-xvi-304-pp-6995-cloth/22A4DB3E0B917B3AE00A780351F3B775 online review]
* Keay, John. ''Empire's End: A History of the Far East from High Colonialism to Hong Kong'' (Scribner, 1997). [https://archive.org/details/empiresendhistor00keay online free to borrow]
* Levinson, David, and Karen Christensen, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Modern Asia''. (6 vol. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002).
* Mackerras, Colin. ''Eastern Asia: an introductory history'' (Melbourne: Longman Cheshire, 1992).
* Macnair, Harley F. & Donald Lach. ''Modern Far Eastern International Relations.'' (2nd ed 1955) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125746 1950 edition online free], 780pp; focus on 1900–1950.
* Miller, David Y. ''Modern East Asia: An Introductory History'' (Routledge, 2007) 
* Murphey, Rhoads. ''East Asia: A New History'' (1996)
* Norman, Henry. ''The Peoples and Politics of the Far East: Travels and studies in the British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonies, Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, Siam and Malaya'' (1904) [https://archive.org/details/peoplesandpolit05normgoog online]
* Paine, S. C. M. ''The Wars for Asia, 1911–1949'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/Wars-Asia-1911-1949-S-Paine/dp/1107697476/ excerpt]
* Prescott, Anne. ''East Asia in the World: An Introduction'' (Routledge, 2015) 
* Ring, George C. ''Religions of the Far East: Their History to the Present Day'' (Kessinger Publishing, 2006).
* Szpilman, Christopher W. A., Sven Saaler. "Japan and Asia" in ''Routledge Handbook of Modern Japanese History'' (2017) [https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315746678.ch3 online]
* Steiger, G. Nye. ''A history of the Far East'' (1936).
* Vinacke, Harold M. ''A History of the Far East in Modern Times'' (1964) [https://archive.org/download/dli.bengal.10689.12563/10689.12563_text.pdf online free]
* Vogel, Ezra. ''China and Japan: Facing History'' (2019) [https://www.amazon.com/China-Japan-Ezra-F-Vogel/dp/0674916573/  excerpt]
* Woodcock, George. ''The British in the Far East'' (1969) [https://archive.org/details/britishinfareast0000wood online]

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|East Asia}}
<!-- -->
* [http://www.welt-atlas.de/datenbank/karten/karte-0-9016.gif High resolution map of East Asian region]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = East Asia
| North = [[Place:North Asia|North Asia]]
| Northeast = [[Place:North Asia|North Asia]]<br />[[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]
| East = [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]
| Southeast = South China Sea
| South = [[Place:South Asia|South Asia]]<br />[[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]
| Southwest = [[Place:South Asia|South Asia]]
| West = [[Place:Central Asia|Central Asia]]
| Northwest = [[Place:North Asia|North Asia]]<br />[[Place:Central Asia|Central Asia]]
}}

[[Category:East Asia| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Asia]]
[[Category:Asia-Pacific]]

{{Sourceattribution|East Asia}}