View source for Place:Kebara Cave

{{Short description|Cave in Israel}}
{{Infobox cave
| name = Kebara Cave
| photo = Image:Neanderthal-burial.gif
| photo_width = 200px
| photo_caption = [[Biology:Kebara 2|Kebara 2]] in situ
| map = Near East#Israel
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| location = Zikhron Ya'akov, [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| coordinates = {{coord|32|33|29.8|N|34|56|14.3|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| depth =
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| elevation = {{convert|60|to|65|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level
| discovery = Early 1930s
| geology = Limestone
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'''Kebara Cave''' ({{lang-he|מערת כבארה|Me'arat Kebbara}}, {{lang-ar|مغارة الكبارة|Mugharat al-Kabara}}) is a [[Earth:Limestone|limestone]] [[Earth:Cave|cave]] locality in Wadi Kebara, situated at {{convert|60|to|65|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level on the western [[Earth:Escarpment|escarpment]] of the Carmel Range, in the Ramat HaNadiv preserve of Zichron Yaakov.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ramat-hanadiv.org.il/sites/default/files/media/general_page/field_gp_related_files/Nature%20Park%20Map.pdf |title=map |access-date=2013-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010233100/http://www.ramat-hanadiv.org.il/sites/default/files/media/general_page/field_gp_related_files/Nature%20Park%20Map.pdf |archive-date=2013-10-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
The cave was inhabited between 60,000 and 48,000 [[Earth:Before Present|BP]] and is famous for its [[Social:Excavation (archaeology)|excavated]] finds of hominid remains.

Dorothy Garrod and Francis Turville-Petre excavated in the cave in the early 1930s. Excavations have since yielded a large number of human remains associated with a [[Biology:Mousterian|Mousterian]] archaeological context. The first specimen discovered in 1965, during the excavations of M. Stekelis, was an incomplete infant skeleton (Kebara 1).<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41432181 New human remains from Kebara Cave (Mount Carmel]</ref>

The most significant discovery made at Kebara Cave was [[Biology:Kebara 2|Kebara 2]] in 1982, the most complete postcranial [[Biology:Neanderthal|Neanderthal]] [[Biology:Skeleton|skeleton]] found to date. Nicknamed "Moshe" and dating to ''circa'' 60,000 [[Earth:Before Present|BP]], the skeleton preserved a large part of one individual's torso ([[Biology:Vertebral column|vertebral column]], [[Biology:Rib|rib]]s and [[Biology:Pelvis|pelvis]]). The cranium and most of the lower limbs were missing. The [[Biology:Hyoid bone|hyoid bone]] was also preserved, and was the first Neanderthal hyoid bone found.<ref name="mithen">[[Biography:Steven Mithen|Mithen, S.]](2006). The Singing Neanderthals: The origins of music, language, mind, and body. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.</ref>

The Kebaran culture is named after the site.

== See also ==
* Archaeology in Israel
* [[Biology:List of fossil sites|List of fossil sites]] ''(with link directory)''
* List of hominid fossils
* List of notable fossils
* [[Biology:List of transitional fossils|List of transitional fossils]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Schick, T. & Stekelis, M. "Mousterian Assemblages in Kebara Cave, Mount Carmel", ''Eretz-Israel'' 13 (1977), pp.&nbsp;97–150.
* Bar-Yosef, O. & B. Vandermeersch, ''et alii'', "The Excavations in Kebara Cave, Mount Carmel", ''Current Anthropology'' 33.5 (1992), pp.&nbsp;497–546.
* Goldberg, P. & Bar-Yosef, O., "Site formation processes in Kebara and Hayonim Caves and their significance in Levantine Prehistoric caves", in T. Akazawa, K. Aoki and O. Bar-Yosef (eds), ''Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia'', New York & London: Plenum Press, 1998, pp.?
* Albert, Rosa M., Steve Weiner, Ofer Bar-Yosef, and Liliane Meignen, "Phytoliths of the Middle Palaeolithic Deposits of Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel: Study of the Plant Materials Used for Fuel and Other Purposes", ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' 27 (2000), pp.&nbsp;931–947.
* Lev, Efraim, Kislev, Mordechai E. & Bar-Yosef, Ofer, "Mousterian Vegetal Food in Kebara Cave, Mt Carmel", ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' 32 (2005), pp.&nbsp;475–484.

==External links==
* [http://www.ramat-hanadiv.org.il/index_en.aspx Ramat Hanadiv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080625/http://www.ramat-hanadiv.org.il/index_en.aspx |date=2011-07-16 }} - the Rothschild Memorial public gardens at Ramat HaNadiv preserve the Kebara Cave within their boundaries for visitors
* [http://archaeology.about.com/library/glossary/bldef_kebara.htm Kebara Cave] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050922073231/http://archaeology.about.com/library/glossary/bldef_kebara.htm |date=2005-09-22 }} at About.com

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[[Category:Archaeological type sites]]

{{Sourceattribution|Kebara Cave}}