View source for Place:Kroonstad

{{Use South African English|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Kroonstad
| other_name              = Maokeng
| settlement_type         = Town 
| image_skyline           = Alex Fairweather building.jpg
| image_caption           = Alex Fairweather corner in the CBD
| pushpin_map             = South Africa Free State#South Africa#Africa
| coordinates             = {{coord|27|39|S|27|14|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{wipe|South Africa}}
| subdivision_type1       = Province
| subdivision_name1       = Free State
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_name2       = Fezile Dabi
| subdivision_type3       = Municipality
| subdivision_name3       = Moqhaka
| subdivision_type4       = Main Place
| established_title       = Established
| established_date        = 1854<ref name=established>{{cite thesis |last=Robson |first=Linda Gillian |title=The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact |date=2011 |type=PhD thesis |publisher=University of Pretoria |chapter=Annexure A |chapter-url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/26503/05back.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y#page=31 |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/26503 |hdl=2263/26503 |pages=xlv–lii}}</ref>
| leader_title            = Councillor
| area_footnotes          = <ref name=census2011>Sum of the Main Places [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/475005 Kroonstad] and [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/475006 Maokeng] from Census 2011.</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 89.1
| population_footnotes    = <ref name=census2011/>
| population_total        = 168762
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_density_km2  = auto
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->
| demographics_type1      = Racial makeup (2011)
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=census2011/>
| demographics1_title1    = Black African
| demographics1_info1     = 85.2%
| demographics1_title2    = Coloured
| demographics1_info2     = 4.0%
| demographics1_title3    = Indian/Asian
| demographics1_info3     = 0.4%
| demographics1_title4    = White
| demographics1_info4     = 10.1%
| demographics1_title5    = Other
| demographics1_info5     = 0.3%
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->
| demographics_type2      = [[Social:First language|First language]]s (2011)
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name=census2011/>
| demographics2_title1    = [[Biography:Sotho language|Sotho]]
| demographics2_info1     = 73.3%
| demographics2_title2    = [[Social:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]
| demographics2_info2     = 15.8%
| demographics2_title3    = [[Social:English language|English]]
| demographics2_info3     = 3.1%
| demographics2_title4    = [[Social:Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
| demographics2_info4     = 2.5%
| demographics2_title5    = Other
| demographics2_info5     = 5.3%
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
<!-- Other information -->
| timezone1               = [[South African Standard Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset1             = +2
| postal_code_type        = Postal code (street)
| postal_code             = 9499
| postal2_code_type       = [[Engineering:Post-office box|PO box]]
| postal2_code            = 9500
| area_code_type          = Area code
| area_code               = 056
}}

'''Kroonstad''' ([[Social:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] directly translated "Crown City"), officially named '''Maokeng''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finalisation of name changes in the Free State {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/finalisation-name-changes-free-state |access-date=2023-03-11 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref> is the fourth largest town in the Free State (after [[Place:Bloemfontein|Bloemfontein]], Welkom and Bethlehem) and lies two hours' drive on the N1 from Gauteng. It is the second-largest commercial and urban centre in the Northern Free State (after Welkom), and an important railway junction on the main line from [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]] to [[Place:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]]. ''Maokeng'' is Sesotho and means "place of the [[Biology:Acacia|thorn trees]] (mimosa trees)".<ref>{{cite journal |title=Leadership|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nggvAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Churchill Murray Publications|page=xlix|quote= Maokeng (the name means "place of the thorn trees" [...] | volume = 9 | issue = 6–10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ntantala|first=Phyllis|title=A Life's Mosaic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25NDf3R86ooC&pg=PA80|year=1993|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-08172-7|page=80|quote= Kroonstad is known as Maokeng - 'at the place of the mimosa groves' - by the Sotho}}</ref>

==History==

Kroonstad was established in 1855<ref name=Raper>{{cite book|last=Raper|first=R.E.|title=Dictionary of Southern African Place Names|publisher= Human Sciences Research Council |url=https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n261/mode/2up}}</ref> by the Irish pioneer Joseph Orpen, and was the first founded after the independence of the Orange Free State.
While ''{{lang|af|Kroon}}'' means "crown", this was in fact the name of a horse that had drowned in the nearby [[Earth:Ford (crossing)|ford]]. A lover of animals, Orpen had witnessed the incident, and named the infant settlement in honour of the unfortunate creature. Similarly, the ford in question came to be known as ''Kroondrift''.<ref name=Raper/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geni.com/people/Joseph-Millerd-Orpen/6000000018953033632 |title=Joseph Millerd Orpen (1828 - 1923) - Genealogy |date=5 November 1828 |publisher=Geni.com |access-date=2014-05-21}}</ref>

During the [[History:Second Boer War|Second Boer War]], from 13 March to 11 May 1900, the city became the capital of the Orange Free State, and subsequently the site of a concentration camp to contain Boer women and children.

==Economy==

The main industry of Kroonstad is [[Earth:Agriculture|agriculture]]. It is the centre of a rich agricultural district, producing maize, wheat, dairy and meat products and wool. The Bloemhoek Dam lies just east of the town and supplies much of its water needs. A caravan park and many more camp sites on the banks of the [[Biology:Willow|willow]]-lined Vals River (Valsrivier) are frequented by anglers and watersport enthusiasts.

==Leisure==
Leisure opportunities are plentiful in Kroonstad, where visitors can enjoy golf on the 18-hole course in the town, lion tours and interaction with lion and tiger cubs at the Boskoppie Lion and Tiger Park, fishing in the well stocked Vals River or on the Bloemhoek Dam, and boating on the Serfontein Dam. Horseriding, gliding and hiking trails are also available. {{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

==Transport==
===Road===

Kroonstad lies directly on the N1, which bypasses the town centre to the east (to [[Place:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] in the north and [[Place:Bloemfontein|Bloemfontein]] in the south). Other regional roads in the town are the R34 to Odendaalsrus in the south-west and Heilbron in the east, the R76 to Steynsrus in the south-east and Viljoenskroon in the north-west, the R721 to Vredefort in the north-west and the R82 to Sasolburg in the north-east.

===Rail===

Kroonstad Railway Station serves the town and is located on the important railway junction from [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]] to [[Place:Johannesburg|Johannesburg]] via [[Place:Bloemfontein|Bloemfontein]].

On 4 January 2018, a passenger train, operated by Shosholoza Meyl, collided with a truck on a level crossing near Kroonstad/Hennenman. The train was derailed, and at least one of the carriages caught fire. Twenty people were killed and 260 were injured.<ref name=BBC42565653>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42565653 |title=South Africa train crash: Four dead in truck collision |work=BBC News Online |access-date=4 January 2018}}</ref>

===Air===

Kroonstad is served by a small airport with no passenger flights.

==Shopping==

Shopping in Kroonstad is characterised by typical high street shopping. The development of the new Kroonstad Water Front Mall is underway, Maokeng Mall, Panorama Plaza, Checkers Centre, Shoprite Centre, Ultra City Centre and Pick'n'Pay centre.

==General attractions==
Kroonstad is said to be one of the Free State's loveliest towns and lies on the banks of the Vals River, a tributary of the Vaal, roughly two hours' drive from Johannesburg. It is situated in an area characterised by open spaces and an abundant variety of vegetation that makes it particularly beautiful. Kroonstad is a quaint town that serves as a good stop over en route between Johannesburg and Bloemfontein, lying as it does at virtually the halfway mark. Kroonstad offers an array of activities that include [[Finance:Flea market|flea market]]s, a tea garden, fishing on the Vals River or at the Bloemhoek Dam, walking trails and lion tours and lion and tiger interaction at Boskoppie Lion and Tiger park. Today, as an important administrative, agricultural and educational centre, Kroonstad still boasts much of the inherent rugged beauty which led the Voortrekkers to establish the town where they did.

Sporting facilities of all kinds are well catered for, notably for jukskei, an Afrikaner folk sport. The headquarters of the SA Jukskei Council has been established here since 1951. The city is rich in historical sights; several historic buildings and statues, a former concentration camp, the Sarel Cilliers Museum (although currently inactive) and other places of national interest can be found here. Kroonstad is an important agricultural service centre in the Free State with a predominantly agricultural-orientated economy served by a modern toll-road. This brings the PWV Region within two hours drive from Kroonstad as well as being accessible from the North West, [[Place:Bloemfontein|Bloemfontein]] and the Eastern Free State.

In July 2022 Kroonstad was announced as the winner in the Kwêla Dorp Van Die Jaar competition.<ref name=ITweb>{{cite web|url=https://igniteandrevive.co.za/dorp-van-die-jaar/|title=Dorp van die Jaar |date=August 2022 }}</ref>

==Historical sites==
[[File:Gezicht op een rivieroever met paardenkarren bij Kroonstad, Zuid-Afrika History Recorders and History Makers, Correspondents' Carts waiting Lord Roberts' entry to Kroonstadt, S.A., crop.jpg|thumb|right|Correspondents await the arrival of Lord Roberts during the Second Boer War, 1901]]
The Bloemspruit Monument <small>{{coord|27|40|18|S|27|12|23|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline}}</small> commemorates those who died in the Kroonstad Concentration Camp,

A Garden of Remembrance <small>{{coord|27|39|05|S|27|14|19|E|type:landmark_region:ZA|display=inline}}</small> commemorates Allied soldiers fallen in the two World Wars.

A blockhouse south of the city is a reminder of later stages of the [[History:Second Boer War|Second Boer War]].

Stone [[Engineering:Corbel|corbel]]led huts, refuges for the prehistoric inhabitants of the region, occur in various locations about the city.

In addition, fossils and San rock art are present in the region.

==Notable people==

* Banele Gaza, record producer
* Sid James, actor
* Angela de Jesus, artist
* David Kau, comedian
* Steve Komphela, football coach
* Antjie Krog, poet
* Min Shaw, singer
* Pallo Jordan, former ANC politician
* Teboho Mahlatsi, writer, co-creator, film producer
* Fana Mokoena, actor & EFF politician
* Jeffrey Ntuka, football player
* Max du Preez, journalist
* Levy Sekgapane, operatic tenor
* Al J Venter, writer and journalist
* Mantoa Tshabala-Msimang, former ANC politician
* Mosiuoa Lekota, former ANC politician 
* Winkie Direko, former ANC politician
* Robbie Wessels, singer
* Lize Beekman, singer
* Anton Goosen, singer
* Jan Blohm, singer
* Gert Smal, former Springbok rugby player and coach
* Andre Venter, former Springbok rugby player
* Faan Rautenbach, former Springbok rugby player
* Kulu Ferreira, former Springbok rugby player
* Burger Geldenhuys, former Springbok rugby player
* Michael Claassens, former Springbok rugby player
* Bok Fourie, former Springbok rugby player
* Sarel Cilliers, preacher, Voortrekker leader, leader at Blood River
* Alwyn Schlebusch, politician, Vice President of South Africa 1981
* Herbert Kretzmer, lyricist for the English-language musical adaptation of Les Misérables

==Coat of arms==
By 1931, the Kroonstad municipal council had assumed a coat of arms.<ref name=cig>The arms were depicted on a [http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Category:UTC_South_African_city_arms cigarette card]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} issued in 1931.</ref> It was registered with the Orange Free State Provincial Administration in February 1967<ref name=og>Orange Free State ''Official Gazette'' 8 (17 February 1967).</ref> and at the Bureau of Heraldry in April 1971.<ref name=boh>http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The arms were: ''Or, a tree on an island proper; on a chief Argent fimbriated Azure, a locomotive and tender Sable'' ("a golden shield displaying a tree on a grassy base, below a black locomotive and tender on a silver stripe across the top of the shield"). Originally, an imperial crown was placed above the shield, but it was replaced with a golden mural crown in the 1960s. The supporters were a [[Biology:Black wildebeest|black wildebeest]] and a [[Biology:Blesbok|blesbok]], and the motto was ''Finis coronat opus''.

==Sister cities==

Kroonstad has two sister cities whose names are reminiscent of its own:

* {{flagicon|Romania}} – Braşov ({{lang-de|Kronstadt|links=no}}), a city in Romania
* {{flagicon|Russia}} – Kronstadt, a Russian seaport city west of Saint Petersburg

==See also==
*Voorspoed diamond mine

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20181227170945/http://kroonstadinfo.co.za/ kroonstadinfo.co.za: Kroonstad directory]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041116181008/http://www.routes.co.za/fs/kroonstad/ Routes.co.za: Kroonstad]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041216184358/http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/K/Kroonsta.html Allrefer.com: Kroonstad]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033222/http://cache.virtualtourist.com/4053596-TravelPicture-Kroonstad.jpg NG Moederkerk]
*[http://www.southafrica.com/free-state/kroonstad/]


[[Category:Former national capitals]]

{{Sourceattribution|Kroonstad}}