View source for Place:List of countries with multiple capitals

{{Short description|Countries with more than one capital city}}


Some countries have '''multiple capitals'''. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others.

There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the [[Earth:Seat of government|seat of government]] of some or all parts of the national government.

==More than one capital at present==
[[File:Countries with multiple capitals.png|thumb|alt=Countries with multiple capitals|right|452px|
{{legend|#FF0000|More than one capital at present}}
{{legend|#D78991|More than one capital in the past}}]]

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Earth:List of sovereign states|Country]]
! [[Place:List of national capitals|Capitals]]
! Details
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{BOL}}'''
| [[Place:Sucre|Sucre]]
| Constitutional capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:La Paz|La Paz]]
| De facto executive capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{ESW}}'''
| [[Place:Mbabane|Mbabane]]
| Administrative capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Lobamba|Lobamba]]
| Legislative capital (parliament) and place of royal residence
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{MYS}}'''
| [[Place:Kuala Lumpur|Kuala Lumpur]]
| Constitutional and legislative capital (parliament), seat of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Putrajaya|Putrajaya]]
| Administrative centre and judicial capital; variously referred to as the administrative capital<ref>{{Cite web |title=Putrajaya {{!}} Smart Putrajaya |url=https://smart.putrajaya.my/putrajaya/ |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=smart.putrajaya.my}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{Flag|Kingdom of the Netherlands|name=Netherlands}}'''
| [[Place:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]]
| Official capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:The Hague|The Hague]]
| Legislative capital (parliament)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="3" | '''{{RSA}}'''
| [[Place:Pretoria|Pretoria]]
| Administrative and executive capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Bloemfontein|Bloemfontein]]
| Judicial capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]]
| Legislative capital (parliament)
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''{{SRI}}'''
| [[Place:Colombo|Colombo]]
| Executive and judicial capital
|-
| [[Place:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte|Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]]
| Legislative capital (parliament)
|}

==More than one capital in the past==
{{Main|Place:List of former national capitals}}

These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a [[Earth:Temporary capital|temporary capital]].

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! [[Earth:List of sovereign states|Country]]
! Year(s)
! [[Place:List of national capitals|Capitals]]
! Details
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="2" | '''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Herat until 1842.svg|size=23px}} [[Place:Durrani Empire|Afghanistan]]'''
|rowspan="2" | 1776–1818
| [[Place:Kabul|Kabul]]
| Summer capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Peshawar
| Winter capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="3" | '''{{Flag|British India}}'''
|rowspan="3" | 1858–1947
| [[Place:Kolkata|Kolkata]] (formerly Calcutta) (1858–1911)
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | Administrative capital
|-
|[[Place:New Delhi|New Delhi]] (1911–1947)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Shimla (formerly Simla)
| Summer capital
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''{{Flagicon image|Austria-Hungary - hybrid flag space3.png|size=23px}} [[Place:Austria-Hungary|Austria-Hungary]]'''
| rowspan="2" |1873–1918
|[[Place:Vienna|Vienna]]
|[[Place:Cisleithania|Cisleithania]]
|-
|[[Place:Budapest|Budapest]]
|[[History:Kingdom of Hungary|Kingdom of Hungary]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="4" | '''{{Flagcountry|Republic of China}}'''
|rowspan="2" | 1937–1945
| Nanjing
| Capital of the [[Place:Empire of Japan|Japanese]]-controlled puppet state
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Chongqing|Chongqing]]
| [[Earth:Temporary capital|Provisional capital]] of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="2" | 1945–1991
| Nanjing
| Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 Retreat and the 1992 Consensus)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Taipei|Taipei]]
| [[Earth:Temporary capital|Provisional capital]] of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China on Taiwan
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{Flag|Vichy France|name=France}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 1940–1944
| Vichy || De facto administrative capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Paris|Paris]] || De jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''{{Flag|Kingdom of Italy}}'''
| rowspan="3" |1943–1944
| Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944)
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;" | De facto provisional capital
|-
| Salerno (Feb–Jun 1944)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Rome|Rome]] || De jure  capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{Flag|Italian Social Republic}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 1943–1944
| Salò || De facto capital until 1944 when it became the primary capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Rome|Rome]] || De jure  capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{Flag|Kingdom of Laos|name=Laos}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 1947–1975
| [[Place:Vientiane|Vientiane]] || Administrative capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Luang Prabang || Royal capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="2" | '''{{LBY}}'''
|rowspan="2" | 1951–1963
| [[Place:Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]
| rowspan="2" | One of two official capitals of the [[History:Kingdom of Libya|Kingdom of Libya]], then Bayda became the capital of Libya from 1963 to 1969
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Benghazi
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|rowspan="2" |'''{{Flag|Malawi|1960}}'''
|rowspan="2" | 1974–1994
| [[Place:Lilongwe|Lilongwe]]
| Administrative and judiciary capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Zomba, Malawi|Zomba]]
| Legislative capital
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg|size=23px}}{{Flagicon image|Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|size=23px}}''' Netherlands-Indonesia Union
| rowspan="2" |1948–1956
|[[Place:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]]
|Kingdom of the Netherlands
|-
|[[Place:Jakarta|Jakarta]]
|United States of Indonesia
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{NOR}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 1940
| [[Place:Oslo|Oslo]] || Official capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| Hamar || Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament<ref>[https://annomuseum.no/angrepet Kongens nei - 9. april] {{small|(Norwegian)}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="3" | '''{{PHL}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 1948–1976
| [[Place:Quezon City|Quezon City]] || Official capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Manila|Manila]] || ''De facto'' seat of government
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="1" | 1901–1976
| Baguio ||[[Earth:Summer capital|Summer capital]] (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| rowspan="2" | '''{{Flagcountry|Serbia and Montenegro}}'''
| rowspan="2" | 2003–2006
| [[Place:Belgrade|Belgrade]] || Administrative and legislative capital
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| [[Place:Podgorica|Podgorica]] || Judicial capital
|}

==See also==
* [[Place:List of national capitals|List of national capitals]]
* [[Place:List of purpose-built national capitals|List of purpose-built national capitals]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of capitals|Countries with multiple]]

de:Hauptstadt#Staaten und subnationale Entitäten mit mehreren Hauptstädten

{{Sourceattribution|List of countries with multiple capitals}}