View source for Place:Malolos

{{Short description|Capital of Bulacan, Philippines}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| photo2a                = Ople4jf.JPG
| photo2b                = RobinsonsPlaceMalolos.jpg
| photo3a                = 9961Newly Renovated Bulacan Provincial Capitol Building 14.jpg
| photo3b                = Barasoain_Church_2023.jpg
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| foot_montage           = (From top, left to right): New Malolos City Hall, Bulacan Provincial Library, Robinsons Place Malolos, Bulacan Provincial Capitol, Barasoain Church
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| nickname                        = ''Cradle of the Philippines'' <br> ''Carabao Capital of the World'' <br> ''Renaissance City of Central Luzon''
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| subdivision_name3               = {{PH legislative district}}
| established_title               = Settled
| established_date                = 10th century [[Common Era|CE]]<br>{{small|(part of the kingdom of Ma-i)}}
| established_title2              = Founded
| established_date2               = {{plainlist|
*1225 <small>(as Li-Han)</small>
*November 14, 1571 <small>(as an encomienda)</small>
*June 11, 1580 <small>(as a civil town)</small> 
}}
| established_title3              = Cityhood
| established_date3               = December 18, 1999
| founder                         = <small>{{plainlist | Miguel Lopez de Legazpi | Marcos de Herrera | Jeronimo Tirado }}</small>
| parts_type                      = Barangays
| parts_style                     = para
| p1                              = 51 (see Barangays)
| leader_title                    = [[Social:Mayor|Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = Christian D. Natividad
| leader_title1                   = Vice Mayor
| leader_name1                    = Miguel Alberto T. Bautista
| leader_title2                   = Representative <!--congressman or congresswoman -->
| leader_name2                    = Danilo A. Damingo
| leader_title3                   = City Council
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 | 1 = <div style="border-style:solid none;border-width:thin;border-color:Gainsboro;background-color:#e6e6e6;text-align:center;width:95%;font-variant:small-caps;"></div>
 | 2=Francisco J. Castro
 | 3=John Vincent G. Vitug III
 | 4=Niño Carlo C. Bautista
 | 5=Michael M. Aquino
 | 6=Miguel Carlos B. Soto 
 | 7=Edgardo F. Domingo
 | 8=Therese Cheryll B. Ople
 | 9=Victorino M. Aldaba III
 | 10=Emmanuel R. Sacay
 | 11=Dennis D. San Diego
}}
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| demographics1_title10  = Liabilities
| demographics1_info10   = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2     = Utilities
| demographics2_title1   = Electricity
| demographics2_info1    = Meralco 
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| blank2_name_sec1       = Crime index
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| blank2_name_sec2       = Feast date
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| blank3_name_sec2       = Catholic diocese
| blank3_info_sec2       = Diocese of Malolos
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}}

'''Malolos''' {{IPA-tl|maˈlɔlɔs|}}, officially the '''City of Malolos''' ({{lang-fil|Lungsod ng Malolos}}), is a 3rd class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, {{wipe|Philippines}}. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people.{{PH census|current}} It is the capital city of the province of Bulacan as the seat of the provincial government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nap.psa.gov.ph/factsheet/pdf03/fs3_02.asp |title=NSCB – 2003 Factsheet – One City and Eleven Barangays Created |publisher=Nscb.gov.ph |access-date=March 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061155/http://nap.psa.gov.ph/factsheet/pdf03/fs3_02.asp |archive-date=November 11, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Malolos was the site of the constitutional convention of 1898, known as the Malolos Convention, that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, at the sanctuary of the Barasoain Church. The convent of the Malolos Cathedral served as the presidential palace at that time. Malolos gave birth to the first constitutional [[Social:Republic|republic]] in Asia.

==History==
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered the 8 villages along Malolos River and integrated it into one entity dated November 14, 1571, and constituted it as an Encomienda de Malolos<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philippinehistory.net/first50/encomiendas.htm|title=The Spaniards' First 50 Years in the Philippines, 1565-1615 - A Sourcebook|work=philippinehistory.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924072336/http://www.philippinehistory.net/first50/encomiendas.htm|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=January 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, volume 34, page 304-310, paragraph 3</ref> the Adelantado entrusted the settlements to conquistador Don Marcos de Herrera. On April 5, 1572, Legazpi merges the encomiendas of Malolos and Calumpit into a single entity to form a new town of Calumpit with Juan Moron and Herrera as co-encomenderos.

On April 15, 1572, Legazpi entrusted 6 villages along Atlag River and given it to Don Jeronimo Tirado.<ref>Historia General Archivo de Sevilla</ref>

Nine years later, Malolos was officially established as a town and included it in Bulacan and dismembered on Alcaldia de Calumpit on June 11, 1580, and accepted as priory with Fray Matheo de Mendoza as its first minister in an Augustinian Council held in Tondo Convent but the civil administration still belongs to its encomendero at that time, Don Jeronimo Tirado.

The Tagalog constituted the majority of the Malolos populace although it is said that the town had a Kapampangan origin; the name Malolos is a Spanish pronunciation of Kapampangan word ''maluslús.''<ref>[https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2009/05/14/467087/crossing-river-their-itlog-turns-ebun/amp/ Crossing a river, their 'itlog' turns to 'ebun'] on Philstar.com</ref>  They were led by prominent families, among them are descendants of the royal clans of Gatbontons, Gatmaitan, Gatsalian (Gatchalian), Dimagiba, Lakandola, Ladia and Lacancale and in the 17th-19th centuries, Chinese Filipino families through Tondo and Binondo, such as Chichioco, Cojuangco, Chiong, Chico, Cunanan, Tantocos, Tanchangco, Tanjosoy, Tengco, Tenjeco, Tiongson, Lomotan, Manahan, joined by Spanish Filipino families of Adriano, Bautista, Jacinto, Reyes, Santos, Rustia, de Leon, Agustin, Vasquez, Valenzuela, Crisostomo and Estrella.

Chinese Filipino traders settled in Malolos starting in 1670 for economic opportunity. The settlers increased, and Malolos began engaging with textile, rice production. However, the Chinese are expelled from the town on June 30, 1755, due to political and social issues.

On August 31, 1859, Malolos was divided into three independent towns; "Malolos", "Barasoain, and "Santa Isabel". These new towns are former districts of Malolos, with own respective Presidente Municipal and Parish priests. With the beginning of American rule in 1903, these towns were again reunited into a single municipality. The two other districts became barangays under the political jurisdiction of Malolos.

A major factor in the progress of Malolos was the opening of the Manila&ndash;Dagupan railways in April 1892.

Malolos was first organized into a formal municipal unit in 1822 when the first "alcalde constitucional" or municipal head was appointed. He was Jorge de Victoria, a Filipino, who like all succeeding "alcaldes", served for one year. He was followed by thirty-one other "alcaldes", with Juan Dimagiba as the thirty-first. In 1859, Malolos was subdivided into three administrative districts; Malolos, Barasoain and Santa Isabel. Juan Dimagiba became the first "alcalde" of the down-scaled Malolos. There were 12 others who served as "alcaldes" from 1859 to 1879, the first one being Mariano C. Cristobal and the second being Capitan Tomas Tanchanco, whose term marked the start of civil turmoil in the town.<ref>''Malolos Historical Digest'', June 2000</ref>

===Philippine Republic===
[[File:Barasoain Church in Malolos City.JPG|right|250px|thumb|The Barasoain Church]]
[[File:Malolos congress.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The Malolos Congress of 1899 in session]]
[[File:Malolos Filipino Army.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Filipino soldiers in Malolos, 1899]]

Malolos is the historical site of the constitutional convention of 1898 that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, the first republic in Asia, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Malolos served as the capital of the short-lived republic from 1898 to 1899. In 1899, after the Malolos Constitution was ratified, the Universidad Scientifico Literaria de Filipinas was established in Malolos, Bulacan. It offered Law as well as Medicine, Surgery and Notary Public; Academia Militar,(the Philippine's First Military School) which was established on October 25, 1898; and The Burgos Institute, (the Philippine's first law school) and an exclusive school for boys.

The Congress of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines convened in Barasoain Church in Malolos on September 15, 1898. On the 18th, Aguinaldo proclaimed Malolos as the capital of the Philippines. The first important act of the Congress was the ratification on September 29, 1898, of the independence proclamation at Kawit, Cavite of June 12, 1898. On October 19, 1898, by virtue of an act of Congress, the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas was established. It was in Malolos on December 20, 1898, when Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30 of every year as a day of national mourning. The greatest achievement and for which the Malolos Congress was known was the framing of the Malolos Constitution, prepared by a committee headed by Felipe Calderón, was approved by the congress after amendments have been made on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day and promulgated on January 22. The last congressional act of the Malolos Congress was the inauguration of the Philippine Republic with Aguinaldo as the President on January 23, 1899, amidst the people's jubilation.

On March 31, 1899, at the height of the Philippine–American War, Aguinaldo ordered Gen. Antonio Luna to set the Malolos Church including its huge silver altar on fire as part of their strategy called "Scorched-earth Policy" where everything will be rendered useless. Malolos was totally destroyed when the Americans captured the capital. Aguinaldo escaped to San Fernando, Pampanga before the American Forces arrived at Malolos.

===Malolos as the capital of Bulacan===

More than a year after the 1899 Battle of Malolos and the victory of and occupation by American forces, the national seat of power was officially conferred again to [[Place:Manila|Manila]] and on February 27, 1901, by the virtue of Act No. 88 of the Philippine Commission, the commission officially transferred the provincial seat from the heavily damaged town of Bulakan to the nearby town of Malolos and it became the capital of Bulacan.<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=88|date=February 27, 1901|accessdate=June 19, 2023|url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Act%20No.%2088|title=An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act to the Province of Bulacan|archive-date=October 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021145736/https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Act%20No.%2088|url-status=live}}</ref> On January 12, 1904, by virtue of Act No. 1038, the former municipalities of Barasoain and Santa Isabel were merged with Malolos, with Barasoain designated as the municipal seat.<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=1038|date=January 12, 1904|accessdate=June 19, 2023|url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Act%20No.%201038|title=An Act Amending Act Numbered Nine Hundred and Thirty-two, as Amended, So as to Locate the Seat of Municipal Government of the Municipality of Malolos, of the Province of Bulacan, in the Former Municipality of Barasoain|archive-date=October 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021145736/https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Act%20No.%201038|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Casa Presidencia de Malolos was converted as the new Casa Real of Bulacan (became Casa Real Shrine) making it as the new Official Office and Residence of Governor until 1930 when the new Provincial Capitol Building in Barrio Guinhawa, also in Malolos was built.
[[File:9961Newly_Renovated_Bulacan_Provincial_Capitol_Building_14.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Bulacan Provincial Capitol in Malolos, built in 1930]]

===Governments of Malolos after the Philippine–American War===
*''During American Period'' <br> After the War, the Americans appointed a martial law administrator in the person of Jose Reyes Tiongson. He served as "presidente politico militar" from 1901 to 1902.  With the capture of Pres. and Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela and the defeat of most of the Filipino armed forces all over the country, the Americans began to put up a network of local government units. The municipality of Malolos was re-organized, composed of the districts of Malolos, Barasoain and Santa Isabel. Appointed "presidente municipal" or town mayor was Ramon Gonzalez de Leon of Sitio Tampoy, one of the original members of the Katipunan Balangay Apuy. He was in the post for two years, 1903 to 1905.  He and the nine others who followed him were all appointive officials. When the Philippines became a commonwealth, Leon Valencia was elected mayor in 1937, the first ever elected. Diosdado Dimagiba succeeded him in 1940 but had to vacate the position because of the Japanese conquest. Also in this period, the Malolos Municipal Hall facing the Malolos Church was built, in a manner of Neo-Classical Roman Style.<ref>Malolos Historical Digest, June 2000</ref>
*''During Japanese Occupation'' <br> The Japanese appointed two "punong bayan" or mayors, Luis Peralta and Ignacio Tapang. After the joint US and Philippine Commonwealth armed forces liberated Malolos in March 1945, Adonis P. Maclang of the guerrillas' Bulacan Military Area was appointed guerrilla mayor of the town, before battle for the liberation of Bulacan, the local Filipino forces of the 3rd and 32nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 3rd Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was liberated in Malolos to helping the local guerrilla resistance fighters of the Bulacan Guerrilla Unit and American troops of the U.S. Army against the Japanese in 1945 at the end of World War II, followed by the appointment of Isberto Crisostomo as civilian town mayor in 1946. The first post-war election was held in 1946 and Carlos Maclang was elected mayor.

===Contemporary history===
In 1998, Malolos was the site again for another presidential inauguration, this time of Joseph Estrada on June 30, 1998, at Barasoain Church as the President of the Republic of the Philippines. Estrada, whose real surname is Ejercito, traced his ancestry to the Ejercitos who were prominent in the history of Malolos.

[[File:Malolos flyover.jpg|right|250px|thumb|The Malolos Steel Flyover]]
It was in summer of 2004, the construction of the Malolos flyover marks a new milestone in their flourishing history being the first in the city. The structure, part of the former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's Bridge Program, the construction was undertaken in a record-breaking 60 days only according to the Department of Public Works and Highways. The structure was built to solve the daily traffic jam at the place, which have become a bane to motorist and also to employees in both private and government offices in this city. This remarkable feat hastened not only the city's development in commerce and trade but its neighboring municipalities as well.

On July 28–30, 2008, the city hosted the first National Conference for Philippine-Spanish Relations. This is a project of both the Province of Bulacan's research arm, Center for Bulacan Studies of Bulacan State University, and by the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan, Incorporated.
[[File:New_Malolos_City_Hall_MacArthur_highway_4.jpg|150px|thumbnail|right|City hall at night 2023]]
=== Cityhood ===
In February 1999, Bulacan (1st) district representative Wilhelmino Sy-Alvarado authored the bill converting the then-municipality of Malolos into a component city, which was approved as ''Republic Act No. 8754'' on November 4.<ref>''Republic Act No. 8754:''
* {{cite web |url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Republic%20Act%20No.%208754 |title=Republic Act No. 8754 |website=Legislative Digital Resoruces |publisher=Senate of the Philippines |access-date=November 2, 2023}}
* {{cite PH act |title=Charter of the City of Malolos |chamber=RA |number=8754 |date=November 04, 1999 |url=https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/5911 |access-date=November 2, 2023}}</ref> The plebiscite for the ratification, along with that for Tuguegarao, Cagayan (whose cityhood was approved through ''RA No. 8755''), was scheduled on December 18.<ref>{{cite PH act |title=(Untitled) |chamber=PP |number=222, s. 1999 |date=December 17, 1999 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1999/12/17/proclamation-no-222-s-1999/ |access-date=November 2, 2023}}</ref>

A plebiscite was conducted in 402 precincts in 51 ''barangays''; wherein residents rejected the cityhood bid.<ref name="c010600PDI" /> However, it was marred by a number of alleged irregularities<ref name="09DB">{{cite web |url=http://geocities.com/centerforbulacanstudies/news3.html |title=Former Mayor Roque to Donate Cityhood Documents |date=October 26, 2009 |access-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026225551/http://geocities.com/centerforbulacanstudies/news3.html |archive-date=October 26, 2009}}</ref> including improper counting of votes; the reason mayor Restituto Roque, along with two other individuals, on December 29, filed an electoral protest before the Commission on Elections, seeking the nullification of the plebiscite results and asking for a recount.<ref name="c010600PDI">{{cite news |last=Reyes |first=Carmela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74c1AAAAIBAJ&dq=malolos+cityhood+recount&pg=PA11&article_id=3278,22712208 |title=Malolos officials start new drive for cityhood |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=January 6, 2000 |access-date=November 2, 2023 |page=11 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref name="c101002PDI" />

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; line-height:1.25em; font-size:100%;"
|+Malolos cityhood plebiscite
|-
! rowspan="2" | Choice !! colspan="2" | 1999 plebiscite !! colspan="2" | 2002 recount
|-
! Votes !! % !! Votes !! %
|-
| '''''Yes''''' || 9,321 || {{percentage |9,321|20,856|2}} || '''10,746''' || '''{{percentage |10,746|19,148|2}}'''
|-
| '''''No''''' || '''11,535''' || '''{{percentage |11,535|20,856|2}}'''  || 8,402 || {{percentage |8,402|19,148|2}}
|-
| Result
| colspan="2" {{No}}
| colspan="2" {{Yes}}
|-
| Valid votes || 20,856 || 100% || 19,148 || 100%
|-
| Voter turnout || colspan="4" align="center" | Around 20%–25%<ref name="09DB" /> of an estimated 80,000 registered voters.<ref>{{cite news |last=Reyes |first=Carmela |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=83UE6yvegO4C&dat=20000912&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Migrant vote: San Jose del Monte Bulacan's 1st city |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=September 12, 2000 |access-date=November 2, 2023 |page=A12 |via=[[Social:Google News Archive|Google News Archive]]}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="5" align="left" | {{small|Source: <ref name="c101002PDI" />}}
|}

After a recount, on October 8, 2002, the COMELEC Second Division, favoring the petition,<ref name="c101002PDI" /> declared the ratification of the charter and reversed the earlier official vote count,<ref name="c101202MS" /> through its Resolution on ''Election Protest Case No. 99–2''.<ref>{{cite book |date=August 25, 2003 |title=Supplement to the Official Gazette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suJ5Dks9Qc0C&dq=Election+Protest+Case+99%E2%80%932+malolos+october&pg=PA147 |location=[[Place:Quezon City|Quezon City]], {{wipe|Philippines}} |publisher=National Printing Office |page=147 |issn=0115-0421 |access-date=November 3, 2023 |volume=99 |number=34 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref><ref>http://beta.maloloscity.gov.ph/government/history/highlights-of-malolos-history/malolos{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was said that several ballots were written by a person, while others were missing.<ref name="c101002PDI">Reports by the Philippine Daily Inquirer on the 2002 COMELEC decision:
* {{cite news |last=Reyes |first=Carmela |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=83UE6yvegO4C&dat=20021010&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Comelec removes block to cityhood of Malolos |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=October 10, 2002 |access-date=November 2, 2023 |page=A15 |via=[[Social:Google News Archive|Google News Archive]]}}
* {{cite news |last=Reyes |first=Carmela |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=83UE6yvegO4C&dat=20021012&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Malolos is now a city |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=October 12, 2002 |access-date=November 2, 2023 |page=A30 |via=[[Social:Google News Archive|Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

Malolos eventually became the second town in Bulacan to be a city, following San Jose del Monte. Danilo Domingo, who had opposed the cityhood and defeated Roque in the 2001 elections, became the first city mayor.<ref name="c101202MS">{{cite news |last=Gamos |first=Ben |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=20021012&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Comelec rules Malolos a city |newspaper=Manila Standard |date=October 12, 2002 |access-date=November 2, 2023 |page=B14 |via=[[Social:Google News Archive|Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

In 2010, the city government, through the ''City Ordinance No. 24-2010'', declared December 18 of every year to be the celebration of the cityhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maloloscity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/EO_67S.2020.pdf |title=Executive Order No. 67, s. 2020 |date=December 14, 2020 |website=City Government of Malolos |publisher=Government of the Philippines |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref>

===Invalidation of the Lone District of Malolos Act===
Legislative bills were filed in the 14th Congress in 2007 to create a separate, lone legislative district for Malolos.<ref name="ra9591h" /><ref name="sc2010" /> ''House Bill No. 3162'' was filed on November 27, 2007 by Bulacan first district representative Ma. Victoria Sy-Alvarado; it was converted to ''HB No. 3693'',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/bills/house-bill-no-3162-14th-congress-republic |title=House Bill No. 3162, 14th Congress of the Republic |website=Legislative Digital Resources |publisher=Senate of the Philippines |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref> filed on March 4, 2008, also by Sy-Alvarado, and was passed by the House of Representatives on April 29.<ref name="ra9591h" /> Meanwhile, ''Senate Bill No. 1986'', filed on December 19, 2007 by senator Mar Roxas. On October 6, 2008, the same day the committee report was issued, the bill was sponsored by Sen. Benigno Aquino III and co-sponsored by senators Roxas and Richard Gordon. The bill was passed by the Senate on February 16, 2009.<ref name="ra9591h">{{cite web |url=https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/legislative%2Bissuances/Republic%20Act%20No.%209591 |title=Republic Act No. 9591 |website=Legislative Digital Resources |publisher=Senate of the Philippines |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref>

On May 1, 2009, without the president's signature, it lapsed into law as ''Republic Act No. 9591'', amending the city charter (''RA No. 8754'').<ref name="ra9591h" /><ref name="sc2010" /><ref>{{cite PH act |chamber=RA |number=9591 |url=http://www.op.gov.ph/directives/RA9591.pdf |title=An Act Amending Section 57 of Republic Act No. 8754, otherwise known as the Charter of the City of Malolos |date=May 1, 2009 |access-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614110048/http://www.op.gov.ph/directives/RA9591.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2010}}</ref>

In August, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) issued ''Resolution No. 09-0544'', on the allocation of a legislative district for Malolos, concerning the said law.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/resolutions/2010natl_local/mr_09_0544.html |title=Minutes Resolution No. 09-0544 |website=Commission on Elections |publisher=Government of the Philippines |access-date=March 9, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222031226/http://www.comelec.gov.ph/resolutions/2010natl_local/mr_09_0544.html |archive-date=February 22, 2012}}</ref>

However, on June 16, four individuals from the city had filed a petition, with the COMELEC as respondent, questioning the constitutionality of ''RA No. 9591''<ref name="sc2010" /> which violated the 1987 Constitution and its Ordinance; both require a population of at least 250,000 for a city to have its own representative in Congress.<ref name="sc2010" /><ref name="d0110tPS" />

On January 25, 2010, the Supreme Court voted, 7–6, to grant the petition, nullifying ''RA No. 9591''.<ref name="sc2010">{{cite PH act |title=V. Aldaba, C.J. Fajardo, J. Morada, M. Aldaba Morada, petitioners, vs. Commission on Elections, respondent |chamber=GR |number=188078 |date=January 25, 2010 |url=https://lawyerly.ph/juris/view/cd0df |folio=Supreme Court decision |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNews.htm?f=2010/january/28/news3.isx&d=2010/january/28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129220206/http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideNews.htm?f=2010/january/28/news3.isx&d=2010/january/28 |archive-date=January 29, 2010 |title=Malolos loses new House seat |date=January 28, 2010 |newspaper=Manila Standard Today}}</ref> The court cited the failure to show official records that the city's population would reach that number in time for the May elections.<ref name="d0110tPS" />

At the time the legislative bills were filed, the city's population was 223,069. The court explained that ''HB No. 3693'' cited an undated erroneous certification certification on demographic projections, issued by an unauthorized National Statistics Office personnel; while they used the city's annual population growth rate of 3.78% between 1995 and 2000 as basis for the law, their projected population in 2010 would be at least fifty thousand more than what is required,<ref name="sc2010" /><ref name="d0110tPS" /> contrary to the court's projection that the required number would be reached only by August.<ref name="d0110tPS" />

The ruling was affirmed on March 9.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100310-257763/SC-nullifies-Malolos-district-with-finality |title=SC nullifies Malolos district with finality |website=Inquirer.net|access-date=December 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313233130/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/regions/view/20100310-257763/SC-nullifies-Malolos-district-with-finality |archive-date=March 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Punay |first=Edu |date=March 10, 2010 |title=It's final: No Malolos district |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2010/03/10/556115/its-final-no-malolos-district/ |newspaper=The Philippine Star |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref> The city was then reverted to Bulacan's first legislative district, which also currently comprises five municipalities.<ref name="sc2010" /><ref name="d0110tPS">{{cite news |last1=Punay |first1=Edu |last2=Diaz |first2=Jess |date=January 28, 2010 |title=Supreme Court: No new Malolos district |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2010/01/28/544201/supreme-court-no-new-malolos-district/ |newspaper=The Philippine Star |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref> At that time, the province was represented in Congress through four districts.<ref name="sc2010" />

In 2015, Sy-Alvarado filed another bill, ''House Bill No. 655''. Domingo, currently serving as district representative, expressed his support.<ref>{{cite news |last=Velez |first=Freddie |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Bulacan Rep. Domingo eyes creation of Malolos legislative district |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/24/bulacan-rep-domingo-eyes-creation-of-malolos-legislative-district |newspaper=Manila Bulletin |access-date=November 3, 2023}}</ref>

==Geography==
Malolos is {{convert|45|km|sp=us}} north of [[Place:Manila|Manila]], the capital city of the Philippines. It is one of the major suburbs conurbated to Metro Manila, situated in the southwestern part of Bulacan, in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region.

It is bounded by municipalities of Calumpit on northwest, Plaridel on north, Guiguinto on east, Paombong on west, Bulakan on the southeast and Manila Bay on the south.<ref name=MalSoc>{{cite web |title=City Government of Malolos - Basic Socio Economic and Demographic Data |url=http://maloloscity.gov.ph/government/history/basic-socio-economic-and-demographic-data |access-date=January 11, 2018 |location=Malolos, Philippines |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042347/http://maloloscity.gov.ph/government/history/basic-socio-economic-and-demographic-data |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Topography===
Malolos is relatively flat of about 0.81% to a gently sloping of 2.17%. The slope of the land descends towards west, southwest to southern direction. The highest land elevation is at about {{cvt|6.0|m}} above sea level while the lowest is only  {{cvt|0.5|m}} below sea level. A network of natural waterways and rivers of various sizes and importance is traversing through the landscape of the town down south to Manila Bay.<ref name="MalSoc" />

There are three soil types from the major type of Malolos, the soils of the alluvial landscape and these are the Quingua Series, San Manuel Series and the Tagulod Series. Other soil types comprised in the soil map of Malolos are the Matimbo Series and Masantol Series, which belong to the soils of the coastal landscape, Loamy Tidal Swamp and Mucky Tidal Swamp from the miscellaneous soil types.<ref name="MalSoc" />

===Climate===
Malolos belongs to Type 1 category of the Philippine Climate Corona Classification, which has two pronounced seasons, i.e., wet and dry seasons. Wet during the months of June to November and dry from December to May.<ref name="MalSoc" />

The northwest monsoon prevails over the area from October to January bringing in moderate and light rains, the last trade winds predominate from February to April but the high Sierra Madre Mountains interfere with the free circulation of making the area dry with almost no rains during the period, while from May to September the southwest monsoon prevail with strong winds and abundant rainfall, and generally associated with strong typhoon.<ref name="MalSoc" />

{{Weather box|location = Malolos, Bulacan
|width=auto
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 35
| Feb high C = 34
| Mar high C = 37
| Apr high C = 39
| May high C = 39
| Jun high C = 37
| Jul high C = 37
| Aug high C = 34
| Sep high C = 36
| Oct high C = 35
| Nov high C = 36
| Dec high C = 34
| Jan low C = 28
| Feb low C = 27
| Mar low C = 30
| Apr low C = 33
| May low C = 33
| Jun low C = 32
| Jul low C = 31
| Aug low C = 30
| Sep low C = 30
| Oct low C = 29
| Nov low C = 29
| Dec low C = 28
| Jan precipitation mm = 4.52 
| Feb precipitation mm = 37.21 
| Mar precipitation mm = 13 
| Apr precipitation mm = 19.52
| May precipitation mm = 154.68
| Jun precipitation mm = 162.09
| Jul precipitation mm = 346.4 
| Aug precipitation mm = 739.92
| Sep precipitation mm = 197.04
| Oct precipitation mm = 251.11 
| Nov precipitation mm = 55.9 
| Dec precipitation mm = 79.5 
| Jan rain days = 6 
| Feb rain days = 10
| Mar rain days = 13 
| Apr rain days = 12 
| May rain days = 22 
| Jun rain days = 27 
| Jul rain days = 29 
| Aug rain days = 31
| Sep rain days = 27 
| Oct rain days = 13
| Nov rain days = 8
| Dec rain days = 16
|source 1 = World Weather Online<ref name="met_norms">{{cite web
| url = https://www.worldweatheronline.com/malolos-weather/bulacan/ph.aspx
| title = Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines Weather Averages
| publisher = World Weather Online
| access-date = January 11, 2018
| archive-date = September 10, 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910002548/http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Malolos-weather/Bulacan/PH.aspx
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
| date=2016}}

===Barangays===
Malolos is politically subdivided into 51 barangays that are spread over a land area of {{convert|7725|ha}} consisting of agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, bodies of water, fishponds, marshes and roads. Many of the name of the barangays were derived from the name of common Philippine trees, because Malolos was once a vast virgin land and forests, before the Spaniards came and Christianized the natives. While others were named in honor of their patron saints.

Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="text-align:right;font-size:95%;"
|+Barangays of the City of Malolos
! scope="col" | Map
! scope="col" | Barangay{{ref|Malolos_Population|1}}
! scope="col" | Population (2000){{ref|Malolos_Population|2}}
! scope="col" | Population (2007){{ref|Malolos_Population|3}}
! scope="col" | Population (2010){{PH census|2010}}
! scope="col" | Population (2015){{PH census|2010}}
!May 1, 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=psa.gov.ph |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707104119/https://psa.gov.ph/content/2020-census-population-and-housing-2020-cph-population-counts-declared-official-president |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Anilao.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Anilao
| 2,339
| 4,520
| 2,999
| 3,078
|3,013
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Atlag
| 4,635
| 5,028
| 5,101
| 5,294
|4,675
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Babatnin.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Babatnin
| 788
| 817
| 969
| 958
|741
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Bagna.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Bagna
| 4,368
| 5,427
| 5,061
| 5,321
|4,947
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Bagong Bayan
| 3,055
| 3,528
| 3,489
| 3,688
|3,068
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Balayong
| 1,889
| 2,532
| 3,059
| 3,338
|3,549
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Balite
| 2,017
| 2,425
| 2,579
| 2,813
|3,468
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Bangkal
| 261
| 8,803
| 11,030
| 12,437
|12,322
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Barihan
| 4,587
| 5,660
| 5,404
| 5,833
|5,852
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Bulihan
| 10,235
| 12,732
| 13,134
| 13,510
|15,865
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Bungahan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Bungahan
| 1,983
| 2,461
| 2,731
| 2,965
|3,025
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Caingin.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Caingin
| 5,804
| 7,874
| 6,867
| 6,899
|7,348
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Calero.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Calero
| 988
| 1,131
| 1,214
| 1,281
|1,316
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Caliligawan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Caliligawan
| 211
| 342
| 428
| 302
|498
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Canalate.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Canalate
| 3,560
| 3,719
| 4,015
| 4,124
|3,632
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Caniogan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Caniogan
| 5,039
| 5,158
| 5,239
| 5,132
|5,219
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Catmon.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Catmon
| 1,961
| 1,828
| 1,988
| 3,282
|2,248
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Cofradia
| 3,183
| 4,853
| 3,815
| 3,937
|4,608
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Dakila.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Dakila
| 4,851
| 4,288
| 5,146
| 5,352
|6,806
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Guinhawa
| 1,686
| 1,446
| 3,003
| 4,086
|4,217
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Ligas.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Ligas
| 4,354
| 5,891
| 6,119
| 6,624
|6,656
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Liang.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Liang
| 1,248
| 1,575
| 1,564
| 1,661
|1,338
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Longos.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Longos
| 7,700
| 10,808
| 11,361
| 14,864
|16,999
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Look 1st.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Look 1st
| 4,788
| 5,922
| 5,614
| 6,808
|9,611
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Look 2nd
| 1,877
| 2,485
| 2,610
| 3,108
|3,081
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Lugam.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Lugam
| 3,012
| 3,966
| 4,355
| 4,711
|4,744
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Mabolo.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Mabolo
| 4,870
| 6,202
| 6,399
| 6,435
|6,281
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Mambog.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Mambog
| 2,384
| 2,748
| 2,344
| 2,673
|2,836
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Masile.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Masile
| 790
| 744
| 884
| 832
|772
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Matimbo
| 5,685
| 6,254
| 6,455
| 6,516
|6,649
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Mojon.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Mojon
| 12,559
| 15,541
| 17,261
| 18,239
|16,169
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Namayan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Namayan
| 738
| 856
| 872
| 771
|712
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Niugan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Niugan
| 456
| 556
| 572
| 828
|715
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Pamarawan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Pamarawan
| 2,660
| 2,861
| 3,425
| 3,336
|3,094
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Panasahan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Panasahan
| 6,874
| 8,024
| 8,612
| 8,818
|9,484
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Pinagbakahan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Pinagbakahan
| 1,617
| 3,816
| 5,653
| 6,087
|7,563
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos San Agustin.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | San Agustin
| 1,821
| 2,090
| 2,202
| 2,262
|1,945
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos San Gabriel.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | San Gabriel
| 1,947
| 2,578
| 2,234
| 2,467
|2,012
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos San Juan.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | San Juan
| 2,897
| 3,439
| 4,326
| 4,388
|4,566
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos San Pablo.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | San Pablo
| 4,958
| 4,954
| 5,035
| 5,240
|4,991
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos San Vicente.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | San Vicente (Poblacion)
| 1,981
| 2,007
| 2,529
| 2,790
|2,402
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santiago.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santiago
| 1,771
| 1,875
| 1,972
| 1,973
|1,534
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santisima Trinidad.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santisima Trinidad
| 4,658
| 6,111
| 6,384
| 6,524
|6,688
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santo Cristo.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santo Cristo
| 1,730
| 1,714
| 1,929
| 2,025
|2,035
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santo Niño.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santo Niño (Poblacion)
| 641
| 453
| 532
| 561
|574
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santo Rosario.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santo Rosario (Poblacion)
| 7,065
| 7,211
| 7,593
| 7,633
|7,333
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Santor.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Santor
| 3,285
| 6,868
| 8,046
| 8,646
|8,550
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Sumapang Bata.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Sumapang Bata
| 1,600
| 2,087
| 2,424
| 2,645
|2,442
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Sumapang Matanda.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Sumapang Matanda
| 6,272
| 7,696
| 7,258
| 7,554
|8,719
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Taal
| 1,868
| 2,101
| 2,118
| 2,231
|1,677
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Malolos Tikay.jpg|50px]]
| style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;" | Tikay
| 7,745
| 9,064
| 8,992
| 10,094
|12,600
|-class="sortbottom" style="background:#F2F2F2;font-size:85%;"
| colspan="7" |
'''Footnotes'''
{{refbegin}}
*{{note|Malolos_Population|1}} Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
*{{note|Malolos_Population|2}} From NSO 2000 Census.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/p031400.html |title=Total Population, Household Population and Number of Households by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2000 |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |date=May 1, 2000 |access-date=June 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115023355/http://www.census.gov.ph/census2000/p031400.html |archive-date=November 15, 2009  }}</ref>
*{{note|Malolos_Population|3}} From NSO 2007 Census.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/2007/region%203.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2007 |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |date=August 1, 2007 |access-date=June 14, 2009 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114223157/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/2007/region%203.pdf |archive-date=November 14, 2009  }}</ref>
*{{note|Malolos_Population|4}} Source: Philippine Statistic Authority. 
{{refend}}
|}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 2025 = 
| 2030 = 
| footnote= Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}{{LWUA population data}} 
}}
As of 2015, the Philippine Statistics Authority released the official result of 2015 census in which Malolos has a population of 261,189 people,{{PH census|current}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|261,189/67.25|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or|sp=us}}, an increase of 17,129 people from the 2010 census. There are 52,547 households in the city. Majority of the Malolos households usually lives along the major roads. It has an average crime rate of 6.28% and has a crime solution efficiency of 97.11%.

===Language and ethnicity===
The majority of the Maloleños (or Malolenyo in [[Social:Filipino language|Filipino]]) traces their roots to Tagalog ethnicity although there are also Kapampangan and other ethnicities who migrated to the city. The vernacular language is [[Social:Filipino language|Filipino]], in the form of [[Social:Tagalog language|Tagalog]], while Philippine English is the language most widely used in education and business throughout the city. Although Malolos is the city where the Filipinos established the Spanish as their only official language in the first constitution, the native speakers of Spanish still alive are reduced to the very old members of a handful of families.

===Religion===
[[File:Malolos basilica.jpg|220px|thumb|Malolos Cathedral-Basilica, the principal church of the city and the Province of Bulacan]]
[[File:Santa Isabel Church Malolos.jpeg|220px|thumb|Santa Isabel de Hungaria Church, built in 1673 as visita of Malolos and became Parish in 1859]]

The Christianization of Malolos was done by the Augustinian Order in May 1572 thru the effort of Fray Diego Vivar-Ordonez (parochial vicar of Calumpit, assistant to Fray Diego Herrera and Martin de Rada) and it became one of the visitas of Parish of Nicolas de Tolentino (became San Juan Bautista in 1576). Since 1572 the apostolic administration in Malolos was under the Convent of Calumpit. On June 11, 1580, the mission chapel was accepted by the Augustinians as House of Order and became ''Iglesia Convento y Malolos'' with visitas of Paombong, Matimbo, Mambog and Quingua in 1581. Later due to the frequent high tides that submerged the area, the friars moved the church to its present location in Poblacion in 1590 under the curate Fray Cristobal Tarique, where they started to build a church made of light materials and wood. In 1599 Fray Roque de Barrionuevo started to build a church made of stone and it was finished in 1673. The majority of the residents are Christians. Roman Catholic is the predominant religion in the city.
[[File:Feast of Sto. Niño de Malolos in Bulacan, Philippines.jpg|thumb|Feast of Sto. Niño de Malolos]]
Until today, the Roman Catholic faith in Malolos remained intensive. It is evident through the existence of the three stone churches. (Malolos Cathedral, Barasoain Church, and the Santa Isabel Church)
Being predominantly Catholic, Malolos, together with the whole province of Bulacan is constituted as ''Vicaria dela Immaculada Concepcion'' in which the (Cura de Malolos is the Vicar Forane). It was part of the Archdiocese of Manila until March 11, 1962, when Pope John XXIII created the Diocese of Malolos making the Malolos Church its cathedral. In March 2012 the Diocese of Malolos will celebrate its 50th anniversary.
It was highlighted by the Canonical Coronation of the patroness and queen of the city and the whole province, ''Virgen Inmaculada Concepción de Malolos'' enshrined at the cathedral's altar.

Other Christian religious groups, such as Methodists, Aglipayans, [[Religion:Adventism|Adventist]]s, Baptists, Mormons, and other Protestant churches, as well as Nontrinitarian churches (like Members Church of God International, Iglesia ni Cristo, and Jehovah's Witness) can be found in the city.

[[Religion:Islam|Islam]] ([[Religion:Muslim|Muslim]]s) could also be found in the city.

== Economy ==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}

=== Commerce ===
[[File:RobinsonsPlaceMalolos.jpg|300px|thumb|Robinsons Place Malolos|left]]
[[File:0785jfThe Cabanas Malolos Bulacan Longos MacArthur Highwayfvf 07.jpg|300px|thumb|The Cabanas Malolos|left]]
The City of Malolos is quickly becoming commercialized due to its proximity to [[Place:Metro Manila|Metro Manila]] and for lying between Manila and Clark, Pampanga. Many corporations have put up commercial sites and banking establishments in various places around the city. Many of the businesses and industries in the city include Banking; Business Process Outsourcing; [[Finance:Courier|Courier Service]]; Education; [[Social:Foodservice|Food Service]]; Hospitals; Hotels, Resorts & Restaurants; Information and Communications Technology; [[Finance:Insurance|Insurance]]; Manpower; ; Realty/Real Property Development; [[Social:Trade|Trade]]; Transport Services; Travel & [[Earth:Tours|Tours]]; and other services. Robinsons Place Malolos is a major shopping mall owned and operated by Robinsons Malls, the Philippines' second largest mall operator. The mall is located at MacArthur Highway, Barangay Sumapang Matanda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mall Info Main|url=http://www.robinsonsmalls.com/mall-info/robinsons-place-malolos|website=Robinsons Malls|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112044211/http://www.robinsonsmalls.com/mall-info/robinsons-place-malolos|url-status=live}}</ref> Other shopping malls in Malolos include the Maunlad Malls 1 and 2, both owned and operated by the Union Bank of the Philippines,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brion|title=Union Bank of the Philippines v. Maunlad Homes|journal=Philippine Reports|date=August 15, 2012|issue=G.R. No. 190071|url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/august2012/190071.pdf|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=October 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012054643/http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/august2012/190071.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Graceland Mall, owned and operated by RMR Group of Companies,<ref>{{cite web|title=Graceland Mall Malolos|url=http://rmrgroupofcompanies.com.ph/index.php/mall-info/graceland-mall-malolos-bulacan|website=RMR Group of Companies|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408193700/http://rmrgroupofcompanies.com.ph/index.php/mall-info/graceland-mall-malolos-bulacan|archive-date=April 8, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vista Mall, Waltermart and Bulacan Eco-Commercial Complex, owned by the Provincial Government of Bulacan.

Chimera Land is an amusement park under construction located in Barangay Sumapang Matanda. Once complete, it will be the first sustainable themed park in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005831|title=International theme park to rise in Malolos City|work=Philippine News Agency|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=August 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815064621/http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005831|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rondabalita.news/chimera-land-theme-park-kauna-unahan-sa-pilipinas-makikita-sa-lungsod-ng-malolos|title=Chimera Land Theme Park Sa Malolos, Kauna-unahan sa 'Pinas! - Ronda Balita|first=Manny D.|last=Balbin|website=rondabalita.news|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=September 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171341/http://rondabalita.news/chimera-land-theme-park-kauna-unahan-sa-pilipinas-makikita-sa-lungsod-ng-malolos|url-status=live}}</ref>

Malolos also serves as the Banking Capital of Bulacan, having the highest number of banking institutions in the province (the city hosts around 46<ref>{{cite web|title=Banks in Malolos Bulacan|url=http://www.yellow-pages.ph/search/banks/malolos-bulacan/page-1|website=yellow-pages.ph|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042608/http://www.yellow-pages.ph/search/banks/malolos-bulacan/page-1|url-status=live}}</ref>), majority of these are located prominent areas of the city, particularly along Paseo del Congreso Avenue.

=== Industry ===
Due to its close proximity in [[Place:Manila|Manila]] and its port, Malolos becomes industrialized. Industrial estates, such as First Bulacan Industrial City, where are more than 20 corporations and companies operating their factories inside the estate are a boom. Mighty Corporation, a major player in the Philippine tobacco industry, operates a tobacco factory in the city.

Other industries such as agribusiness, aquaculture, bag making, ceramics, construction, cement making, flowers/ornamentals, furniture, food processing, garments, gifts, houseware making, decor making, jewelry, leather tanning, marble polishing, metallurgy, printing, shoe manufacturing, and textile manufacturing are also present in the city.

Some of the food products produced in Malolos include ''Empanada de Kaliskis'', Ensaymada Malolos, Inipit, Otap Bread, Atsara, and Bagoong.

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Public transportation in Malolos is served by buses, jeepneys, and UV Express AUVs. The city is also served by Tricycles, which offer their services on a for-hire basis. A bus stop located in Malolos Crossing is served by provincial buses operated by Baliwag Transit, First North Luzon Transit, and Victory Liner to Cubao and Monumento. Robinsons Place Malolos is the terminus of Point-to-point buses from Trinoma, and modernized jeepneys from San Fernando, Pampanga.

Malolos is known for its Karatig Jeepneys which serves as an intra-city public transportation. The name itself came from the word ''karatig'', which means nearby places or barangays. The Karatig jeepney is the smaller version of the jeepneys which usually have the size of about 3-meters long and can board 8-10 commuters at the back plus 2 passengers in the front seat. Longer models can accommodate about 10–12. Its capacity varies according to the jeep's length and size. There are two Karatig routes around Malolos.<ref name=Karatig>{{cite web |title=KARATIG JEEPNEY: Little Jeepneys of Malolos |url=http://www.bulakenyo.ph/karatig-jeepney-the-cute-little-jeepneys-of-malolos/ |access-date=January 11, 2018 |location=Malolos, Philippines |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112044707/http://www.bulakenyo.ph/karatig-jeepney-the-cute-little-jeepneys-of-malolos/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

There was a railway service in the city served by the Philippine National Railways (PNR). However, in 1988 the North Main Line of the PNR was closed and train services in Malolos ceased immediately.<ref name="PNR history">{{cite web|url=http://pnr.gov.ph/history.htm |title=Brief history of PNR |publisher=Philippine National Railways (February 27, 2009) |access-date=November 4, 2011<!-->at [[Internet Archive]]<--> |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227040648/http://pnr.gov.ph/history.htm |archive-date=February 27, 2009 }}</ref> On November 20, 2003, in an attempt to revive the railway service, North Luzon Railways Corporation and China National Machinery and Equipment Group (CNMEG) executed a Contract Agreement for the construction of Section I, Phase I of the North Luzon Railway System from Caloocan to Malolos on a turnkey basis. The project was worth $421,050,000. However, on February 13, 2006, a controversy arose from the project and the project was placed on halt indefinitely.<ref name="CNMEG">{{cite journal|last1=Carpio|title=China National Machinery and Equipment Group vs. Santa Maria|date=February 7, 2012|issue=G.R. No. 185572|url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/february2012/185572.htm|access-date=January 11, 2018|archive-date=January 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111130856/http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2012/february2012/185572.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the project was revived and was called [[Engineering:North–South Commuter Railway|North South Commuter Railway]] with funds sourced from Japan through a loan. On January 5, 2018, the Department of Transportation broke ground for the first phase of the PNR Clark Line.<ref>{{cite news|title=Manila-Malolos railway construction to start this year|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/12/17/manila-malolos-railway-construction-to-start-this-year|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=January 12, 2017|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042351/http://news.abs-cbn.com/business/01/12/17/manila-malolos-railway-construction-to-start-this-year|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Estrope|first1=Carmela|title=Tugade on P105-B railway project: Time to stop talking, start working|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/958491/tugade-on-p105-b-railway-project-time-to-stop-talking-start-working|access-date=January 11, 2018|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=January 9, 2018|archive-date=January 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224132/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/958491/tugade-on-p105-b-railway-project-time-to-stop-talking-start-working|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Talete|first1=Hannibal|title=TRAIN TO BULACAN:DOTr breaks ground for Tutuban-Malolos segment of PNR Clark project|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/train-to-bulacan-dotr-breaks-ground-for-tutuban-malolos-segment-of-pnr-clark-project/|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=InterAksyon|publisher=InterAksyon|date=January 5, 2018|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112102316/http://www.interaksyon.com/train-to-bulacan-dotr-breaks-ground-for-tutuban-malolos-segment-of-pnr-clark-project/|url-status=live}}</ref> When re-opened, the Malolos Station will serve as the temporary terminus until the completion of PNR Clark 2.

===Utilities===
Water services are provided by the City of Malolos Water District (CMWD). The CMWD also provide water services on some barangays in the neighboring towns of Paombong and Hagonoy. Since 2012, the city is suffering from recurring water shortages.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Balabo|first1=Dino|title=Bulacan villages run out of water|url=http://beta.philstar.com/headlines/2012/05/02/802418/bulacan-villages-run-out-water|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=The Philippine Star|date=May 2, 2012|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042439/http://beta.philstar.com/headlines/2012/05/02/802418/bulacan-villages-run-out-water|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kawalan ng suplay ng tubig sa Bulacan, inireklamo|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/24/17/kawalan-ng-suplay-ng-tubig-sa-bulacan-inireklamo|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=June 24, 2017|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042433/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/24/17/kawalan-ng-suplay-ng-tubig-sa-bulacan-inireklamo|url-status=live}}</ref> Electric services are provided by Meralco, the sole electric power distributor in Malolos.

==Government==
===Local government===

The city is led by Mayor Christian D. Natividad, often referred to as his nickname "'''Agila'''". Natividad previously served as the local chief executive from 2010 to 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resume of Mayor Christian D. Natividad {{!}} PDF {{!}} Philippines {{!}} Government |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/465113924/Resume-of-Mayor-Christian-D-Natividad |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref> before unsuccessfully running for Governor of Bulacan during the 2019 Philippine general elections. He lost to incumbent governor Daniel Fernando who previously served as vice-governor for three terms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balbin |first=Manny |date=May 17, 2019 |title=Actor Daniel Fernando proclaimed Bulacan guv |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070075 |access-date=January 30, 2024 |website=pna.gov.ph}}</ref> In 2022, he ran for Mayor for his fourth term as a whole, but his first term non-consecutively, defeating former tandem mate and running-mate Bebong Gatchalian.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silverio |first=Frederick |date=2022-07-02 |title=New mayor sworn into office by opponent |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/02/news/regions/new-mayor-sworn-into-office-by-opponent/1849473 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref> The vice mayor is Miguel Alberto Bautista. Bautista was a third-party contender among the running mates of the mayoral candidates in the 2022 Philippine general elections.[[File:Malolos City Hall (MacArthur highway, Malolos, Bulacan; 06-12-2021).jpg|thumb|New Malolos City Hall|314x314px]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Office
!Officeholder
!Term-in-office
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
!Mayor of Malolos
|Atty. Christian "Agila" D. Natividad
|30 June 2022 - present
| style="background:{{party color|PDP-Laban}};" |
|[[Social:PDP–Laban|PDP–Laban]]
|-
!Vice Mayor of Malolos
|Miguel Alberto T. Bautista
|30 June 2022 - present
| style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
|Aksyon<ref name=":0">Stylized as ''Aksyon Malolos'' during the 2022 campaign.</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" |City Council Members (10)
|-
| colspan="2" |Francisco J. Castro
| rowspan="10" |30 June 2022 - present
| style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
|National Unity Party
|-
| colspan="2" |John Vincent G. Vitug III
| style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
|National Unity Party
|-
| colspan="2" |Niño Carlo C. Bautista
| style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
|National Unity Party
|-
| colspan="2" |Michael M. Aquino
| style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
|Aksyon<ref name=":0" />
|-
| colspan="2" |Miguel Carlos B. Soto
| style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
|National Unity Party
|-
| colspan="2" |Edgardo F. Domingo
| style="background:{{party color|National Unity Party (Philippines)}};" |
|National Unity Party
|-
| colspan="2" |Therese Cheryll B. Ople
| style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
|Aksyon<ref name=":0" />
|-
| colspan="2" |Victorino M. Aldaba III
| style="background:{{party color|PDP-Laban}};" |
|[[Social:PDP–Laban|PDP–Laban]]
|-
| colspan="2" |Emmanuel R. Sacay
| style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
|Aksyon<ref name=":0" />
|-
| colspan="2" |Dennis D. San Diego
| style="background:{{party color|Aksyon Demokratiko}};" |
|Aksyon<ref name=":0" />
|}
**

==Culture==
===Heritage and tourism===

{{Infobox historic site
| name                 = Malolos Historic Town Center
| native_name          = 
| native_language      = 
| image                = Camestisuhan District.jpeg
| caption              = The Historic Town Center of Malolos was declared as one of the Philippine Heritage Sites in August 2001.
| type                 = 
| location             = City of Malolos, Bulacan, {{wipe|Philippines}} 3000
| area                 = 
| built                = 
| architect            = 
| architecture         = 
| governing_body       = National Historical Commission of the Philippines
| owner                = 
| designation1         = 
| designation1_offname = 
| designation1_date    = August 15, 2001
| designation1_number  = 
}}
[[File:Antonio Bautista Mansion.jpeg|right|250px|thumb|Don Antonio Bautista's mansion]]

Malolos is hailed as the Premiere Heritage City of Bulacan. Many ancestral houses from the Spanish and American periods, Spanish colonial churches and chapels, historical sites and landmarks, and even structures such as walls and bridges with heritage and historical value are found around the city. Some of these were already marked by National Historical Institute while others are marked by the City Government. The historic town center of Malolos was declared National Heritage Landmark on August 15, 2001, under the name of Malolos Heritage Town.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malolos' Kamestisuhan could rival Vigan's Mestizo District as heritage site |url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/230187/malolos-kamestisuhan-could-rival-vigans-mestizo-district-as-heritage-site/ |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |access-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-date=July 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714114327/http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/230187/malolos-kamestisuhan-could-rival-vigans-mestizo-district-as-heritage-site/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Barasoain Church, erected in 1885, was the site of the very First Philippine Congress on September 15, 1898, and the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic on January 23, 1899. In this church the Oath of Office of Emilio Aguinaldo and Joseph Estrada as Philippine presidents took place. Within the premises of Barasoain Church, there are other historical markers installed by National Historical Commission, such as the Universidad Literaria y Scienifico de Filipina at Malolos Convent, General Emilio Aguinaldo Monument at Barasoain patio, and First Philippine Republic marker installed at the left side of the main lateral wall of the church.

The Malolos Cathedral, originally a visita of Tondo in 1572 and became town parish on June 11, 1580, serves the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos from 1962. It served as Presidential Palace during First Republic. It was marked by National Historical Institute in 1956.<ref name="BM Malolos">{{cite news |last1=Go |first1=Marky |title=Malolos City: Of women's libber, freedom fighters and olden days heritage |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/malolos-city-of-womens-libber-freedom-fighters-and-olden-days-heritage/ |work=BusinessMirror |access-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-date=July 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722131336/https://businessmirror.com.ph/malolos-city-of-womens-libber-freedom-fighters-and-olden-days-heritage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Casa Real de Malolos, originally built in 1580, served as Casa Tribunal and Casa Presidencia of the town gobernadorcillo. It became the Spanish treasury in 1673. Declared National Shrine on October 4, 1965. Now it is the Museum of Philippine Political History

Gobierno Militar dela Plaza, ancestral house of Doña Gregoria Vasquez Adriano, became headquarters of Gobierno Militar de la Plaza during 1898–1899, marked and declared heritage site in 1998

Other historical heritage landmarks marked by the National Historical Institute are:
*Jose Cojuanco Shrine, the ancestral house of Cojuangcos, was marked and declared heritage site in 2009
*Paaralan ng mg Kababaihan ng malolos, ruins of the actual site of the school of the women of Malolos established in 1889.
*Pook na Sinilangan ni Isidoro Matanglawin-Torres, actual site of the birthplace of General Isidoro Torres at Barrio Matimbo, a Katipunan General, marked by National Historical Institute.
(Pook na Sinilangan ni Guillermo Tolentino, ancestral house of National Artist Guillermo Tolentino, marked by National Historical Commission of the Philippines in 2012.
* Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos House, house of Doña Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos, leader of the famed 20 Women of Malolos. Declared a National Heritage House in 2012 and currently houses the Museum of the Women of Malolos, curated by Carlo Herrera.

Other sites that possess heritage and historical value but are not currently marked by the National Historical Institute:
* Casa Tribunal de Malolos, 2nd town hall of Malolos at Calle Pariancillo.
* Bulacan Capitol Building, built in 1930 in Art Deco style, designed by Juan Arellano.
* Malolos Municipal Building, built in 1940 in Neo-Classical style at the bank of Liyang River opposite to the cathedral.
* Santa Isabel de Hungria Church and Convent, another Malolos Colonial Church built in 1859.
* Don Ramon Gonzales de Leon House, Gobernadorcillo, built in 1923.
* Don Antonio Bautista House, Aguinaldo Ayunda de Campo, built in 1820 and renovated by Isabelo Tampinco it is the original house of Doña Rufina Tanjosoy.
* Don Jose Bautista, built in 1877 in Art Nouveau manner, ancestral house of Don Jose Bautista, husband of Doña Rufina Tanjosoy.
* Dr. Luis Santos House, art deco house built in 1933 house of Malolos renowned eye doctor. Dr. Luis is a son of Doña Alberta Uitangcoy.
* Hermogenes Reyes House, built in 1904.
* Don Santiago Cruz House at Pariancillo, Barrio Santiago, ancestral house of then Gobernadorcillo Santiago.
* Mariano Crisostomo House I, house of Liberal Gobernadorcillo Don Mariano Crisostomo Calle M. Tengco
* Mariano Crisostomo House II, another house of Mariano Crisostomo located at Calle Estrella, barrio Santo Rosario
* Aguas Potables de Malolos, American Period water cistern built in 1923 by Mayor Mariano Santos-Tengco.
* Tomas Tanchangco House II, another ancestral house of Gobernadorcillo Don Tomas Tanchangco at Calle Tenjeco, Sa Vicente.
* Santo Rosario Chapel, barrio chapel built in 1870 used as temporary town Church when the revolutionaries burned the main town church in 1899.
* Iglesia Filipina Independiente, built in 1903 Bulacan Cathedral of Iglesia Filipina Independietne, also known as Aglipay.
* Atlag Methodist Church, one of the first Methodist Churches in the Philippines also built in 1903.
* Bulacan High School, 1905 ruins of the first secondary high school built by Thomasites in Malolos.
* 1913 Gabaldon Building of Malolos Central School
* 1919 Logia Malolos No. 46 was constituted and later in 1921, Templo Plaridel which housed Logia Malolos No. 46 was erected in Sto. Rosario.  Its first venerable master was Nicolas Buendia, who later became its mayor, then Governor of Bulacan, then Senator of the Commonwealth under Pres. Manuel L. Quezon.

===Feasts and festivals===
Dubbed as the Bulacan's City of Festivals, Malolos boasts with many feasts and festivals every year. Some festivals are civic festivities and most are religious festivals.
* ''Singkaban Festival'' (Sining at Kalinangan ng Bulacan), a festival of arts and culture in honor of Capitol's patron saint, "Our Lady of Victory", showcasing the traditional arts of "Balagtasan", "''Kundiman''" and folk dances amidst of the "Singkaban" arches. The festival is celebrated in every second week of September which is in conjunction with the "Linggo ng Bulacan" (Held during September 8–15), A province-wide, week-long celebration consisting of various colourful cultural presentations, art and culinary exhibits, arts and skills contests, and the prestigious annual Dangal ng Lipi Awards Night and concluding with the anniversary of the opening of the Malolos Congress. Yearly, its activities vary depending upon the chosen theme for the year. This festival is named after the special "BAMBOO ART" abundantly known to the Bulacan province especially in Malolos and Hagonoy where Singkaban Art originated.[[File:Santo Nino de Malolos.jpg|thumb|334x334px|Image of the Santo Niño de Malolos during the ''Santo Niño de Malolos Festival'' in 2024.]]
[[File:Malolos Singkaban Arch.jpeg|right|250px|thumb|Malolos version of Singkaban made in Pulo, Barihan]]
* ''Santo Niño de Malolos Festival'' – This is held during the last Sunday of January, The biggest and largest expression of devotion to the Holy Child Jesus in the Luzon island, celebrated every last Sunday of January. The festivities begin with an exhibit of "Santo Niño" (Holy Child) and culminate in a grand procession of hundreds of folk, antique and new statues of the Holy Child in different depictions. The highlight of this festival is the hundred-year-old antique miraculous image of Senor Sto Nino de Malolos.
* ''Pista ng Santisima Trinidad na Matanda'' - held annually on Trinity Sunday, it is commonly called ''Pista ng Santisima Trinidad'' and other called it "Pista ng Barihan" because Barangays of Barihan, Santisima Trinidad and Pinagbakahan were having one fiesta and one common church in a reason still unknown to the elderly since Spanish period. This fiesta started since the 18th century, where thousands of people from different towns and provinces attending this fiesta and flocks into the Old Chapel to pray for petition and wishes. It is not only at Fiesta but every Fridays and Sundays of the year. It is also dub by the Diocese of Malolos as "Quiapo ng Bulacan". The Fiesta highlights is the public exposition of the miraculous and highly venerated antique icons of the Holy Trinity, during procession attended by other holy images from all parts of the province.

The four holy processional icons are:
* ''Santisima Trinidad de Mayor'' - oil on canvas, the back of the canvass exposed a date of January 10, 1500, and is thus the oldest Catholic icon in the Philippines. It is considered very miraculous by majority faithful.
* ''Santisima Trinidad na Bata'' - oil on rosewood, a 1762 icon is the second-oldest among the processional icons.
* ''Santisima Trinidad de Trisagio'' - the last and youngest of the three holy icons depicting the "biblical trinity"
* The fourth venerated icon, the ''Santisima Trinidad de Original'', it was the nucleus of the chapel, the site was farmland. This icon was enshrined in the Santisima Trinidad Chapel's main retablo. Sadly it was stolen on October 27, 1981, after Pistang Maliit and remains lost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2011/12/10/santisima-trinidad-of-malolos-bulacan |title=Santisima Trinidad of Malolos, Bulacan « Museo Santisima Trinidad |publisher=Curatormuseo.wordpress.com |date=December 15, 2011 |access-date=March 9, 2012 |archive-date=March 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308214536/http://curatormuseo.wordpress.com/2011/12/10/santisima-trinidad-of-malolos-bulacan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
All of these antique and miraculous images are in the custody of the Bisitang Matanda ng Santisima Trinidad and can be visited and seen at the houses of the designated annual Hermano.
* ''Pabukang Puso'' — held every March 19 in Panasahan, commemorates the death of St. Joseph the Worker, Foster-father of Jesus. It is annually held at the front house of Roxas clan in Panasahan, whose patriarch, Valentin Roxas, started it in 1975. This tradition still continues until present day where the younger generations of the clan organising it.
* ''Pag-akyat Festival'' — one of the traditionally-preserved feasts in the city, held in Barangay Atlag. It culminates the Ascension of Our Lord.
* ''Fiesta Republica'' (A Festival of the Philippine History) - held during every third week of January and celebration of the First Philippine Republic, held since 2011

===Parks and museums===
[[File:Parkmalolosjf.JPG|250px|thumb|Capitol Mini-Forest and Children's Park.]]
[[File:0673jfMalolos City, Bulacan Roads Shrine Landmarksfvf 16.jpg|250px|thumb|The Museum of Philippine Political History]]
[[File:Oplejf.JPG|250px|thumb|Gat Blas F. Ople Sentro ng Kabataan, Sining at Kultura ng Bulacan.]]
* Hardin ng mga Bayani at Sining also known as Capitol Mini-Forest and Children's Park, in Provincial Capitol Compound
* Bulacan Heroes Park in Bulacan State University
* Mini Rizal Park in Bulacan State University
* Museo ng Bulacan, Hiyas ng Bulacan Museum Complex, located 500 m from Barasoain Church, is a cultural center and museum that houses the works, artifacts, relics and manuscripts of Francisco Balagtas, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Gregorio del Pilar, Mariano Ponce and other famous men of Bulacan.
* Casa Real Shrine, now Museum of Philippine Political History<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nhcp.gov.ph/museums/case-real-shrine/|title=Museo ng Kasaysayang Pampulitika ng Pilipinas|access-date=February 7, 2022|archive-date=February 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207043419/https://nhcp.gov.ph/museums/case-real-shrine/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abante-tonite.com/political-history-museum-binuksan-ni-robredo.htm|title=Political history museum binuksan ni Robredo|date=October 13, 2016|access-date=September 17, 2017|archive-date=September 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917171501/http://www.abante-tonite.com/political-history-museum-binuksan-ni-robredo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Barasoain Museum, located across the hall of the Barasoain Convent, is managed by the National Historical Institute.  Its corridors are hung with historical photographs of Bulacan and different rooms relate how democracy was established in the country.  Open daily, 8 am – 5 pm.  Admission is free.  The church and convent were declared as a National Landmark on August 1, 1973, under Presidential Decree No. 260 and both underwent a thorough restoration under the supervision of the National Historical Commission.
* Museo Diocesano de Malolos, an ecclesiastical art museum housed also at the Barasoain Convent, is managed by the Diocese of Malolos.  It houses relics and religious items such as original 19th century baptismal records of Marcelo Hilario (a.k.a. Marcelo H. del Pilar), Francisco Baltazar (a.k.a. Francisco Balagtas) and Gregorio del Pilar; a bone fragment of San Vicente Ferrer encased in glass; priestly robes embroidered with gold-plated silver threads, antique prayer cards and altar frontals from different churches.
* Museum of the Women of Malolos, found in the Uitangcoy-Santos House, this museum has four exhibit halls and a lecture hall of collections relative to the women's historical narrative. It is curated by the fifth-generation grandson of Alberta Uitangcoy-Santos, Carlo Herrera.

===Shopping===
'''Robinsons Place Malolos''' is the 35th mall in Robinsons Malls' nationwide chain and its second in Bulacan. This four-storey shopping center with a multi-level parking area, has a department store, a supermarket and a cinema of its own. This mall also offers a wide selection of restaurants and fast-food outlets, fashion boutiques, tech and service stores as well as health and beauty clinics.

===Sports===
[[File:2397Malolos Sports Convention Centerfvf 15.JPG|250px|thumb|Malolos Sports & Convention Center]]

Malolos has sports venues, such as the Bulacan Sports Complex and Malolos Sports and Convention Center. The Bulacan Sports Complex houses a track field, a football field, basketball courts, an oval, and a lap pool. Both the Bulacan Sports Complex and Malolos Sports & Convention Center had hosted several regional, provincial, and city sports events, such as the 2017 Central Luzon Regional Athletic Association,<ref>{{cite news|title=C. Luzon athletes plunge to action in 2017 CLRAA|url=https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/02/06/c-luzon-athletes-plunge-to-action-in-2017-clraa/|access-date=March 6, 2018|work=Manila Bulletin|date=February 6, 2017|archive-date=March 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023000/https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/02/06/c-luzon-athletes-plunge-to-action-in-2017-clraa/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Republica Cup, an invitational sports tournament held annually.<ref>{{cite web|title=2017 Republica Cup|url=https://www.spin.ph/tag/2017-republica-cup|website=Spin.ph|access-date=March 6, 2018|archive-date=March 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307023052/https://www.spin.ph/tag/2017-republica-cup|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:2343jfCentro Escolar University Malolos Campusfvf 21.JPG|250px|thumb|Centro Escolar University Malolos Campus]]
Malolos is hailed as one of the centers of education in Central Luzon region. It has several universities such as the government-funded Bulacan State University, and privately owned Centro Escolar University at Malolos and La Consolacion University Philippines. There are private tertiary schools. It also houses the most populous high school in Central Luzon, Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School, founded in 1905.

The city has 9 public high schools and 45 public elementary schools under the authority of Department of Education Division of City Schools of Malolos. The city schools are divided into two educational districts for representational purposes. There are also privately owned and church-operated schools established in the city. These private schools are members of Malolos City Private schools Association (MACIPRISA). Technical schools and computer colleges can also be found in the city.

==Social services==

===Housing===
The Malolos hosts more than 51 residential subdivisions and the Northville 8 Resettlement Project of the Philippine government.

===Health===
The City Health Office of Malolos is responsible for the planning and implementation of the health care programs provided by the city government. It currently operates seven health centers. The Bulacan Medical Center (formerly Bulacan Provincial Hospital),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2008/06/13/PROV20080613127190.html|title=Newly built Bulacan hospital inaugurated|website=Manila Bulletin }}</ref> operated by the provincial government of Bulacan, is also located in the city.

Private hospitals can also be found in the city. Some of the private hospitals that operate in the city are Sacred Heart Hospital, Santos General Hospital, Malolos Maternity Hospital, Malolos San Ildefonso County Hospital, Ofelia Mendoza Maternity and General Hospital, and the Graman Medical and Maternity Hospital.

==Sister cities==
*{{flagicon|PHI}} Bayambang, Pangasinan<ref name=MalBay>{{cite web|title=Malolos City Adopts Bayambang as Sister Town|date=May 26, 2017|url=http://www.bayambang.gov.ph/2017/05/26/malolos-city-adopts-bayambang-as-sister-town/|access-date=January 11, 2018|location=Malolos, Philippines|archive-date=December 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212125412/https://www.bayambang.gov.ph/2017/05/26/malolos-city-adopts-bayambang-as-sister-town/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GUM}} Hagåtña, Guam<ref>{{cite web|title=Guam, Philippines share long history of sister cities|url=http://www.guampdn.com/story/news/2017/06/17/guam-philippines-share-long-history-sister-cities/402603001/|website=Pacific Daily News|date=June 17, 2017 |access-date=January 12, 2018|archive-date=October 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021145752/https://router.infolinks.com/usync/manage?pid=3119781&wsid=0&pdom=www.guampdn.com&purl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampdn.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fguam-philippines-share-long-history-of-sister-cities%2Farticle_aa7d3fc9-02a0-5ac3-b6e6-9e6658f6183e.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.maloloscity.bulacan.ph Malolos City Bulacan]
* [http://www.spmaloloscity.ph Sangguniang Panlungsod of Malolos]
* [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8754.html Malolos City Charter]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081020092958/http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=14&q=SBN-1986 Senate Bill 1986 – Amending Malolos City Charter, "THE LONE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF THE CITY OF MALOLOS"]
* [http://www.bulacan.gov.ph Official Website of the Province of Bulacan]
* [http://www.bulacan.gov.ph/malolos/index.php Malolos City on the Official Website of Bulacan]
* [http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/republic.html The Malolos Republic]
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/pop/malolos.htm The First Philippine Republic at Malolos]
* [http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/constitution.html The Malolos Constitution (Translated in English)]
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081120024509/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2007/index.html Philippine Census Information]
* [http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/pop/malolos2.htm The American Occupation of Malolos (1899)]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Place:Bacoor|Bacoor]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Capital of the Philippines|years=1898–1899}}
{{s-aft|after=San Isidro, Nueva Ecija}}
{{s-bef|before=Bulakan}}
{{s-ttl|title=Capital of Bulacan|years=1901–present}}
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{{s-end}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Malolos
| North     = Plaridel
| East      = Guiguinto<br />Bulakan
| South     = ''Manila Bay''
| West      = Paombong
| Northwest = Calumpit
}}

{{Navboxes
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[[Category:Former national capitals]]

{{Sourceattribution|Malolos}}