View source for Place:Maputo

{{short description|Capital and chief port of Mozambique}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Maputo
| other_name               = Lourenço Marques{{efn|Official name until 1976.}}
| settlement_type          = City and Province
| image_skyline            = File:Maputo montage.png
| imagesize                = 300px
| image_caption            = Clockwise, from top: Maputo skyline, Maputo City Hall, Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Maputo Railway Station, Port of Maputo, Avenida 24 de Julho, and the Samora Machel Statue in Independence Square
| image_flag               = Flag of Maputo.png
| image_seal               = 
| map_caption              = Location in Mozambique
| pushpin_map              = Mozambique
| pushpin_relief           = 1
| pushpin_mapsize          = 200
| coordinates              = {{coord|25|58|S|32|35|E|region:MZ|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Mozambique}}
| subdivision_type1        = 
| subdivision_name1        = 
| subdivision_type2        = 
| subdivision_name2        = 
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1781
| established_title1       = Established (town)
| established_date1        = 9 December 1876
| established_title2       = Elevated (city)
| established_date2        = 10 November 1887
| established_title3       = Elevated (capital)
| established_date3        = 1898
| leader_title1            = Municipal Council President
| leader_name1             = Eneas Comiche
| leader_title2            = Governor
| leader_name2             = Iolanda Cintura
| area_total_km2           = 347.69
| elevation_m              = 47
| population_total         = 1,088,449
| population_as_of         = 2017 census
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_metro         = 1766823
| timezone                 = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset               = +2
| postal_code_type         = Postal code
| postal_code              = 0101-XX, 0102-XX, 0103-XX, 0104-XX, 0105-XX, 0106-XX, 0107-XX
| area_code_type           = Area Code & Prefix
| area_code                = (+258) 21-XX-XX-XX
| iso_code                 = MZ
| blank_name               = [[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info               = [[Earth:Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Engineering:Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)
| blank_info_sec1          = 0.625<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2021-10-24}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|medium}} · 1st
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.cmmaputo.gov.mz}}
| name                     = 
| population_est           = 1,124,988<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/projeccoes-da-populacao-2017-2050/maputo-cidade.xls/view|title=Population Projections for Maputo|author=National Institute of Statistics|access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref>
| native_name_lang         = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 2020
| image_blank_emblem       = 
| blank_emblem_alt         = Emblem
| image_shield             = Brasão Maputo.jpg
}}

'''Maputo''' ({{IPA-pt|mɐˈputu}}) is the capital, and largest city of Mozambique. Located near the southern end of the country, it is within {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=off}} of the borders with Eswatini and {{wipe|South Africa}}. The city has a population of 1,088,449 (as of 2017<ref name="INE_01">{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.gov.mz/iv-rgph-2017/maputo-cidade/quadro-1-populacao-recenseada-por-area-de-residencia-e-categoria-censitaria-segundo-sexo-e-idade-maputo-cidade-2017.xlsx/view |title=DIVULGAÇÃO OS DADOS DEFINITIVOS IV RGPH 2017 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística |date=29 December 2017 |access-date=16 February 2020}}</ref>) distributed over a land area of {{cvt|347.69|km2|sqmi}}. The Maputo metropolitan area includes the neighbouring city of [[Place:Matola|Matola]], and has a total population of 2,717,437. Maputo is a port city, with an economy centered on commerce. It is also noted for its vibrant cultural scene and distinctive, eclectic architecture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/09/travel/in-search-of-the-real-africa-in-mozambique.html|title=In Search of the 'Real Africa' in Mozambique|last=Kugel|first=Seth|date=2014-03-04|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iywtDwAAQBAJ|title=Mozambique|last=Briggs|first=Philip|date=2017-08-14|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=9781784770556|pages=87|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwTWm-wMdqQC|title=Mozambique|last=King|first=David C.|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761423317|pages=74|language=en}}</ref> Maputo was formerly named '''Lourenço Marques''' until 1976.

Maputo is situated on a large natural bay on the [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]], near where the rivers Tembe, Mbuluzi, Matola and Infulene converge. The city consists of seven administrative divisions, which are each subdivided into quarters or ''bairros''. The city is surrounded by Maputo Province, but is administered as a self-contained, separate province since 1998. Maputo City is the geographically smallest and most densely populated province in Mozambique.<ref name=":0"/> Maputo is a cosmopolitan city, with [[Social:Bantu languages|Bantu]], [[Social:Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and, to a lesser extent, [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]], [[Social:Gujarati language|Indian]], and [[Social:Chinese language|Chinese]] languages and cultures present.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

The area on which Maputo stands was first settled as a fishing village by ancient Tsonga people.<ref name=":1" /> It was soon named Lourenço Marques, after the navigator of the same name who explored the area in 1544. The modern city traces its origins to a Portuguese fort established on the site in 1781. A town grew around the fort starting around 1850, and in 1877 it was elevated to city status. In 1898, the colony of Portuguese Mozambique relocated its capital there. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lourenço Marques grew both in population and economic development as a port city. Upon Mozambican independence in 1975, the city became the national capital and was renamed Maputo. During the Mozambican Civil War, the city's economy was devastated. When the war ended, the FRELIMO government launched a program to revive the city's economy, and to clean up the city by forcibly removing criminals, squatters, and undocumented residents.

Maputo has a number of landmarks, including Independence Square, City Hall, Maputo Fortress, the central market, Tunduru Gardens, and Maputo Railway Station. Maputo is known as an aesthetically attractive, if dilapidated, city. With wide avenues lined by [[Biology:Jacaranda mimosifolia|jacaranda]] and [[Biology:Acacia|acacia]] trees, it has earned the nicknames ''City of Acacias''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://venturesafrica.com/discovering-africa-maputo-the-city-of-acacias/|title=Discovering Africa: Maputo, The 'City Of Acacias' - Ventures Africa|date=2014-07-06|work=Ventures Africa|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US}}</ref> and the ''Pearl of the Indian Ocean''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mozambique-secret-beach-travel-guide|title=A Guide to Mozambique's Best-Kept Secret Beaches|work=Vogue|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en}}</ref> The city is known for its distinct, eclectic architecture, with Portuguese colonial [[History:Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] and Manueline styles alongside modern art deco, [[Engineering:Bauhaus|bauhaus]], tropical modernism and Brutalist buildings.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/life/2017-10-09-be-sultry-in-a-city-that-lives-life-intensely/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326093100/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/life/2017-10-09-be-sultry-in-a-city-that-lives-life-intensely/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-03-26|title=Be sultry in a city that lives life intensely|last=Buitendach|first=Sarah|date=2017-10-09|work=BusinessDay|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/arts/design/architecture-of-independence-in-africas-fast-growing-cities.html|title='Architecture of Independence' in Africa's Fast-Growing Cities|last=Farago|first=Jason|date=2017-03-16|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The historic ''Baixa de Maputo'' district is the downtown area. Maputo has a vibrant cultural scene, with many restaurants, music and performance venues, and local film industry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/travel/article/mozambique-maputo-boomtown/index.html|title=Maputo, capital of Mozambique, is on the rise|date=2015-03-16|work=CNN Travel|access-date=2017-12-21|language=en}}</ref> Maputo's economy is centred around its port, through which much of Mozambique's imports and exports are shipped. The chief exports include [[Biology:Cotton|cotton]], [[Chemistry:Sugar|sugar]], [[Chemistry:Chromite|chromite]], [[Biology:Sisal|sisal]], copra, and [[Biology:Hardwood|hardwood]]. In addition to trade, the city has robust manufacturing and [[Finance:Tertiary sector of the economy|service]] sectors. Several colleges and universities are located in Maputo, including [[Organization:Pedagogical University|Pedagogical University]], São Tomás University, Catholic University of Mozambique, and [[Organization:Eduardo Mondlane University|Eduardo Mondlane University]], the oldest in the country.

==History==
[[File:Lourenco-Marques-pc-c1905.jpg|thumb|left|View of Lourenço Marques, c. 1905]]
[[File:Cathedral_of_maputo_01.jpg|thumb|Cathedral of Maputo]]

On the northern bank of Espírito Santo Estuary of Delagoa Bay, an inlet of the [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]], Lourenço Marques was named after the Portuguese navigator who, with António Caldeira, was sent in 1544 by the governor of Mozambique on a voyage of exploration.<ref>Britannica,[https://www.britannica.com/place/Maputo Maputo], britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> They explored the lower courses of the rivers emptying their waters into Delagoa Bay, notably the Espírito Santo. The forts and trading stations that the Portuguese established, abandoned and reoccupied on the north bank of the river were all named "Lourenço Marques".{{cn|date=July 2023}} The existing town dates from about 1850, with the previous settlement having been entirely destroyed by the natives. The town developed around a Portuguese fortress completed in 1787.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

On 9 December 1876, Lourenço Marques was elevated to the status of village, and on the 10 November 1887 it became a city.<ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Maputo Maputo], britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> The Luso-British conflict for the possession of Lourenço Marques ended on the 24th of July 1875 with Patrice de MacMahon, the French President, ruling in favour of Portugal.

In 1871, the town was described as a poor place, with narrow streets, fairly good flat-roofed houses, grass huts, decayed forts, and a rusty cannon, enclosed by a recently erected wall {{convert|6|ft|order=flip}} high and protected by bastions at intervals. The growing importance of the Transvaal led, however, to greater interest being taken back in Portugal in the development of a port. A commission was sent by the Portuguese government in 1876 to drain the marshy land near the settlement, to plant the blue gum tree, and to build a hospital and a church. A city since 1887, it superseded the Island of Mozambique as the capital of Mozambique in 1898. In 1895, the opening of the NZASM railroad to [[Place:Pretoria|Pretoria]], {{wipe|South Africa}}, caused the city's population to grow. The Witwatersrand Gold Rush, which began in 1886, also increased the economic development of the city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Lourenço Marques served as the closest seaport for the export of gold from South Africa.<ref name="AndersenJenkins2015">{{cite journal|last1=Andersen|first1=Jørgen Eskemose|last2=Jenkins|first2=Paul|last3=Nielsen|first3=Morten|title=Who Plans the African city? A Case Study of Maputo: Part 1 – the Structural Context|journal=International Development Planning Review|volume=37|issue=3|year=2015|pages=334|doi=10.3828/idpr.2015.20}}</ref>

[[File:Admiralty Chart No 646 Porto de Lourenco Marques, Published 1951.jpg|thumb|left|1951 nautical chart of the port of Lourenço Marques]]
In the early 20th century, with a well equipped seaport, with piers, quays, landing sheds and electric cranes which enabled large vessels to discharge cargoes direct into the railway trucks, Lourenço Marques developed under Portuguese rule and achieved great importance as a lively cosmopolitan city. It was served by British, Portuguese, and German liners, and the majority of its imported goods were shipped to Southampton, [[Place:Lisbon|Lisbon]], and [[Place:Hamburg|Hamburg]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

With the continuous growth of the city's population due to its expanding economy centred on the seaport, from the 1940s Portugal's administration built a network of primary and secondary schools, industrial and commercial schools as well as the first university in the region. The University of Lourenço Marques was opened in 1962. Portuguese, Islamic (including Ismailis), Indian (including from [[History:Portuguese India|Portuguese India]]) and Chinese (including Macanese) communities — but not the unskilled African majority — achieved great prosperity by developing the industrial and commercial sectors of the city. Urban areas of Mozambique grew quickly in this period due to the lack of restriction on the internal migration of indigenous Mozambicans, a situation that differed from the apartheid policies of neighbouring South Africa.<ref name="AndersenJenkins2015"/> Before Mozambique's independence in 1975, thousands of tourists from {{wipe|South Africa}} and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) frequented the city and its scenic beaches, high-quality hotels, restaurants, casinos, and brothels.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUuUybBmqDc "Lourenço Marques a cidade feitiço" on YouTube], a film of Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique in 1970.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NkVCcZ_OH0 "Lourenco Marques" on YouTube], a film of Lourenço Marques, Portuguese Mozambique.</ref>

The Mozambique Liberation Front, or FRELIMO, formed in Tanzania in 1962 and led by Eduardo Mondlane, fought for independence from Portuguese rule. The Mozambican War of Independence lasted over 10 years, ending only in 1974 when the [[Place:Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]] regime was overthrown in Lisbon by a leftist military coup — the Carnation Revolution. The new government of Portugal granted independence to almost all Portuguese overseas territories (except for Timor Leste and [[Place:Macau|Macau]]).{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The words "Aqui é Portugal" (''Here is Portugal'') were once inscribed on the walkway of its municipal building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemo.org/Ofenomenodanossadescolonizacao.htm |title=O fenómeno da nossa descolonização: Retornados, Deslocados e Espoliados|access-date=2014-04-01 |work=Joaquim Pereira Soares |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611165759/http://www.aemo.org/Ofenomenodanossadescolonizacao.htm |archive-date=2016-06-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Independence===

The People's Republic of Mozambique was proclaimed on 25 June 1975 in accordance with the Lusaka Accord signed in September 1974.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 181</ref><ref name="a">{{cite web |url=https://pt.wikisource.org/wiki/Acordo_de_Lusaka |title=Acordo de Lusaka |language=pt |trans-title=Lusaka Accord |publisher=Diário do Governo, Portugal |date=1974 |access-date=2016-02-06 }}</ref> A parade and a state banquet completed the independence festivities in the capital, which was expected to be renamed Can Phumo, or "Place of Phumo", after a Shangaan chief who lived in the area before the Portuguese navigator Lourenço Marques first visited the site in 1545 and gave his name to it.<ref name=port>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101022145635/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C913229-2%2C00.html "Dismantling the Portuguese Empire"], ''Time Magazine'' (July 7, 1975)</ref> However, after independence, the city's name was changed (in February 1976) to Maputo. Maputo's name reputedly has its origin in the Maputo River: in fact, this river, which marks the border with {{wipe|South Africa}} in the  southernmost extent of Mozambique, had become symbolic during the FRELIMO-led armed struggle against Portuguese sovereignty{{cn|date=May 2023}}, after the motto «''Viva Moçambique unido, do Rovuma ao Maputo''», that is, ''Hail Mozambique, united from Rovuma down to Maputo'' (Rovuma is the river which marks the northern border with Tanzania).

After the independence, the statues to Portuguese heroes in the capital city were removed and most were stored at the fortress. FRELIMO soldiers carrying Russian rifles replaced Portuguese Army soldiers (both black and white) with western arms in city barracks and on the streets.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

After the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, over 250,000 Portuguese emigrated virtually overnight,<ref name=port/> leaving Mozambique's economy and administration unmanageable. With the exodus of trained Portuguese personnel, the newly independent country had no time to allocate resources to maintain its infrastructure. In addition, authoritarian [[Social:Stalinism|Stalinist]] policies and bureaucratic central planning made the newly independent country slip into an extremely precarious condition since the beginning, and so the economy plummeted. FRELIMO, now the governing party, turned to the communist governments of the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] and [[Place:East Germany|East Germany]] for help. By the early 1980s the country was bankrupt. Money was worthless and shops were empty. Starting shortly after independence, the country was plagued by the Mozambican Civil War, a long and violent struggle between FRELIMO and RENAMO, which lasted from 1977 to 1992. The war adversely affected economic activity and political stability in the city. "Operation Production" (''Operação Produção'') was inaugurated in 1983 by the ruling FRELIMO party to deal with the economic crisis. Undocumented residents of Maputo, the "parasitic" urban population, as well as individuals who displayed criminal behaviour, were forcibly transferred to state-owned communal farms and villages in the rural north of Mozambique.<ref name="AndersenJenkins2015"/><ref name="Thompson2015">{{cite journal|last1=Thompson|first1=Drew A.|title=Constructing a History of Independent Mozambique, 1974–1982: A Study in Photography|journal=Kronos|volume=39|issue=1|year=2013|pages=179}}</ref>

Since the peace agreement ending the civil war, which was signed in 1992, the country and the city has returned to its pre-independence levels of political stability. This stability is an encouraging sign that makes Mozambique a promising country for foreign investment.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:22294362~menuPK:141310~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html|title=News & Broadcast - Mozambique: Mining an Opportunity|website=web.worldbank.org|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>

On 11 July 2003, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, better known as the Maputo Protocol, was adopted in the city by the African Union.

==Geography==
[[File:Maputo,_Mozambique.JPG|thumb|Maputo, seen from the [[Astronomy:International Space Station|International Space Station]]]]
[[File:Maputo_seen_from_Katembe_2014.png|thumb|left| A view of the city]]

Maputo is located on the west side of Maputo Bay, near the Estuário do Espírito Santo where the four rivers Tembe, Umbeluzi, Matola and Infulene drain. The bay is {{convert|95|km|0|abbr=off}} long and {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=off}} wide. At the extreme east of the city and bay is the island of Inhaca. The total area covered by the municipality of Maputo is {{convert|346|km²|0|abbr=out}} and borders the city of [[Place:Matola|Matola]] northeast and east, the districts of Marracuene to the north; Boane in the east and Matutuíne at the south all of which are part of Maputo Province. The city is {{convert|120|km|0|abbr=in}} from the South African border at Ressano Garcia and {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=in}} from the border with Eswatini near the town of Namaacha.
{{clearleft}}

===Climate===
Maputo features a [[Earth:Tropical savanna climate|tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'') bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (''BSh'') under the [[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate classification]]. Maputo is a relatively dry city, averaging {{convert|813.6|mm|1|abbr=off}} of precipitation per year. Precipitation is abundant during summer and only little during winter. The city has a relatively warm climate averaging a mean temperature of {{convert|22.8|C}}. The hottest month is January with a mean temperature of {{convert|26.8|C}}, while the coolest month is July with a mean temperature of {{convert|18.8|C}}.

{{Weather box
|location = Maputo (39 m), Mozambique (1961–1990)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|collapsed = yes

|Jan high C = 29.9
|Feb high C = 29.6
|Mar high C = 29.3
|Apr high C = 27.8
|May high C = 26.4
|Jun high C = 24.6
|Jul high C = 24.4
|Aug high C = 25.3
|Sep high C = 26.1
|Oct high C = 26.5
|Nov high C = 27.4
|Dec high C = 29.1
|year high C = 27.2

|Jan mean C = 26.3
|Feb mean C = 26.2
|Mar mean C = 25.6
|Apr mean C = 23.5
|May mean C = 21.4
|Jun mean C = 18.9
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 20.0
|Sep mean C = 21.5
|Oct mean C = 22.4
|Nov mean C = 23.8
|Dec mean C = 25.5
|year mean C = 22.8

|Jan low C = 22.3
|Feb low C = 22.3
|Mar low C = 21.5
|Apr low C = 19.4
|May low C = 16.9
|Jun low C = 14.4
|Jul low C = 14.2
|Aug low C = 15.4
|Sep low C = 17.2
|Oct low C = 18.3
|Nov low C = 19.7
|Dec low C = 21.4
|year low C = 18.6

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 171.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 130.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 105.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 56.5
|May precipitation mm = 31.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 17.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 19.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 15.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 54.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 81.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 85.0

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.1
|Feb precipitation days = 7.6
|Mar precipitation days = 7.0
|Apr precipitation days = 4.4
|May precipitation days = 2.8
|Jun precipitation days = 2.4
|Jul precipitation days = 1.8
|Aug precipitation days = 2.2
|Sep precipitation days = 3.2
|Oct precipitation days = 5.5
|Nov precipitation days = 7.9
|Dec precipitation days = 7.5

|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 76
|Feb humidity = 76
|Mar humidity = 77
|Apr humidity = 76
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 73
|Jul humidity = 72
|Aug humidity = 71
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 75
|Nov humidity = 75
|Dec humidity = 74

|Jan sun = 223
|Feb sun = 210
|Mar sun = 225
|Apr sun = 229
|May sun = 253
|Jun sun = 246
|Jul sun = 256
|Aug sun = 252
|Sep sun = 228
|Oct sun = 210
|Nov sun = 198
|Dec sun = 220
| source 1 = Deutscher Wetterdienst<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_673410_kt.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191014011042/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_673410_kt.pdf
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 14 October 2019
| title = Klimatafel von Maputo-Mavalane (Flugh.) / Mosambik
| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
| access-date = 4 November 2016
}}</ref>
| source 2 = Danish Meteorological Institute (sun only)<ref>
{{cite web
 |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf 
 |title=STATIONSNUMMER 67341 
 |publisher=Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate 
 |access-date=4 November 2016 
 |url-status=bot: unknown 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf 
 |archive-date=16 January 2013 
}}
</ref>
}}

=== Climate change ===
A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under [[Earth:Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], a "moderate" scenario of [[Earth:Climate change|climate change]] where global warming reaches ~{{convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} by 2100, the climate of Maputo in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Goiania in {{wipe|Brazil}}. The annual temperature would increase by {{convert|1.8|C-change|F-change}}, and the temperature of the warmest month by {{convert|1.5|C-change|F-change}}, while the temperature of the coldest month would increase by {{convert|0.3|C-change|F-change}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> According to Climate Action Tracker, the current warming trajectory appears consistent with {{convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, which closely matches RCP 4.5.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>

Moreover, Maputo is particularly vulnerable to impacts such as [[Physics:Cyclone|cyclone]]s and flooding caused by [[Earth:Sea level rise|sea level rise]]. Poverty and inequality, which are concentrated in the overpopulated bairros, further exacerbate climate change vulnerabilities in the city.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/resource/urban-planning-mozambique/ A local vision of climate adaptation: Participatory urban planning in Mozambique], Vanesa Castán Broto, Emily Boyd, Jonathan Ensor, Domingos Augusto Macucule and Charlotte Allen, the Climate & Development Knowledge Network, 2014</ref> According to the 2022 [[Earth:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]], Maputo is one of 12 major African cities ([[Place:Abidjan|Abidjan]], [[Place:Alexandria|Alexandria]], [[Place:Algiers|Algiers]], [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]], [[Place:Casablanca|Casablanca]], [[Place:Dakar|Dakar]], [[Place:Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]], Durban, [[Place:Lagos|Lagos]], [[Place:Lomé|Lomé]], [[Place:Luanda|Luanda]] and Maputo) which would be the most severely affected by future sea level rise. It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of USD 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and USD 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from [[Earth:Marine ice sheet instability|marine ice sheet instability]] at high levels of warming would involve up to 137.5 billion USD in damages, while the additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to USD 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, USD 206 billion for RCP8.5 and USD 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario.<ref>Trisos, C.H., I.O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N.P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke,V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2043–2121 </ref> Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Full_Report.pdf |title=Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |date=August 2021 |publisher=IPCC |page=TS14 |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>

==Administrative subdivisions==
[[File:Map Districts of Maputo.png|thumb|Districts of Maputo]]

The city is divided into seven main administrative divisions. Each of these consists of several smaller city quarters or ''bairros''.

{| 
|-
! Administrative Division !! City Quarters or ''Bairros''
|-
|KaMpfumo|| Central A/B/C – Alto Maé A/B – Malhangalene A/B – Polana Cimento A/B – Coop – Sommerschield
|-
|Nlhamankulu|| Aeroporto A/B – Xipamanine – Minkadjuíne – Unidade 7 – Chamanculo A/B/C/D – Malanga – Munhuana
|-
|KaMaxaquene|| Mafalala – Maxaquene A/B/C/D – Polana Caniço A/B – Urbanização
|-
|KaMavota|| Mavalane A/B – FPLM – Hulene A/B – Ferroviário – Laulane – 3 de Fevereiro – Mahotas – Albazine – Costa do Sol
|-
|KaMubukwana|| Bagamoyo – George Dimitrov (Benfica) – Inhagoia A/B – Jardim – Luís Cabral – Magoanine – Malhazine – Nsalene – 25 de Junho A/B(Choupal) – Zimpeto
|-
|KaTembe|| Gwachene – Chale – Inguice – Ncassene – Xamissava
|-
|KaNyaka|| Ingwane – Ribjene – Nhaquene
|-
|}

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Hotel Polana.jpg|thumb|The Hotel Polana]]
[[File:New_Banco_de_Mo%C3%A7ambique_towers_in_construction,_2015_(2).jpg|thumb|Central Bank of Mozambique]]
[[File:Mercado_Municipal_(4107187974).jpg|thumb|Municipal Market of Maputo]]

The central area of Maputo is a planned city with square blocks and wide avenues, with Portuguese traces and their typical architecture of the 1970s. After the Carnation Revolution (1974) military coup in [[Place:Lisbon|Lisbon]], Portuguese refugees fled in massive numbers close to the date of independence (1975), and the resultant lack of skills and capital, in the context of a fierce civil war and government mismanagement, contributed to its state of dereliction in the years following these events.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

Recovery of the older infrastructure has been slow and most property developers in recent years{{which|date=May 2023}} have decided to invest in the construction of new properties rather than rehabilitating any of the existing ones. The rates for property in the city are high as investment increases, larger numbers of businesses are hoping to locate within easy reach of the airports, banks and other facilities.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

Maputo faces many challenges, such as poor transport and drainage infrastructure, which have profound implications on people's livelihoods, particularly in informal settlements. Inadequate planning regulation and law enforcement, as well as perceived corruption in government processes, lack of communication across government departments and lack of concern or government coordination with respect to building codes are major impediments to progressing the development of Maputo's infrastructure, according to the Climate & Development Knowledge Network.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/future-climate-africa/ Future Climate for Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415220758/http://cdkn.org/future-climate-africa/ |date=2015-04-15 }}. Climate & Development Knowledge Network, accessed 2015-04-16</ref>

As a coastal city, Maputo is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise, and population growth is putting increasing pressure on the coastal areas.<ref>[http://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/FCFA_PolicyBrief_Accra-Maputo_WEB1.pdf Using climate information to achieve long-term development objectives in coastal Ghana and Mozambique]. Climate & Development Knowledge Network, accessed 2015-04-16</ref>

===PROMAPUTO===
In 2007, the municipality of Maputo began a project to seriously consider rehabilitating the city's infrastructure. PROMAPUTO was a project that began as co-operation between the local city council and the [[Organization:International Development Association|International Development Association]] (IDA) of the [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]]. The first phase (PROMAPUTO1) took place between 2007 and 2010 and was chiefly concerned with developing the systems, knowledge and planning required to support the gradual overhaul of the infrastructure. The project was broken into several key areas and a budget allocated to each of these, namely: Institutional Development, Financial Sustainability, Urban Planning, Urban Infrastructure Investment and Maintenance, Metropolitan Development (services such as waste collection and disposal). The total financial allocation for this phase was USD 30 million. Little was done, however.
[[File:A Direcção dos Correios, Telégrafos e Telefones e o seu pessoal - Lourenço Marques.jpg|thumb|left|Maputo's central mail station]]

In 2011, PROMAPUTO2, the second phase of the project began. This phase was to last until 2015 and a total of USD 105 million was spent. The plan called for an IT systems, Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) together with Geographic Information System (GIS). These systems would supposedly help the municipality control its budgets and manage tenders, while the GIS would allow for precise information about land location and titling to be kept. Several roads should have been expanded and improved and the Avenida Julius Nyerere finally completed. Financial sustainability for the project was to be guaranteed through the improved collection of property tax (IPRA). The project also coincided with the recent overhaul of the Road Safety and Traffic Regulations (final completion 2020) which was an antiquated system that had not seen changes since the 1950s. Amongst the new regulations, heavy penalties and fines would now apply to many detrimental actions done by automobiles, such as pollution, loud noises, and illegal maneuvers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Building projects===
[[File:Maputo–Katembe bridge from the norther shore; July 2018.jpg|thumb|On November 10, 2018, the Maputo–Katembe bridge, Africa's largest suspension bridge, was inaugurated, connecting the cities of Maputo and Katembe]]

In spite of its previous instability, Mozambique is experiencing one of the fastest growth rates for a developing country in the world.<ref>"Mozambique: From Post-Conflict Recovery to High Growth" (July 2009) The World Bank [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/IDA/Resources/IDA-Mozambique.pdf]</ref> The projected growth rate for 2011 is expected to be around 7.5%, some of it centered on the construction of several capital intensive projects in Maputo. Some of the more notable developments include Edificio 24, a mixed-use development that will be located at the center of the city along Avenida 24 Julho and Avenida Salvador Allende. The Maputo Business Tower is a modern 19-story building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mbtmaputo.com/about-mbt.php|title=Maputo Business Tower|website=mbtmaputo.com}}</ref> The Radisson Blu corporation  has  constructed a 22 story hotel with 256 rooms in one of the city's trendiest spots on the ''marginal'' along the beach. A 15-story building for the second largest telecommunication company in the country, Vodacom, was projected to be completed in 2010. The regeneration of the Maputo waterfront is an urban regeneration project that is being developed at site of the former annual industrial fair grounds (FACIM).{{cn|date=May 2023}}

===Rehabilitation projects===
In February 2011, president Armando Guebuza announced that the Vila Algarve would be restored to its former condition and the building transformed into a museum for the veterans of the civil war. The Vila Algarve belonged to the International and State Defence Police (PIDE) during colonial rule. It was where political prisoners and others accused of conspiring to harm the regime were taken for interrogation and torture. There are claims that several individuals were executed in the building. No dates have been released on when the renovation is to commence. The building has changed ownership several times and has been an off-on residence for squatters.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Sports facilities===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:gadlopezmaputo.jpg|thumb|right|An artist's impression of the cityscape in the future]] -->
Maputo has a number of stadiums designed for football, which can be modified for other purposes, such as the new Estádio do Zimpeto, Estádio do Maxaquene and the Estádio do Costa do Sol which can seat 32,000, 15,000 and 10,000 people respectively. The largest stadium in the Metropolitan Area is, however, the Estádio da Machava (opened as Estádio Salazar), located in neighbouring [[Place:Matola|Matola]] municipality. It opened in 1968, in Machava and was at the time the most advanced in the country conforming to standards set by FIFA and the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). The cycling track could be adjusted to allow for 20,000 more seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/emoitas/3765484514/|title=Estádio Salazar 1968|date=28 July 2009 |access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> It was the site where Portugal officially handed over the country to Samora Machel and FRELIMO on 25 June 1975.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYFB7lyVk2U| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/vYFB7lyVk2U| archive-date=2021-11-07 | url-status=live|title=INDEPENDÊNCIA DE MOÇAMBIQUE|last=ALBERTINO SILVA|date=13 April 2008|access-date=1 October 2017|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 2005, the Birmingham based reggae group UB40 held a one-night-only concert in the stadium filled to maximum capacity. A newer stadium called the Estádio do Zimpeto which is located in the suburb of Zimpeto will be opened in 2011.{{update after|2011|12|31}} The stadium will be built in time for the 2011 All-Africa Games with a capacity for 42,000 spectators. A smaller football stadium, Estádio Mahafil, holds 4,000 people.

Beginning in the 1950s, motorsport was introduced to the city. At first race cars would compete in areas around the city, Polana and along the ''marginal'' but as funding and interest increased, a dedicated race track was built in the Costa Do Sol area along and behind the ''marginal'' with the ocean to the east with a length of {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}}. The initial surface of the new track, named Autódromo de Lourenço Marques did not provide enough grip and an accident in the late 1960s killed 8 people and injured many more. Therefore, in 1970, the track was renovated and the surface changed to meet the safety requirements that were needed at large events with many spectators. The length then increased to {{convert|3909|km|0|abbr=on}}. The city became host to several international and local events beginning with the inauguration on 26 November 1970.<ref>[http://autosport.aeiou.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=as.stories/64170 "Autódromo Lourenço Marques" (8 January 2009) ''AutoSport''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005064411/http://autosport.aeiou.pt/gen.pl?p=stories&op=view&fokey=as.stories%2F64170 |date=5 October 2011 }}</ref> The track was abandoned after 1975 and events only occurred sporadically such as in 1981 when the government allowed the sport again. Since 2000, interest has been rekindled by the Automovel & Touring Club de Moçambique (ATCM) and several events including go-carting, drag racing and motocross are planned.

The city's main basketball arena is the Pavilhão do Maxaquene which holds up to 3,500 people. It is home to Ferroviário de Maputo which competes in the Basketball Africa League and the Mozambican Basketball League.

===Street names===

The street names were changed after independence in 1975. Close ties with the Eastern Bloc highly influenced the new names that were chosen as did removal of names referring to colonial era figures.

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! colspan=2 | Street names in Lourenço Marques and Maputo
|-
! Lourenço Marques
! Maputo
|-
| Avenida 18 de Maio
| Avenida Mártires de Inhaminga
|-
| Avenida 31 de Janeiro
| Avenida Agostinho Neto
|-
| Avenida 5 de Outubro
| Avenida Josina Machel
|-
| Praça 7 de Março
| Praça 25 de Junho
|-
| Avenida Afonso de Albuquerque
| Avenida Ahmed Sekou Touré
|-
| Rua Aires de Ornelas
| Rua de Kassuende
|-
| Rua Alexandre Herculano
| Rua Timor Leste
|-
| Avenida Almirante Canto e Castro
| Avenida da Tanzania
|-
| Avenida Álvares Cabral
| Avenida Zedequias Manganhela
|-
| Museu Álvaro de Castro
| Museu de História Natural
|-
| Avenida Alves Correia
| Avenida da Zambia
|-
| Casa Amarela
| Museu Nacional da Moeda
|-
| Avenida Anchieta
| Avenida Olof Palme
|-
| Avenida Andrade Corvo
| Avenida Ho Chi Min
|-
| Escola Andrade Corvo
| Escola Primária do 1º e 2º Graus 16 de Junho
|-
| Avenida de António Enes
| Avenida Julius Nyerere
|-
| Liceu António Enes
| Escola Secundária Francisco Manyanga
|-
| Rua António de Oliveira Salazar
| Rua da Mesquita
|-
| Cabaret Aquário
| Escola Nacional de Dança
|-
| Rua Major Araújo
| Rua Bagamoyo
|-
| Edifício do Atneu Grego
| Palácio dos Casamentos
|-
| Avenida Augusto de Castilho
| Avenida Vladimir Lenine
|-
| Rua dos Aviadores
| Rua da Argélia
|-
| Edifício do Banco Nacional Ultramarino
| Banco de Moçambique
|-
| Bartolomeu Dias, Rua
| Avenida Mártires de Mueda
|-
| Belegard da Silva, Avenida
| Avenida Francisco O. Magumbwé
|-
| Caldas Xavier, Avenida
| Avenida Marian N'gouabi
|-
| Câmara Municipal, Edifício da
| Conselho Executivo
|-
| Consiglieri Pedroso, Rua
| Rua Revolução de Outubro
|-
| Couceiro da Costa, Avenida
| Avenida Armando Tivane
|-
| Desportivo de Lourenço Marques, Grupo
| Grupo Desportivo de Maputo
|-
| Dicca, Cinema, Estudio 222
| Matchedje Cine-Estúdio 222
|-
| Diogo Cão, Avenida
| Avenida Lucas Luali
|-
| Direcção Geral das Alfândegas, Edifício da
| Reitoria da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane
|-
| Doutor Serrão, Avenida do
| Avenida Emília Daússe
|-
| Dr. Brito Camacho, Rua do
| Avenida Patrice Lumumba
|-
| Dom João de Castro, Avenida
| Rua Dom João de Castro
|-
| Dom Luiz 1º, Avenida
| Avenida Samora Machel
|-
| Dom Manuel I, Avenida
| Avenida da Marginal
|-
| Duques de Connaught, Avenida dos
| Avenida Friedrich Engels
|-
| Eduardo Costa, Rua
| Rua de Mukumbura
|-
| Estâncias, Estrada das
| Rua das Estâncias
|-
| Fazenda, Edifício da
| Conselho de Ministros
|-
| Fernandes Tomaz, Avenida
| Avenida Mártires da Machava
|-
| Fonte Luminosa, Praça da
| Praça Robert Mugabe
|-
| Funchal, Prédio
| Hotel Rovuma
|-
| Gago Coutinho, Aeroporto
| Aeroporto de Mavalane
|-
| General Bettencourt, Avenida do
| Rua da Base Ntchinga
|-
| General Botha, Rua do
| Avenida Tomás Nduda
|-
| General Craveiro Lopes, Avenida
| Avenida dos Accordos de Lusaka
|-
| General Machado, Avenida do
| Avenida Guerra Popular
|-
| General Machado, Escola
| Universidade Pedagógica
|-
| General Rosado, Rua do
| Avenida Kim Il Sung
|-
| Gomes Freire, Avenida
| Avenida Paulo Samuel Kankhomba
|-
| Governador Simas, Rua do
| Rua Mateus Sansão Muthemba
|-
| Guerra Junqueiro, Rua
| Rua José Mateus
|-
| Heróis de Marracuene, Rua dos
| Rua da Resistência
|-
| Hotel Clube
| Centro Cultural Franco-Moçambicano
|-
| Infante, Cinema
| Cinema Charlot
|-
| João Albasini, Largo
| Praça 21 de Outubro
|-
| João Belo, Escola Primária
| Escola Primária 7 de Setembro
|-
| João das Regras, Rua
| Rua de Nachingwea
|-
| João de Deus, Avenida
| Avenida Romão Fernandes Farinha
|-
| José Cabral, Parque
| Parque dos Continuadores
|-
| Joaquim de Araújo, Escola
| Escola Secundária Estrela Vermelha
|-
| Lapa, Rua
| Rua Joaquim Lapa
|-
| Lar Moderno, Edifício do
| Centro de Estudos Brasileiro
|-
| Latino Coelho, Avenida
| Avenida Maguiguana
|-
| Lidemburgo, Rua de
| Avenida Rio Tembe
|-
| Lisboa, Miradouro de
| Miradouro
|-
| Lisboa, Rua de
| Avenida Milagre Mabote
|-
| Luciano Cordeiro, Avenida
| Avenida Albert Luthuli
|-
| Mac Mahon, Praça
| Praça dos Trabalhadores
|-
| Manuel de Arriaga, Avenida
| Avenida Karl Marx
|-
| Manuel Rodrigues, Cinema
| Cine Teatro África
|-
| Massano de Amorim, Avenida
| Avenida Mao Tsé Tung
|-
| Mendonça Barreto, Avenida
| Avenida do Rio Limpopo
|-
| Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Praça
| Praça da Independência
|-
| Nevala, Rua de
| Avenida Nkwam Nkruma
|-
| Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Avenida
| Avenida Kenneth Kaunda
|-
| Oliveira Salazar, Estádio
| Estádio da Machava
|-
| Paiva de Andrada, Avenida
| Avenida Mahomed Siad Barre
|-
| Paiva Manso, Avenida
| Avenida Filipe Samuel Magaia
|-
| Pero da Covilhã, Rua
| Rua Belmiro O. Muianga
|-
| Pero de Alenquer, Rua
| Avenida Amílcar Cabral
|-
| Pesca Desportiva, Clube de
| Escola Náutica de Moçambique
|-
| Pinheiro Chagas, Avenida
| Avenida Eduardo Mondlane
|-
| Porto, Rua do
| Rua Malhangalene
|-
| Princesa Patrícia, Rua da
| Avenida Salvador Allende
|-
| Rebelo da Silva, Escola Primária
| Escola Primária 3 de Fevereiro
|-
| República, Avenida da
| Avenida 25 de Setembro
|-
| Sagres, Rua de
| Avenida 10 de Novembro
|-
| Salazar, Liceu
| Escola Secundária Josina Machel
|-
| Sporting Clube de Lourenço Marques
| Clube de Desportos Maxaquene
|-
| Turismo, Hotel
| Hotel Ibis
|-
| Vasco da Gama, Jardim
| Jardim Tunduro
|-
| Vasco da Gama, Mercado
| Mercado Municipal (Bazar da Baixa)
|-
|}

==Transport==
===Airports===

Maputo International Airport is the main international airport of Mozambique. The new terminal was opened in 2010 with a capacity for 900,000 passengers per year. Work has begun on the construction of a new domestic terminal which will have a capacity for many more passengers at any given time. The construction work will require the current building to be demolished.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Buses===
Maputo's transportation needs are mainly served by minibus taxis called ''chapas'', which transport the majority of the city's commuters. In an effort to resolve a public transport crisis in the city, the state-owned company, Transporte de Moçambique (TPM) has recently acquired a new fleet of 270+ buses. There are three major bus terminals in the city: at Baixa (downtown/central), Museu (Museum), and at Junta (regional and national buses).{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Ferries===
[[File:Avenida_24_de_Julho_Maputo_(2858426557).jpg|thumb|24 de Julho Avenue, Maputo]]
[[File:Maputo Train Station.jpg|thumb|right|The Maputo Railway Station, an example of colonial architecture]]

Ferry boats departing from Maputo to the district of KaTembe are available during the week. A ferry can carry approximately 20 vehicles per trip.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Rails===
The city of Maputo lies at the end of three railway lines: Goba railway, Limpopo railway and Pretoria–Maputo railway.<ref name="Atlassian">[https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.4+Mozambique+Railway+Assessment Mozambique Logistics Infrastructure: Mozambique Railway Assessment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802142842/https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.4+Mozambique+Railway+Assessment |date=2021-08-02 }}. Atlassian Confluence. 10 de dezembro de 2018.</ref>

====Trams====
Maputo was home to one of the first electric tramway systems in Africa, commencing in February 1904.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ehgarde.planetaclix.pt/mocambique/eletricos/tramlm.htm|title=Tramways Eléctricos de Lourenço Marques|website=ehgarde.planetaclix.pt|access-date=2010-12-19|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803212305/http://ehgarde.planetaclix.pt/mocambique/eletricos/tramlm.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> At first the lines ran from the Central Railway Station (CFM) to the City Municipality building. It is said{{by whom|date=April 2016}} that the establishment of the tram system caused some protests from the general public as certain classes had limited access to its use. Trams lost favor in the second half of the 20th century as cars and buses became more common, and they have not been in use at all since 1936, although parts of some of the tracks can still be seen coming up through the tar in certain streets, like Av. 24 de Julho.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Ports===
[[File:Maputo skyline 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Maputo's harbour is very important economically to the city.]]

The main port of Maputo handled 17 million tons of cargo in 1971, at its peak. It was part of the trio of Mozambique's main ports for the Nacala-Beira-Maputo route. Today, it is managed by the Maputo Port Development Company (MPDC), a joint venture of Grindrod and DP World. The government has allowed the firm to manage the port until 2030 in order to upgrade much of its infrastructure that has been destroyed after years of stagnation. In 2010, the dredging works in the channel were finished and the Port of Maputo can now handle larger vessels – such as the Panamax vessels – with more cargo. In addition, investments are being made for specific types of terminals such as:{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
* Bulk liquids
* Granite
* Metals
* Coal

A new terminal for vehicles is also planned which will allow for 57,000 vehicles to be moved per year (Phase 1) with a peak 250,000 under an agreement with Höegh Autoliners as potential trans-shipment route between the [[Place:Middle East|Middle East]] and [[Earth:Europe|Europe]]. Coal will also be exported from the [[Place:Matola|Matola]] side at a rate of 10 million tons per year. It is envisaged that by 2020, the port will generate about USD 160 million per year. By 2030, the port will be able to handle up to 25 trains a day and 1,500 trucks for a total of 50 million tons of cargo per year. The total investment will exceed USD 500 million.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Other means===
A recent introduction are three-wheelers commonly known as tuk-tuks in some Asian countries. The three-wheeled bikes, called "tchopelas" by the population, are cheaper to own and run and have posed a commercial threat to conventional taxis.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Avenida Samora Machel towards Maputo City Hall.jpg|thumb|Maputo city council building]]
thumb|''A [[Casa de Ferro'' – The Iron House]]

Maputo had always been the center of attention during its formative years and this strong artistic spirit was responsible for attracting some of the world's most forward architects at the turn of the 20th century. The city is home to masterpieces of building work by Pancho Guedes, Herbert Baker and Thomas Honney, amongst others. The earliest architectural efforts around the city focused on classical European designs such as the Central Train Station (CFM) designed by architects Alfredo Augusto Lisboa de Lima, Mario Veiga and Ferreira da Costa and built between 1913 and 1916 (sometimes mistaken with the work of Gustav Eiffel),<ref>Morais, João Sousa. ''Maputo, Património da Estrutura e Forma Urbana, Topologia do Lugar''. Livros Horizonte, 2001, p. 110.(in Portuguese)</ref> and the Hotel Polana designed by Herbert Baker.

As the 1960s and 1970s approached, Maputo was yet again at the center of a new wave of architectural influences made most popular by Pancho Guedes. The designs of the 1960s and 1970s were characterized by modernist and brutalist movements of clean, straight and functional structures. However, prominent architects such as Pancho Guedes fused this with local art schemes giving the city's buildings a unique Mozambican theme. As a result, most of the properties erected during the second construction boom take on these styling cues.<ref>Abdel, Hana (9 July 2021). Retrieved 24 December 2023.
 https://www.archdaily.com/964247/pancho-guedes-1925-2015-sculpting-a-new-africa</ref>

===Loss of heritage===

<gallery>
MozambiqueTraditionalMansion.jpg|Mansion prepared for demolition Av. Kim Il Sung
MansionforDemolitionMaputo.jpg|Mansion prepared for demolition Av. Mao Tse Tung
</gallery>

Additionally, many acacia trees that once lined the footpaths and gave the city its distinct identity have also been removed for unclear reasons. The process gains momentum usually in the winter months between June and August under the guise of pruning overgrown trees. Without proper supervision the pruning work is excessive and destructive leading to the eventual loss of the tree.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}
<gallery>

Destructive tree cutting in Maputo.jpg|Destructive tree cutting in Maputo

</gallery>

==Culture==
Maputo is a melting pot of several cultures. The Bantu and Portuguese cultures dominate, but the influence of Arab, {{wipe|India}}n, and {{wipe|China}} cultures is also felt.

===Film and cinema===
Before television was introduced in 1981, film and cinema had a prominent position as a form of entertainment in the lives of Mozambicans especially in Maputo where there were at least a dozen movie theaters by the time of independence.{{cn|date=July 2023}} In the 1950s and 1960s, at the height of racial segregation, most of the movie-goers were either European whites or South Asians – each group having their own designated locale. Black Mozambicans, although more heavily discriminated against, also enjoyed movies in makeshift theatres, often in rooms temporarily converted to handle a projector, screen and chairs.{{cn|date=July 2023}} 

For much of the late 1970s and 1980s, the local film industry was geared towards creating "home-made" productions depicting Socialist ideologies which placed great influence on the family unit, the non-commercialized production of agriculture and political autonomy. Maputo has been the setting for many Hollywood blockbuster movies such as ''The Interpreter'', ''Blood Diamond'' and ''Ali''.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Associação Núcleo de Arte===
[[File:Biblioteca Nacional Moçambique.jpg|right|thumb|The Mozambique National Library.]]
[[File:Telecomunicações de Moçambique, Rua da Sé 2, Maputo, Moçambique.jpg|thumb|right|Telecommunications of Mozambique seat in Rua da Sé 2, Maputo]]

An important cultural and artists' centre in Maputo is the Associação Núcleo de Arte. It is the oldest collective of artists in Mozambique. Seated in an old villa in the centre of Maputo the Núcleo has played a significant role in metropolitan cultural life for decades. The two best known and most influential contemporary Mozambican artists started their career at Núcleo de Arte, the painter Malangatana Ngwenya and the sculptor Alberto Chissano. Over one hundred painters, sculptors and ceramists are members of the Núcleo, which regularly stages exhibitions on its own premises and over the last few years has actively participated in exchanges with artists from abroad. The Núcleo became well known for their project transforming arms into tools and objects of art. It played an important role for reconciliation after the Mozambican Civil War. The exhibition of art objects such as the Chair of the African King and the Tree of Life was shown around the world, among others in the British Museum in 2006.<ref name="tes">{{cite web|last=Spring|first=Chris|title=Farewell to Arms|url=http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2170276|work=Times Educational Supplement|publisher=TSL Education Ltd.|access-date=29 September 2010|display-authors=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610162346/http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2170276|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Maputo is home to the Dockanema Documentary Film Festival, and international festival showcasing documentary films from around the world.

=== Handicraft ===
Mozambique's capital is famous for making special small sculptures called "pshikelekedanas" from soft wood using a penknife. These sculptures often depict important animals in Mozambique, like hippos, etc...<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maputo - My Tours Company |url=https://mytours.company/en/maputo/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Landmarks ==
During its five centuries of Portuguese colonialization, the city has gained several examples of Portuguese architecture. Most of the note-worthy buildings are former colonial administrative buildings or current government buildings.

The city's notable landmarks include:
[[File:Jardim Tunduru.jpg|right|thumb|Maputo's Tunduru Garden, with its Manueline arch]]

* Fortress of Maputo
* Maputo Railway Station
* Independence Square 
* Maputo City Hall
* Samora Machel Statue
* The Museum of Natural History
* Vila Algarve – former location of Portuguese Secret Police (PIDE)
* Tunduru Gardens

==Places of worship==
Among the places of worship, they are predominantly [[Religion:Christianity|Christian]] churches and temples : Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maputo ([[Organization:Catholic Church|Catholic Church]]), Reformed Church in Mozambique (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Convenção Baptista de Moçambique ([[Organization:Baptist World Alliance|Baptist World Alliance]]), Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, Assemblies of God, Zion Christian Church.<ref>J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ‘‘Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices’’, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 1985</ref> There are also [[Religion:Islam|Muslim]] mosques.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Parks==
[[File:Flowered Maputo.jpg|thumb|A flowered terrace in Maputo]]

The city does not yet have a very expansive list of parks and other recreational areas. However, at the center of the city lies the Jardim Tunduru (Tunduru Gardens) which was formerly called the Vasco Da Gama Garden. It was designed in the 1880s by a {{wipe|United Kingdom}} architect, Thomas Honney. The entrance of the park is designed in the Neo-Manueline style. After independence, the name was changed to the current one and a statue of the country's first president was erected.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Education==
Maputo offers several options for education with pre-schools, primary, secondary schools and higher education institutions. The quality of the syllabus is said to differ greatly depending on whether an institution is private or public.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

===Higher education===
Mozambique's largest higher education institution is the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane which was established in 1968 as the Universidade de Lourenço Marques. Most of the universities faculties and departments are located in the city of Maputo with nearly 8,000 students attending 10 faculties. Some faculties also exist in [[Place:Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], [[Place:Quelimane|Quelimane]], Nampula and [[Place:Inhambane|Inhambane]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Since the 1990s there has also been a rapid growth of private education houses offering higher education such as ''Instituto Superior de Ciências e Tecnologias de Moçambique'' (ISCTEM), ''Instituto Superior de Tecnologias e Gestão'' (ISTEG) and ''Instituto Superior de Transportes e Comunicações'' (ISUTC).
===Secondary education===
In the secondary education market, there is again a strong divergence between private and public schooling.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Maputo's notable private schools include:

* Escola Portuguesa de Moçambique
* American International School of Mozambique
* The Aga Khan Academy, Maputo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agakhanacademies.org/maputo|title=Welcome to the Aga Khan Academy, Maputo - Aga Khan Academies|website=www.agakhanacademies.org|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>{{third-party inline|date=March 2023}}

==Health services==
[[File:Hospital_Central_de_Maputo_(503881920).jpg|thumb|Central Hospital of Maputo]]

Maputo has several hospitals and clinics, including the city and country's largest hospital, the Hospital Central de Maputo. Other hospitals include the public Hospital Geral José Macamo, and the private Clinica Sommerschield, the Clínica Cruz Azul in ''baixa'' and Hospital Privado located across the Portuguese School.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The construction of Hospital Miguel Bombarda began in 1900. In 1976, Samora Machel renamed the hospital as ''Hospital Central de Maputo'' (HCM). The hospital has 1500 beds for in-patients and has an estimated staff number of 3000. It is made of a multi-block structure with 35 separate buildings spanning an area of 163,800 m<sup>2</sup>. The hospital has six departments: [[Medicine:Medicine|Medicine]], [[Medicine:Surgery|Surgery]], [[Medicine:Pediatrics|Pediatrics]], Orthopedics, [[Medicine:Gynaecology|Gynaecology]] and [[Medicine:Obstetrics|Obstetrics]]. It also has divisions for [[Medicine:Ophthalmology|Ophthalmology]] and Otolaryngology and a morgue. The hospital provides services for an average 700 out-patients a day and over {{convert|1000|kg|0|abbr=on}} of washing is done daily. In the early 1990s, a section of the hospital was divided and turned into a private clinic offering higher quality services for those who could afford it called the ''Clínica Especial de Maputo''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.misau.gov.mz/pt/provincias/cidade_de_maputo/hospital_central_de_maputo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122000800/http://www.misau.gov.mz/pt/provincias/cidade_de_maputo/hospital_central_de_maputo|url-status=dead|title=HOSPITAL CENTRAL DE MAPUTO (2011) Ministry of Health, Mozambique|archivedate=January 22, 2011}}</ref> The residence for the head of medicine is on the corner of ''Avenida Eduardo Mondlane'' and ''Avenida Salavador Allende''. It is a historically valuable structure which was completed in 1908 and has since the 1990s been converted into a charming restaurant with colonial themes called ''Restaurante 1908''. The upper floors are still used by the hospital as offices.

==Notable people==
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
{{div col}}
* Al Bowlly, singer
* Carlos Cardoso, journalist
* Alberto Chissano, sculptor
* Moreira Chonguica, musician, composer, social activist
* Gilles Cistac, constitutional lawyer
* Mia Couto, writer
* José Craveirinha, poet
* Eusébio, footballer
* Ruth First, South African anti-apartheid activist
* Pancho Guedes, architect
* Teresa Heinz, philanthropist and political figure, widow of John Heinz and wife of American political figure John Kerry
* Josina Z. Machel, women's rights activist
* Lucas Macie, painter
* Malangatana, artist
* Henning Mankell, author, dramatist
* Mariza, fado singer
* Mexer, footballer
* Maria Mutola, runner
* Neyma, singer
* Alexandre Quintanilha, scientist
* Ricardo Rangel, photojournalist
* Nelson Saúte, writer and professor
* Laylizzy, hip-hop recording artist, songwriter and performer
{{div col end}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
Maputo is twinned with:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ETH}} [[Place:Addis Ababa|Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Place:Ankara|Ankara]], Turkey<ref>{{cite web|title=Ankaranın Kardeş Şehirleri|url=https://www.ankara.bel.tr/genel-sekreter/genel-sekreter-yardimcisi-faruk-cinki/dis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi/ankaranin-kardes-sehirleri/|publisher=Ankara|language=tr|access-date=2020-07-01|archive-date=2020-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025172312/https://www.ankara.bel.tr/genel-sekreter/genel-sekreter-yardimcisi-faruk-cinki/dis-liskiler-daire-baskanligi/ankaranin-kardes-sehirleri/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GNB}} [[Place:Bissau|Bissau]], Guinea-Bissau
*{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]], South Africa<ref>{{cite web |title=Things You Might Not Know About Cape Town|url=https://www.xtraspace.co.za/blog/articles/things-you-might-not-know-about-cape-town|website=xtraspace.co.za|date=13 September 2016 |publisher=XtraSpace|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|USA}} Charles County, United States<ref>{{cite web |title=Mozambique sister city agreement seen as trade boost|url=http://www.meetcharlescounty.com/index.php?src=documents&srctype=download&refno=53|publisher=Charles County|date=2019-10-08|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CHN}} Chengdu, China<ref>{{cite web |title=Maputo (Mozambique)|url=https://www.gochengdu.cn/news/our-sister-cities/sister-cities-of-chengdu/maputo-mozambique-a8400.html?xcSID=qknjcerv65ckfpcmb0861ihef5|publisher=Go Chengdu|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IND}} Chennai, India
*{{flagicon|TLS}} [[Place:Dili|Dili]], East Timor
*{{flagicon|RSA}} Durban, South Africa<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister Cities|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/IGR/sistercities/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=eThekwini Municipality|access-date=2020-07-01|archive-date=2019-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911215331/http://www.durban.gov.za/City_Services/IGR/sistercities/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} Guarulhos, Brazil<ref>{{cite web |title=Cooperação Internacional|url=https://www.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/index.php/cooperacao-internacional|publisher=Guarulhos|language=pt|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ZWE}} [[Place:Harare|Harare]], Zimbabwe
*{{flagicon|INA}} [[Place:Jakarta|Jakarta]], Indonesia
*{{flagicon|NGR}} [[Place:Lagos|Lagos]], Nigeria
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Place:Lisbon|Lisbon]], Portugal<ref>{{cite web|title=Acordos de geminação|url=https://www.lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais/acordos-de-geminacao|publisher=Lisboa|language=pt|access-date=2020-07-01|archive-date=2020-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203073427/https://www.lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais/acordos-de-geminacao|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ANG}} [[Place:Luanda|Luanda]], Angola
*{{flagicon|SWZ}} [[Place:Mbabane|Mbabane]], Eswatini
*{{flagicon|MUS}} [[Place:Port Louis|Port Louis]], Mauritius<ref>{{cite web |title=International Links|url=http://www.mccpl.mu/ct_int.html|publisher=Port Louis|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|BRA}} Rio de Janeiro, Brazil<ref>{{cite web |title=Lei Nº 5919 DE 17/07/2015|url=https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=287203|website=legisweb.com.br|publisher=Legisweb|language=pt|date=2017-05-19|access-date=2020-07-01}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]], China
{{div col end}}

===Cooperation agreements===
Maputo also has a cooperation agreement with:<ref name=twins>{{cite web |title=Direcció de Relacions Internacionals|url=http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/relacionsinternacionalsicooperacio/ca/barcelona-en-el-mon|website=ajuntament.barcelona.cat|publisher=Barcelona|language=ca|access-date=2020-08-02}}</ref>

*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Place:Barcelona|Barcelona]], Spain

==See also==
*Delagoa Bay
*Lourenço Marques (explorer)
*List of cities in Mozambique by population
*Metropolitan Maputo

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Bibliography==

==External links==
*{{Wikivoyage-inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100704210227/http://maputo.visitusinmaputo.com/ Photos and Map of Maputo]
*[http://www.portmaputo.com/ Maputo Port Development Company]



[[Category:Capitals in Africa]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in Mozambique]]
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{{Sourceattribution|Maputo}}