View source for Place:Salzburg

{{Short description|Capital of Salzburg State, Austria}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Salzburg
| native_name              = 
| official_name            =
| settlement_type          = City
| image_skyline            = {{Photomontage|position=center
 |photo3a = A view from Getreidegasse (Salzburg).jpg
 |photo2c = Salzburg courtyard view.jpg
 |photo1a = Salzburg (48489551981).jpg
 |photo2a = Festung Hohensalzburg von Nordost.jpg
 |photo2b = Salzburg - Salzburger Dom 02 - 2018-08-20.jpg
 |size = 270
 |spacing = 2
 |color = #FFFFFF
 |border = 0
 |foot_montage = Clockwise from top: view of University of Salzburg in front of the Salzach, with Nonnberg Abbey in the background; Hohensalzburg Fortress; Salzburg Cathedral; Roittner-Durchhaus; and Getreidegasse}}
| imagesize                =
| image_caption            =
| image_flag               = [[File:Flag of the City of Salzburg, Austria.svg|120px|border|Flag of Salzburg]]<br /><br />[[File:Banner of Salzburg, Austria.svg|60px|border|Banner of Salzburg]]
| image_shield             = AUT Salzburg (Stadt) COA.svg
| shield_size              = 80x110px
| shield_link              =
| pushpin_map              = Austria Salzburg#Austria
| pushpin_mapsize          = 270
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location within Austria
| image_map                =
| mapsize                  =
| map_alt                  =
| map_caption              = Location within Statutarstadt district
| coordinates              = {{Coord|47|48|00|N|13|02|42|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = [[Earth:List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|Austria}}
| subdivision_type1        = Federal state
| subdivision_name1        = Salzburg
| subdivision_type2        = District
| subdivision_name2        = Statutory city
| parts_type               =
| parts_style              = para
| p1                       =
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Harald Preuner
| leader_party             = {{Polparty|Austria|ÖVP }}
| leader_title1            =
| leader_name1             =
| area_footnotes           = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2           = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}
| area_metro_km2           =
| elevation_m              = 424
| elevation_max_m          =
| elevation_min_m          =
| population_as_of         = 1 October 2020
| population_footnotes     =<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-salzburg.at/internet/bildung_kultur/salzburg_in_zahlen/news_335565/bevoelkerung_juni_2020_338053.htm |title=Salzburg in Zahlen |access-date=23 June 2020}}</ref>
| population_total         = 157,245
| population_urban         =
| population_metro         =
| population_note          =
| population_density_km2   = auto
| established_title        =
| established_date         =
| timezone                 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST             = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset               = +1
| utc_offset_DST           = +2
| registration_plate       = S
| postal_code_type         = Postal code
| postal_code              = 5020
| area_code_type           = Area code
| area_code                = 0662
| website                  = {{URL|www.stadt-salzburg.at/}}
}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
 |WHS         = Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg
 |Image       = Old Town Salzburg across the Salzach river.jpg
 |Criteria    = Cultural: ii, iv, vi
 |ID          = 784
 |Year        = 1996
 |Area        = 236 ha
 |Buffer_zone = 467 ha
}}
'''Salzburg''' ({{IPA|de-AT|ˈsaltsbʊʁk|lang}}, {{IPA-de|ˈzaltsbʊʁk|lang|Salzburg.ogg}};{{efn|group=note|{{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|s|ɔː|l|t|s|b|ɜːr|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|alsoUK|ˈ|s|æ|l|t|s|b|ɜːr|ɡ}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|s|ɔː|l|z|b|ɜːr|ɡ|,_|ˈ|s|ɑː|l|z|-|,_|ˈ|s|æ|l|z|-|,_|ˈ|z|ɑː|l|t|s|b|ʊər|k}}.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Salzburg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108144724/https://www.lexico.com/definition/salzburg |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2020 |title=Salzburg |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/salzburg |title=Salzburg |work=Collins English Dictionary |publisher=HarperCollins |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Salzburg |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Salzburg |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>}}) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/217757/umfrage/groesste-staedte-in-oesterreich/ |title=Österreich – Größte Städte 2019 |website=Statista |language=de |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded as an [[Religion:Episcopal see|episcopal see]] in 696 and became a seat of the archbishop in 798. Its main sources of income were salt extraction, trade, as well as gold mining. The fortress of Hohensalzburg, one of the largest medieval fortresses in Europe, dates from the 11th century. In the 17th century, Salzburg became a center of the [[Religion:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]], with monasteries and numerous Baroque churches built.

Salzburg's historic center ({{lang-de|Altstadt}}) is renowned for its Baroque architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centers north of the Alps. The historic center was enlisted as a [[Organization:UNESCO|UNESCO]] World Heritage Site in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unesco.at/kultur/welterbe/unesco-welterbe-in-oesterreich/historisches-zentrum-der-stadt-salzburg |title=Historisches Zentrum der Stadt Salzburg}}</ref> The city has three universities and a large population of students.

== Etymology ==
The name "Salzburg" was first recorded in the late 8th century.{{Efn|Spelled "Salzpurch" in the earliest ''vita'' of Saint Boniface}} It is composed of two parts; the first being "Salz-" German for "salt" and the second being "-burg" from Proto-West-Germanic: ''*burg'' conveying the same meaning as {{Lang-lat|oppidum|lit=fortified settlement, city}} and not that of the New High German: Burg, [[Literal translation|<small>lit.</small>]] 'fortress'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hörburger |first=Franz |title=Salzburger Ortsnamenbuch |publisher=Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde |year=1982 |editor-last=Reiffenstein |editor-first=Ingo |edition=Ingo |location=Salzburg |pages=32, 55 |language=de |trans-title=Toponyms of Salzburg |editor-last2=Ziller |editor-first2=Leopold}}</ref>

==History==
{{for timeline}}

===Antiquity and Bavarian ownership until the High Middle Ages===
[[File:2163 - Salzburg - Stift Nonnberg.JPG|thumb|In the 8th century the Benedictine monastery of Nonnberg was founded for Erentrudis, who was later canonized.]]
The area of the city has been inhabited continuously since the [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic Age]] until the present. In the La Tène period it was an administrative centre of the Celtic Alums in the Kingdom of Noricum.

After the [[History:Ancient Rome|Roman]] invasion in 15 BC, the various settlements on the Salzburg hills were abandoned, following the construction of the Roman city in the area of the old town. The newly created ''Municipium Claudium Juvavum'' was awarded the status of a Roman ''municipium'' in {{CE|45}} and became one of the most important cities of the now [[Place:Roman province|Roman province]] of Noricum.

When the province of Noricum collapsed in 488 at the beginning of the migration period, part of the Romano-Celtic population remained in the country. In the 6th century they came under the rule of the Baiuvarii. The ''Life of Saint Rupert'' credits the 8th-century saint with the city's rebirth, when around {{CE|696}}, Bishop Rupert of Salzburg received the remains of the Roman town from Duke Theodo II of Bavaria as well as a ''castrum superius'' (upper castle) on the Nonnberg Terrace as a gift.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Rupert, St |volume= 23 |last= Delehaye |first= Hippolyte | page = 856 |short= 1 }}</ref> In return he was to evangelize the east and south-east of the country of Bavaria.

Rupert reconnoitred the river for the site of his [[Religion:Basilica|basilica]] and chose Juvavum. He ordained priests and annexed the manor of Piding. Rupert built a church at St. Peter on the site of today's cathedral and probably also founded the associated monastery and the Benedictine nunnery on Nonnberg for his relative Erentrude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Erentrude, Virgin, of Austria|url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/content/st-erentrude-virgin-austria|publisher=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|location=Englewood, New Jersey}}</ref> Salzburg has been the seat of a [[Religion:Diocesan bishop|diocesan bishop]] since {{CE|739}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Austria |url=http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/austria |publisher=Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo |location=Norway}}</ref> and an archbishopric since {{CE|798}}. The first cathedral was built under Archbishop Virgil. The Franciscan Church existed since the beginning of the 9th century at the latest.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst R. Huber, Roswitha Juffinger |title=Dehio Salzburg. Stadt und Land |publisher=Verlag Anton Schroll & Co |place=Viena |date=1986 |page=516}}</ref> The Marienkirche dates from 1139. 
[[File:Festung Hohensalzburg von Nordost.jpg|thumb|The Romanesque Palace, Hohensalzburg Fortress, with a ring wall enclosing the hilltop, built on the site of a Roman fort.]]
The first use of the German name Salzburg, meaning ''Salt-Castle'', can be traced back to {{CE|739}} when the name was used in Willibald's report on the organization of the Bavarian dioceses by Saint Boniface.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MGSL_130_0193-0200.pdf |title=Der Name Salzburgs Entstehung und Frühgeschichte |author=Ingo Reiffenstein |date=1990 |access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> The name derives from the barges carrying salt on the River Salzach, which were subject to a toll in the 8th century as was customary for many communities and cities on European rivers. Hohensalzburg Fortress, the city's fortress was built on the site of a Roman fort<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.salzburgmuseum.at/en/locations/fortress-museum/ |title=Salzburg Museum: FORTRESS MUSEUM: HOHENSALZBURG FORTRESS |access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, who made it his residence.<ref>de Fabianis, p. 167.</ref> It was greatly expanded during the following centuries. This site is not the site of the Roman ''castrum superius'', which was located on the Nonnberg nearby.

The state of Salzburg and its counties soon gained more and more influence and power within Bavaria due to the flourishing [[Engineering:Salt mining|salt mining]] and the wide-ranging missionary activities.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Heinz Dopsch, Hans Spatzenegger |title=Geschichte Salzburgs, Band&nbsp;I/1 |place=Salzburg |date=1984 |isbn=3-7025-0197-5 |pages=437–462 |language=de}}</ref> In 996 Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor rented Archbishop Hartwig the [[Finance:Market town|market rights]] and [[Finance:Minting rights|Minting rights]] (probably also the toll law). The first part of Hohensalzburg Fortress was built in 1077. A city judge was first mentioned in a document in 1120/30. On the left bank of the Salzach an extensive spiritual district was created with the cathedral, the bishop's residence north-west of the cathedral, the cathedral monastery on its south side, St Peter's monastery and the Frauengarten (probably after a former women's convent that was dissolved in 1583). Only during the 12th century did the civil settlement begin to spread into the Getreidegasse, the Abtsgasse (Sigmund Haffner-Gasse) and along the quay. Around 1280 the first city fortifications were created.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Bernd Euler, Ronald Gobiet, Horst R. Huber, Roswitha Juffinger |title=Dehio Salzburg. Stadt und Land |publisher=Verlag Anton Schroll & Co |place=Vienna |date=1986 |page=516f}}</ref> The oldest known city law document dates from the year 1287.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Peter Kramml u.&nbsp;a. |title=Stadt Salzburg, Geschichte in Bildern und Dokumenten |place=Salzburg |date=2002 |isbn=3-901014-76-4 |pages=12–14}}</ref>

===Independence===
Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. Salzburg was the seat of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, a [[Religion:Prince-bishop|prince-bishop]]ric of the [[Religion:Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Empire]]. As the Reformation movement gained steam, riots broke out among peasants in the areas in and around Salzburg. The city was occupied during the German Peasants' War, and the Archbishop had to flee to the safety of the fortress.<ref>de Fabianis, p. 167</ref> It was besieged for three months in 1525.

Eventually, tensions were quelled, and the city's independence led to an increase in wealth and prosperity, culminating in the late 16th to 18th centuries under the Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron. It was in the 17th century that Italian architects (and Austrians who had studied the Baroque style) rebuilt the city center as it is today along with many palaces.<ref>Visit Salzburg, [http://www.visit-salzburg.net/history.htm Salzburg's History: Coming a long Way] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111174103/https://www.visit-salzburg.net/history.htm |date=11 November 2022 }}.</ref>

===Modern era===

====Religious conflict====

On 31 October 1731, the 214th anniversary of the 95 Theses, Archbishop Count Leopold Anton von Firmian signed an Edict of Expulsion, the ''Emigrationspatent'', directing all [[Religion:Protestantism|Protestant]] citizens to recant their non-Catholic beliefs. 21,475 citizens refused to recant their beliefs and were expelled from Salzburg. Most of them accepted an offer by King Friedrich Wilhelm I of [[History:Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], travelling the length and breadth of Germany to their new homes in East Prussia.<ref name="Perry">Frank L. Perry Jr., [http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=561 Catholics Cleanse Salzburg of Protestants] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083449/http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=561 |date=4 March 2016 }}, The Georgia Salzburger Society.</ref> The rest settled in other Protestant states in Europe and the British colonies in America.

====Illuminism====
In 1772–1803, under archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo, Salzburg was a center of late [[Philosophy:Age of Enlightenment|Illuminism]]. Colloredo is known for being one of the main employers of Mozart. He often had arguments with Mozart and he dismissed him{{Clarify|reason=Run-on sentence.|date=March 2021|text=|pre-text=|post-text=}} by saying, "Soll er doch gehen, ich brauche ihn nicht!" (may he leave; I don't need him!). Mozart would leave Salzburg for Vienna in 1781 with his family, though his father Leopold stayed back as he had a close relationship with Colloredo.

===Electorate of Salzburg===
In 1803, the archbishopric was secularised by Emperor Napoleon; he transferred the territory to Ferdinando III of Tuscany, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, as the Electorate of Salzburg.

===Austrian and Bavarian rule===
In 1805, Salzburg was annexed to the [[Place:Austrian Empire|Austrian Empire]], along with the Berchtesgaden Provostry. In 1809, the territory of Salzburg was transferred to the [[History:Kingdom of Bavaria|Kingdom of Bavaria]] after Austria's defeat at Wagram. After the [[Organization:Congress of Vienna|Congress of Vienna]] with the Treaty of Munich (1816), Salzburg was definitively returned to Austria, but without Rupertigau and Berchtesgaden, which remained with Bavaria. Salzburg was integrated into the Province of Salzach and Salzburgerland was ruled from [[Place:Linz|Linz]].<ref>''Times Atlas of European History'', 3rd Ed., 2002</ref>

In 1850, Salzburg's status was restored as the capital of the Duchy of Salzburg, a crownland of the [[Place:Austrian Empire|Austrian Empire]]. The city became part of [[Place:Austria-Hungary|Austria-Hungary]] in 1866 as the capital of a crownland of the Austrian Empire. The nostalgia of the Romantic Era led to increased tourism. In 1892, a [[Engineering:Funicular|funicular]] was installed to facilitate tourism to Hohensalzburg Fortress.<ref>de Fabianis, Valeria, ed. ''Castles of the World.'' Metro Books, 2013, p. 168. {{ISBN|978-1-4351-4845-1}}</ref>
[[File:Salzburg vom Mönchsberg aus.jpg|thumb|Salzburg in 1914; cathedral on the left, Hohensalzburg Fortress in the background]]

===20th century===

====First Republic====
Following World War&nbsp;I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Salzburg, as the capital of one of the Austro-Hungarian territories, became part of the new German Austria. In 1918, it represented the residual German-speaking territories of the Austrian heartlands. This was replaced by the First Austrian Republic in 1919, after the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919).

====Annexation by the Third Reich====
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1988-119-04A, Anschluss Österreich.jpg|upright|thumb|Young Austrians at celebrations just after the Anschluss, March 1938]]
The Anschluss (the occupation and annexation of Austria, including Salzburg, into the [[Place:Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]) took place on 12 March 1938, one day before a scheduled [[Social:Referendum|referendum]] on Austria's independence. German troops moved into the city. Political opponents, Jewish citizens and other minorities were subsequently arrested and [[Social:The Holocaust|deported]] to concentration camps. The [[Engineering:Synagogue|synagogue]] was destroyed.

====World War II====
After Germany invaded the Soviet Union, several POW camps for prisoners from the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] and other enemy nations were organized in the city.

During the Nazi occupation, a Romani camp was built in Salzburg-Maxglan. It was an Arbeitserziehungslager (work 'education' camp), which provided slave labor to local industry. It also operated as a Zwischenlager (transit camp), holding Roma before their deportation to German camps or ghettos in German-occupied territories in eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://austria-forum.org/af/AEIOU/Konzentrationslager%2C_KZ |title=AEIOU Österreich-Lexikon – Konzentrationslager, KZ |publisher=Austria-Forum.org |access-date=24 June 2013}}</ref>

Salzburg was also the location of five subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp.<ref>{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|pages=538–539|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}</ref>

Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. Fifteen air strikes destroyed 46 percent of the city's buildings, especially those around Salzburg railway station. Although the town's bridges and the dome of the cathedral were destroyed, much of its Baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, Salzburg is one of the few remaining examples of a town of its style. American troops entered the city on 5 May 1945 and it became the centre of the American-occupied area in Austria. Several displaced persons camps were established in Salzburg{{mdash}}among them Riedenburg, Camp Herzl (Franz-Josefs-Kaserne), Camp Mülln, Bet Bialik, Bet Trumpeldor, and New Palestine.

====Today====
After World War&nbsp;II, Salzburg became the capital city of the Federal State of Salzburg (''Land Salzburg'') and saw the Americans leave the area once Austria had signed a 1955 treaty re-establishing the country as a democratic and independent nation and subsequently declared its perpetual neutrality. In the 1960s, the city became the shooting and setting of the family musical film ''The Sound of Music''. On 27 January 2006, the 250th anniversary of the birth of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, all 35 churches of Salzburg rang their bells after 8:00&nbsp;p.m. (local time) to celebrate the occasion. Major celebrations took place throughout the year.

As of 2017 Salzburg had a GDP per capita of €46,100, which was greater than the average for Austria and most European countries.<ref name="veconomist" >{{cite news |author=E.B. |title=The Salzburg Festival is a boon to the local economy |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2017/09/hills-and-tills-are-alive |newspaper=[[Finance:The Economist|The Economist]] |date=26 September 2017}}</ref>

==Geography==
Salzburg is on the banks of the River Salzach, at the northern boundary of the [[Place:Alps|Alps]]. The mountains to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the north. The closest alpine peak, the 1,972‑metre-high Untersberg, is less than {{cvt|16|km|0|abbr=off}} from the city center. The ''Altstadt'', or "old town", is dominated by its [[History:Baroque|baroque]] towers and churches and the massive Hohensalzburg Fortress. This area is flanked by two smaller hills, the Mönchsberg and Kapuzinerberg, which offer green relief within the city. Salzburg is approximately {{cvt|150|km|0}} east of [[Place:Munich|Munich]], {{cvt|281|km|0}} northwest of [[Place:Ljubljana|Ljubljana]], Slovenia, and {{cvt|300|km|0}} west of [[Place:Vienna|Vienna]]. Salzburg has about the same latitude as Seattle.

Due to its proximity to the Austrian-German border, the greater Salzburg urban area has sometimes been regarded as, unofficially, including contiguous parts of Germany, including Freilassing (until 1923 known as Salzburghofen), Ainring and Piding.

===Climate===
The [[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate classification]] specifies Salzburg's climate as a [[Earth:Humid continental climate|humid continental]] climate (Dfb). However, with the {{cvt|-3|C|F}} isotherm for the coldest month, Salzburg can be classified as having four-season [[Earth:Oceanic climate|oceanic climate]] with significant temperature differences between seasons. Due to the location at the northern rim of the Alps, the amount of precipitation is comparatively high, mainly in the summer months. The specific drizzle is called ''Schnürlregen'' in the local dialect. In winter and spring, pronounced [[Earth:Foehn wind|foehn wind]]s regularly occur.
{{Weather box
|location=Salzburg-Flughafen (LOWS) 1991–2020, extremes 1874–present
|metric first=Y
|single line=Y
|Jan record high C = 20.8
|Feb record high C = 21.7
|Mar record high C = 24.9
|Apr record high C = 30.3
|May record high C = 34.1
|Jun record high C = 35.7
|Jul record high C = 37.7
|Aug record high C = 36.6
|Sep record high C = 33.3
|Oct record high C = 28.2
|Nov record high C = 24.1
|Dec record high C = 19.1
|year record high C = 37.7
|Jan high C = 3.4
|Feb high C = 6.2
|Mar high C = 10.2
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 19.3
|Jun high C = 23.2
|Jul high C = 24.3
|Aug high C = 24.0
|Sep high C = 19.9
|Oct high C = 14.4
|Nov high C = 8.5
|Dec high C = 4.0
|year high C = 14.4
|Jan mean C = 0.0
|Feb mean C = 1.6
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Apr mean C = 10.1
|May mean C = 14.4
|Jun mean C = 17.9
|Jul mean C = 19.6
|Aug mean C = 19.4
|Sep mean C = 15.0
|Oct mean C = 10.4
|Nov mean C = 4.8
|Dec mean C = 0.9
|year mean C = 10.0
|Jan low C = -3.6
|Feb low C = -2.8
|Mar low C = 0.7
|Apr low C = 4.3
|May low C = 8.3
|Jun low C = 12.5
|Jul low C = 13.8
|Aug low C = 13.6
|Sep low C = 10.1
|Oct low C = 5.6
|Nov low C = 0.9
|Dec low C = -2.5
|year low C = 5.1
|Jan record low C = -30.4
|Feb record low C = -30.6
|Mar record low C = -21.6
|Apr record low C = -9.2
|May record low C = -3.4
|Jun record low C = -0.1
|Jul record low C = 3.7
|Aug record low C = 2.0
|Sep record low C = -3.0
|Oct record low C = -8.3
|Nov record low C = -18.0
|Dec record low C = -27.7
|year record low C = -30.6
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 59
|Feb precipitation mm = 53
|Mar precipitation mm = 87
|Apr precipitation mm = 78
|May precipitation mm = 115
|Jun precipitation mm = 151
|Jul precipitation mm = 158
|Aug precipitation mm = 164
|Sep precipitation mm = 112
|Oct precipitation mm = 73
|Nov precipitation mm = 72
|Dec precipitation mm = 72
|year precipitation mm = 1195
|Jan snow cm = 20.0
|Feb snow cm = 19.5
|Mar snow cm = 11.5
|Apr snow cm = 1.4
|May snow cm = 0.0
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.6
|Nov snow cm = 6.5
|Dec snow cm = 18.8
|year snow cm = 78.3
|unit snow days = 1.0&nbsp;cm
|Jan snow days = 14.6
|Feb snow days = 12.2
|Mar snow days = 5.6
|Apr snow days = 0.8
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 3.8
|Dec snow days = 10.0
|year snow days = 47.2
|time day = 14:00
|Jan humidity = 71.7
|Feb humidity = 63.5
|Mar humidity = 56.1
|Apr humidity = 50.5
|May humidity = 53.0
|Jun humidity = 54.6
|Jul humidity = 53.2
|Aug humidity = 55.0
|Sep humidity = 59.3
|Oct humidity = 62.9
|Nov humidity = 71.1
|Dec humidity = 73.9
|year humidity = 60.4
|Jan sun = 67.0
|Feb sun = 91.9
|Mar sun = 130.0
|Apr sun = 152.6
|May sun = 196.4
|Jun sun = 193.9
|Jul sun = 221.1
|Aug sun = 202.8
|Sep sun = 167.7
|Oct sun = 129.7
|Nov sun = 81.2
|Dec sun = 62.8
|year sun = 1697.1
|Jan percentsun = 26.9
|Feb percentsun = 34.4
|Mar percentsun = 37.9
|Apr percentsun = 39.4
|May percentsun = 44.3
|Jun percentsun = 43.7
|Jul percentsun = 48.8
|Aug percentsun = 48.3
|Sep percentsun = 47.4
|Oct percentsun = 42.9
|Nov percentsun = 30.8
|Dec percentsun = 26.7
|year percentsun = 39.3
|source 1=Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (precipitation 1981–2010, sun 1971–2000)<ref name=ZAMGnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605200319/https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/copy_of_klimanormalperiode_19912020.xlsx
| archive-date = 5 June 2023
|url=https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_klimauebersichten/copy_of_klimanormalperiode_19912020.xlsx
| title = Klimamittelwerte 1991–2020
| publisher = Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics
| language = de
| access-date = 5 June 2023}}</ref><ref name=ZAMGprecip>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229004447/http://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_ip-klimawandel/daten-download/klimamittel/klimamittel-niederschlag |archive-date=29 December 2014 |url=https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/dokumente/klima/dok_ip-klimawandel/daten-download/klimamittel-niederschlag |title=Klimamittel 1981–2010: Niederschlag |language=de |publisher=Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics |access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=ZAMG1971>
{{cite web
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605205536/http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/daten/klimadaten/sal/6300.htm
| archive-date = 5 June 2023
|url=http://www.zamg.ac.at/fix/klima/oe71-00/klima2000/daten/klimadaten/sal/6300.htm
| title = Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000–Salzburg-Flughafen
| publisher = Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics
| language = de
| access-date = 5 June 2023}}</ref>
|source 2=Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name=meteoclimat>
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=298 |title=Station Salzburg |publisher=Météo Climat |language=fr |access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
}}

==Demography==
=== History===
{{Historical populations
|1869 |27858
|1880 |33241
|1890 |38081
|1900 |48945
|1910 |56423
|1923 |60026
|1934 |69447
|1939 |77170
|1951 |102927
|1961 |108114
|1971 |129919
|1981 |139426
|1991 |143978
|2001 |142662
|2011 |145367
|2016 |150887
|2021 |155416
|footnote=Source: Statistik Austria<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/080907.html |title=Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang |website=Statistik.at |access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>
}}

Salzburg's official population significantly increased in 1935 when the city absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War&nbsp;II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was constructed for American soldiers of the postwar occupation and could be used for refugees when they left. Around 1950, Salzburg passed the mark of 100,000 citizens, and in 2016, it reached the mark of 150000 citizens.

=== Migrant communities ===
Salzburg is home to large German, Bosnian, Serbian, and Romanian communities.

Largest groups of immigrants by 1 January 2021 :
{|
|-
|{{Flag|Germany}}||7,816
|-
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||5,189
|-
|{{Flag|Serbia}}||4,805
|-
|{{Flag|Romania}}||2,914
|-
|{{Flag|Croatia}}||2,521
|-
|{{Flag|Turkey}}||2,457
|-
|{{Flag|Syria}}||1,947
|-
|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}||1,686
|-
|{{Flag|Hungary}}||1,595
|-
|{{Flag|Italy}}||1,197
|-
|}

==Architecture==
[[File:Salzburg - Panorama (nachts)2.jpg|thumb|View from Mönchsberg (left to right), Kollegienkirche (right behind Salzburger Dom), Franziskanerkirche, St Peter's Abbey, Salzburg and, in the background, Hohensalzburg Fortress]]
[[File:View of Salzburg from Fortress Hohensalzburg.jpg|thumb|View from Hohensalzburg Fortress]]

===Romanesque and Gothic===
The Romanesque and Gothic [[Engineering:Church (building)|churches]], the monasteries and the early carcass houses dominated the medieval city for a long time. The Cathedral of [[Religion:Archbishop|Archbishop]] Conrad of Wittelsbach was the largest [[Religion:Basilica|basilica]] north of the [[Place:Alps|Alps]]. The choir of the Franciscan Church, construction was begun by Hans von Burghausen and completed by Stephan Krumenauer, is one of the most prestigious religious gothic constructions of southern Germany. At the end of the Gothic era Nonnberg Abbey, the Margaret Chapel in St Peter's Abbey, St George's Chapel, and the stately halls of the "Hoher Stock" in Hohensalzburg Fortress were constructed.

===Renaissance and baroque===
Inspired by Vincenzo Scamozzi, Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau began to transform the medieval town to the architectural ideals of the late [[Philosophy:Renaissance|Renaissance]]. Plans for a massive cathedral by Scamozzi failed to materialize upon the fall of the archbishop. A second cathedral planned by Santino Solari rose as the first early [[History:Baroque|Baroque]] church in Salzburg. It served as an example for many other churches in Southern {{wipe|Germany}} and Austria. Markus Sittikus and Paris von Lodron continued to rebuild the city with major projects such as Hellbrunn Palace, the prince archbishop's residence, the university buildings, fortifications, and many other buildings. Giovanni Antonio Daria managed by order of Prince Archbishop Guido von Thun the construction of the residential well. Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli, by order of the same archbishop, created the Erhard and the Kajetan church in the south of the town. The city's redesign was completed with buildings designed by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, donated by Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun.

After the era of Ernst von Thun, the city's expansion came to a halt, which is the reason why there are no churches built in the [[History:Rococo|Rococo]] style. Sigismund von Schrattenbach continued with the construction of "Sigmundstor" and the statue of holy Maria on the cathedral square. With the fall and division of the former "Fürsterzbistum Salzburg" (Archbishopric) to Upper Austria, Bavaria (Rupertigau) and Tyrol (Zillertal Matrei) began a long period of urban stagnancy. This era didn't end before the period of promoterism (''[[History:Gründerzeit|Gründerzeit]]'') brought new life into urban development. The builder dynasty Jakob Ceconi and Carl Freiherr von Schwarz filled major positions in shaping the city in this era.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visit-salzburg.net/travel/architecture.htm |title=Architecture : Salzburg Sights by Period |publisher=Visit-salzburg.net |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>

===Classical modernism and post-war modernism===

Buildings of classical modernism and in particular, post-war modernism is frequently encountered in Salzburg. Examples are the Zahnwurzen house (a house in the Linzergasse&nbsp;22 in the right center of the old town), the "Lepi" (public baths in ''Leopoldskron'') (built 1964), and the original 1957 constructed congress-center of Salzburg, which was replaced by a new building in 2001. An important and famous example of the architecture of this era is the 1960 opening of the Großes Festspielhaus by Clemens Holzmeister.

===Contemporary architecture===
Adding contemporary architecture to Salzburg's old town without risking its UNESCO World Heritage status is problematic. Nevertheless, some new structures have been added: the Mozarteum at the Baroque Mirabell Garden (Architecture Robert Rechenauer),<ref>[http://www.rechenauer-architektur.de/Site/framset.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506203826/http://www.rechenauer-architektur.de/Site/framset.html|date=6 May 2012}}</ref> the 2001 Congress House (Architecture: Freemasons), the 2011 Unipark Nonntal (Architecture: Storch Ehlers Partners), the 2001 "Makartsteg" bridge (Architecture: HALLE1), and the "Residential and Studio House" of the architects Christine and Horst Lechner in the middle of Salzburg's old town (winner of the architecture award of Salzburg 2010).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.salzburg.gv.at/themen/ks/kultur/architektur/architekturpreistraeger.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630105216/http://www.salzburg.gv.at/themen/ks/kultur/architektur/architekturpreistraeger.htm |url-status=dead |title=Preisträger Salzburg |archive-date=30 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.verbund.com/bg/en/blog/2012/01/31/building-energy-efficient-houses |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209155829/http://www.verbund.com/bg/en/blog/2012/01/31/building-energy-efficient-houses |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2013 |title=flow – der VERBUND Blog |publisher=Verbund.com |date=15 October 2012 |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref> Other examples of contemporary architecture lie outside the old town: the Faculty of Science building (Universität Salzburg – Architecture Willhelm Holzbauer) built on the edge of free green space, the blob architecture of Red Bull Hangar-7 (Architecture: Volkmar Burgstaller<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visit-salzburg.net/sights/hangar7.htm |title=Red Bull's Hangar-7 at Salzburg Airport |publisher=Visit Salzburg |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>) at Salzburg Airport, home to Dietrich Mateschitz's Flying Bulls and the Europark Shopping Centre. (Architecture: Massimiliano Fuksas)

==Districts==
[[File:Salzburger Stadtteile.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Districts of Salzburg]]
Salzburg has twenty-four urban districts and three extra-urban populations.
Urban districts (''Stadtteile''):
{{div col}}
* Aigen
* Altstadt
* Elisabeth-Vorstadt
* Gneis
* Gneis-Süd
* Gnigl
* Itzling
* Itzling-Nord
* Kasern
* Langwied
* Lehen
* Leopoldskron-Moos
* Liefering
* Maxglan
* Maxglan-West
* Morzg
* Mülln
* Neustadt
* Nonntal
* Parsch
* Riedenburg
* Salzburg-Süd
* Taxham
* Schallmoos
{{div col end}}

Extra-urban populations (''Landschaftsräume''):
* Gaisberg
* Hellbrunn
* Heuberg

==Main sights==
[[File:Katedrala, Salzburg - zapad.jpg|thumb|upright|Salzburg Cathedral]]
[[File:8 of 10 - Hohensalzburg Castle, AUSTRIA.jpg|thumb|Gardens in Mirabell Palace, with Hohensalzburg Fortress in the distance]]
[[File:Getreidegasse am Nachmittag, Salzburg.jpg|thumb|upright|View of shoppers on Getreidegasse, which is one of the oldest streets in Salzburg]]
[[File:Aussenansicht red bull hangar-7 nacht.jpg|thumb|The Red Bull Hangar-7]]

Salzburg is a tourist favorite, with the number of visitors outnumbering locals by a large margin in peak times. In addition to Mozart's birthplace noted above, other notable places include:

'''Old Town'''
* Historic center of the city of Salzburg, a World Heritage Site
* Baroque architecture, including many churches
* ''Felsenreitschule'', an open-air theatre built in the quarry used for the construction of Salzburg Cathedral
* ''Franziskanerkirche'', one of Salzburg's oldest buildings, dating from 1208 and used by the Franciscans since 1642
* ''Getreidegasse'', a busy narrow shopping street characterized by numerous high townhouses
* ''Großes Festspielhaus'', an opera house and concert hall dating from 1960 and built for the annual Salzburg Festival
* ''Haus für Mozart'', formerly the ''Kleines Festspielhaus'', an opera house and concert hall dating from 1925
* Hohensalzburg Fortress (''Festung Hohensalzburg''), overlooking the Old Town, one of the largest castles in Europe
* Holy Trinity Church (''Dreifaltigkeitskirche''), dating from 1694
* Hotel Goldener Hirsch, a five-star hotel located in a building on ''Getreidegasse'' dating back to at least 1407
* ''Kollegienkirche'', the Baroque style church of the University of Salzburg
* Mirabell Palace (''Schloss Mirabell''), a pleasure palace built in 1606 with wide gardens and a marble hall
* ''Museum der Moderne Salzburg'', a modern art museum with locations in the old city and on the Mönchsberg
* ''Mozartplatz'', a historic square with monument to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
* Mozart's birthplace (''Mozarts Geburtshaus''), a house in ''Getreidegasse'' that is now a museum dedicated to Mozart
* Nonnberg Abbey (''Stift Nonnberg''), a Benedictine monastery founded c.712/715
* ''Residenz'', the former residence of the Prince-Archbishops
* ''Residenzgalerie'', an art museum in the Residenz
* ''Residenzplatz'', a large square outside the Residenz with a large and ornate fountain
* Salzburg Cathedral (''Salzburger Dom'')
* ''Salzburger Landestheater'', a theatre and venue for opera, theatre, and dance, with resident companies of actors, singers, and dancers
* ''Salzburger Marionettentheater'', a marionette theatre established in 1912
* Salzburg Museum, a museum of the artistic and cultural history of the city and region of Salzburg
* ''Sigmundstor'', an eighteenth-century tunnel connecting the Altstadt with the Riedenburg quarter through the Mönchsberg
* {{Interlanguage link|Sphaera (Salzburg)|de|lt=Sphaera}}, a sculpture of a man on a golden sphere (Stephan Balkenhol, 2007)
* St Peter's Abbey (''Stift Sankt Peter''), a Benedictine monastery founded 696 with a well-known cemetery
* {{ill|St Sebastian's Church, Salzburg|de|Sebastianskirche (Salzburg)|lt=St Sebastian's Church}} (''Sebastianskirche''), a church consecrated in 1511

'''Outside the Old Town'''
* Schloss Leopoldskron, a rococo palace and national historic monument in Leopoldskron-Moos, a southern district of Salzburg
* Hellbrunn with its parks and castles
* ''The Sound of Music'' tour companies who operate tours of film locations
* Hangar-7, a multifunctional building owned by Red Bull, with a collection of historical airplanes, helicopters, and Formula One racing cars

'''Greater Salzburg area'''
* Anif Castle, located south of the city in Anif
* Shrine of Our Lady of Maria Plain, a late Baroque church on the northern edge of Salzburg
* Salzburger Freilichtmuseum Großgmain, an open-air museum containing old farmhouses from all over the state assembled in a historic setting
* Schloss Klessheim, a palace and casino, formerly used by Adolf Hitler
* Berghof, Hitler's mountain retreat near Berchtesgaden
* Kehlsteinhaus, the only remnant of Hitler's Berghof
* Salzkammergut, an area of lakes east of the city
* Untersberg mountain, next to the city on the Austria–Germany border, with panoramic views of Salzburg and the surrounding Alps
* Skiing is an attraction during winter. Salzburg has no skiing facilities, but it is a gateway to skiing areas to the south. During the winter, its airport receives charter flights from around Europe.
* Salzburg Zoo, located south of the city in Anif

==Education==
Salzburg is a center of education and home to three universities, as well as several professional colleges and gymnasiums (high schools).

===Universities and higher education institutions===
* Salzburg University of Applied Sciences<ref>{{cite web |title=fh-salzburg |url=https://www.fh-salzburg.ac.at/en/ |access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref>
* University of Salzburg, a federal public university
* Paracelsus Medical University
* Mozarteum University Salzburg, a public music and dramatic arts university
* Alma Mater Europaea, a private university
* SEAD – Salzburg Experimental Academy of Dance

==Notable citizens==
<!-- this should not go above section as it was placed -->
[[File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|thumb|upright|Mozart was born in Salzburg.]]
* Saint Liutberga (died c. 870)
* Heinrich Biber (c. 1644-1704), who worked as a violinist and composer in Salzburg from the early 1670s.
* The composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born and raised in Salzburg when it was part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg within the Holy Roman Empire, was employed as a musician at the [[Religion:Archbishop|archbishop]]al court from 1773 to 1781. His house of birth and residence are tourist attractions. His family is buried in a small church graveyard in the old town, and there are many monuments to "Wolferl" in the city.
* The composer Johann Michael Haydn, brother of the composer Joseph Haydn. His works were admired by Mozart and Schubert. He was also the teacher of Carl Maria von Weber and Anton Diabelli and is known for his sacred music.
* [[Biography:Christian Doppler|Christian Doppler]], expert on [[Physics:Acoustics|acoustic]] theory, was born in Salzburg. He is most known for his discovery of the [[Physics:Doppler effect|Doppler effect]].
* Josef Mohr, born in Salzburg. Together with Franz Gruber, he composed and wrote the text for "Silent Night". As a priest in neighboring Oberndorf he performed the song for the first time on Christmas Eve 1818.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stillenacht.com/en/protagonists/joseph-mohr-1792-1848/ |title=Joseph Mohr (1792–1848) Priest and author of Silent Night |publisher=www.stillenacht.com |language=en |access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref>
* King Otto of Greece was born Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria at the Palace of Mirabell, a few days before the city reverted from Bavarian to Austrian rule.
* Writer Stefan Zweig, lived in Salzburg for about 15 years, until 1934.
* The Trapp Family, including Georg von Trapp, Maria von Trapp, and their children lived in Salzburg until they fled to the United States following the Nazi takeover.
* Salzburg is the birthplace of Hans Makart, a 19th-century Austrian painter-decorator and national celebrity. Makartplatz (''Makart Square'') is named in his honor.
* Writer Thomas Bernhard, raised in Salzburg, spent part of his life there.
* Herbert von Karajan, notable orchestral conductor. He was born in Salzburg and died in 1989 in neighboring Anif.
* Roland Ratzenberger, Formula One driver, was born in Salzburg. He died in practice for the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
* Joseph Leutgeb, a virtuoso on the French horn, was part of the archbishop's court.
* [[Biography:Paracelsus|Paracelsus]], Swiss physician, alchemist, and astrologer of the German Renaissance died in Salzburg.
* Klaus Ager, the distinguished contemporary composer and Mozarteum professor, was born in Salzburg on 10 May 1946.
* Alex Jesaulenko, former Australian rules football-player for Carlton and Australian Football Hall of Fame member with "Legend" status was born in Salzburg on 2 August 1945.
* Barbara Thenn (1519–1579), merchant and Münzmeister
* Georg Trakl, one of the most important voices in German literature was born in Salzburg.
* Irma von Troll-Borostyani, an Austrian writer, journalist, and campaigner for women's rights
* Theodor Herzl, worked in the courts in Salzburg during the year after he earned his [[Social:Law degree|law degree]] in 1884.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/PEOPLE/BIOS/herzl.html |title=Theodor Herzl (1860–1904) |access-date=8 August 2009 |publisher=Jewish Agency for Israel |quote=He received a doctorate in law in 1884 and worked for a short while in courts in Vienna and Salzburg. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930134611/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/people/BIOS/herzl.html |archive-date=30 September 2009}}</ref>
* Skydiver and BASE Jumper Felix Baumgartner, who set three world records during the Red Bull Stratos project on 14 October 2012
* Franz Krieger, businessman and photographer, born in Salzburg
* Hilda Crozzoli, Austria's first female architect and civil engineer
* Ferdinand Habsburg, racing driver and heir apparent to the headship of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

==Events==
* The Salzburg Festival is a famous music and theatre festival that attracts visitors during July and August each year. A smaller Salzburg Easter Festival is held around Easter each year.
* The Europrix multimedia award takes place in Salzburg.
* Electric Love Festival takes place in Salzburg.

==Transport==
[[File:Salzburg Airport from the air.jpg|thumb|Salzburg Airport]]
[[File:Map of the Salzburg trolleybus.png|thumb|Map of the Salzburg trolleybus system]]

Salzburg Hauptbahnhof is served by comprehensive rail connections, with frequent east–west trains serving [[Place:Vienna|Vienna]], [[Place:Munich|Munich]], [[Place:Innsbruck|Innsbruck]], and [[Place:Zürich|Zürich]], including daily high-speed ICE services. North–south rail connections also serve popular destinations such as Venice and [[Place:Prague|Prague]]. The city acts as a hub for southbound trains through the Alps into Italy.

Salzburg Airport has scheduled flights to European cities such as Frankfurt, [[Place:Vienna|Vienna]], [[Place:London|London]], Rotterdam, [[Place:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]], Brussels, [[Place:Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf]], and [[Place:Zürich|Zürich]], as well as [[Place:Hamburg|Hamburg]], [[Place:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] and [[Place:Dublin|Dublin]]. In addition to these, there are numerous charter flights.

In the main city, there is the Salzburg trolleybus system and bus system with a total of more than 20 lines, and service every 10 minutes. Salzburg has an S-Bahn system with four Lines (S1, S2, S3, S11), trains depart from the main station every 30 minutes, and they are part of the ÖBB network. Suburb line number S1 reaches the world-famous Silent Night chapel in Oberndorf in about 25 minutes.

==Popular culture==
In the 1960s, ''The Sound of Music'', based on the true story of Maria von Trapp, who took up with an aristocratic family and fled the German Anschluss, used locations in Salzburg and Salzburg State as filming locations.

The city briefly appears on the map when Indiana Jones travels through the city in ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade''.

Salzburg is the setting for the Austrian crime series ''Stockinger'' and an Austrian-German television crime drama series Der Pass.

In the 2010 film ''Knight & Day'', Salzburg serves as the backdrop for a large portion of the film.

==Language==
Austrian German is widely written and differs from Germany's standard variation only in some vocabulary and a few grammar points. Salzburg belongs to the region of Austro-Bavarian dialects, in particular Central Bavarian.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klaaß |first1=Daniel |title=Untersuchungen zu ausgewählten Aspekten des Konsonantismus bei österreichischen Nachrichtensprechern |date=2009 |publisher=Peter Lang |location=Frankfurt am Main |isbn=9783631585399 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_mN2mj_4--0C |access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref> It is widely spoken by young and old alike although professors of linguistics from the Universität Salzburg, Irmgard Kaiser, and Hannes Scheutz, have seen over the past few years a reduction in the number of dialect speakers in the city.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reitmeier |first1=Simone |title=Salzburg Mundart: Stirbt der Dialekt in naher Zukunft aus? |url=http://www.weekend.at/lifestyle/thema/dialekt-in-salzburg/17.600.973 |website=weekend.at |publisher=Weekend Online GmbH |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924034343/https://www.weekend.at/lifestyle/thema/dialekt-in-salzburg/17.600.973 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Winkler |first1=Jacqueline |title=Dialekte in ihrer heutigen Form sterben aus |url=https://www.salzburg24.at/news/salzburg/dialekte-in-ihrer-heutigen-form-sterben-aus-salzburger-hannes-scheutz-im-interview-84786160 |website=salzburg24 |date=18 June 2020 |publisher=Salzburg Digital GmbH |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> Although more and more school children are speaking standard German, Scheutz feels it has less to do with parental influence and more to do with media consumption.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pumhösel |first1=Alois |title=Germanist: "Kinder vor Dialekt bewahren zu wollen ist absurd" |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000115285298/germanist-kinder-vor-dialekt-bewahren-zu-wollen-ist-absurd |website=Der Standard |publisher=STANDARD Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.H. |access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref>

==Sports==

===Football===
[[File:FC Red Bull Salzburg g SK Sturm Graz 01.JPG|thumb|Stadion Wals-Siezenheim]]
The former SV Austria Salzburg reached the UEFA Cup final in 1994. On 6 April 2005 Red Bull bought the club and changed its name to FC Red Bull Salzburg. The home stadium of Red Bull Salzburg is the Wals Siezenheim Stadium in a suburb in the agglomeration of Salzburg and was one of the venues for the 2008 European Football Championship. FC Red Bull Salzburg plays in the Austrian Bundesliga.

After Red Bull had bought the SV Austria Salzburg and changed its name and team colors, some supporters of the club decided to leave and form a new club with the old name and old colors, wanting to preserve the traditions of their club. The reformed SV Austria Salzburg was founded in 2005 and at one point played in the Erste Liga, only one tier below the Bundesliga. However, in recent years they have struggled to climb back up to the Austrian second tier and since 2019 they compete in the Regionalliga Salzburg in the Austrian Football third tier.

===Ice-hockey===
Red Bull also sponsors the local ice hockey team, the EC Salzburg Red Bulls. The team plays in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga, an Austria-headquartered cross-border league featuring the best teams from Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, and Italy, as well as one Czech team.

===Other sports===
Salzburg was a candidate city for the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost to {{wipe|Vancouver}} and Sochi respectively.

==International relations==

===Twin towns—sister cities===
Salzburg is twinned with:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadt-salzburg.at/internet/wirtschaft_umwelt/wirtschaft_gewerbe/staedtepartner_333065.htm |title=Salzburger Städtepartnerschaften |publisher=Stadt Salzburg |language=de |access-date=29 May 2015}}</ref>
{{Div col}}
* Reims, Marne, Grand Est, France, since 1964
* Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy, since 1973
* [[Place:León, Nicaragua|León]], Nicaragua, since 1984
* [[Place:Singida (town)|Singida]], Tanzania, since 1984
* Busseto, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, since 1988
* [[Place:Vilnius|Vilnius]], Lithuania, since 1989
* [[Place:Dresden|Dresden]], Saxony, Germany, since 1991<ref name="Dresden">{{cite web |url=http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php |title=''Dresden&nbsp;— Partner Cities'' |publisher=Landeshauptstadt Dresden |access-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016001550/http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php |archive-date=16 October 2008}}</ref>
* Supovsky, Russia, since 2016
* Kawasaki, Japan, since 1992
* Meran, South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Italy, since 2000
* [[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]], China, since 2004
* Jahrom, Iran, since 2019
* Leeds, England, since 2022
{{Div col end}}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
File:Mozart (5).JPG|Mozart's birthplace at Getreidegasse 9
File:Salzburg (night) - Mirabellgarten.jpg|View from Mirabellgarten at night
File:Fountain Mirabell.JPG|The famous fountain in Mirabell Gardens (seen in the "Do-Re-Mi" song from ''The Sound of Music'')
File:Salzburg Sunset by Horst Michael Lechner.jpg|The Sunset at the Staatsbrücke
File:Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse1.jpg|Sigmund Haffner Gasse – Rathaus
File:Wohn&Atelierhaus Lechner Gartengeschoß1.jpg|Residential and studio house Lechner in the old town
File:Untersberg (16).JPG|The Salzburg basin
File:Salzburg (16).JPG|The fortress (background), Salzburg Cathedral (middle), and the Salzach (foreground)
File:Feb20532.JPG|ÖBB rail connection to Salzburg in Innsbruck
File:Feb20516.JPG|Mozart monument
File:Salzburg.fountain.jpg|[[Chemistry:Fountain|Fountain]] in the Residenzplatz
File:Gardens at the Palace of Mirabell.JPG|Palace of Mirabell
File:SalzburgerAltstadt02.JPG|View of the old town and fortress, seen from Kapuzinerberg
File:Salzburg - Panorama (nachts) cropped.jpg|Salzburg at night
</gallery>
{{wide image|File:Salzburg_with_cirrus_clouds.jpg|1000px|A view of the city center of Salzburg with cirrus clouds in the sky}}
{{wide image|Salzburg Nocturnal Panorama levels.jpg|1000px|A night time long exposure of Salzburg}}
{{wide image|Salzburg Steingasse1.jpg|1000px|Salzburg old town with a typical narrow alleyway}}
{{wide image|Salzburg Altstadt Panorama.jpg|1000px|Salzburg Altstadt panorama}}
{{wide image|Salzburg-Panorama-MGD.jpg|1000px|Salzburg panorama as seen from Hohensalzburg fortress}}

==See also==
* List of World Heritage Sites in Austria
* Salzburg Negotiations

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==

==External links==
{{Commons|Salzburg (Stadt)}}
* [http://www.visit-salzburg.net Salzburg, Austria – Travel guide] at visit-salzburg.net



[[Category:Austrian state capitals]]

{{Sourceattribution|Salzburg}}