View source for Place:Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe

The '''Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe''' was an institution aimed at strengthening peace, [[Social:Democracy|democracy]], [[Philosophy:Human rights|human rights]] and economy in the countries of South Eastern Europe from 1999 to 2008.  It was replaced by the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) in February 2008. The RCC replaced it because it is more "regionally owned" than the Stability Pact, which was driven more by outside partners such as the EU.
== Membership ==
[[File:SP for SEE members.png|thumb|280px|Stability Pact member states {{legend|#ff7f40|members}}
{{legend|#00ff00|observers}}
{{legend|#007fff|supporting partners}}]]
* Member partners:
** {{flagcountry|Albania}}
** {{flagcountry|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
** {{flagcountry|Bulgaria}}
** {{flagcountry|Croatia}}
** {{flagcountry|North Macedonia}}
** {{flagcountry|Moldova}}
** {{flagcountry|Montenegro}}
** {{flagcountry|Romania}}
** {{flagcountry|Serbia}}
* Observer:
** {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
* Supporting partners:
** {{flagcountry|Japan}}
** {{flagcountry|Norway}}
** {{flagcountry|Russia}}
** {{flagcountry|Turkey}}
** {{flagcountry|Switzerland}}
** {{flagcountry|United States}}
** {{EU}} member states
** Multiple international organizations.

== Creation ==
The pact was created at the initiative of the [[Social:European Union|European Union]] on June 10, 1999 in Cologne. All of the countries of the region, except for Serbia and Montenegro (then FR Yugoslavia) and Moldova, were present at the founding conference. Representatives of Bulgaria, Romania, {{wipe|Russia}}, [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]], {{wipe|United States}}, all members of the EU at the time, [[Organization:Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], Council of Europe and European Commission were also considered active participants.

Representatives of Canada, Japan, {{wipe|United Nations}}, UNHCR, NATO, [[Organization:OECD|OECD]], Western European Union, [[Organization:International Monetary Fund|International Monetary Fund]], [[Organization:World Bank|World Bank]], European Investment Bank and [[Organization:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|European Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] were present as facilitators.

The pact was created following the escalation of Kosovo War; stability of Kosovo was among the primary objectives.

In 2006 it was announced that the Stability Pact should be succeeded in early 2008 by a more regionally owned co-operation framework, the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC) formed by the countries of the region themselves, but with continued support and advice from the international community. The [[Place:South-East European Cooperation Process|South-East European Cooperation Process]] should be playing an important role in this process.

The last meeting of the SPSEE took place on 28 February 2008, in Sofia, Bulgaria when it was succeeded by the Regional Cooperation Council.<ref>[http://www6.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2008&mm=02&dd=28&nav_id=48027 B92 - News - Politics - Jeremić: Support for independence shameful<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

== Organization ==
The Special Coordinator was a head of the Stability Pact. Since 2002, the position was held by Erhard Busek.

The pact was divided among three Working Tables, with the fourth, Regional Working Table, coordinating actions between them.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!style="background:#efefef;" width="33%" | Working Table 1
!style="background:#efefef;" width="33%" | Working Table 2
!style="background:#efefef;" width="33%" | Working Table 3
|-
!style="background:#efefef;" | Chair
|Goran Svilanović
|[[Biography:Fabrizio Saccomanni|Fabrizio Saccomanni]]
|Janez Premoze
|-
!style="background:#efefef;" | Director
|Marijana Grandits
|Mary O'Mahony
|Pieter Verbeek
|-
!style="background:#efefef;" valign="top" | Main issues
| valign="top" | ''Democratization and human rights''
* Rights of minorities
* Freedom of media
* Civil society
* Rule of law and law enforcement
* Institutions, administration and governance
* Refugees
| valign="top" | ''Economic reconstruction, development and cooperation''
* Promotion of free trade areas
* International transport
* Energy supply and savings
* Deregulation and transparency
* Infrastructure
* Promotion of private sector business
* Environmental issues
* Reintegration of refugees
| valign="top" | ''Security issues''
* Justice, home affairs and migration
* Organized crime, corruption and terrorism
* Transboundary environmental hazards
* Cooperation on defence and military issues
|}
Each of the Working Tables was responsible for a set of issues, working with participant countries' governments and [[Social:Non-governmental organization|NGOs]] on resolving them.

== Achievements ==

=== Regional Table ===

=== Working Table 1 ===
Consists of five task forces: Media, Education and Youth, Local Democracy and Cross Border Cooperation, Parliamentary Cooperation and Gender Issues.

Apart from its Director WT I relies on the work of two experts Srđan Cvijić and Talia Boati.

=== Working Table 2 ===
* Completed a matrix of bilateral [[Finance:Free trade agreement|free trade agreement]]s (FTAs) between countries of the region.
** Kosovo is also participating (represented by UNMIK as per UN Security Council resolution 1244), but not all FTAs with it are ready yet.
** There is a proposal to unite the multiple FTAs (including full coverage of Kosovo) into a single [[Finance:Free trade area|free trade area]] (maybe by extension of [[Organization:Central European Free Trade Agreement|Central European Free Trade Agreement]]). Agreement was due to be signed by the first half of 2006.
* Formation of a South-East Europe Regional Energy Market for [[Physics:Electricity|electricity]] and [[Chemistry:Natural gas|natural gas]]. Participating are the member partners of the pact (without Moldova) as well as Greece and [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]].
** This process was also enhanced by the recent creation of a common European Energy Community between the [[Social:European Union|European Union]] and the countries participating in the pact (without Moldova) and Kosovo. [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]] has delayed its participation with six months, because of problems with implementation of the [[Earth:Natural environment|environment]] parts of the acquis communautaire. Moldova, {{wipe|Ukraine}} and Norway are expected to join later.

=== Working Table 3 ===
Working Table III deals with questions of both internal and external security. The aim is to establish a stable security environment in the region and to promote regional co-operation in fighting organised crime and corruption and on migration issues. It is divided into two sub-tables. The first one deals with Justice and Home Affairs and the second one with Defence and Security Sector Reform issues.

== FTA progress ==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|+ Matrix of the Free Trade Agreements in the region.
|-
! rowspan=2 | &nbsp;
! colspan=3 | [[Social:European Union|European Union]] associated
! colspan=7 | Other Stability pact partners<br>(to be merged into CEFTA)
! colspan=4 | Other European Neighbourhood Policy partners
|-
! [[Social:European Union|EU]]
! [[Organization:European Free Trade Association|EFTA]]
! [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]] CU
! Croatia
! Republic of North Macedonia
! Albania
! Bosnia and Herzegovina
! [[Place:Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia and Montenegro]]
! Kosovo
! Moldova
! {{wipe|Ukraine}}
! [[Place:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
! [[Place:Armenia|Armenia]]
! [[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
|-
| [[Social:European Union|EU]]
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1973
| bgcolor=lightgreen | CU 1996
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SAA 2005
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SAA 2004
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
| bgcolor=orange | STM
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Organization:European Free Trade Association|EFTA]]
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1973
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1992
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2001
| bgcolor=orange |
|
| bgcolor=orange |
| ?
|
| bgcolor=orange |
|
|
|
|-
| [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]] CU
| bgcolor=lightgreen | CU 1996
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1992
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2000
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2008
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2010
| ?
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2016
|
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2008
| bgcolor=red|
|
|-
| Croatia
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SAA 2005
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2003
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | <small>SEE-FTA 2002<br>[[Organization:Central European Free Trade Agreement|CEFTA]] 2006</small>
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2005
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
|
|
|
|
|-
| Republic of North Macedonia
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SAA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2001
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2000
| bgcolor=lightgreen | <small>SEE-FTA 2002<br>[[Organization:Central European Free Trade Agreement|CEFTA]] 2006</small>
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2005
|
|
|
|
|-
| Albania
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
| bgcolor=orange |
| ?
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
|
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|
|-
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
|
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2005
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
|
|
|
|
|-
| [[Place:Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia and Montenegro]]
| bgcolor=orange | SAA
| bgcolor=orange |
| ?
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2002
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=red |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
|
|
|
|
|-
| Kosovo
| bgcolor=orange | STM
| ?
| ?
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2003
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2006
| bgcolor=red |
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| ?
|
|
|
|
|-
| Moldova
|
|
|
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2005
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| bgcolor=lightgreen | SEE-FTA 2004
| ?
| bgcolor=darkgray |
|
|
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1995
|
|-
| {{wipe|Ukraine}}
|
| bgcolor=orange|
|
|
| &nbsp;
|
|
| &nbsp;
|
|
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
|
|-
| [[Place:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
|
| 
| 
| 
|
|
| 
|
|
|
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1998
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
|-
| [[Place:Armenia|Armenia]]
|
|
| bgcolor=red |
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1995
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1998
| bgcolor=darkgray |
| bgcolor=red |
|-
| [[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]]
|
| 
| 
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
| 
| 
| bgcolor=lightgreen | FTA 1996
| bgcolor=red |
| bgcolor=darkgray |
|-
|}

{{legend|lightgreen|instrument and year of entry into force}}
{{legend|yellow|instrument and year of provisional entry into force}}
{{legend|orange|in negotiations}}
{{legend|red|strained diplomatic relations over Kosovo ([[Place:Serbia and Montenegro|SiM]]–UNMIK), [[Place:Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh]] ([[Place:Armenia|Armenia]]–[[Place:Azerbaijan|Azerbaijan]], [[Place:Armenia|Armenia]]–[[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]) and the Armenian Genocide ([[Place:Armenia|Armenia]]–[[Place:Turkey|Turkey]])}}

== See also ==
* European Union Association Agreement
* European Neighbourhood Policy
* [[Finance:Euro-Mediterranean free trade area|Euro-Mediterranean free trade area]]
* [[Place:South-East European Cooperation Process|South-East European Cooperation Process]] (SEECP)
* [[Organization:Central European Free Trade Agreement|Central European Free Trade Agreement]] (CEFTA)
* [[Place:Central European Initiative|Central European Initiative]] (CEI)
* Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI)
* Black Sea Economic Co-operation (BSEC)
* [[Organization:Southeast Europe Transport Community|Southeast Europe Transport Community]]

== References ==
<references />

==External links==

* [http://www.spoc-secretariat.org Stability Pact Initiative against organised crime]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stability Pact For South Eastern Europe}}
[[Category:Southeastern Europe]]

{{Sourceattribution|Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe|1}}