View source for Place:Tell Ain Nfaikh

{{Short description|Archaeological site in Lebanon}}
{{Infobox ancient site
|name = Tell Ain Nfaikh
|native_name =
|alternate_name = Ain Nfaikh
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|location = north of Rayak
|region = Bekaa Valley
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|type = Tell
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|epochs = PPNB
|cultures = [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]]
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|excavations = 1965-1966
|archaeologists = Lorraine Copeland,<br />Peter Wescombe
|condition = Ruins
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|public_access = Yes
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'''Tell Ain Nfaikh''' or '''Ain Nfaikh''' is an archaeological site in an area c. {{convert|100|m2|ft2}} of a ploughed field {{convert|300|m|ft}} east of the Litani, north of Rayak on the west of the Beqaa Valley in [[Place:Lebanon|Lebanon]].<ref name="Hours1994">{{cite book|author=Francis Hours|title=Atlas des sites du proche orient (14000-5700 BP)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlZtAAAAMAAJ|year=1994|publisher=Maison de l'Orient méditerranéen|isbn=978-2-903264-53-6}}</ref><ref name="CopelandWescombe1965">{{cite book|author1=Lorraine Copeland|author2=P. Wescombe|title=Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6YsRRwAACAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Imprimerie Catholique}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dDskHAAACAAJ&q=neolithic+village+sites+copeland Copeland, Lorraine, "Neolithic Village Sites in the South Beqaa Lebanon", ''Melanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph'' (Beirut Lebanon) Volume 45, (Pages 83-114), 1969.]</ref>

It was first studied by Lorraine Copeland and Peter Wescombe in 1965–1966. A wide variety of materials were recovered from the site and its immediate area that are now held in the Saint Joseph University in [[Place:Beirut|Beirut]].<ref name="Moore">{{cite book|last=Moore|first=A.M.T.|title=The Neolithic of the Levant|publisher=Oxford University, Unpublished PhD Thesis|year=1978|pages=435–436|url=http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/181.html}}</ref> Stone tools from the surface included numerous short, wide, [[Sickle|sickle]] blades with fine denticulation or nibbling along with [[Engineering:Tang (tools)|tanged]] [[Engineering:Arrowhead|arrowhead]]s, scrapers, chisels, [[Engineering:Axe|axe]]s, burins, [[Chemistry:Obsidian|obsidian]] and a small green stone [[Engineering:Axe|axe]]. Pottery resembled middle periods at [[Place:Byblos|Byblos]] and coloured similar to at [[Place:Ard Tlaili|Ard Tlaili]] with red or black washes. Both fine and coarse shards were found of jars with a variety of collared and flared necks and flat bases along with bow rims such as those found at [[Place:Jericho|Jericho]].<ref name="(BeirutLebanon)1969">{{cite book|author1=Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut|author2=Lebanon)|title=Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph, pp. 94-95|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lhEOAAAAYAAJ|year=1969|publisher=Impr. catholique}}</ref> Vessels were decorated with stabbed and incised designs, finger pressed around the rim and smoothed by hand or with [[Biology:Straw|straw]]. A painted lattice pattern was detected on at least one piece. Comparisons were made with middle and late [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]] periods at [[Place:Byblos|Byblos]] showing inhabitation from several phases. The site was also used in [[History:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] and Classical times and material from these phases has been found over a wide area around the site.<ref name="(BeirutLebanon)1966">{{cite book|author1=Université Saint-Joseph (Beirut|author2=Lebanon)|title=Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph, p. 80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_SQOAAAAYAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Impr. catholique}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Archaeological sites in Lebanon}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Lebanon]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tell Ain Nfaikh}}