View source for Place:Tsumeb

{{Infobox settlement
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|name                   = Tsumeb
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|motto                  = ''Glück Auf'' <br><small>([[Social:German language|German]] for ''Good luck'')</small>
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|subdivision_type1      = Region
|subdivision_name1      = Oshikoto Region
|subdivision_type2      = Constituency
|subdivision_name2      = Tsumeb Constituency
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|population_as_of       = 2011
|population_footnotes   = <ref name=nsa>{{cite web | title=Table 4.2.2 Urban population by Census years (2001 and 2011) | url=http://cms.my.na/assets/documents/p19dmn58guram30ttun89rdrp1.pdf | work=Namibia 2011 – Population and Housing Census Main Report | publisher=Namibia Statistics Agency | access-date=19 May 2017 | page=40}}</ref>
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|coordinates            = {{coord|19|15|S|17|52|E|region:NA|display=inline}}
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'''Tsumeb''' ({{lang-hz|Okavisume}};<ref>{{cite news | title=Windhoek?! Rather make that Otjomuise | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/16007/archive-read/Windhoek-Rather-make-that-Otjomuise | last=Menges | first=Werner | newspaper=The Namibian | date=12 May 2005}}</ref> {{lang-naq|ǂAixorobes}}) is a city<ref name="ALANlist">{{cite web
|url=http://www.alan.org.na/?q=localauthorities/list
|title=Local Authorities
|publisher=Association of Local Authorities in Namibia (ALAN)
|access-date=1 October 2012}}</ref> of 15,000 inhabitants and the largest town in the Oshikoto region in northern Namibia. Tsumeb is known as the "gateway to the north" of Namibia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.placesonline.com/africa/namibia/tsumeb/introduction.asp|title=Tsumeb Travel Guide: Useful information to visit Tsumeb. 7 Reviews|website=www.placesonline.com|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref> It is the closest town to the Etosha National Park. Tsumeb used to be the regional capital of Oshikoto until 2008 when [[Place:Omuthiya|Omuthiya]] was proclaimed a town and the new capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809250375.html|title=Namibia: Govt Won't Let Tsumeb Die – Mayor|first=Irene|last=!hoaës|date=25 September 2008|access-date=18 April 2018|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> The area around Tsumeb forms its own electoral constituency and has a population of 44,113.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/yna.html|title=Namibia Constituencies|website=www.statoids.com|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref> The town is the site of a deep mine (the lower workings now closed) that in its heyday was known as "TCL" (after its operator Tsumeb Corporation Ltd.), but has since been renamed the Ongopolo Mine.

==The town and the Tsumeb mine==
[[File:Tsumeb-Main Road.JPG|thumb|left|Main road in Tsumeb]]
[[File:Tsumeb 3.JPG|thumb|left|Tsumeb open cast pit, buildings and railway about 1931]]
[[File:Shaft tower of disused mine in Tsumeb, Namibia (2014).jpg|thumb|left|[[Engineering:Shaft mining|Shaft tower]] of disused mine in Tsumeb (2014)]]

The name Tsumeb is generally pronounced "TSOO-meb". The name is not a derivative of [[Social:German language|German]], Afrikaans, or [[Social:English language|English]]. It has been suggested that it comes from Nama and means either "Place of the moss" or "Place of the frog". Perhaps this old name had something to do with the huge natural hill of green, oxidized copper ore that existed there before it was mined out.

The town was founded in 1905 by German colonial power and celebrated its 100th year of existence in 2005.


Tsumeb is notable for the huge mineralized pipe that led to its foundation. The origin of the pipe has been hotly debated. The pipe penetrates more or less vertically through the Precambrian Otavi dolomite for at least 1300 m. One possibility is that the pipe was actually a gigantic ancient cave system and that the rock filling it is sand that seeped in from above. If the pipe is volcanic, as some have suggested, then the rock filling it (the "pseudo-aplite") is peculiar in the extreme.  The pipe was mined in prehistoric times but those ancient workers barely scratched the surface. Most of the ore was removed in the 20th century by cut-and-fill methods. The ore was polymetallic and from it [[Chemistry:Copper|copper]], [[Chemistry:Lead|lead]], [[Chemistry:Silver|silver]], [[Chemistry:Gold|gold]], [[Chemistry:Arsenic|arsenic]] and [[Chemistry:Germanium|germanium]] were won. There was also a fair amount of [[Chemistry:Zinc|zinc]] present but the recovery of this metal was always difficult for technical reasons. Many millions of tonnes of ore of spectacular grade were removed. A good percentage of the ore (called "direct smelting ore") was so rich that it was sent straight to the smelter situated near the town without first having to be processed through the mineral enrichment plant. The '''Tsumeb mine''' is also renowned amongst mineral collectors.  Between 1905 and 1996, the mine produced about 30 million tons of ore yielding 1.7 Mt copper, 2.8 Mt lead 0.9 Mt zinc, as well as 80 t germanium.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Melcher, F. | year = 2003 | title = The Otavi Mountain Land in Namibia: Tsumeb, germanium and snowball earth. | journal = Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft | volume =  148 | pages = 413–435}}</ref> The average ore grade was 10% Pb, 4.3% Cu, 3.5% Zn, 100 ppm Ag, 50 ppm Ge.<ref>{{cite journal | author =Lombaard, A.F., Günzel, A., Innes, J., Krüger, T.L.| year = 1986| title = The Tsumeb lead–copper–zinc–silver deposit, South West Africa/Namibia. | journal = Anhaeusser, C.R., Maske, S. (Eds.), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa, Geol. Soc. South Africa, Johannesburg|  volume = 2| pages = 1761–1782}}</ref>

It is noted for 243 valid minerals and is the type location for 56 types of mineral. Some of the germanium minerals are only found in this mine.<ref name=mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html Tsumeb mine mineral list], TL = type location.</ref>

From 1971 to 1972, the Tsumeb mine had its operations temporarily stopped during the 1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike over the contract labor system and apartheid.<ref name="ACOA">{{Cite web |date=January 7, 1972 |title=ACOA fact sheets: STRIKE IN NAMIBIA |url=https://kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/50/304/32-130-1318-84-GMH%20ACOA%201-72Nam%20opt.pdf |publisher=AMERICAN COMMlTTEE ON AFRICA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Barbara |date=1972 |title=Namibia's General Strike |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4185227 |journal=Africa Today |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=3–8 |jstor=4185227 |issn=0001-9887}}</ref>

[[File:Dioptase-39887.jpg|thumb|Gem-quality [[Chemistry:Dioptase|dioptase]] crystals from the Tsumeb mine, source of many of the world's best (and most expensive) dioptase specimen s.]]
Tsumeb, since its founding, has been primarily a mining town. The mine was originally owned by the OMEG (Otavi Minen- und Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) and later by TCL (Tsumeb Corporation Limited) before its closure a few years ago, when the ore at depth ran out. The main shafts became flooded by ground water over a kilometre deep and the water was collected and pumped as far as the capital, Windhoek. The mine has since been opened up again by a group of local entrepreneurs ("Ongopolo Mining"). A fair amount of oxidized ore remains to be recovered in the old upper levels of the mine. It is highly unlikely, though, that the deepest levels will ever be reopened.<ref name=mindat/>

The other notable feature of the town is the metal smelter, previously owned by Namibia Custom Smelters, which was sold by Weatherly International to Dundee Precious Metals in 2010. The right of the smelter is currently owned by IXM.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guelphmercury.com/news-story/2760818-dundee-precious-metals-sells-tsumeb-smelter-to-louis-dreyfus-commodities/|title=Dundee Precious Metals sells Tsumeb smelter to Louis Dreyfus Commodities|date=14 January 2010|access-date=17 December 2018|publisher=guelphmercury.com}}</ref> The Annual Copper Festival is a well-known event on the local festival calendar.

===IUGS geological heritage site===
In respect of it being 'one of the richest ore deposits with respect to variety, rarity and aesthetics of minerals in the world', the [[Organization:International Union of Geological Sciences|International Union of Geological Sciences]] (IUGS) included the 'Tsumeb Ore Deposit' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'<ref>{{cite web |title=The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites |url=https://iugs-geoheritage.org/videos-pdfs/iugs_first_100_book_v2.pdf |website=IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage |publisher=IUGS |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>

==Sinkhole lakes and the world's biggest meteorite==
Near to the town are two large [[Earth:Sinkhole|sinkhole]] lakes, Lake Otjikoto and Lake Guinas ("Gwee-nus"). Guinas, at about 500 m in diameter, is somewhat larger in area than Otjikoto. A pioneering documentary movie about scuba diving in these lakes was made by Graham Ferreira in the early 1970s. The depths of the lakes are unknown, because towards the bottom both lakes disappear into lateral cave systems, so it is not possible to use a weight to sound them. Otjikoto, which has poor visibility (owing to pollution from agricultural fertilizers used nearby), is at least 60 m deep. The water in Guinas is completely clear and well over 100 m deep. Divers who have performed bounce-dives in Guinas to 80 m (strictly speaking, beyond the safe depth for such dives, especially given the altitude of the lake above sealevel) have reported that there was nothing but powdery-blue water below them. Guinas has been in existence for so long that a unique species of fish, ''Tilapia guinasana'', has evolved in its waters.

When South Africa invaded German Southwest Africa, today's Namibia, in 1914, the retreating German forces eventually threw all of their [[Social:Weapon|weapon]]ry and supplies into the deep waters of Otjikoto. Some of the material has been recovered for display in museums.
[[File:Otjikotosee.jpg|thumb|left|Lake Otjikoto]]
One of the largest and deepest underground lakes in the world lies a little to the east of Tsumeb, on a farm called Harasib. To reach the water in the cave one has either to abseil or to descend an ancient, hand-forged ladder that hangs free of the vertical [[Earth:Dolomite (rock)|dolomite]] walls of the cave for over 50 m. Here, too, SCUBA divers have descended as deep as they have dared (80 m) in the crystal-clear waters and have reported nothing but deep blue below them from one ledge of dolomite to the next with nothing discernible in the depths.

The largest [[Astronomy:Meteorite|meteorite]] in the world, called Hoba, lies in a field about forty minutes' drive to the southeast of Tsumeb, at Hoba West. It is a nickel-iron meteorite of about 60 tonnes.
{{clearleft}}
== Economy and infrastructure ==
There are 105 commercial farms around Tsumeb. The area consists largely of rolling hills covered in thorn bush. Tsumeb falls under the dry woodland, [[Earth:Savanna|savanna]] vegetation zone. The soil around Tsumeb varies in quality from very fertile red [[Earth:Loam|loam]] through black turf to chalky clay and loam. The district is thus suitable for intensified farming and crop production. There is an abundance of ground water and regular rainfall in the summer months. [[Earth:Irrigation|Irrigation]] makes the area even more productive. Farmers in the area grow citrus fruits with much success. The main crops grown are [[Biology:Maize|maize]], [[Biology:Sorghum|sorghum]] and sunflowers. Cattle farming is also widespread.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tsumeb.info/agriculture.htm|title = Ts911 ทางเข้าทีเอส911 – แทงบอล สมัคร Ts911 พร้อมข่าวกีฬา}}</ref>

Ohorongo Cement was established in 2007. The plant is situated between Tsumeb and Otavi on Farm Sargberg approximately 45&nbsp;km south of Tsumeb. The plant has a production capacity of 650000 tonnes per annum, almost double the demand of the Namibian domestic market. It is owned by Schwenk KG. [[Earth:Limestone|Limestone]] reserves appear to be adequate for approximately 300 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohorongo-cement.com/ |title=Home – Ohorongo Cement (PTY) Ltd |publisher=Ohorongo Cement |date= |accessdate=2022-05-12}}</ref> Tsumeb has a concrete sleeper factory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11339857-s30.htm|title=Railpage|website=Railpage|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref>

Every year the Tsumeb Municipality organises the Tsumeb Copper Festival. More than 200 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and bigger exhibitors showcase their products and services at the annual fair. The festival takes place annually during the last weekend of October at the United Nations Park. The four-day event, which is aimed at boosting the economic competitiveness of the town, draws crowds from all corners of the country and beyond.<ref>{{cite web|title={{as written|Minerology}} in Tsumeb {{!}} Kupferquelle Resort|date=17 May 2017|url=https://www.kupferquelle.com/minerology-in-tsumeb/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> It also facilitates indirect investments in the hospitality sector.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tsumeb Copper Festival scheduled for end of October {{!}} Namibia Economist|url=https://economist.com.na/6130/mining-energy/tsumeb-copper-festival-scheduled-for-end-of-october/|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref>

Tsumeb's stadium, the Oscar Norich Stadium, has a capacity of 1,500.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Oscar Norich Stadium is falling apart | newspaper=New Era | date=14 March 2016 | url=https://www.newera.com.na/2016/03/14/oscar-norich-stadium-falling/}}</ref>

===Transport===
[[File:Tsumeb Railway.JPG|thumb|Otavi Mining and Railway Company train near Tsumeb about 1931.  The photograph must have been taken in winter, as the trees have no leaves. Despite the fact that Tsumeb is in the tropics, it is well over a thousand metres above sea level and frosty in winter.]]

The main road leads north, to Ondangwa and onwards to [[Place:Oshakati|Oshakati]] and Angola. To the north-east a newly constructed Bituminous Road towards Tsintsabis leads to Katwitwi Border Post and Angola.  To the east, through Grootfontein, the road leads towards  [[Place:Rundu|Rundu]] and [[Place:Katima Mulilo|Katima Mulilo]] and to the south, through Otavi to [[Place:Otjiwarongo|Otjiwarongo]] and [[Place:Windhoek|Windhoek]].

Tsumeb is connected to the national railway network operated by TransNamib.  Tsumeb was for most of the 20th century the terminus of the line but in recent times the track has been extended a further 260&nbsp;km to reach Ondangwa.  There have been talks of extending the line to Oshikango and having the Government of Angola build a railroad from the north to connect the two countries together. The junction for the Ondangwa line is located at the "wrong end" of Tsumeb railway station, leaving it a dead end, though a second triangle is provided for through trains to bypass the station.

Tsumeb Airport is an airstrip east of town.

==Politics==
Tsumeb is governed by a municipal council that has seven seats.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Know Your Local Authority | publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research | newspaper=Election Watch | year = 2015 | issue=3 | page=4}}</ref> Nico Kaiyamo is one of the well-known and established local politicians.

In the 2010 local authority election, a total of 3,120 votes were cast in the city. SWAPO won with approximately 75% of the vote. Of the four other parties seeking seats, Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) received approximately 15% of the vote, followed by United Democratic Front (UDF, 5%), All People's Party (APP, 2%), and the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA, 2%) Despite being on the ballot, the Congress of Democrats (CoD) did not receive a vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ecn.na/results/2010/Press_Release_Local_Authority_-_Tsumeb.pdf|title=Local Authority Election Results for Tsumeb|website=ecn.na|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=16 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316164504/http://www.ecn.na/results/2010/Press_Release_Local_Authority_-_Tsumeb.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2015 local authority election was again won by SWAPO which gained six seats and 3,149 votes. The remaining seat went to the DTA which gained 291 votes.<ref>{{cite web | title=Local elections results | publisher=Electoral Commission of Namibia | page=6 | url=http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/218731/LA+results+%28press+release%29+2015.pdf/870a030b-8547-487f-ad18-b22713b16d4c?version=1.0 | date=28 November 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210194328/http://www.ecn.na/documents/27857/218731/LA+results+%28press+release%29+2015.pdf/870a030b-8547-487f-ad18-b22713b16d4c?version=1.0 | archive-date=10 December 2015 }}</ref>

The 2020 local authority election was also won by SWAPO which obtained 2,518 votes and gained four seats. The Independent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, obtained 1,472 votes and gained two seats. The remaining seat went to the Popular Democratic Movement (PDM, the new name of the DTA) with 199 votes.<ref>{{cite web | title=2020 Local Authority Elections Results and Allocation of Seats | page=15 | date=29 November 2020 | publisher=Electoral Commission of Namibia | url=https://www.ecn.na/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Media-Release-on-LA-Results_2020.pdf | access-date=25 January 2021 | archive-date=24 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124162938/https://www.ecn.na/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Media-Release-on-LA-Results_2020.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Town twinning ==
* {{flagicon|UK}} Chesterfield, {{wipe|United Kingdom}}<ref name="Chesterfield twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.chesterfield.gov.uk/Twinning-256.html|title=Chesterfield Twinning Links|access-date=2013-07-27|work=Chesterfield Borough Council|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729165043/http://chesterfield.gov.uk/Twinning-256.html|archive-date=2013-07-29}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|NOR}} Elverum, {{wipe|Norway}}

==Notable residents==
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* Alfred Angula
* Benjamin Hauwanga<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ja-namibia.org/?q=node/56 |title=Laureate Ben Hauwanga &#124; Junior Achievement Namibia |publisher=Ja-namibia.org |access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref>
* Mburumba Kerina (1932–2021), co-founder of SWAPO, NUDO, and FCN<ref name="Baptist">{{cite news
 |url         = http://www.newera.com.na/articles/40928/-
 |title       = 'I am politics' John the Baptist'
 |last        = Ndjebela
 |first       = Toivo
 |date        = 30 September 2011
 |newspaper   = New Era
 |url-status    = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150214165616/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/40928/-
 |archive-date = 14 February 2015
 |publisher   = via allafrica.com
}}</ref>
* Heino Senekal
* Gervatius Uri Khob<ref name="Copper Bullet">{{Cite news | url=https://neweralive.na/posts/gerros-uri-khob-the-copper-bullet | title=Gerros Uri-Khob, the Copper Bullet | last=Kambaekwa | first=Carlos | newspaper=New Era | date=11 November 2018}}</ref>

==Geography==

===Climate===
Tsumeb has a hot semi-arid climate ([[Earth:Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh''), with hot summers and mild winters (with warm days and chilly nights). The average annual precipitation is {{convert|528|mm|0|abbr=on}}.

{{climate chart|Tsumeb
|18|31|130
|18|30|121
|17|29|91
|14|29|34
|9|27|4
|6|25|1
|5|25|0
|8|28|0
|13|32|2
|16|33|18
|18|33|60
|18|33|67
|float=right
|source=[http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/namibia/tsumeb.php World Climate Guide]}}

== Minerals ==
Tsumeb belongs to the world's most prolific mineralogical sites. The minerals from Tsumeb are unsurpassed in variety and quality of form.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mineralienatlas – Fossilienatlas|url=https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=969&lang=de|website=www.mineralienatlas.de|language=de|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref>
At least 170 mineral species have been cataloged and 20 of these are found nowhere else.  The concentration of ingredients for Tsumeb's mineral formations originates in a sulfide deposit rich in many metals.  A non-arid environment plentiful in oxygen-rich groundwater contributed to leaching and re-deposition of these elements as new minerals, sometimes in crystalline formations.  There are rare [[Earth:Supergene (geology)|secondary minerals]] of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Sb and, reflecting the ore deposit chemistry, Ge, Ga and Cd as well. Minerals first described from Tsumeb include, according to [[Mindat.org]]:
* rare (but also a few common) arsenates: andyrobertsite, arsenbrackebuschite, arsendescloizite, arsentsumebite, [[Chemistry:Biehlite|biehlite]], calcioandyrobertsite, chudobaite, [[Chemistry:Duftite|duftite]], ekatite, fahleite, feinglosite, ferrilotharmeyerite, gaitite, gebhardite, gerdtremmelite, helmutwinklerite, jamesite, johillerite, keyite, koritnigite, leiteite, ludlockite, lukrahnite, molybdofornacite, o'danielite, prosperite, [[Chemistry:Reinerite|reinerite]], schneiderhöhnite, schultenite, sewardite, stranskiite, thometzekite, tsumcorite, [[Chemistry:Warikahnite|warikahnite]], wilhelmkleinite, zincgartrellite and zincroselite
* unique [[Chemistry:Germanium|germanium]] (bartelkeite, calvertite, eyselite, fleischerite, [[Chemistry:Germanite|germanite]], itoite, [[Chemistry:Krieselite|krieselite]] (germanate topaz), mathewrogersite, otjisumeite, ovamboite, schaurteite and stottite) and [[Chemistry:Gallium|gallium]] (gallobeudantite, söhngeite, tsumgallite) minerals
* others are: kegelite, minrecordite, otavite, plumbotsumite, queitite, sidpietersite (unique thiosulphate), stibioclaudetite, [[Chemistry:Tsumebite|tsumebite]] and zincrosasite.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html|title=Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region (Otjikoto Region), Namibia|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.handbookofmineralogy.com|title=Handbook of Mineralogy|website=www.handbookofmineralogy.com|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webmineral.com|title=Mineralogy Database|website=www.webmineral.com|access-date=18 April 2018}}</ref>

<br>
<gallery caption="Minerals of Tsumeb" widths="230px" heights="230px" perrow="4">
File:Azurite-den07-03d.jpg|Very large cluster of [[Chemistry:Azurite|azurite]] crystals, ex-Smithsonian collection, offered at US$125,000. Size 16.7 x 13.2 x 10.5&nbsp;cm.
File:Calcite-Hematite-163162.jpg|[[Chemistry:Calcite|Calcite]] crystals colored red by tiny inclusions of [[Chemistry:Hematite|hematite]]. Size: 9 x 9 x 4.3&nbsp;cm.
File:Cerussite-173904.jpg|Zoned [[Chemistry:Cerussite|Cerussite]] crystal, 5.9 x 3.6 x 1&nbsp;cm.
File:Dioptase-denv08-28b.jpg|[[Chemistry:Dioptase|Dioptase]] crystals on calcite, a classic Tsumeb specimen. Size: 8.2 x 5.8 x 5.5&nbsp;cm
File:Leiteite-rare08-2-77b.jpg|Leiteite, a zinc [[Chemistry:Arsenate|arsenate]], colored umber-red by inclusions of Ludlockite, a lead arsenate. Tsumeb is the [[Earth:Type locality (geology)|type locality]] for both species. Size: 2.8 x 1.8 x 1.2&nbsp;cm.
File:Malachite-Azurite-173869.jpg|[[Chemistry:Malachite|Malachite]] [[Earth:Pseudomorph|pseudomorph]]s after [[Chemistry:Azurite|azurite]], 13 x 6 x 4&nbsp;cm.
File:Mimetite-Wulfenite-18689.jpg|Gemmy [[Chemistry:Mimetite|mimetite]] with a "sidecar" of [[Chemistry:Wulfenite|wulfenite]], 2 x 1 x 1&nbsp;cm.
File:Scorodite-18800.jpg|Bright blue [[Chemistry:Scorodite|scorodite]] crystals on brown-black beudantite, 8 x 5 x 3&nbsp;cm.
</gallery>

==Educational institutes and training facilities==
Tsumeb is home to a number of primary and secondary schools as well as an Adult Education Center, which resorts under the Ministry of Education and Culture.

=== Training facilities ===
* Adult Education Center
* Namibia Institute of Mining and Technology (NIMT), Northern campus
* Polytechnic of Namibia Center
* [[Organization:University of Namibia|University of Namibia]] Center

=== Schools ===
* Etosha Secondary School ({{lang-af|Hoërskool Etosha}})
* Tsumeb Secondary School
* Otjikoto Secondary School
* Tsumeb Gymnasium
* Opawa Combined School
* Francis Galton Primary School
* Kuvukiland Primary School
* Tsumeb English Medium Primary School
* Nomtsoub Primary School
* Ondundu Primary School
* St. Francis Primary School

==See also==
*1971–72 Namibian contract workers strike
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{wikivoyage|Tsumeb}}
* [http://tsumeb.info Official Tsumeb Website]
* [http://www.mindat.org/loc-2428.html Mindat mineral location information]
* [http://www.ohorongo-cement.com Ohorongo Cement Website]
* [http://www.namibweb.com/tsumeb.htm Tsumeb Website]
* [http://www.nimtnamibia.com/ Namibia Institute of Mining and Technology website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144333/http://www.nimtnamibia.com/ |date=2020-10-29 }}
* [http://www.tsumebfineminerals.com/tsumeb/tsumeb/tsumeb.html The Mineralogical Record: Tsumeb!], special issue, Volume 8, Issue 3 – May/June 1977.

{{coord|19|15|S|17|42|E|region:NA_type:city|display=title}}

[[Category:Geological type localities]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tsumeb|1}}