View source for Religion:Eid al-Adha

{{Short description|Islamic holiday on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah}}
{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name  = Eid al-Adha
| official_name = Eid al-Adha
| image         = Eid Blessings WDL6855.png
| caption       = Calligraphic fragment dated to 1729–30 displaying blessings for Eid al-Adha in Arabic
| observedby    = {{collapsible list|{{flag|Afghanistan}}<br />{{flag|Albania}}<br />{{flag|Algeria}}<br />{{flag|Bahrain}}<br />{{flag|Bangladesh}}<br />{{flag|Benin}}<br />{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}<br />{{flag|Brunei}}<br />{{flag|Burkina Faso}}<br />{{flag|Burundi}}<br />{{flag|Cameroon}}<br />{{flag|Central African Republic}}<br />{{flag|Chad}}<br />{{flag|Comoros}}<br />{{flag|Djibouti}}<br />{{flag|East Timor}}<br />{{flag|Egypt}}<br />{{flag|Eritrea}}<br />{{flag|Ethiopia}}<br />{{flag|Gabon}}<br />{{flag|Gambia}}<br />{{flag|Ghana}}<br />{{flag|Guinea}}<br />{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}<br />{{flag|Guyana}}<br />{{flag|India}}<br />{{flag|Indonesia}}<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Iraq}}<br />{{flag|Ivory Coast}}<br />{{flag|Jordan}}<br />{{flag|Kazakhstan}}<br />{{flag|Kenya}}<br />{{flag|Kosovo}}<br />{{flag|Kuwait}}<br />{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<br />{{flag|Lebanon}}<br />{{flag|Libya}}<br />{{flag|Madagascar}}<br />{{flag|Malaysia}}<br />{{flag|Maldives}}<br />{{flag|Mauritania}}<br />{{flag|Morocco}}<br />{{flag|Myanmar}}<br />{{flag|Nepal}}<br />{{flag|Niger}}<br />{{flag|Nigeria}}<br />{{flag|Northern Cyprus}}<br />{{flag|Oman}}<br />{{flag|Pakistan}}<br />{{flag|Palestine}}<br />{{flag|Philippines}}<br />{{flag|Qatar}}<br />{{flag|Rwanda}}<br />{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<br />{{flag|Senegal}}<br />{{flag|Sierra Leone}}<br />{{flag|Singapore}}<br />{{flag|Somalia}}<br />{{flag|Somaliland}}<br />{{flag|South Sudan}}<br />{{flag|Spain}}<br />{{flag|Sri Lanka}}<br />{{flag|Sudan}}<br />{{flag|Surinam}}<br />{{flag|Syria}}<br />{{flag|Tajikistan}}<br />{{flag|Tanzania}}<br />{{flag|Togo}}<br />{{flag|Tunisia}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}}<br />{{flag|Turkmenistan}}<br />{{flag|Uganda}}<br />{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<br />{{flag|Uzbekistan}}<br />{{flag|Western Sahara}}<br />{{flag|Yemen}}}}
| type          = Islamic
| significance  = {{Longitem|Commemoration of Abraham (Ibrahim)'s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to a command from God}}<br />{{Longitem|End of the annual [[Religion:Hajj|Hajj]] to [[Place:Mecca|Mecca]]}}
| begins        = 10 [[Religion:Dhu al-Hijja|Dhu al-Hijja]]
| ends          = 13 Dhu al-Hijja
| date2018      = 21 August<ref name="ummalqura">{{cite web |url= http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm |title= The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date= 7 March 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110611040922/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm |archive-date= 11 June 2011 |url-status= live }}</ref>
| date2019      = 11 August<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1534151/saudi-arabia|title=First day of Hajj confirmed as Aug. 9|date=1 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808215436/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1534151/saudi-arabia|archive-date=8 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/eid-al-adha-2016-what-11862345|title=When is the Day of Arafah 2019 before the Eid al-Adha celebrations?|last=Bentley|first=David|date=9 August 2019|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911105247/http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/eid-al-adha-2016-what-11862345|archive-date=11 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
| date2024    = 16 June - 20 June (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masalieva |first1=Zhazgul |title=Как отметить Курман айт. Правила, условия и требования праздника |url=https://24.kg/obschestvo/126087_kak_otmetit_kurman_ayt_pravila_usloviya_itrebovaniya_prazdnika/ |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=24.kg |date=28 June 2023}}</ref><br> 16 June – 18 June (Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoplease.com/calendar-holidays/major-holidays/islamic-holidays|title=Islamic Holidays, 2010–2030 (A.H. 1431–1452)|website=InfoPlease|access-date=8 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003408/https://www.infoplease.com/calendar-holidays/major-holidays/islamic-holidays|archive-date=18 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Курбан айт - 2023 в Казахстане: какого числа и как праздновать |url=https://tengrinews.kz/news/kurban-ayt-2023-v-kazahstane-kakogo-chisla-i-kak-prazdnovat-500922/ |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=Tengri News |date=26 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=В Туркменистане 28-29-30 июня будут отмечать Курбан байрам |url=https://turkmenportal.com/blog/62464/v-turkmenistane-282930-iyunya-budut-otmechat-kurban-bairam |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=Turkmen Portal |date=27 May 2023}}</ref><br> 18 June - 20 June (United Kingdom, Brunei, Singapore, Japan, Morocco, Indonesia, Malaysia)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/06/356014/eid-al-adha-2023-in-uk-is-on-june-29|title=Eid Al Adha 2023 in UK is on June 29|website=Morocco World News|date=19 June 2023|access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref>
| date2025   = 6 June – 10 June <ref name="inew_When">{{Cite web |title=When Eid al-Adha 2021 falls – and how long the festival lasts |last=Hughes |first=David |work=inews.co.uk |date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |url= https://inews.co.uk/news/world/eid-al-adha-2021-when-moon-sighting-date-how-long-festival-what-meaning-explained-1002113}}</ref>
| observances   = [[Religion:Eid prayers|Eid prayers]], animal slaughter, charity, social gatherings, festive meals, gift-giving
| relatedto     = [[Religion:Hajj|Hajj]]; [[Religion:Eid al-Fitr|Eid al-Fitr]]
| alt           = 
| nickname      = 
| litcolor      = 
| celebrations  = During the Eid al-Adha celebration, Muslims greet each other by saying 'Eid Mubarak', which is Arabic for "Blessed Eid".
| date          = 
| weekday       = 
| month         = 
| scheduling    = 
| duration      = 3 days
| frequency     = 
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| startedby     = 
}}

'''Eid al-Adha''' ({{Lang-ar|عيد الأضحى}} {{transl|ar|DIN|ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā}} {{IPA-ar|ˈʕiːd æl ˈʔɑdˤħæː|}}, "Feast of the Sacrifice") or the '''Feast of Sacrifice''' is the second of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being [[Religion:Eid al-Fitr|Eid al-Fitr]]). In Islamic custom, it honours the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son, Ishmael,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&dq=Others+refer+to+either+Isaac+or+Ishmael+with+the+honorific+title+(+laqab+)+%22+Sacrifice+of+God+%22+attached+to+the+name.&pg=PA140 | title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis | isbn=978-0-7914-0331-0 | last1=Firestone | first1=Reuven | date=January 1990 | publisher=SUNY Press }}</ref> as an act of obedience to [[Religion:God in Islam|God]]'s command. However, before Abraham could sacrifice his son in the name of God, and because of his willingness to do so, God provided him with a lamb to sacrifice in his son's place. In commemoration of this intervention, [[Religion:Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)|animals such lambs, etc. are sacrificed]]. The meat of the sacrificed animal is divided into three portions: one part of the meat is consumed by the family that offers the animal, one portion is for friends and relatives, while the rest of the meat is distributed to the poor and the needy. Sweets and gifts are given, and extended family members typically visit and are welcomed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Id al-Adha |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e969|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410065901/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e969|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2019|access-date=2020-07-11 |publisher=Oxford Islamic Studies Online}}</ref> The day is also sometimes called the Greater Eid (or ''Eid Al-Kabeer'').<ref name="Metro2020-07-31-01a">{{cite web|last1=Haigh|first1=Phil|date=31 July 2020|title=What is the story of Eid al-Adha and why is it referred to as Big Eid?|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/08/21/why-eid-ul-adha-referred-big-eid-7865194/|access-date=25 April 2021|website=Metro|language=en|quote=Simply, Eid al-Adha is considered the holier of the two religious holidays and so it is referred to as 'Big Eid' whilst Eid al Fitr can be known as 'Lesser Eid'. Eid al-Kabir means 'Greater Eid' and is used in Yemen, Syria, and North Africa, whilst other translations of 'Large Eid' are used in Pashto, Kashmiri, Urdu and Hindi. This distinction is also known in the Arab world, but by calling 'Bari Eid' bari, this Eid is already disadvantaged. It is the 'other Eid'. 'Bari Eid', or Eid-ul-Azha, has the advantage of having two major rituals, as both have the prayer, but it alone has a sacrifice. 'Bari Eid' brings all Muslims together in celebrating Hajj, which is itself a reminder of the Abrahamic sacrifice, while 'Choti Eid' commemorates solely the end of the fasting of Ramazan.}}</ref>

In the [[Engineering:Islamic calendar|Islamic lunar calendar]], ''Eid al-Adha'' falls on the tenth day of [[Religion:Dhu al-Hijja|Dhu al-Hijja]] and lasts for four days. In the international [[Gregorian calendar|(Gregorian) calendar]], the dates vary from year to year, shifting approximately 11 days earlier each year.

==Pronunciation==
Eid al-Adha is pronounced ''Eid al-Azha'' and ''Eidul Azha'', primarily in Iran and influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent; {{IPAc-en|ˌ|iː|d|_|əl|_|ˈ|ɑː|d|ə|,_|-|_|ˈ|ɑː|d|h|ɑː}} {{respell|EED|_|əl|_|AH|də|,_-_|AHD|hah}}; {{lang-ar|عيد الأضحى|ʿĪd al-ʾAḍḥā}}, {{IPA-ar|ʕiːd al ˈʔadˤħaː|IPA}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of Eid al-Adha {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/eid-al-adha|access-date=2021-07-20|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The [[Social:Arabic|Arabic]] word {{lang|ar|عيد}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|ʿīd}}) means 'festival', 'celebration', 'feast day', or 'holiday'. It itself is a triliteral root {{wikt-lang|ar|عيد}} (''ʕ-y-d'') with associated root meanings of "to go back, to rescind, to accrue, to be accustomed, habits, to repeat, to be experienced; appointed time or place, anniversary, feast day".<ref name="Oxford Arabic Dictionary">{{cite book |title=Oxford Arabic Dictionary |date=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-958033-0}}</ref><ref name="Brill">{{cite book |last1=Badawi |first1=Elsaid M. |last2=Abdel Haleem |first2=Muhammad |title=Arabic–English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage |date=2008 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-14948-9}}</ref> Arthur Jeffery contests this etymology, and believes the term to have been borrowed into Arabic from Syriac, or less likely Targumic Aramaic.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |last1=Jeffery |first1=Arthur |title=The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'ān |date=2007 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-15352-3}}</ref>

The holiday is called {{lang|ar|عيد الأضحى}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|Eid-al-Adha}}) or {{lang|ar|العيد الكبير}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|Eid-al-Kabir}}) in Arabic.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Noakes|first=Greg|date=April–May 1992|title=Issues in Islam, All About Eid|url=http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/0492/9204074.html|magazine=Washington Report on Middle East Affairs|access-date=28 December 2011}}</ref> The words {{lang|ar|أضحى}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|aḍḥā}}) and {{lang|ar|قربان}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|qurbān}}) are synonymous in meaning 'sacrifice' (animal sacrifice), 'offering' or 'oblation'. The first word comes from the triliteral root {{lang|ar|ضحى}} ({{lang|ar-Latn|ḍaḥḥā}}) with the associated meanings "immolate; offer up; sacrifice; victimize".<ref name="Almaany">{{cite web |last1=Team |first1=Almaany |title=Translation and Meaning of ضحى In English, English Arabic Dictionary of terms Page 1 |url=http://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D8%B6%D8%AD%D9%89/ |website=almaany.com |access-date=26 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144402/https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%25D8%25B6%25D8%25AD%25D9%2589/ |archive-date=26 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> No occurrence of this root with a meaning related to sacrifice occurs in the Qur'an<ref name="Oxford Arabic Dictionary"/> but in the Hadith literature. Assyrians and other Middle Eastern Christians use the term to mean the [[Religion:Sacramental bread|Eucharistic host]]. The second word derives from the triliteral root {{wikt-lang |1=ar |2=&rlm;ق ر ب&lrm; |3=&rlm;قرب&lrm; }} ({{lang|ar-Latn|qaraba}}) with associated meanings of "closeness, proximity... to moderate; kinship...; to hurry; ...to seek, to seek water sources...; scabbard, sheath; small boat; sacrifice".<ref name="Brill"/> Arthur Jeffery recognizes the same Semitic root, but believes the sense of the term to have entered Arabic through Aramaic.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Origin==
One of the main trials of Abraham's life was to receive and obey the command of God to slaughter his beloved son. According to the narrative, Abraham kept having dreams that he was sacrificing his son. Abraham knew that this was a command from God and he told his son, as stated in the Quran,{{Blockquote|1=<poem>"Oh son, I keep dreaming that I am slaughtering you". he replied, "Father, do what you are ordered to do."</poem>|2={{qref|37|102|c=y}} }} Abraham prepared to submit to the will of God and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to God.<ref name="Bate">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anexaminationcl00bategoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/anexaminationcl00bategoog/page/n40 2]|quote=Ishmael sacrifice.|title=An Examination of the Claims of Ismail as Viewed by Muḥammadans|year=1884|last1=Bate|first1=John Drew|publisher=BiblioBazaar|isbn=978-1117148366|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206073851/https://archive.org/details/anexaminationcl00bategoog|archive-date=6 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> During the preparation, [[Unsolved:Iblis|Iblis]] (Satan) tempted Abraham and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God's commandment, and Abraham drove [[Unsolved:Iblis|Iblis]] away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham.<ref name="SUNY">{{cite book |last1=Firestone |first1=Reuven |title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the -Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis |date=1990 |publisher=SUNY Press |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&q=Ishmael+sacrifice&pg=PA105|isbn=978-0791403310 }}</ref>

Acknowledging that Abraham was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, God honoured both Abraham and his son. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) called Abraham, "O' Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations." and a ram from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel to prophet Abraham to slaughter instead of his son. Many Muslims celebrate Eid al Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of his son Ishmael.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muslim.sg/articles/the-significance-of-hari-raya-aidiladha?type=articles|title=The Significance of Hari Raya Aidiladha|website=muslim.sg|access-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614130509/https://muslim.sg/articles/the-significance-of-hari-raya-aidiladha?type=articles|archive-date=14 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Elias">{{cite book|last=Elias|first=Jamal J.|title=Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oBNJxemMwQwC|access-date=24 October 2012|year=1999|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-21165-9|page=75|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610080506/https://books.google.com/books?id=oBNJxemMwQwC|archive-date=10 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Muslim Information Service of Australia |url=http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/eidaladha.htm |title=Eid al – Adha Festival of Sacrifice |publisher=Missionislam.com |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208045904/http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/eidaladha.htm |archive-date=8 December 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

This story is known as the [[Religion:Binding of Isaac|Akedah]] in Judaism (Binding of Isaac) and originates in the Torah,<ref name="Stephan Huller">{{cite book|last1=Stephan Huller |first1=Stephan|title=The Real Messiah: The Throne of St. Mark and the True Origins of Christianity |date=2011 |publisher=Watkins; Reprint edition |isbn=978-1907486647 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1zPmHHylo0C&q=as+the+Akedah+in+Judaism+%28Binding+of+Isaac%29+and+originates+in+the+Tora%2C&pg=PT57}}</ref> the first book of Moses ([[Religion:Book of Genesis|Genesis]], Ch. 22). The Quran refers to the Akedah as follows:<ref name="Wiley-Blackwell">{{cite book |last1=Fasching |first1=Darrell J. |last2=deChant |first2=Dell |title=Comparative Religious Ethics: A Narrative Approach to Global Ethics |date=2011 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1444331332 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t3CoAPdxNK0C&q=Quran%2C+surah+37+%28As-Saffat%29+sacrifice+Isaac&pg=PT344}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|1=<poem>100 My Lord! Bless me with righteous offspring."
101 So We gave him good news of a forbearing son.
102 Then when the boy reached the age to work with him, Abraham said, "O my dear son! I have seen in a dream that I ˹must˺ sacrifice you. So tell me what you think." He replied, "O my dear father! Do as you are commanded. Allah willing, you will find me steadfast."
103 Then when they submitted ˹to Allah's Will˺, and Abraham laid him on the side of his forehead ˹for sacrifice˺,
104 We called out to him, "O Abraham!
105 You have already fulfilled the vision." Indeed, this is how We reward the good-doers.
106 That was truly a revealing test.
107 And We ransomed his son with a great sacrifice,
108 and blessed Abraham ˹with honourable mention˺ among later generations:
109 "Peace be upon Abraham."
110 This is how We reward the good-doers.
111 He was truly one of Our faithful servants.
112 We ˹later˺ gave him good news of Isaac—a prophet, and one of the righteous.</poem>|2={{qref|37|100–112|c=y}} }}

The word "Eid" appears once in Al-Ma'ida, the fifth surah of the Quran, with the meaning "a festival or a feast".<ref>{{qref|5|114|b=y|t=c}}— Jesus, son of Mary, prayed, "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread with food as a feast for us—the first and last of us—and as a sign from You. Provide for us! You are indeed the Best Provider."
{{qref|5|114|b=y|t=si}}— Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allāh, our Lord, send down to us a table [spread with food] from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."</ref>

== Ritual slaughter ==
{{main|Religion:Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)}}
The tradition for Eid al-Adha involves slaughtering an animal and sharing the meat in three equal parts – for family, for relatives and friends, and for poor people. The goal is to make sure every Muslim gets to eat meat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules |url=https://www.muslimaid.org/what-we-do/religious-dues/qurbani/qurbani-rules/ |website=Muslim Aid |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Qurbani Meat Distribution Rules |url=https://islamicallrounder.com/eid-ul-fitr-eid-ul-adha/ |website=islamicallrounder |date=30 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Prayers==
{{Main|Religion:Eid prayers}}
[[File:The Badshahi in all its glory during the Eid Prayers.JPG|thumb|upright|left|Eid prayer at the Badshahi Mosque, Pakistan]]


Devotees offer the Eid al-Adha prayers at the mosque. The Eid al-Adha prayer is performed any time after the sun completely rises up to just before the entering of ''[[Religion:Zuhr prayer|Zuhr]]'' time, on the tenth of Dhu al-Hijja. In the event of a ''[[Finance:Force majeure|force majeure]]'' (e.g. natural disaster), the prayer may be delayed to the 11th of Dhu al-Hijja and then to the 12th of Dhu al-Hijja.<ref name="H. X. Lee">{{cite book |last1=H. X. Lee |first1=Jonathan |title=Asian American Religious Cultures [2 volumes] |date=2015 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1598843309 |page=357 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taNZCgAAQBAJ&q=time+of+Eid+al-Adha+prayer+sun+completely+rises+up&pg=PA357}}</ref>

Eid prayers must be offered in congregation. Participation of women in the prayer congregation varies from community to community.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asmal|first=Fatima|date=6 July 2016|title=South African women push for more inclusive Eid prayers|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/07/south-african-women-push-inclusive-eid-prayers-160705120351868.html|publisher=[[Engineering:Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=12 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905131550/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/07/south-african-women-push-inclusive-eid-prayers-160705120351868.html|archive-date=5 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It consists of two ''[[Religion:Rakat|rakat]]s'' (units) with seven ''[[Religion:Takbir|takbir]]s'' in the first Raka'ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka'ah. For [[Religion:Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]], Salat al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no ''[[Religion:Adhan|adhan]]'' (call to prayer) or ''[[Religion:Iqama|iqama]]'' (call) is pronounced for the two Eid prayers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/42283015/37112149-Sunnah-During-Eid-Ul-Fitr-and-Adha-According-to-Authentic-Hadith |title=Sunnah during Eid ul Adha according to Authentic Hadith |via=Scribd |date=13 November 2010 |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502102057/http://www.scribd.com/doc/42283015/37112149-Sunnah-During-Eid-Ul-Fitr-and-Adha-According-to-Authentic-Hadith |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080914174319/http://www.sistani.org/local.php?modules=nav&nid=2&bid=59&pid=2947 حجم الحروف –] Islamic Laws : Rules of Namaz » Adhan and Iqamah. Retrieved 10 August 2014</ref> The ''salat'' (prayer) is then followed by the khutbah, or sermon, by the [[Religion:Imam|Imam]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=Eid ul-Fitr 2020: How to say Eid prayers|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/eid-ul-fitr-2020-how-to-say-the-eid-prayer/story-FzDmjfNroBpSUPtpoUNtKO.html|access-date=2020-08-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange greetings with one another (''[[Religion:Eid Mubarak|Eid Mubarak]]''), give gifts and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isna.net/Islam/pages/The-Significance-of-Eid.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126043633/http://www.isna.net/Islam/pages/The-Significance-of-Eid.aspx |archive-date= 26 January 2013 |title=The Significance of Eid |publisher=Isna.net |access-date=28 December 2011}}</ref>

==Traditions and practices==
[[File:A_view_of_the_Armenian_Church,_Dhaka.jpg|thumb|right|Eid cattle traditionally gets decorated in Bangladeshi culture]]
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 28887 Eid al-Adha Homemade Cookies.jpg|thumb|Cookies of Eid (ma'amoul)]]
During Eid al-Adha, distributing meat amongst the people, chanting the ''[[Religion:Takbir|takbir]]'' out loud before the Eid prayers on the first day and after prayers throughout the four days of Eid, are considered essential parts of this important Islamic festival.<ref name="McKernan">{{cite web |last1=McKernan |first1=Bethan |title=Eid al-Adha 2017: When is it? Everything you need to know about the Muslim holiday |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/eid-al-adha-2017-when-is-it-muslim-holiday-sacrifice-feast-islam-august-5-days-september-a7918006.html |website=.independent |date=29 August 2017 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809124658/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/eid-al-adha-2017-when-is-it-muslim-holiday-sacrifice-feast-islam-august-5-days-september-a7918006.html |archive-date=9 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ''takbir'' consists of:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.islamawareness.net/Eid/takbeers.html |title=Eid Takbeers&nbsp;– Takbir of Id |publisher=Islamawareness.net |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219223210/http://www.islamawareness.net/Eid/takbeers.html |archive-date=19 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{verse translation|lang=ar|rtl1=yes|italicsoff=y
|الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر
لا إله إلا الله
الله أكبر الله أكبر
ولله الحمد
|''Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar''
''lā Ilāha illAllāh''
''Allāhu akbar, Allāhu akbar''
''waliLlāhi l-ḥamd''{{efn|<poem>Translation: Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest
There is no god but Allah
Allah is greatest, Allah is greatest
and to Allah goes all praise.<ref name="H. X. Lee"/></poem>}}
}}

Adults and children are expected to dress in their finest clothing to perform Eid prayer in a large congregation in an open ''[[Religion:Waqf|waqf]]'' ("stopping") field called Eidgah or mosque. Affluent Muslims who can afford it sacrifice their best [[Religion:Halal|halal]] domestic animals (usually a camel, goat, sheep, or ram depending on the region) as a symbol of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his only son.<ref name="Ekrem">{{cite web |last1=Buğra Ekinci |first1=Ekrem |title=Qurban Bayram: How do Muslims celebrate a holy feast? |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/09/24/qurban-bayram-how-do-muslims-celebrate-a-holy-feast |website=dailysabah |date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728101309/https://www.dailysabah.com/feature/2015/09/24/qurban-bayram-how-do-muslims-celebrate-a-holy-feast |archive-date=28 July 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The sacrificed animals, called {{transliteration|ar|Wehr|aḍḥiya}} ({{lang-ar|أضحية}}), known also by the Perso-Arabic term ''qurbāni'', have to meet certain age and quality standards or else the animal is considered an unacceptable sacrifice.<ref name="CABI">{{cite book |last1=Cussen |first1=V. |last2=Garces |first2=L. |title=Long Distance Transport and Welfare of Farm Animals |date=2008 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1845934033 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HixNfhRQAscC&q=sacrificed+animals+meet+certain+age+and+quality+standards&pg=PA33}}</ref> In Pakistan alone nearly ten million animals are sacrificed on Eid days, costing over $2 billion.<ref>{{cite news |author=Ahsan Butt |url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/42661/the-cost-of-sacrifice/ |title=Bakra Eid: The cost of sacrifice |work=Asian Correspondent |date=16 November 2010 |access-date=28 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228053138/http://asiancorrespondent.com/42661/the-cost-of-sacrifice/ |archive-date=28 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The meat from the sacrificed animal is preferred to be divided into three parts. The family retains one-third of the share; another third is given to relatives, friends, and neighbors; and the remaining third is given to the poor and needy.<ref name="Ekrem"/>

Muslims wear their new or best clothes. People cook special sweets, including ma'amoul (filled shortbread cookies) and samosas. They gather with family and friends.<ref name="H. X. Lee"/>

==In the Gregorian calendar==

While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the [[Gregorian calendar]] is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar.<ref name="Chris">{{cite book |last1=Hewer |first1=Chris |title=Understanding Islam: The First Ten Steps |year=2006 |publisher=SCM Press |isbn=978-0334040323 |page=[https://archive.org/details/understandingisl0000hewe/page/111 111] |url=https://archive.org/details/understandingisl0000hewe|url-access=registration |quote=he Gregorian calendar. }}</ref>{{efn|Because the Hijri year differs by about 11 days from the AD year, Eid al-Adha can occur twice a year, in the year 1029, 1062, 1094, 1127, 1159, 1192, 1224, 1257, 1290, 1322, 1355, 1387, 1420, 1452, 1485, 1518, 1550, 1583, 1615, 1648, 1681, 1713, 1746, 1778, 1811, 1844, 1876, 1909, 1941, 1974, 2007, 2039, 2072, 2104, 2137, 2169, 2202, 2235, 2267 and 2300 (will continue to occur every 32 or 33 years).}} Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of about two to four Gregorian dates in parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the [[Physics:International Date Line|International Date Line]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=India com|date=2020-07-30|title=Eid al-Adha or Bakrid 2020 Date And Time: History And Significance of The Day|url=https://www.india.com/festivals-events/eid-al-adha-or-bakrid-2020-date-and-time-history-and-significance-of-the-day-4098460/|access-date=2020-07-31|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref>

The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.<ref name="ummalqura" /> The Umm al-Qura calendar is just a guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied on the 29th day of the lunar month prior to Dhu al-Hijja<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/eid-al-adha-2016-holiday-day-160814084340209.html|title=Eid al-Adha 2016 date is expected to be on September 11|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=14 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814174432/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/eid-al-adha-2016-holiday-day-160814084340209.html|archive-date=14 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mount Ararat {{!}} Location, Elevation, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Ararat|access-date=2020-08-01|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>

In many countries, the start of any [[Engineering:Islamic calendar|lunar Hijri]] month varies based on the observation of new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.
{| class="wikitable"
! Islamic year !! Gregorian date
|-
| 1400||20 October 1980
|-
| 1401||{{0}}8 October 1981
|-
| 1402||27 September 1982
|-
| 1403||17 September 1983
|-
| 1404||{{0}}5 September 1984
|-
| 1405||26 August 1985
|-
| 1406||15 August 1986
|-
| 1407||{{0}}4 August 1987
|-
| 1408||25 July 1988
|-
| 1409||13 July 1989
|-
| 1410||{{0}}2 July 1990
|-
| 1411||22 June 1991
|-
| 1412||11 June 1992
|-
| 1413||31 May 1993
|-
| 1414||20 May 1994
|-
| 1415||{{0}}9 May 1995
|-
| 1416||29 April 1996
|-
| 1417||17 April 1997
|-
| 1418||{{0}}7 April 1998
|-
| 1419||27 March 1999
|-
| 1420||16 March 2000
|-
| 1421||{{0}}5 March 2001
|-
| 1422||22 February 2002
|-
| 1423||11 February 2003
|-
| 1424||{{0}}1 February 2004
|-
| 1425||20 January 2005
|-
| 1426||10 January 2006
|-
| 1427||30 December 2006
|-
| 1428||20 December 2007
|-
| 1429||{{0}}8 December 2008
|-
| 1430||27 November 2009
|-
| 1431||16 November 2010
|-
| 1432||{{0}}6 November 2011
|-
| 1433||26 October 2012
|-
| 1434||15 October 2013
|-
| 1435||{{0}}5 October 2014
|-
| 1436||24 September 2015
|-
| 1437||12 September 2016
|-
| 1438||{{0}}1 September 2017
|-
| 1439||20 August 2018
|-
| 1440||11 August 2019
|-
| 1441||31 July 2020
|-
| 1442||20 July 2021
|-
| 1443||{{0}}9 July 2022 
|-
| 1444||28 June 2023 
|-
| 1445||16 June 2024 (calculated)
|-
| 1446||{{0}}6 June 2025 (calculated)
|-
| 1447||26 May 2026 (calculated)
|-
| 1448||16 May 2027 (calculated)
|-
| 1449||{{0}}4 May 2028 (calculated)
|-
| 1450||23 April 2029 (calculated)
|-
| 1451||13 April 2030 (calculated)
|-
| 1452||{{0}}2 April 2031 (calculated)
|-
| 1453||21 March 2032 (calculated)
|-
| 1454||11 March 2033 (calculated)
|-
| 1455||28 February 2034 (calculated)
|-
| 1456||17 February 2035 (calculated)
|-
| 1457||{{0}}7 February 2036 (calculated)
|-
|1458||26 January 2037 (calculated)
|-
|1459||16 January 2038 (calculated)
|-
|1460||{{0}}5 January 2039 (calculated)
|-
|1461||14 December 2040 (calculated)
|}

== Explanatory notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|last1=Muttaqi|first1=Shahid ‘Ali|title=The Sacrifice of 'Eid al-Adha'|url=https://www.animalsinislam.com/islam-animal-rights/sacrifice-eid-al-adha/}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Eid Al-Adha}}
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]

{{Sourceattribution|Eid al-Adha}}