View source for Religion:Girls of Enghelab Street

{{Infobox civil conflict
|title    = Girls of Enghelab Street
|image    = [[File:Girl of Enghelab Street.jpg|260px]]
|caption  = An Iranian woman showing support for the Girls of Enghelab Street in Hauptplatz in [[Place:Linz|Linz]]
|date     = Since {{Start date|2017|12|28|df=yes}}
|place    = [[Religion:Iran|Iran]]
|partof   = 2017–18 Iranian protests
|goals    = Removal of Compulsory Hijab law
|arrests  = At least 34<ref name="dailystar.com.lb_1"/><ref name="ibtimes.co.uk_1"/><ref name="en.radiofarda.com_2"/><ref name="hrw.org_1"/><ref name="radiofarda.com_1"/>
|side1    = {{flagicon image|White Wednesday Movement.jpg}} Protesters 
|side2    = {{Unbulleted list|{{flagicon|Iran}} Islamic Republic|{{*}}Police}}
|subtitle = 
|methods  =  {{unbulleted list|Civil disobedience|Nonviolent resistance}}
}}
'''Girls of Enghelab Street''' ([[Social:Persian language|Persian]]: دختران خیابان انقلاب) is a series of protests against [[Religion:Hijab by country#Iran|compulsory hijab]] in Iran. The protests were inspired by '''Vida Movahed''' ({{lang-fa|ویدا موحد}}), an Iranian woman known as the '''Girl of Enghelab Street''' ({{lang-fa|دختر خیابان انقلاب}}), who stood in the crowd on a utility box in the Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) of [[Place:Tehran|Tehran]] on 28 December 2017, tied her hijab, a white headscarf, to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag.<ref name="al-monitor.com_1"/><ref name="albawaba.com_1"/><ref name="dailystar.com.lb_1"/><ref name="foxnews.com_1"/> She was arrested on that day<ref name="dailystar.com.lb_1"/><ref name="foxnews.com_1"/> and was released temporary on bail<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_1"/><ref name="newyorker.com_1"/> a month later, on 28 January 2018.<ref name="NasrinSotoudeh_1"/><ref name="independent.co.uk_1"/> Some people believe that Movahed's action was based on Masih Alinejad's call for White Wednesdays, a protest movement that the presenter at VOA Persian Television started in early 2017.<ref name="globalvoices.org_1"/><ref name="theguardian.com_1"/><ref name="rferl.org_2"/> Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the "Girls of Enghelab Street".<ref name="theguardian.com_1"/> Some of the protesters claim that they didn't follow Masih Alinejad's call.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_2"/><ref name="radiozamaneh.com_1"/><ref name="radiozamaneh.com_1"/><ref name="asriran.com_1"/><ref name="tasnimnews.com_1"/>

== Islamic Republic's Penal Code ==
{{see|Theocracy#Iran}}
In the Islamic law of Iran imposed shortly after the 1979 Islamic revolution, article 638 of 5th book of Islamic Penal Code (called Sanctions and deterrent penalties) women who do not wear a hijab may be imprisoned from ten days to two months, and/or required to pay fines from 50,000 up to 500,000 [[Finance:Iranian rial|rials]].<ref name="thesun.co.uk_1"/><ref name="article_638_iran_law"/> Fines are recalculated in the courts as the value of Iranian rials drops every year since 1979.

Article 639 of the same book says, two type of people shall be sentenced to one year to 10 years imprisonment, first a person who establishes or directs a place of immorality or prostitution, second a person who facilitates or encourages people to commit immorality or prostitution.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2"/><ref name="article_639_iran_law"/>

These are some of the laws under which some protesters were charged.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2"/><ref name="rudaw.net_1"/>

== Background ==
Before the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 (during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran) the hijab was not compulsory,<ref name="El Guindi"/> though some Iranian women during this period wore headscarfs or chador.<ref name="Abrahamian"/>

After the 1979 Islamic revolution, the hijab gradually became compulsory.<ref name="Milani"/> In 1979, [[Biography:Ruhollah Khomeini|Ruhollah Khomeini]] announced that women should observe Islamic dress code;<ref name="Milani"/><ref name=Algar84/> His statement sparked demonstrations, which were met by government assurances that the statement was only a recommendation.<ref name="Milani"/><ref name=Algar84/> Hijab was subsequently made mandatory in government and public offices in 1980, and in 1983 it became mandatory for all women.<ref name="Milani"/>

In 2018, a government run survey dating back to 2014, was released by President Hassan Rouhani, showing that 49.8% of Iranians were against compulsory or mandatory hijab.<ref name="nytimes.com_1"/><ref name="post-gazette.com_1"/> The report was released by the Center for Strategic Studies, the research arm of the Iranian President's office, and was titled "Report of the first hijab special meeting" on July 2014 in a PDF format.<ref name="css.ir_1"/>

On 2 February 2018 a poll conducted by the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) showed that a few Iranians agreed with "changing Iran's political system or relaxing strict Islamic law".<ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite web|last1=Taylor|first1=Adam|title=Most Iranians feel Trump’s comments in support of protesters didn’t help, poll finds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/02/02/most-iranians-feel-trumps-comments-in-support-of-protesters-didnt-help-poll-finds/|website=washingtonpost|accessdate=2 February 2011}}</ref>

Iran is the only country in the world that requires non-Muslim women to wear a headscarf.<ref name="firstpost.com_1"/> For example, in January 2018, a Chinese female musician was forcibly veiled in the middle of her concert performance.<ref>https://www.albawaba.com/loop/chinese-musician-humiliated-iran-hijab-imposed-mid-performance-1074470</ref>

== Timeline ==
=== December 2017 ===
==== 28 December ====
On 28 December 2017, pictures and videos of Movahed waving her scarf went viral through the hashtag "Where_is_she?" ({{lang|fa|#دختر_خیابان_انقلاب_کجاست}}, "Where is the girl of Enghelab Street" in Persian) on social media.  While at first she was unknown, days later, Nasrin Sotoudeh, the human rights activist and lawyer who has also been arrested, found out that the girl is 31 years old and was arrested on the spot with her 19-month-old baby.<ref name="al-monitor.com_1"/><ref name="albawaba.com_1"/><ref name="dailystar.com.lb_1"/>

=== January 2018 ===
==== 28 January ====
On 28 January 2018, according to Nasrin Sotoudeh, the lawyer investigating the case, Vida Movahed was released;<ref name="NasrinSotoudeh_1"/><ref name="independent.co.uk_1"/> temporary on bail.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_1"/><ref name="newyorker.com_1"/>

==== 29 January ====
On 29 January 2018, a woman was arrested in Tehran after re-enacting Movahed's protest by standing on the same utility box in Enqelab Street, taking off her white Hijab, and holding it up on a stick. Photos has been posted on social media show that at least three other women re-enacted  Movahed's protest in Tehran on 29 January, including one near Ferdowsi Square.<ref name="theguardian.com_1"/>

==== 30 January ====
According to Nasrin Sotoudeh on 30 January 2018, the second woman who was arrested on 29 January 2018 was '''Narges Hosseini''' ({{lang-fa|نرگس حسینی}}); her age is 32.<ref name="straitstimes.com_1"/>

On 30 January 2018, several more women, but also men, protested against the compulsory hijab law by re-enacting Movahed's protest.<ref name="rferl.org_2"/><ref name="globalvoices.org_1"/> This took place in Tehran, as well as other cities as well including [[Place:Isfahan|Esfahan]] and [[Place:Shiraz|Shiraz]].<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2"/><ref name="aljazeera.com_1"/>

=== February 2018 ===
==== 1 February ====
On 1st February 2018 the Iranian Police department announced they had arrested 29 women for taking off their hijab.<ref name="ibtimes.co.uk_1"/><ref name="rferl.org_3"/><ref name="theguardian.com_2"/><ref name="aljazeera.com_1"/>

==== 2 February ====
According to Nasrin Sotoudeh, the Iranian lawyer, Narges Hosseini known as the second girl of Enghelab street, who is 32 years old was unable to pay the $135,000 USD bail set by the judge presiding over her case, facing a possible 10 years in prison and up to 74 lashes on charges including openly committing a sinful act.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2"/><ref name="rudaw.net_1"/>

{{see|#Islamic Penal Code}}

==== 15 February ====
New photos and video shared on social media shows another woman re-enacting Movahed's protest on the same street, Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) on 15 February 2018 was identified as '''Azam Jangravi''' ({{lang-fa|اعظم جنگروی}}), videos shows that the police took her down aggressively. According to her latest Instagram picture, she said that she a part of Iranian women Reformists and Executives of Construction Party and has taken no orders from neither someone from inside nor outside the country, she said she has done that to protest against compulsory hijab.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_2"/><ref name="hrw.org_1"/><ref name="radiozamaneh.com_2"/>

==== 17 February ====
Narges Hosseini and Azam Jangravi were released from the custody temporary on bail.<ref name="hrw.org_1"/>

==== 21 February ====
Another female protester named '''Shaparak Shajarizadeh''' ({{lang-fa|شاپرک شجری زاده}}) was arrested protesting with a white scarf on Wednesday, 21 February 2018 in Gheytarieh street; eyewitnesses said that the police attacked her from behind and took her in custody.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_3"/><ref name="hrw.org_1"/><ref name="radiozamaneh.com_3"/>

[[File:Vesal-Enghelab-2018-02-24 21-23-09.jpg|thumb|250px|The original utility box that Vida Movahed and other protesters stood on top of, located in the Enghelab–Vesal Junction in Tehran. It has since been  altered by the government to prevent protesters from standing on its top.]]

Photos shared on social media shows that the government was placing an inverted v-shaped iron structure on the utility boxes so as to inhibit anyone standing on top of the boxes.<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_4"/> She was sentenced to two years in prison in addition to an 18-year suspended prison term.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iranian woman gets 20-year punishment for publicly taking off hijab|url=https://stepfeed.com/iranian-woman-gets-20-year-punishment-for-publicly-taking-off-hijab-9989|website=StepFeed.com|date=July 10, 2018}}</ref> In addition, she stated that she left [[Religion:Iran|Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iranian Woman Who Protested Hijab Rule Gets Two-Year Sentence, Leaves Country|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iranian-woman-hijab-protest-two-year-sentence/29354892.html|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=July 10, 2018}}</ref>

==== 22 February ====
Another woman named '''Maryam Shariatmadari''' ({{lang-fa|مریم شریعتمداری}}) was protesting compulsory hijab in the afternoon on a utility box; the police asked her to come down and the woman refused and questioned the police what's her crime, "disturbing the peace" the police replied. Then, as she was violently ejected by the police, she was injured and her leg was broken.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_3"/><ref name="radiozamaneh.com_5"/>

Shaparak Shajarizadeh was beaten up in custody.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_3"/> She was released later temporary on bail.<ref name="en.radiofarda.com_3"/>

==== 24 February ====
Eyewitnesses said that another women named '''Hamraz Sadeghi''' ({{lang-fa|همراز صادقی}}) was protesting compulsory hijab on Saturday, 24 February 2018 when suddenly she was attacked by an unknown security force, her arm was broken and was arrested.<ref name="radiofarda.com_1"/>

=== July 2018 ===
==== 8 July ====
On July 8, 2018, Iranian teenager Maedeh Hojabri was arrested after she posted videos of herself dancing to Western and Iranian music on her [[Software:Instagram|Instagram]] account without her headscarf.<ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite web|title=Woman arrested in Iran for Instagram video of her dancing|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/08/iran-woman-arrested-instagram-video-dancing|date=July 8, 2018}}</ref> She was among several popular Instagram users, with more than 600,000 followers.<ref name="The Guardian"/> Her videos were shared by hundreds of people.<ref name="The Guardian"/> Several Iranian women posted videos of themselves dancing to protest her arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Barron|first1=Laignee|title=Women in Iran Are Dancing to Protest the Arrest of a Teenage Instagrammer|url=http://time.com/5332944/iran-arrest-teenage-dancer-maedeh-hojabri/|magazine={{wipe|Time (magazine)}}|date=July 9, 2018}}</ref>

== Reactions ==
=== National ===
* Iranian chief prosecutor&nbsp;– Mohammad Jafar Montazeri on 31 January 2018, reacted to the protests by calling them "trivial" and "childish" moves that were incited by foreigners.<ref name="sputniknews.com_1"/>
* The deputy speaker of parliament&nbsp;– Ali Motahari, on 31 January 2018 said that there is no compulsory hijab in Iran, since women show up wearing whatever they like.<ref name="thenational.ae_1"/><ref name="al-monitor.com_2"/><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com_1"/><ref name="dawn.com_1"/>
* A member of the parliament&nbsp;– Soheila Jolodarzadeh Iranian politician on 31 January 2018 said that the protests is the result of their unnecessary restriction for women.<ref name="theguardian.com_2"/>
* Judiciary&nbsp;– Iraninan judiciary spokesman, Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i on 4 February 2018 said, some of the arrested women were on "synthetic drugs"; he also declared that if it is proven their protests were organized, their crime will be much heavier.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2"/>
* President Hassan Rouhani on 11 February 2018, 39th anniversary of Islamic Revolution said under the article 59 of the constitution any conflicts in Iranian society could be resolved with a constitutional referendum.<ref name="nytimes.com_2"/>
* Iranian senior actress and director&nbsp;– Marzieh Boroumand on 14 February 2018 said that she is against compulsory hijab but she is not supporting Masih Alinejad's lead on the movement, she said that Alinejad is trying to seize every movement inside the country to her own and gives excuses to the government that the protesters are getting orders from her and making trouble for young people.<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_1"/><ref name="asriran.com_1"/><ref name="tasnimnews.com_1"/>
* City Council of Tehran&nbsp;– Nahid Khodakarami, an Iranian midwife and a member of City Council of Tehran on 15 February 2018 said that choosing their own clothes is the least right that women can have, "Which one is has more sin, hairs of Azam Jangravi or that man's hand?" said Ms. Khodakarami is reaction to the video of arresting Azam Jangravi.<ref name="fa.euronews.com_1"/><ref name="twitter.com_1"/><ref name="twitter.com_2"/>
* An academic&nbsp;– "Who and based on what article of the law allowed to the police to eject that women like that?", said Abdollah Ramezanzadeh on 22 February 2018.<ref name="AbdollahRamezanzadeh_1"/>
[[File:Mehdi Tabatabaei 1393.jpg|thumb|200px|Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei, Iranian Shia cleric said that forcing hijab on people is against Islam and has a reverse result.<ref name="jamaran.ir_1"/>]]
* An Iranian Shia cleri&nbsp;– Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei on 22 February 2018 in reaction to the arrests said that for sure hijab is requirement in Islam, no doubt, but does that mean shouble force it on people?.<ref name="jamaran.ir_1"/>
* Iranian police&nbsp;– on 23 February 2018 has officially warned if someone take their hijabs off, they will be imprisoned up to 10 years according to the article 639 of the law. Police said that it is their job to make sure that someone is not breaking the law.<ref name="farsnews.com_1"/>
{{see|#Islamic Penal Code}}
* An Iranian journalist&nbsp;– The Ghanoon (The Law) Newspaper has published an article on 24 February 2018 on the main page written by Mehrshad Imani, let's not call the hijabless people, prostitutes based on article 639 of the law.<ref name="bbc.com_1"/>

=== International ===
* Amnesty International on 24 January 2018 called on the Iranian government to free the arrested woman unconditionally.<ref name="rferl.org_1"/> On 2 February 2018 Amnesty International once again calls on the government to release six human right defenders including one of the protesters Shima Babaei who were arrested on 1 February 2018 .<ref name="amnesty.org_1"/><ref name="en.radiofarda.com_1"/><ref name="ekklesia.co.uk_1"/>
* {{flagu|United States}}&nbsp;– Heather Nauert, spokeswoman of the United States Department of State on 2 February 2018 said that United States condemns the arrests of people who are protesting against compulsory hijab law, and United States supports those people.<ref name="state.gov_1"/><ref name="straitstimes.com_2"/><ref name="rferl.org_4"/><ref name="uniindia.com_1"/><ref name="pakistantoday.com.pk_1"/><ref name="egypttoday.com_1"/>
* Women from Around the World&nbsp;– On 6 February 2018, campaign on social media with the hashtag #NoHijabDay raises, where other women from around the world burn their hijabs in solidarity with Iranian women who are forced to wear hijab.<ref name="mirror.co.uk_1"/><ref name="stepfeed.com_1"/>
* The director of the Middle East Program at Wilson Center&nbsp;– Haleh Esfandiari an Iranian-born American based in Washington, on 17 February 2018 in an interview with Axios said her opinion is that these protests are causing a stir but they are not a movement yet.<ref name="axios.com_1"/>
* Human Rights Watch&nbsp;– Sarah Leah Whitson the Middle East director of HRW on 24 February 2018 asked the Iranian government to drop the charges against the protesters.<ref name="hrw.org_1"/><ref name="en.radiofarda.com_3"/>
* 45 Members of the European Parliament on 28 February 2018 call on EU Foreign Policy Chief Federica Mogherini to support the Iranian Women’s Anti-Compulsory-Hijab Protests.<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_3"/><ref name="marietjeschaake.eu_1"/>

==See also==
*Homa Darabi

== References ==
{{Reflist|2|refs=
<ref name="al-monitor.com_1">{{cite web |author=D'Ignoti, Stefania |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/01/veils-role-in-iran-protests.html |title=Women's campaigns flourish beyond Iran protests|publisher=Al Monitor |date=18 January 2018 |accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="albawaba.com_1">{{cite web |author=Alfatlawi, Rosie|url=https://www.albawaba.com/loop/where-she-iranians-seek-answers-over-disappearance-hijab-waving-icon-1076774 |title='#Where is She?' Iranians Seek Answers Over Disappearance of Hijab-waving Icon |publisher=Al Bawaba |date=20 January 2018 |accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="dailystar.com.lb_1">{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2018/Jan-22/434875-iran-lawyer-raises-concern-over-missing-hijab-protester.ashx |title=Iran lawyer raises concern over missing hijab protester|publisher=The Daily Star (Lebanon) |date=22 January 2018 |accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="thesun.co.uk_1">{{cite web |author= Lockett, Jon|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5404426/brave-iranian-woman-who-stood-on-tehran-pillar-box-waving-her-hijab-in-protest-vanishes-and-is-feared-arrested-lawyer-says/ |title=Brave Iranian woman vanishes and is feared arrested after standing on Tehran pillar box waving her hijab in protest|publisher=[[Social:The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]] |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="foxnews.com_1">{{cite web |author= Norman, Greg |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/01/23/iranian-woman-in-iconic-video-feared-to-have-been-arrested-after-waving-hijab-on-stick.html |title=Iranian woman in iconic video feared to have been arrested after waving hijab on a stick|publisher=Fox News |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=27 January 2018}}</ref>
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<ref name="straitstimes.com_2">{{cite web |author=|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/iran-arrests-29-linked-to-protests-against-compulsory-hijab|title=Iran arrests 29 linked to protests against compulsory hijab|publisher=The Straits Times |date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=4 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/iran-arrests-29-women-as-headscarf-protests-intensify-/articleshow/62757087.cms|title=Iran arrests 29 women as headscarf protests intensify-|publisher=The Times of India|date=2 February 2018 |accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="dawn.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1387016|title=29 women held as protests against dress code intensify in Iran|publisher=DAWN|date=3 February 2018 |accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="rferl.org_4">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-hijab-protests-united-states-condemns-arrests/29016012.html|title=U.S. Condemns Iran’s Arrest Of Protesters Against Compulsory Hijab|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=3 February 2018 |accessdate=3 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="uniindia.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=http://www.uniindia.com/us-extends-support-to-protests-against-forced-hijab-in-iran/world/news/1126470.html|title=US extends support to protests against forced hijab in Iran|publisher=United News of India|date=3 February 2018 |accessdate=3 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="pakistantoday.com.pk_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/02/03/us-criticises-iran-against-apprehension-of-compulsory-hijab-protesters/|title=US criticises Iran against apprehension of compulsory hijab protesters|publisher=Pakistan Today|date=3 February 2018 |accessdate=3 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="egypttoday.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/41801/Washington-supports-Iranian-women-protesting-against-compulsory-hijab|title=Washington supports Iranian women protesting against compulsory hijab|publisher=Egypt Today|date=3 February 2018 |accessdate=3 February 2018 }}</ref>. However, the United States has never pressured its close ally Saudi Arabia to abolish compulsory hijab laws or free women arrested for failing to wear headscarves.
<ref name="El Guindi">{{cite book | last1 = El Guindi |first1 = Fadwa |  date = 1999 | title = Veil: Modesty, Privacy and Resistance | location = Oxford; New York | publisher = [[Company:Berg Publishers|Berg Publishers]]; Bloomsbury Academic | page = 3, 13-16, 130, 174-176 | isbn = 9781859739242}}</ref>
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<ref name="nytimes.com_1">{{cite web |author=Erdbrink, Thomas| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/04/world/middleeast/iran-hijab-veils.html |title=Compulsory Veils? Half of Iranians Say ‘No’ to Pillar of Revolution|publisher={{wipe|The New York Times}} |date=4 February 2018  |accessdate=5 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="post-gazette.com_1">{{cite web |author=Erdbrink, Thomas| url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/world/2018/02/05/Half-of-Iranians-say-no-to-compulsory-veils-a-pillar-of-the-1979-Islamic-Revolution/stories/201802040201 |title= Half of Iranians say ‘no’ to compulsory veils, a pillar of the 1979 Islamic Revolution |publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=4 February 2018  |accessdate=5 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="css.ir_1">{{cite web |author=| url=http://www.css.ir/Media/PDF/1396/11/14/636532375414083535.pdf|title= گزارش اولین نشست تخصصی حجاب |publisher=Center for Strategic Studies |date=July 2014|accessdate=5 February 2018 | language = fa }}</ref>
<ref name="newyorker.com_1">{{cite web |author=Wright, Robin|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/hijab-protests-expose-irans-core-divide|title= Hijab Protests Expose Iran’s Core Divide|publisher=The New Yorker|date=7 February 2018 |accessdate=24 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="nytimes.com_2">{{cite web |author=Erdbrink, Thomas|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/world/middleeast/iran-environmentalists-spies.html|title= In Iran, Environmentalists Are Now Seen as Spies|publisher=The New York Times|date=12 February 2018 |accessdate=26 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="firstpost.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/protests-against-mandatory-hijab-in-iran-reignite-debate-that-has-preoccupied-islamic-nation-since-its-founding-4341269.html|title= Protests against mandatory hijab in Iran reignite debate that has preoccupied Islamic nation since its founding|publisher=Firstpost|date=8 February 2018 |accessdate=26 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="mirror.co.uk_1">{{cite web |author=Dunphy, Liz|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/women-around-world-burn-headscarves-11979107|title=Women around world burn headscarves to mark No Hijab Day saying: "We are not candies to be covered"|publisher=Daily Mirror|date=6 February 2018 |accessdate=7 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="stepfeed.com_1">{{cite web |author=Khalaf, Rayana |url=https://stepfeed.com/nohijabday-women-burn-their-hijabs-sparking-online-debate-9895|title=#NoHijabDay: Women burn their hijabs, sparking online debate|publisher=StepFeed|date=6 February 2018 |accessdate=7 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_2">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2018/02/woman-arrested-for-removing-hijab-in-tehran-refuses-to-repent-despite-facing-10-years-in-prison/|title=Woman Arrested For Removing Hijab in Tehran Refuses to Repent Despite Facing 10 Years in Prison|publisher=Center for Human Rights in Iran|date=6 February 2018 |accessdate=16 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="rudaw.net_1">{{cite web |author=|url=http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iran/06022018|title=Iran’s hijab protesters remain defiant in prison: rights group |publisher=Rudaw Media Network|date=6 February 2018 |accessdate=16 February 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="article_639_iran_law">{{cite book |title=Book #5 of the Islamic Penal Code (Sanctions and deterrent penalties) | language =fa|article=639}}</ref>
<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/381844|title=مرضیه برومند در واکنش به اعتراض‌ها: با حجاب اجباری مخالفم|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=15 February 2018 |accessdate=17 February 2018 }}</ref>
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<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_2">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/381893|title=یک دختر خیابان انقلاب دیگر: از اصلاحات خسته شده‌ام|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=15 February 2018 |accessdate=16 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
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<ref name="twitter.com_1">{{cite web |author=Khodakarami, Nahid|url=https://twitter.com/N_Khodakarami/status/964188956656111616|title=کم ترین حقی که می شود برای یک #زن قائل شد انتخاب نوع #حجاب است.|publisher=Twitter|date=15 February 2018 |accessdate=17 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="twitter.com_2">{{cite web |author=Khodakarami, Nahid|url=https://twitter.com/N_Khodakarami/status/964198935265992704|title=کدام گناهش بیشتر است؟ موهای #اعظم_جنگروی یا دست های آن مرد؟|publisher=Twitter|date=15 February 2018 |accessdate=17 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="axios.com_1">{{cite web |author=Britzky, Haley|url=https://www.axios.com/hijab-protests-in-iran-da243ead-3bf2-4e3f-9115-e117e7f9cc62.html|title=The high stakes of hijab protests in Iran|publisher=Axios | date=17 February 2018 |accessdate=25 February 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_3">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/382742|title=بازداشت یک دختر دیگر خیابان انقلاب|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=21 February 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_4">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/382931|title=سکوی دختران خیابان انقلاب تغییر شکل داد (Girls of Enghelab street platform has changed shape)|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=22 February 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="radiozamaneh.com_5">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/383027|title=باز هم دختر خیابان انقلاب و برخورد خشن پلیس (Another Girl of Enghelab Street and Police violent)|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=22 February 2018 |accessdate=22 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
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<ref name="radiofarda.com_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/b21-enghelab-protests-against-hejab/29061795.html|title=یکی دیگر از «دختران خیابان انقلاب» ضرب‌وشتم و «بازداشت شد»|publisher=Radio Farda|date=25 February 2018 |accessdate=25 February 2018 |language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="jamaran.ir_1">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.jamaran.ir/بخش-سیاست-12/867883-سید-مهدی-طباطبایی-در-بحث-حجاب-شاهد-لجبازی-بین-برخی-مردم-مجریان-هستیم-ساز-کار-اعتراض-در-کشور-به-طور-واقعی-روشن-نیست-فقها-سعی-کنند-استقلال-حوزه-را-حفظ-کنند|title=سید مهدی طباطبایی: در بحث حجاب شاهد لجبازی بین برخی مردم و مجریان هستیم/ ساز و کار اعتراض در کشور به طور واقعی روشن نیست/ فقها سعی کنند استقلال حوزه را حفظ کنند |publisher=Jamaran.ir|date=23 February 2018 |accessdate=24 February 2018|language = fa}}</ref>
<ref name="iranhumanrights.org_3">{{cite web |author=|url=https://www.iranhumanrights.org/2018/02/45-european-mps-call-on-eu-foreign-policy-chief-to-support-iranian-womens-anti-compulsory-hijab-protest/|title=45 European MPs Call on EU Foreign Policy Chief to Support Iranian Women’s Anti-Compulsory-Hijab Protest|publisher=Center for Human Rights in Iran|date=28 February 2018 |accessdate=1 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="marietjeschaake.eu_1">{{cite web |author=Marietje Schaake|url=https://marietjeschaake.eu/en/letter-to-hr-vp-on-anti-hijab-protests-in-iran|title=Letter to HR/VP on anti-hijab protests in Iran|publisher=marietjeschaake.eu|date=20 February 2018 |accessdate=1 March 2018}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
*[https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-hijab-protest/29013216.html Iranians Stand Up Against Hijab], ''Radio Liberty''

==Video==
*[https://a.msn.com/r/2/AAwg3JT?m=en-us Assaults by Iranian cops spark headscarf debate], April 2018
[[Category:Civil rights and liberties]]

{{Sourceattribution|Girls of Enghelab Street|1}}