View source for Roundabout (song)

"'''Roundabout'''" is a song by the English progressive rock band Yes from their fourth studio album ''Fragile'', released in November 1971. It was written by singer Jon Anderson and guitarist Steve Howe and produced by the band and Eddy Offord. The song originated when the band were on tour and travelled from Aberdeen to Glasgow, and went through many roundabouts on the way.

The song was released as an edited single in the US in January 1972 with "Long Distance Runaround", another track from ''Fragile'', as the B-side. It peaked at number 13 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and number 10 on the ''Cash Box'' Top 100 singles charts.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/70s_files/19720422.html|title=Cash Box Top 100 Singles|date=1972-04-22|access-date=2015-12-18|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1973, Anderson and Howe won a BMI Award for writing the song.

==Writing and recording==
The song originated in March 1971 when the band were on tour promoting ''The Yes Album'' (1971), travelling from Aberdeen to Glasgow after a gig in Aviemore, Scotland.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}}<ref name=wsj2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-inspiration-behind-roundabout-the-1972-hit-song-by-yes-1488898767|title=The Inspiration Behind 'Roundabout,' the 1972 Hit Song by Yes|first=Marc|last=Myers|date=7 March 2017|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref> They encountered many roundabouts on the way; Anderson claimed "maybe 40 or so", which inspired Anderson and Howe to write a song about the journey as they sat in the back of the band's transit van, and include the roundabouts and the surrounding mountains into the lyrics.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/yes-songs-of-the-70/|title=Top 10 Yes Songs of the '70s|author=Matt Wardlaw|work=ultimateclassicrock.com}}</ref> Anderson had smoked marijuana during the trip, "so everything was vivid and mystical".<ref name=wsj2017/> Anderson added: "It was a cloudy day, we couldn't see the top of the mountains. We could only see the clouds because it was sheer straight up ... I remember saying, "Oh, the mountains–look! They're coming out of the sky!",{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}} and began to write the song's lyrics in his notebook in a free-form style with minimal edits. "I just loved how words sounded when I put them together".<ref name=wsj2017/> Within 24 hours, the band had arrived back home in London where Anderson reunited with his then wife Jennifer, which inspired the song's lyric "Twenty-four before my love, you'll see, I'll be there with you".{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}} A loch they passed as they neared Glasgow became the idea behind the line "In and around the lake".{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}} Upon their arrival at their hotel in Glasgow, Anderson and Howe began to put down song ideas on their recorder.<ref name=wsj2017/>

In August 1971, Yes regrouped in London to prepare material for their fourth album, ''Fragile''. Early into the sessions, keyboardist Tony Kaye was fired from the group over his lack of interest in learning more keyboards to expand the band's sound, and was replaced by Rick Wakeman. The group then moved to Advision Studios in September 1971 to record ''Fragile'' with audio engineer Eddy Offord as their co-producer, using a 16-track recording machine to layer their ideas at which point, Howe later said, "The song became pure magic".<ref name=wsj2017/> The rhythm tracks were recorded first, in separate sections.<ref name=wsj2017/> ''Fragile'' contains four group-performed songs with five solo tracks written and arranged by each member; "Roundabout" is one of such collaborative tracks.<ref name=goldmine2011/>

==Composition==
Howe recalled the track was originally "a guitar instrumental suite" and had a basic outline worked out when he first developed it. "All the ingredients are there—all that's missing is the song. "Roundabout" was a bit like that; there was a structure, a melody and a few lines."{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=28}} In 1994, former Yes guitarist Peter Banks whom Howe replaced in 1970, claimed he had come up with the song's main riff several years prior to the band recording it.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}} The song was recorded in sections in a series of tape edits, a method of recording that was still relatively new to the group. They had played it through in rehearsal several times, but Squire recalled the group would make sure to "get the first two verses really good" and record from there.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}}

In its original form, the song began with the acoustic guitar, which Howe played on a 1953 Martin 00-18, but the group soon thought a more dramatic opening was needed.<ref name=wsj2017/> This led to Wakeman playing a note on the piano that was recorded and played backwards, creating an effect that Howe described "as if it's rushing towards you". Wakeman played the lowest E note on his grand piano with the E an octave higher which gave it "a fatter feel".<ref name=wsj2017/> Offord recalled a considerable amount of time was spent to get it right in the studio because it involved a lengthy process of picking the right note to use, and editing it correctly.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}} Howe thought the piano added a sense of drama, intensity, and colour to the song.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}} An early idea had the song start with what Anderson described as "something of a Scottish jig" on Howe's acoustic guitar, which he had played to Anderson in their Glasgow hotel room.<ref name=wsj2017/>

Squire played his bass guitar parts with an overdub that was one octave higher using Howe's Gibson ES-150 electric guitar and mixed with his bass track.{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}} To complement Squire's playing, Wakeman played arpeggios on his Hammond C3 organ on his right hand while playing Squire's bass parts with his left. For the song's slower section, he plays a Minimoog synthesiser and flute sounds on a Mellotron which he said gave the section a "Strawberry Fields mood".<ref name=wsj2017/> Apart from his acoustic guitar, Howe plays a 1961 electric Gibson ES-5 Switchmaster throughout the song.<ref name=wsj2017/> Anderson noted the music has a "Scottish feel" to it and described the solo part as like a reel, a traditional Scottish country dance.<ref name=goldmine2011>{{cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2306426361.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118015302/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2306426361.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2018|via=Highbeam Research|url-access=subscription|title=YES: Through the Years|magazine=Goldmine|date=1 February 2011|first=Howard|last=Whitman|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref>

Once the music tracks had been put down, Anderson entered the studio early one morning and recorded his lead vocals. When the rest of the group arrived, they recorded the vocal harmonies.<ref name=wsj2017/> At the end of the song Anderson, Squire and Howe perform three-part harmonies that is repeated eight times, during which they also sing a second harmony part that Anderson said resembles the main melody to the nursery rhyme "Three Blind Mice".{{sfn|Morse|1996|p=29}} He later revealed Wakeman is singing the notes to the rhyme which was placed "against the grain of what we were doing" to make it sound more intriguing. To close, Howe repeated his acoustic guitar introduction but ended on an E major chord.<ref name=wsj2017/>

==Release==
"Roundabout" was first released as the opening track on ''Fragile'', in November 1971 on Atlantic Records. In preparation for its release as a single in the US, the song was cut to 3:27 to make it more suitable for radio airplay. Some changes include an abridged instrumental intro, which forgoes the 40 second nylon string passage played by Howe and skips the second hearing of the bass riff.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Everett|first=Walter|date=May 2010|title='If you're gonna have a hit': Intratextual mixes and edits of pop recordings|journal=Popular Music|volume=29|issue=2|pages=244|jstor=40926920}}</ref> It was released, with "Long Distance Runaround" on the B-side, another group written track on ''Fragile'', on 4 January 1972.<ref name=goldmine2011/> The song peaked at number 13 on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 singles chart, the band's highest charting single on the chart until 1984 with ""Owner of a Lonely Heart".<ref name=goldmine2011/> Elsewhere, "Roundabout" went to number 23 on the Dutch Top 40 chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40.nl/index.aspx?week=10&jaar=1972|title=Nederlandse Top 40 - Week 10, 1972|language=Dutch|access-date=20 December 2009}}</ref> ''Billboard'' ranked it at number 91 on its Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1972. The full-length, album version was used as a B-side in 1973 and a live version was released as a bonus single in copies of ''Classic Yes'' in 1981.

In June 1973, Anderson and Howe won a BMI Award for the top songwriting and publishing awards held by Broadcast Music, Inc. for 1972.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Davis & Screen Gems Top 99 '72 BMI Writer/Pub. Awards|journal=Billboard|date=16 June 1973|page=12|issn=0006-2510|access-date=31 December 2016|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref>

==Legacy==
"Roundabout" has become one of the best-known Yes songs; it has been performed at nearly every concert since its release. It was used as the theme music for the BBC concert programme ''Sounds for Saturday''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRa6l1x-Q6E|title=The Faces - BBC Crown Jewels 10-26-1971 (Full Show)|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=2012-10-14|access-date=2016-10-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref> "Roundabout" was used in ''Outside Providence'' (1999). In 2003, on the DVD commentary of ''School of Rock'', actor Jack Black states that Wakeman's solo is his personal favourite keyboard solo. "Roundabout" is a playable track in the music game ''Rock Band 3'', but has an extra harmonic at the beginning of the song. The song is referenced in the Season 4 episode of ''The Venture Bros.'' "Perchance to Dean", in which a similar melody is played like the ending to the actual track.

In 2012, "Roundabout" was used as the ending theme song for the first season of the ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'' anime series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-14/uk-band-yes-singer-tommy-perform-jojo-bizarre-adventure-themes|title=UK Band Yes, Singer Tommy Perform Jojo's Bizarre Adventure Themes|publisher=Anime News Network|date=2012-09-14|access-date=2012-09-26|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to the director, "Roundabout" was one of many songs ''JoJo'' creator Hirohiko Araki listened to when he wrote the original manga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://animeanime.jp/article/2013/05/14/14037.html|title='JoJo no Kimyō na Bōken' Tsuda Naokatsu direkutā intabyū (kōhen) 'JoJo!' to sakebitaiga, ōpuningu no yōbō|script-title=ja:「ジョジョの奇妙な冒険」津田尚克ディレクターインタビュー （後編） 「ジョジョ！」と叫びたいが、オープニングの要望|trans-title='JoJo's Bizarre Adventure' Naokatsu Tsuda Director Interview (continued) I Want to Shout 'JoJo!', Opening Requests|language=Japanese|publisher=Anime! Anime!|date=2013-05-14|access-date=2014-03-21|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The usage of "Roundabout" within ''JoJo's Bizarre Adventure'' has additionally led to both it and the series' "To Be Continued" insert becoming a collective [[Internet meme]], in which videos feature the song's introductory acoustic guitar riff before coinciding with the "To Be Continued" insert, typically freeze-framing at a point where an accident or injury seems imminent.<ref>{{cite news|last=Menegus|first=Bryan|title=The Roots of This Ridiculous Meme Predate the Internet|url=https://gizmodo.com/to-be-continued-is-the-sleeper-meme-hit-of-the-summer-1781860391|access-date=16 December 2016|work=Gizmodo|date=15 June 2016}}</ref>

"Roundabout" was featured on the re-released version of ''Grand Theft Auto V''{{'}}s Los Santos Rock Radio radio station.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://pitchfork.com/news/57496-grand-theft-auto-v-reveals-expanded-radio-station-tracklists-for-game-relaunch/|title=Grand Theft Auto V Reveals Expanded Radio Station Tracklists for Game Relaunch|work=Pitchfork|date=17 November 2014|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref>

“Roundabout” was played during Yes’ induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017. The song was performed by keyboardist Rick Wakeman, vocalist Jon Anderson, guitarists Steve Howe and Trevor Rabin, drummer Alan White, and Rush bassist Geddy Lee.

==Track listing==
* Atlantic — 45-2854 — U.S. 7" vinyl single<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Yes-Roundabout/release/1208215|title=Yes – Roundabout (Vinyl)|publisher=Discogs|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref>
{{tracklist
| headline = Side one
| title1 = Roundabout
| length1 = 3:27
}}
{{tracklist
| headline = Side two
| title1 = Long Distance Runaround
| length1 = 3:15
}}

==Personnel==
*Jon Anderson&nbsp;– lead vocals
*Steve Howe&nbsp;– electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals
*Chris Squire&nbsp;– bass guitar, electric guitar (for basslines), backing vocals
*Rick Wakeman&nbsp;– Hammond organ, Minimoog, grand piano, Mellotron
*Bill Bruford&nbsp;– drums, percussion

==Chart performance==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

===Weekly charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
!align="left"|Chart (1972)
!align="left"|Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row" | Canada (''RPM'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.7700&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.7700.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.7700|title=Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada|website=Bac-lac.gc.ca|access-date=2016-10-07|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|9
|-
{{singlechart|Dutch100|27|artist=Yes|song=Roundabout|rowheader=true|accessdate=24 September 2016}}
|-
{{singlechart|Billboardhot100|13|artist=Yes|rowheader=true|accessdate=24 September 2016}}
|-
! scope="row"| US ''Cash Box'' Top 100<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
| style="text-align:center;"|10
|}
{{col-2}}

===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!align="left"|Chart (1972)
! style="text-align:center;"|Rank
|-
|U.S. ''Cash Box''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cashboxmagazine.com/archives/70s_files/1972YESP.html|title=The Cash Box Year-End Charts: 1972|date=1972-12-30|access-date=2015-05-21|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"|90
|-	
|US ''Opus''	
| style="text-align:center;"|86
|}
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

;Books
*{{Cite book|last=Morse|first=Tim|title=Yesstories: "Yes" in Their Own Words|year=1996|publisher=St Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-312-14453-1|ref=harv}}

==External links==
*{{MetroLyrics song|yes|roundabout}}<!-- Licensed lyrics provider -->

{{Yesband}}
{{JoJo's Bizarre Adventure}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roundabout (Song)}}
[[Category:Internet memes]]

{{Sourceattribution|Roundabout (song)}}