View source for Social:Bajo people

{{Short description|Ethnic group of Bajo Island, Indonesia}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Bajo
| native_name = {{small|{{plainlist|
* {{lang|bdl|Bajo}} {{in lang|bdl}}
* ᨈᨚ ᨓᨍᨚ {{lang|bug|To Wajo}} {{in lang|bug|gor}}}}}}
| native_name_lang = bdl
| image = [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Bewoners van Badjo-kampong Kajoa op Ternate Noord-Molukken TMnr 10005731.jpg|325px]]
| image_caption = The settlement of Bajo at the coastal region of [[Ternate Island|Ternate]] in [[North Maluku|northern Maluku]]
| total = <!-- total population worldwide -->
| total_year = <!-- year of total population -->
| total_source = <!-- source of total population; may be ''census'' or ''estimate'' -->
| total_ref = <!-- references supporting total population -->
| regions = {{flag|Indonesia}} ([[Flores Sea]])
| languages = [[South Sulawesi languages|Southern Sulawesi]] of [[Bajo language|Bajo]]
| religions = {{plainlist|
* '''Predominantly'''
* [[File:Allah-green.svg|17px]] [[Islam in Indonesia|Islam]] (adhered to [[Sunni]]) 
* [[File:AnimismSymbol.PNG|20px]] [[Animism in Indonesia|Animism]]
* '''Also'''
* [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] [[Christianity in Indonesia|Christianity]] 
* [[File:Modre symbol Omkara.png|20px]] [[Hinduism in Indonesia|Hinduism]]}}
| related_groups = {{hlist|[[Bugis]]|[[Kangeanese people|Kangeanese]]ª¹|[[Makassar people|Makassar]]ª²|[[Papuan people|Papuan]]|Wakatobi}}
| footnotes = ª¹² These groups of people might not related genetically, but have coexisted for centuries}}
The '''Bajo''', '''Bajonese''', '''Bajonesian''', or '''Wajo''', '''Wajonese''' ({{lang-bug|ᨈᨚ ᨓᨍᨚ|To Wajo}}; {{lang-pey|Badjo}}; {{lang-nl|Badjo}}, {{lang|nl|Wadjo}}) are the [[Native Indonesians|indigenous Indonesian]] [[ethnic group]] native to the Bajo Island of [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] (''Nusa Tenggara'') in [[Indonesia]]. These ethnic group can be found all across the [[Flores Sea]] to the northeastern [[Bali Sea]], and some have established permanent settlements in the southern of Sulawesi where they are locally known as the '''Wajo Bugis''' due to their close historical relation with the [[Bugis]] ethnic group.

==Ethnonym==
The [[ethnonym]] of Bajo people is an [[endonym]] which referring to their native origin in the Bajo Island of Lesser Sunda Islands (''Nusa Tenggara''). The term later adopted in the southern Sulawesi language of [[Bugis language|Bugis]] as ᨅᨍᨚ, which literally means "[the] [[wood]]", referring to the material for making boats that are often used by the Bajo ethnic group to travel the sea across the Flores Sea region.

In [[English language|English]], these ethnic group sometimes also known [[Colloquialism|colloquially]] as the ''Sulawesi Bajau'' to differentiate it with another group in the [[Nusantara (archipelago)|Nusantara]] ({{lit}} 'Indonesian Archipelago' in [[Old Javanese]]) that bears similar-sounding name, such as the Bajau people of the Bajau Island in [[Riau Archipelago]]; however, both ethnic groups might clumped together under the ''Indonesian Bajau'' terminology.

== History ==
===Genetic study and research===
[[File:Hoofden met volgelingen uit Zuid-Celebes, KITLV 31010.tiff|thumb|left|250px|A portrait of Bajo (the one in the left with no clothes) with another indigenous of South Sulawesi in [[Makassar]], these picture officially published and released to the public by [[KITLV]] in {{circa}} 1910]]
A genetic study of Bajo ethnic group population in three regions of [[Derawan Islands]], [[Kotabaru]] ([[South Kalimantan]]), and [[Kendari]] ([[Southeast Sulawesi]]) indicates that the origin of the Bajo was from southern region of [[Sulawesi]], this is in line with the oral tradition of the locals of [[Wajo Regency]]. The ethnogenesis of the Bajo is thought to predominantly arose in the {{circa}} 4th century AD when the native of Bajo Island in Lesser Sunda Islands started to migrate to northern region in Flores Sea and practiced intermarriage with the [[Bugis]] from Sulawesi and [[Papuan people|Papuans]] from [[New Guinea]]. Some researcher stated that the Bajo began to migrate to the island of Borneo (known natively as ''Kalimantan'') around the 11th century AD by first settled in [[East Kalimantan]] via the Derawan Islands, and then headed to [[North Kalimantan]] and later to southern of the [[Philippines]] around the 13th to 14th century where they are commonly referred as the ''[[Sama-Bajau|Sama Bajau]]''; it is suspected that the Bajo were encouraged to migrate during the increasing influence and trading activity of the [[Palembang]]-origin empire of [[Srivijaya]] in the northern [[Makassar Strait]] area of [[Sulawesi Sea]] (the Srivijayan traders who settled in the Philippines later known as [[Visayan people|the Visayans]] and regarded as 'the indigenous' by the modern country of Philippines despite of its historical origin; the Philippines' municipality region of [[Palimbang]] also named after the capital of Srivijaya, which is the Palembang city in southeastern Sumatra).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kusuma P |last2=Brucato N |last3=Cox MP |last4=Letellier T |last5=Manan A |last6=Nuraini C |last7=Grangé P |last8=Sudoyo H |last9=Ricaut FX |year=2017 |title=The last sea nomads of the Indonesian archipelago: genomic origins and dispersal|language=en|journal=Eur J Hum Genet |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=1004–1010 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2017.88 |pmc=5567155 |pmid=28513608}}</ref>

== Subethnic groups ==
According to the native Bajo [[Social group|sociogrouping]], there are at least four classifications of society which form the sub-groups that can be classified through the way how they usually wander the Flores sea and its surroundings:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Poedjowibowo |first1= Djajeng |last2=Waani|first2=Judy O.|last3=Warouw|first3=Fela|title=Teritorialitas Pada Permukiman Suku Bajo di Desa Tumbak (Studi Kasus Permukiman Diatas Air)|trans-title=Territorial of the Bajo Ethnic Settlements in Tumbak Village (Study case of 'On Water' Residency)|url=https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/65381-ID-teritorialitas-pada-permukiman-suku-bajo.pdf|language=id}}</ref>

* '''Pallibu''',{{efn|cognate to {{lang-bug|ᨆᨒᨗᨅᨘ|mallibu|going around}}}} the Bajo who had the habit of going to sea only for a day and the distance is relatively close. They used a ''Soppe'' boat which can be driven by oars. After getting the fishes, they return to their homeland to sell their catch or enjoy it with their families.

* '''Papongka''',{{efn|cognate to {{lang-mak|ᨄᨅᨚᨀ|paʼbongka|hunter, chaser}}}} the Bajo who went for a week or couple of weeks to wander the sea. They use the same type of boat as the Palibu group; which is a ''Soppe'' boat. If they feel that they have obtained enough catch or run out of clean water, they will stop by the nearest islands. After selling the fish they caught and getting clean water, they will return to the sea, and the cycle will repeat continuously. 

* '''Sakkaiʼ''',{{efn|cognate to {{lang-bug|ᨔᨀ|sakkaʼ|catcher}}}} the Bajo who are characterized by the usage of large boat called ''Leppa'' and spent longer time in sea (at least a month or two). The ''Leppa'' boat itself specifically can even accommodate a family and the necessities of daily life while at sea, and nowadays the ''Leppa'' equipped with engines as well. However, the Sakkai are not much different from the Papongka group, but Sakkai have greater reach of 'working areas'. 

* '''Lamme''',{{efn|cognate to {{lang-mak|ᨕᨆᨙᨀ|ammekang|to fish (with hook and like?)}}}} the Bajo who can be categorized by the adoption of modern techniques of fishing. They use large boats with large crews and powerful engines. They crossed the high-tide seas and even reach another countries (mostly neighbouring countries of Indonesia). And they can be in the ocean for months.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== Notes ===
{{notelist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Noorduyn |first=Jacobus |year=1955 |title=Een Achttiende-Eeuwse Kroniek van Wadjo’: Buginese Historiografie |language=nl |trans-title= An Eighteenth-Century Chronicle of Wadjo' : Buginese Historiography |location=[[Den Haag|‘s-Gravenhage]] |publisher=H. L. Smits}}
* {{cite book |last=Patunru |first=Abdurrazak Daeng |year=1983 |orig-year=1964 |title=Sejarah Wajo |language=id |trans-title=The History of Wajo |location=Ujung Pandang |publisher=Yayasan Kebudayaan Sulawesi Selatan |oclc=215821862 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Noorduyn |first=Jacobus |author-mask=3 |year=1972 |title=Arung Singkang (1700-1765): How the victory of Wadjo' began |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/53538/1/INDO_13_0_1107127212_61_68.pdf |journal=Indonesia |volume=13 |issue=13 |pages=61–68 |doi=10.2307/3350682 |jstor=3350682}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Lineton |first=Jacqueline |year=1975 |title=An Indonesian society and its universe: A study of the Bugis of South Sulawesi (Celebes) and their role within a wider social and economic system |type=disertasi PhD |publisher=School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London }}
* {{cite journal |last=Lineton |first=Jacqueline |author-mask=3 |year=1975 |title=''Pasompeʼ Ugiʼ'': Bugis migrants and wanderers |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/arch_0044-8613_1975_num_10_1_1248 |journal=Archipel |volume=10 |pages=173–201 |doi=10.3406/arch.1975.1248}}
* {{cite journal |last=Noorduyn |first=Jacobus |author-mask=3 |year=2000 |title=The Wajo merchants community in Makassar |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/156/3/article-p473_5.xml |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=473–498 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003836 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite book |last=Wellen |first=Kathryn Anderson |year=2009 |chapter=Credit among the Early Modern ''To Wajoq'' |editor1=David Henley |editor2=Peter Boomgaard |title=Credit and Debit in Indonesia: From Peonage to Pawnshop, from ''Kongsi'' to Cooperative |location=Leiden |publisher=KITLV Press |isbn=9789067183505 |pages=102–123}}
* {{cite journal |last=Reid |first=Anthony |author-mask=3 |year=2016 |title=The Open Door: Early Modern Wajonese Statecraft and Diaspora (review) |url= |journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=312–315 |doi=10.1017/S002246341600014X }}

== See also ==
* [[Bugis]]
* [[Wajo Regency]]

== Further reading ==
{{Commons category|Bajo people}}
{{Portal bar|Indonesia|Society}}

{{Sourceattribution|Bajo people|1}}